GATE – 2 0 1 6

IN : INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING
N o. of Qu est i on s : 65 M a xi m u m M a r k s : 100

I N ST R U CT I ON S
1. Tot al of 65 quest ions car r ying 100 mar ks, out of which 10 quest ions car r ying a t ot al of
15 mar ks ar e in Gener al Apt it ude (GA)
2. The Engineer ing M at hemat ics will car r y ar ound 15% of t h e t ot al m ar k s, t he Gener al
Apt it ude sect ion will car r y 15% of t h e t ot al m ar k s and t he r em ai n i n g 70% of t h e
t ot al m ar k s.
3. Ty p es of Qu est i on s
(a ) M u l t i p l e Ch oi ce Qu est i on s (M CQ) car r ying 1 or 2 mar ks each in all paper s and
sect ions. These quest ions ar e object ive in nat ur e, and each will have a choice of four
opt ions, out of which t he candidat e has t o mar k t he cor r ect answer (s).
(b) N u m er i cal An sw er Qu est i on s of 1 or 2 mar ks each in all paper s and sect ions. For
t hese quest ions t he answer is a r eal number, t o be ent er ed by t he candidat e using
t he vir t ual keypad. No choices will be shown for t hese t ype of quest ions.
4. For 1-m ar k mult iple-choice quest ions, 1/3 m ar k s will be deduct ed for a wr ong answer.
L ikewise, for 2-m ar k s mult iple-choice quest ions, 2/3 mar ks will be deduct ed for a wr ong
answer. Ther e is no negat ive mar king for numer ical answer t ype quest ions.

(Q. 1 – 5) : Carry One Mark Each. 3. M has a son Q and a daughter R. He has
1. An apple costs ` 10. An onion costs ` 8. no other children. E is the mother of P
Select the most suitable sentence with and daughter-in-law of M. How is P
respect to grammar and usage. related to M?
(a) The price of an apple is greater than (a) P is the son-in-law of M.
an onion. (b) P is the grandchild of M.
(b) The price of an apple is more than (c) P is the daughter-in law of M.
onion. (d)P is the grandfather of M.
(c) The price of an apple is greater than 4. The number that least fits this set:
that of an onion. (324, 441, 97 and 64) is ________ .
(d)Apples are more costlier than onions. (a) 324 (b) 441
2. The Buddha said, "Holding on to anger is (c) 97 (d) 64
like grasping a hot coal with the intent 5. It takes 10 s and 15 s, respectively, for
of throwing it at someone else; you are two trains travelling at different constant
the one who gets burnt. speeds to completely pass a telegraph post.
Select the word below which is closest in The length of the first train is 120 m and
meaning to the word underlined above. that of the second train is 150 m. The
(a) burning magnitude of the difference in the speeds
(b) igniting of the two trains (in m/s) is ____________ .
(c) clutching (a) 2.0 (b) 10.0
(d)flinging (c) 12.0 (d) 22.0
2 SOLVED PAPER – 2016

(Q. 6 – 10) : Carry Two Marks Each. Sravan. Who should occupy the extra space
6. The velocity V of a vehicle along a straight in the flat?
line is measured in m/s and plotted as (a) Manu (b) Sravan
shown with respect to time in seconds. (c) Trideep (d) Pavan
At the end of the 7 seconds, how much
9. Find the area bounded by the lines
will the odometer reading increase by (in
3x + 2y = 14, 2x – 3y = 5 in the first quadrant.
m)?
(a) 14.95 (b) 15.25
V(m/s)
(c) 15.70 (d) 20.35
10. A straight line is fit to a data set (ln x, y).
2
This line intercepts the abscissa at ln
1 x = 0.1 and has a slope of – 0.02. What is
the value of y at x = 5 from the fit?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Time (s)
(a) – 0.030 (b) – 0.014
–1 (c) 0.014 (d) 0.030
(Q. 1 – 25): Carry One Mark Each.
(a) 0 (b) 3 1. A straight line of the form y = mx + c
(c) 4 (d) 5 passes through the origin and the point
(x, y) = (2, 6). The value of m is_________.
7. The overwhelming number of people
infected with rabies in India has been
flagged by the World Health
2. lim
n 
 
n 2  n  n 2  1 is ___________.

Organization as a source of concern. It is 3. A voltage V1 is measured 100 times and

estimated that inoculating 70% of pets its average and standard deviation are
and stray dogs against rabies can lead to 100 V and 1.5 V respectively. A second
a significant reduction in the number of voltage V2, which is independent of V1, is
people infected with rabies. measured 200 times and its average and
Which of the following can be logically standard deviation are 150 V and
inferred from the above sentences? 2 V respectively. V 3 is computed as:
(a) The number of people in India infected V3 = V1 + V2. Then the standard deviation
with rabies is high. of V3 in volt is____.
(b) The number of people in other parts 4. The vector that is NOT perpendicular to
of the world who are infected with the vectors (i + j + k) and (i + 2j + 3k)
rabies is low. is______.
(c) Rabies can be eradicated in India by (a) (i – 2j + k) (b) (– i + 2j – k)
vaccinating 70% of stray dogs. (c) (0i + 0j + 0k) (d) (4i + 3j + 5k)
(d)Stray dogs are the main source of 5. In the neighborhood of z = 1, the function
rabies worldwide. f(z) has a power series expansion of the
8. A flat is shared by four first year form f(z) = 1 + (1 – z) + (1 – z)2 + ............
undergraduate students. They agreed to Then f(z) is
allow the oldest of them to enjoy some extra 1 1
(a) (b)
space in the flat. Manu is two months older z z2
than Sravan, who is three months younger z 1 1
(c) (d)
than Trideep. Pavan is one month older than z 1 2z  1
SOLVED PAPER – 2016 3

6. Three currents i1, i2 and i3 meet at a node 11. If X (s), the Laplace transform of signal
as shown in the figure below. If i1 = 3 (s  2)
cos(t) ampere, i2 = 4 sin(t) ampere and x(t) is given by X(s)  , then
(s  1)(s  3)2
i3 = I3 cos(t + ) ampere, the value of I3
in ampere is__________. the value of x(t) as t   is _____.
12. The number of times the Nyquist plot of
i1 i2
s 1
i3 G(s) = will encircle the origin
s 1
7. An air cored coil has a Q of 5 at a clockwise is _________.
frequency of 100 kHz. The Q of the coil 13. The value of a0 which will ensure that
at 20 kHz (neglecting skin effect) will the polynomial s3 + 3s2 + 2s + a0 has roots
be________.
on the left half of the s-plane is
8. A current i(t) shown in the figure below (a) 11 (b) 9
is passed through a 1 F capacitor that had
(c) 7 (d) 5
zero initial charge. The voltage across the
capacitor for t > 2 s in volt is_________. 14. The input i(t) = 2 sin(3t + ) is applied to
a system whose transfer function
i(t)
8
G(s)  .
(s  10)2
8A
The amplitude of the output of the system
is ______ .
0, 0 15. The diode D used in the circuit below is
1s 2s t
ideal. The voltage drop Vab across the
9. The signal x[n] shown in the figure below 1 k resistor in volt is_________.
is convolved with itself to get y[n]. The
value of y[–1] is________. 1 k D
1 1 a b
x[n]
3V 5 k 1 mA
1
–1 0 2 n
16. In the circuit given below, the opamp is
–1
ideal. The output voltage VO in volt is
10. In the circuit shown below (v 1 + v2) =
_______.
[1 sin(210000t) + 1 sin(230000t)] V. The
RMS value of the current through the
resistor R will be minimum if the value 20 k
of the capacitor C in microfarad is ______.
20 k
100 H 100  H 10 k
v1 + v2 2V –
R V1
~
20 k V0
+
C 2.53 F I

10 k
v1 = 1 sin(2 10000t)V
v2 = 1 sin(2 30000t)V
4 SOLVED PAPER – 2016

17. In the circuit given below, the diodes D1 is on the 234th mm position. The unknown
and D2 have a forward voltage drop of voltage (up to four decimal places) in volt
0.6 V. The opamp used is ideal. The is _______ .
magnitude of the negative peak value of
RC RF VB 234 mm
the output VO in volt is ________ .
IP
0 mm 1000 mm
16 k
15 14 13 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

D2 G

10 k
VX
–
D1
1 sin (3000t) V 22. In the circuit given below, each input
~ V0
+ terminal of the opamp draws a bias
current of 10 nA. The effect due to these
18. The Boolean expression XY + ( X'+ Y' )Z input bias currents on the output voltage
is equivalent to VO will be zero, if the value of R chosen
in kilo-ohm is _______ .
(a) XYZ' + X'Y'Z
(b) X'Y'Z' + XYZ
(c) (X + Z) (Y + Z ) 60 k

(d)(X' + Z) (Y' Z)
19. In the digital circuit given below, F is 30 k
–
X
V0
Y F +

R
Z

(a) XY  YZ (b) XY  YZ

(c) X Y  Y Z (d) XZ  Y
23. A peizo-electric type pressure sensor has
20. A 3 ½ digit DMM has an accuracy a sensitivity of 1 mV/kPa and a
specification of ± 1% of full scale bandwidth of 300 Hz to 300 kHz. For a
(accuracy class 1). A reading of 100.0 mA constant (dc) pressure of 100 kPa, the
is obtained on its 200 mA full scale range. steady state output of the sensor in
The worst case error in the reading in mllivolt is ______ .
milliampere is ± ______ . 24. The signal m(t) = cos(mt) is SSB (single
21. A dc potentiometer, shown in figure side-band) modulated with a carrier
below, is made by connecting fifteen 10 cos(ct) to get s(t). The signal obtained
 resistors and a 10  slide wire of length by passing s(t) through an ideal envelope
1000 mm in series. The potentiometer is detector is
standardized with the current (a) cos(mt)
Ip = 10.0000 mA. Balance for an unknown (b) sin(mt)
voltage is obtained when the dial is in
(c) cos(mt) + sin(mt)
position 11 (11 numbers of the fixed 10 
resistor are included) and the slide wire (d)1
SOLVED PAPER – 2016 5

t 3 d 2 x(t) dx(t)

M D  Kx(t)  f (t).
25. Let s(t) = rect   be a signal passed dt 2
dt
 3 
X(s) and F(s) are the Laplace transforms
through an AWGN (additive white
of x(t) and f(t) respectively. With M = 0.1,
Gaussian noise) channel with noise power
D = 2, K =10 in appropriate units, the
N0 X(s)
spectral density (PSD to get v(t) . If transfer function G(s) = is
2 F(s)
v(t) is passed through a matched-filter 10
that is matched to s(t), then output signal- (a) 2
s  20s  100
to noise ratio (SNR) of the matched-filter (b) s2 + 20s + 100
is 10s2
(c)
1 2 s2  20s  100
(a) N (b) N s
0 0
(d) 2
s  20s  100
3 4
(c) N (d) N 1 z2  1
30. The value of the integral dz
2j C z 2  1
0 0

(Q. 26 – 55) : Carry Two Marks Each.

where z is a complex number and C is a
26. Let f : [– 1, 1]  R, where f(x) = 2x3 – x4 –10. unit circle with center at 1 + 0 j in the
The minimum value of f(x) is _____. complex plane is_____________.
27. An urn contains 5 red and 7 green balls. 31. The current IX in the circuit given below
A ball is drawn at random and its colour in milliampere is __________ .
is noted. The ball is placed back into the
urn along with another ball of the same 100 100

colour. The probability of getting a red IX

ball in the next draw is 1V 10 mA
100
65 67
(a) (b)
156 156
32. In the circuit shown below, VS = 101 0 V,
79 89
(c) (d) R = 10  and L = 100 . The current IS is
156 156
in phase with VS. The magnitude of IS in
milliampere is_________.
2 1 1 
 
28. Consider the matrix A =  2 3 4 
 1 1 2  IS
 
R
whose eigenvalues are 1, – 1 and 3. Then
Trace of (A3 – 3A2) is _____. VS ~
C
29. The relationship between the force f(t)
and the displacement x(t) of a spring- L
mass system (with a mass M, viscous
damping D and spring constant K) is
6 SOLVED PAPER – 2016

33. A symmetrical three-phase three-wire 36. For the periodic signal x(t) shown below
RYB system is connected to a balanced with period T = 8 s, the power in the 10th
delta-connected load. The RMS values of harmonic is
the line current and line-to-line voltage
are 10 A and 400 V respectively. The x(t)
power in the system is measured using 1
the two wattmeter method. The first
wattmeter connected between R-line and
–4 0 4 8 t
Y-line reads zero. The reading of the
second wattmeter (connected between –1
B-line and Y-line) in watt is ______ .
2
34. In the strain gauge bridge circuit given 1 2 
(a) 0 (b)  
below, R1 = R3 = R (1 – x) and R2 = R4 = R 2  10 
(1 + x), where R is 350 . The voltage 2 2
1 4  1 4 
sources v s and v n represent the dc (c)   (d)  
excitation and the undesired noise/ 2  10  2  5 
interference, respectively. The value of 37. The fundamental period N 0 of the
capacitor C in microfarad that is required discrete-time sinusoid x[n] = sin
to ensur e that the output across a and b
is low-pass filtered with a cutoff  301 
 n  is _____.
frequency of 150 Hz is ________ .  4 
38. The transfer function G(s) of a system
which has the asymptotic Bode plot
R1 R2 shown below is
vn

b
a
vs + C
– R4 R3

35. The voltage v(t) shown below is applied

to the given circuit. v(t) = 3 V for t < 0
and v(t) = 6 V for t > 0. The value of
current i(t) at t = 1 s, in ampere is_____.
v(t)
6 4 (s  1)2
3 (a) 10
(s  100)2
0 t
4 (s  1)2
1.5 H (b) 10
(s  100)2
i(t) 4 (s  1)
1 (c) 10
1
1 (s  100)2
v(t) + (s  1)2
– 4
(d) 10
(s  100)2
SOLVED PAPER – 2016 7

39. For the feedback system given below, the 41. An ideal opamp is used to realize a
difference amplifier circuit given below
1
transfer function G(s) = . The having a gain of 10. If x = 0.025, the
(s  1)2
CMRR of the circuit in dB is_______.
system CANNOT be stabilized with
100 (1 + x) k
+ C(s) G(s)
–

10 (1 – x) k
v1 –
3
(a) C(s)  1  10 (1 + x) k
s v2 v0
+
7
(b) C(s)  3 
s 100 (1 – x) k
9
(c) C(s)  3 
s
1 42. In the circuit given below, the opamp is
(d) C(s)  ideal. The input vx is a sinusoid. To ensure
s
40. Match the unit-step responses (1), vy = vx, the value of CN in picofarad
(2) and (3) with the transfer functions is _____ .
P(s), Q(s) and R(s), given below. 100 k

1
0 (1) 1 k
–
–1
Step Responses

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
vy
1 vx +
1 k
0 (2)
1 nF
–1 CN
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
43. In the circuit given below, the opamp is
1
ideal. The value of current I L in
0 (3)
microampere is ______ .
–1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time (s)
100 k

1
P(s)  100 k
(s  1) –
2(s  1)
Q(s)  10 k
(s  10)(s  2)
1V +
1
R(s) 
(s  1)2 10 k
IL
(a) P(s) – (3), Q(s) – (2), R(s) – (1)
(b) P(s) – (1), Q(s) – (2), R(s) – (3) RL
(c) P(s) – (2), Q(s) – (1), R(s) – (3)
(d) P(s) – (1), Q(s) – (3), R(s) – (2)
8 SOLVED PAPER – 2016

44. A 4 to 1 multiplexer to realize a Boolean lines of the memory module. The active
function F (X, Y, Z) is shown in the figure low chip select CS of the memory module
below. The inputs Y and Z are connected
is connected to the y5 output of a 3 to 8
to the selectors of the MUX (Y is more
decoder with active low outputs. S0, S1
significant). The canonical sum-of-
and S2 are the input lines to the decoder,
product expression for F ( X, Y, Z ) is
with S2 as the MSB. The decoder has one
active low EN1 and one active high EN2
X I0
enable lines as shown below. The address
0 I1 4 to 1
F (X, Y, Z) range(s) that gets mapped onto this
X I2 MUX
memory module is (are)
1 I3
A12 A13 A14

Y Z
(a) m ( 2, 3, 4, 7 ) A11 S0 S1 S2
EN2
(b) m ( 1, 3, 5, 7) 3 to 8 decoder
A10
(c) m ( 0, 2, 4, 6 ) EN1
(d)m (2, 3, 5, 6 ) y0 y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7
45. A synchronous counter using two J - K flip
flops that goes through the sequence of
states: Q1 Q2 = 00  10  01  11  00 ... CS
is required. To achieve this, the inputs to (a) 3000H to 33FFH and E000H to A3FFH
the flip flops are (b) 1400H to 17FFH
(c) 5300H to 53FFH and A300H to A3FFH
J1 Q1 J2 Q2
(d) 5800H to 5BFFH and D800H to DBFFH
47. A coil is tested with a series type Q-
meter. Resonance at a particular
frequency is obtained with a capacitance
K1 Q1 K2 Q2 of 110 pF. When the frequency is doubled,
the capacitance required for resonance
is 20 pF. The distributed capacitance of
Clock the coil in pico farad is ______ .
(a) J1 = Q2, K1 = 0 ; J2 = Q1, K2 = Q1 48. The comparators (output = ‘1’, when input
(b) J1 = 1, K1 = 1 ; J2 = Q1, K2 = Q1  0 and output = ‘0’, when input < 0),
(c) J1 = Q2, K1 = Q2 ; J2 = 1, K2 = 1 exclusive- OR gate and the unity gain low-
pass filter given in the circuit are ideal.
(d) J1 = Q2, K1 = Q2 ; J2 = Q1, K2 = Q1
The logic output voltages of the exclusive-
46. A 1 Kbyte memory module has to be
OR gate is 0 V and 5 V.The cut off
interfaced with an 8-bit microprocessor
frequency of the low-pass filter is 0.1 Hz.
that has 16 address lines. The address
For V1 = 1 sin (3000t + 36º) V and V2 = 1
lines A 0 to A 9 of the processor are
sin (3000t) V, the value of V 0 in volt
connected to the corresponding address
is______.
SOLVED PAPER – 2016 9

52. The velocity of flow of water (density

V1 + 1000 kg/m 3 ) in a horizontal pipe is
– measured using the PITOT tube shown
below. The fluid in the U-tube manometer
Low-pass
filter V0 is mercury with a density of 13534 kg/m3.
V2 + Assume g = 9.81 m/s 2. If the height
–
difference (h) is measured as 94.1 mm, the
velocity of flow of water in m/s is ______ .

49. A 200 mV full scale dual-slope 3 ½ digit

DMM has a reference voltage of 100 mV
and a first integration time of 100 ms.
For an input of [100 + 10 Cos(100t)] mV,
the conversion time (without taking the
auto-zero phase time into consideration)
in millisecond is______.
50. In the circuit below, the opamp is ideal
and the sensor is an RTD whose
resistance R  = 1000 (1 + 0.004 ) ,
where  is temperature in °C. The output 53. The bandgap in eV of a semiconductor
sensitivity in mV/°C is___. material required to construct an LED
1000(1 + 0.004 )  that emits peak power at the wavelength
of 620 nm is______.
(Plank constant h = 4.13567 × 10–15 eV s
1 k and speed of light c = 2.998 × 108 m/s).
–

V0 sin(100 t)
+ 54. The signal m(t) = is frequency
–
5V +
10 k 100 t
10 k
modulated (FM) with an FM modulator
of frequency deviation constant of 30 kHz/
51. The photo diode in the figure below has V. Using Carson’s rule, the approximate
an active sensing area of 10 mm 2, a bandwidth of the modulated wave in
sensitivity of 0.5 A/W and a dark current kilohertz is________.
of 1 A. The i-to-v converter has a
55. A signal m(t) varies from – 3.5 V to + 3.5 V
sensitivity of 100 mV/A. For an input
with an average power of 3 W. The signal
light intensity of 4 W/m2, the output VO
is quantized using a midtread type
in volt is____.
quantizer and subsequently binary
encoded. With the codeword of length
Light

I-to-V V0 3, the signal to quantization noise ratio in

converter
dB is_______.
Photo
diode
10 SOLVED PAPER – 2016

A N SWE R S
Gen er al Ap t i t u d e (GA)

1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (b)

10. (a)

Tech n i cal Sect i on

1. (3) 2. (0.5) 3. (2.5) 4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (5)

7. (1) 8. (8) 9. (2) 10. (0.281) 11. (0) 12. (1)

13. (d) 14. (0.146) 15. (0) 16. (– 1) 17. (1.6) 18. (c)

19. (b) 20. (2.1; 2.1) 21. (1.1234) 22. (20) 23. (0) 24. (d)

25. (b) 26. (– 13) 27. (a) 28. (– 6) 29. (a) 30. (1)

31. (10) 32. (100) 33. (– 3464.10) 34. (3.03) 35. (1.63) 36. (a)

37. (8) 38. (b) 39. (c) 40. (b) 41. (40.42) 42. (100)

43. (100) 44. (a) 45. (b) 46. (d) 47. (10) 48. (1)

49. (200) 50. (10) 51. (2) 52. (4.81) 53. (2) 54. (60.1)

55. (15.56)

E XP L A N AT I ON S
GEN ERAL APT I T U D E (GA) So, fr om t he above r elat ion diagr am it is
2. T h e m ean i n g of u n der l i n ed w or d clear t hat P is t he gr andchild of M .
gr aspi ng means cl ut chi ng (or hol di ng 5. H er e t he speed of fir st t r ain
somet hing t ight ly). 120
3. (S1) =  12 m/s
10
(+ or –)
and t he speed of second t r ain
(+)
150
M Q
Son
Daughter (+) Male (S2) =  10 m/s
Dau
Husband
Grand (–) Female 15
R ght Child (+ or –)
er- in-la
w P  The magnit ude of di ffer ence i n t he
E
Mother speeds of t wo t r ai ns = (S1 – S2) =
(12 – 10) m/s = 2 m/s
SOLVED PAPER – 2016 11

6. Fr om t he given figur e. Fr om t he above st at ement

The odomet er r eadi ng i ncr eases fr om Tr ideep age > M anu > Pavan > Sr avan
st ar t ing point t o end point . H ence, Tr i deep can occupy t he ext r a
Ar ea of t he given diagr am – Odomet er space in t he flat .
r eading
Ar ea of t he velocit y and t ime gr aph per
second 9.
1st sec  t r iangle
1 1
= 11 
2 2
2nd sec  squar e
=11=1
3 sec  squar e + t r iangle
rd

1 1
= 11  11 = 1
2 2
4t h sec  t r iangle

1  14 
= 1 2  1 A =  ,0 
2  3 
5t h sec  st r aight line B = [0, 7],
=0
5 
6t h sec  t r iangle C =  ,0 
2 
1 1
= 11 
2 2  5 
D = 0, 
7 sec  t r iangle
th
 3 

1 1 E = [4, 1],
= 11 
2 2 F = [0, 1]
Tot al Odomet er r eading at 7 seconds Requir ed ar ea = Ar ea of  BFE + Ar ea of
quadr ilat er al FEOC
=
1 1
1 1 1 1 =  4  6   (4  2.5)  1
 2 1 1 2 1  0  2  2 m 2 2
 
=5m 1
= 26   6.5
So, t he odomet er r eading is incr eased by 2
5 m. = 12 + 3.25
8. M anu age = Sr avan age + 2 mont hs = 15.25 sq. unit s
M anu age = Tr ideep age – 3 mont hs So, t he ar ea bounded by t he given lines
Pavan age = Sr avan’s age + 1 mont h is 15.25 sq. unit s.
12 SOLVED PAPER – 2016

10. The equat ion of a st r aight line is

y = mx + c  1
1  
m = slope = – 0.02  n
= lt
set (log x, y)
n   1 1 
 1   1  2 
 n n 
Now, t he line int er cept s t he abscissa at
log x = 0.1
1
So, at abscissa y = 0 = = 0.5
2
 y = mx + c
0 = – 0.02  0.1 + c 3. Gi ven V 1 = 100 V

 c = 0.002 St andar d deviat ion of V 1

y = mx + c (1) = 1.5 V

y = – 0.02  1og x + c V 2 = 150 V

At x =5 St andar d deviat ion of V 2

 y = – 0.02  log 5 + 0.002 (2) = 2V

=– 0.030 V3 = V1 + V2
So, t he value of y is – 0.030. St andar d deviat ion of V 3

T ECH N I CAL SECT I ON (3) = (2)2  (1.5) 2

1. The equat ion of a st r aight line is = 2.5 Volt
y = mx + c ...(1) So, t h e st an dar d dev i at i on of V 3 i s
Equat ion (1) passes t hr ough point (0, 0), 2.5 Volt s.
we get 5. f(z) = 1 + (1 – z) + (1 – z)2 + ....
c= 0 Given expansion can be wr it t en as
Equat ion (1) passes t hr ough point (2, 6), f(z) = 1 – (z – 1) + (z – 1)2 – (z – 1)3 + (z – 1)4
we get + ...
6= 2m
 m= 3 1
= (1 + (z – 1))– 1 =
z
So, t he value of m is 3.

2. lt  n2  n  n2  1  1
n  So, t he value of f(z) is .
z
n2  n  n2  1 6. Gi ven, i 1 = 3 cost
lt  n2  n  n2  1
n  2 2
n  n  n 1

(n 2  n)  (n 2  1)
= nlt

 n2  n  n2  1 

 1
n 1  
= lt  n
i 2 = 4 sint
n   1 1 
n  1   1  2  i3 = ?
 n n 
SOLVED PAPER – 2016 13

Now using for mula 9. Given signal x(n) = 1 1 – 1

i1 = i2 + i3 
i3 = i1 – i2 y(n) = x(n) * x(n)
(Using convolut ion t heor em)
= 3 cost – 4 sint

= 390 – 40
i 3 = 3j – 4

= (3)  (4) 2  9  16

= 25
= 5
So, t he value of i 3 is 5 Amp.

1 L 2f  L
7. Q1 = 
R R y(n) = 1 2 – 1 – 2 1

2  100K  L
= y(– 1) = 2
R
So, t he value of y(– 1) = 2
(Since f = 100 kH z)
10. At par allel r esonance t he impedance is
=5
maxi mum and so t he cur r ent wi l l be
L 5 minimum.
= ...(i )
R 2  100K

2 L 5
Q2 = = 2  20K 
R 2  100K
(fr om eqn. (i ))
=1
1
o = = 2 30000
LC
8.
(o = 2f)

1
= (2 30000)2
LC

1
C=
L  (2  30000)2
C=
1
2
1 1 100  10 6  (2  30000) 2
V(t) =  8 dt  8t 1 = 8(2 – 1) = 8 V
11
1
So t he volt age acr oss t he capacit or is 8V. =
10 4  (6)2  108
14 SOLVED PAPER – 2016

 I n complex plane t he r oot s ar e locat ed

10 4 10 4
=  as
(6)2 355.59
Z = 1,
P= 0
104
= N = P– Z
3.56  102
N = 0– 1=–1
= 0.28 L  10– 6 F
 N= – 1
C = 0.281 F
So, t h e or i gi n i s en ci r cl ed on ce i n
1 clockwise dir ect ion.
= 2 10000
LC 13. C.E = s3 + 3s2 + 2s + ao

C = 2.53 F
So the first circuit is under resonance at
f = 10000 Hz and second cir cuit is under s3 1 2
r esonance at f = 30000 H z s2 3 ao
11. The laplace t r ansfor m of signal x(t) is 6  ao
s1 0
3
s 2
X(s) = s0 ao
(s  1)(s  3)2
X(t) = x() ao > 0
L t 
6  ao
X() = L t ( s  s) > 0
s
3
6 – ao > 0
s(s  2)
 lt The ao value should be 0 < ao < 6
x  ( s  1)( s  3) 2
ao = 5 (sat isfies)
s2  2s So, t he value of ao is 5.
= sLt0 14. Given t r ansfer funct ion
(s  1)( s2  9  6 s)
= 0 8
G(s) =
Thus t he value of x(t) as t  is 0. (s  10)2
12. Fr om t he given nyquist plot , t her e is no s = j
feedback so G(s) m ust be t r eat ed as
simple complex function not as open loop 8
G(j) =
t r ansfer funct ion. ( j   10)2

8
G(j) = 2
 2  102 
o/p amplitude = i/p amplit ude  G()

8
= 2 2
 2  102 
SOLVED PAPER – 2016 15

Wher e  = 3 r ad/sec

28
o/p amplit ude = 2
 100  9 
16
= = 0.146
109
So, t he amplit ude of t he out put is 0.146.
15. Fi r st di ode i s r epl aced by O.C. (Open
 20 
Ci r cui t ). V o = 1V   = – 1 V
 20 
So, t he out put volt age is – 1 volt .
17. When V i > 0.6V  D 1  ON and D 2 
OFF, t hen

VA – VC
For diode D  (3 – 5) = – 2V
(The diode is in t he OFF st at e.)
So t he cur r ent passing t hr ough diode is
0 Amp.
V ab = 0V  16 
 V o =  Vi  
H ence t he vol t age dr op V ab acr oss t he  10 
1 k r esist or is 0 volt . = – 1.6 V i
16. Fr om Fig. = – 1.6 sin (3000t)
Apply t hevenin’s t heor em at V 1 (Since V i = sin(30000t))
When V i < – 0.6 V  D 1  OFF & D 2 
ON

V t h = 1V Rt h = 10 K
Then equivalent cir cuit
16 SOLVED PAPER – 2016

1 cou n t on t h i s 200m V f u l l scal e i s

000.1 mV

 1 
%er r or i n r eadi n g =   200 mA 
 100 
= ± 2%
Ther efor e, er r or can be calculat ed as
Er r or = ± (2% of r eading +1 class)

=   2  100.0 mV  1  000.1mV 
 100 
 
= ± [2 mV + 0.1 mV]
= ± 2.1 mV
H ence t he magni t ude of t he negat i ve
So, t he wor st case er r or in t he r eading is
peak value of t he out put V o is 1.6 V.
± 2.1 m volt s.
18. Gi ven F = XY  (X  Y)Z 21. Gi ven
Sl i de w i r e r esi st an ce = 10  (f or
= XY  XY Z
1000 mm).
(Fr om DeM or gan's Theor em) For 234 mm lengt h,
= Z + XY
234
= (X + Z) (Y + Z) R=  10 = 2.34 
1000
(Fr om dist r ibut ive law)
19. Fr om t he given digit al cir cuit When di al i s at posi t i on 11 t hen t ot al
r esist ance = 110 
F = XY. Z Y Unknown volt age
V X = (110 + 2.34)  10 mA
Now fr om DeM or gan's t heor em
V X = 1.1234 Volt
F = XY  Z Y So, t he unknown volt age is 1.1234 V.
22. Fr om t he given cir cuit fig, t he value of
= XY  Z Y
‘R’ chosen t o make out put volt age V o due
t o input bias cur r ent t o be zer o is par allel
(Since A  A )
combinat ion of 30 k and 60 k
= XY  Y Z
30k  60k 1800 k  k
 R = 30k  60k  90 k
1
20. From given data, we have 3 digit DMM,
2 R = 20 k
Accur acy specification = ± 1% of full scale So, t he value of R is 20 k.
(accur acy class 1) 23. For const ant (dc) pr essur e peizo elect r ic
Reading = 100 mA on its 200 mA full scale sensor wi l l not be r espond, so out put
100mV r eading on t he 200mV full scale volt age is 0 Volt .
is 1 0 0 .0 mV
SOLVED PAPER – 2016 17

6 X(s) 1
25. N (N o op t i on i s cor r ect ) = 2
0 F(s) 0.1S  2S  10

26. Given funct ion

10
f(x) = 2x3 – x4 – 10 = 2
S  2S  100
f (x) = 6x2 – 4x3
So, t h e t r an sf er f u n ct i on G(s) i s
f (x) = 12x – 12x2
at f (x) = 0 10
2 .
 x = 0, 1.5 ar e st . point s S  2S  100

But x = 1.5 lies out side of [– 1, 1] 30. Given int egr al

at f(– 1) = 2(– 1)3 – (– 1)4 – 10
1 Z2  1
= – 2 – 1 – 10 I = 2j  Z
c
2
1
dz
= – 13,
at f(1) = 2(1)3 – (1)4 – 10
 Z2  1 
= 2 – 1 – 10 = – 9  
 Z  1  dz
2
1 Z 1 1
2j c (Z2  1) 2j c (Z  1)
 M inimum value = – 9 dz =
So, t he minimum value of f(x) is – 13.
27. The probability of getting a red ball in the = f(1) = 1
next draw Thus t he value of int egr al is 1.
5 6 7 5 65
(P) =    
12 13 12 13 156
31.
28. I f  is an eigen values of A, t hen
3 – 32 is an eigen values of A 3 – 3A 2
Put t ing  = 1, – 1, and 3 in 3 – 32, we
get
– 2, – 4, 0
Tr ace of (A 3 – 3A 2) = – 6 Fr om t he above figur e
So, t he t r ace of (A 3 – 3A 2) is – 6. Apply K VL (K i r chhoff Volt age L aw) in
fir st loop
29. Gi ven
I 1 = (10mA – I X)
d 2 x(t ) dx(t ) = – 1 – 100 I 1 + 100 I X = 0
M 2
D  K x(t ) = f(t)
dt dt = – 1 – 1 + 100 I X + 100 I X = 0
Taking L aplace t r ansfor m on bot h sides, = 200 I X = 2
We get
2
M S2 X(S) + D SX(S) + K X(S) = F(s) IX = = 10 mA
200
X(s) 1 Hence the current I X in the given circuit is
=
F(s) M S2  DS  K 10 mA.
Now substituting the values of M, D and 32. At r esonance bot h V & I ar e in phase &
K, we get I maginar y par t is zer o.
18 SOLVED PAPER – 2016

34. Cut -off fr equency

1
f = 2 R C

H er e R = Resist ance
C = Capacit ance

1
C = 2  R  f
1 1
Y= 
R  j C 1
1
j C = 2  350  150

R  j L = 3.03 F
=  j C
R 2  (L)2 So, t he value of capacit or is 3.03 F.
35. At t = 0– (st eady st at e)
R 10 1
2 2 = 2 =
R  (L) 100  (100) 1010

1
I S = VY = 1010 
1010
= 0.1 A = 100 mA
Thus t he magnit ude of I S is 100 mA.
33. Fr om given quest ion, using for mula
i L (0– ) = i L (0+) = 1A
 (W  W1 )  At t =  (st eady st at e)
t an  = 3 2 
 (W2  W1 ) 
(Si n ce W 1 = r eadi n g of t h e f i r st
Wat t met er = 0, W 2 = r eadi n g of t h e
second Wat t met er )

W2
= 3  3
W2

 = t an – 1 3 = 60 i L () = 2 A

Tot al Power PT = W 2 + W 1 = W 2 L
= R
= 3 V L I L cos  eq

= H er e L = I nduct ance = 1.5 H

3  400  10  0.5
R = Resist ance = 1.5 
= 3464.10 Wat t
T h e w at t m et er con n ect ed bet w een 1.5
 = 1
B-l i ne and Y-l i ne i t r ead negat i ve, so 1.5
PT = – 3464.10 W
i (t) = 2 + (1 – 2)e– t
SOLVED PAPER – 2016 19

= 2 – e– t
i (t)t = 1 = 2 – e– t (s  1) 2
= 2
= 1.632 A  s  100 
 100 
So, t he value of cur r ent i (t) is 1.632 Amp.  
36. Fr om t he given figur e, it is clear t hat t he
given signal sat isfies odd and half-wave (s  1)2
=
symmet r y t her efor e it cont ains only odd (s  100)2
h ar m on i cs. T h u s t h e pow er i n 10 t h (10)4
har monic will be zer o.
37. Given discr et e-t ime sinusoid 104 (s  1)2
=
(s  100)2
 301 
x(n) = si n  n 
 4  I t is a second or der lead compensat or at
m = 10 phase is maximum
Compar e i t wi t h a gen er al equat i on
discr et e-t ime sinusoid 9 3s  9
39. L et C(s) = 3  
x[n] = A sin( n) s s

301  3s  9   1 
H er e =  C.E. = + 
4 s   s2  2s  1  = 0
  
N ow 2k = N 0
s3 + 2s2 + 4s + 9 = 0
2 2k
 N0 = k = 4
 301 
For k = 1, N 0 = 8 s3 1 4
38. Fr om t he given bode diagr am s2 2 9
Sl opes 1
s1  0
2
s0 9

Unst able syst em

1
40. Gi ven P(s) =
Tr ansfer funct ion (T.F.) s1
C() =
2
= k(s  1)  s  1 
2
lt s C( s)  lt S.R( s)T.F.
 100  s 0 s 0

20 log k = 0 dB  1 
(fr om bode plot ) = slt
0    1
 s  1
 k= 1
 P(s)  (1)
(s  1) 2 2(s  1)
TF = 2 Q(s) =
 s  (s  10)(s  2)
 100  1 
 
20 SOLVED PAPER – 2016

2(s  1)  97.5  9.75  102.5  102.5

= slt = V2    V1
0 (s  10)(s  2)  10.25  97.5  9.75  9.75
= 10.4176 V 2 – 10.5128 V 1
2
= 10.4176V  10.5128V
20 V o = 2 1
A1 A2
C() = – 0.1
 Q(s)  (2) Gi ven
 (A d) = 10
1  A c = (A 1 + A 2)
R(s) =
(s  1)2
= 10.4176 – 10.5128
= – 0.0952
1
C() = slt =1
0 (s  1)2 Ad 10
CM RR = A  0.0952
 R(s)  (3) c

So, P(s)  (1), Q(s)  (2), R(s)  (3)

= 105.042
(CM RR)dB = 20 log10 (105.042)
41. = 40.42 dB
The CM RR of t he cir cuit is 40.42 dB.

42.

Fr om t he given fig, we have

X = 0.025
R1 = 10(1 + x) k = 10.25 k
Fr om t he given fig, we have
R2 = 100 (1 – x) k = 97.5 k
Vd = 0
R3 = 10 (1 – x) k = 9.75 k
Va = Vb
R4 = 100 (1 + x) k = 102.5 k
Apply K CL (K ir chhoff Cur r ent L aw) at
 R2  (b)
V b = V2  R  R  I1 = I2 + I3
 1 2 

Vx  Vy
 R4  R4 = V y.SC + (V y – V o)SCN
V o = Vb  R  1   R V1 R
 3  3
V x – V y = V y SCR + (V y – V o)SCN
R
 R2   R3  R4  R4
V o = V2  R  R   R  V1 But
 1 2  3  R3
 10K 
Vo = Vy 1 
 1K 
SOLVED PAPER – 2016 21

V o = 11 V y
1 1
V x = V y [1 + SCR + SCN R] – V o SCN R =  4
10  1000 10
V x = V y [1 + SCR + SCN R] – V Y (11)SCN R
= 10– 4
To ensur e V x = V y t hen
I L = 100 A
V Y = V y[1 + SCR – 10SCN R]
So, t he value of cur r ent (I L ) is 100 Amp.
1 = [1 + SCR – 10SCN R]
SCR = 10SCN R 44. F = Y.Z.X  Y.Z.0  Y.Z.X  Y.Z.1

C 109 = X.Y.Z  X.Y.Z  X Y.Z  X Y.Z

CN =  = 100 PF
10 10 =4+2+3+7
So, t he value of CN is 100 pico-far ad. = m(2, 3, 4, 7)
43. So, t he sum-of-pr oduct (SOP) is m(2, 3,
4, 7).

45. Tr ut h-Table (St able)

Pr esent St ate N ext st at e Filp flop input
Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 J 1 K 1 J 2 K 2
0 0 1 0 1 X 0 X
0 1 1 1 1 X X 0
1 0 0 1 X 1 1 X
1 1 0 0 X 1 X 1

J1 = K 1 = 1
J 2 = Q1
K 2 = Q1
So, t he input s t o t he flip flops ar e J 1 = 1,
K 1 = 1, J 2 = Q1, K 2 = Q1.
Since V d  0
46. 1 k B memor y int er faced wi t h an 8-bi t
Apply K CL (K ir chhoff 's Cur r ent L aw) at
mi cr opr ocessor
(a)
I3 = I4 A 15 A 14 A 13 A 12 A 11 A 10 A 9 – – A0
X 1 0 1 1 0 0 – – 0
Va V a  Vo X 1 0 1 1 0 1 – – 1
=
100K 100K (3 t o 8 Decoder )
 V o = 2V a = 2 V b
Apply K CL (K ir chhoff 's Cur r ent L aw) at
(b)
I1 = I2 + IL
IL = I1 – I2

1  Vb Vb  V o
= 
10K 10K

1  2Vb  Vo 1
= =
10K 10K
22 SOLVED PAPER – 2016

I f A 15 = 0,  5800 H t o 5BFFH A  / 5 6 / 5
I f A 15 = 1,  D800H t o DBFFH =  t    t 0 
2  0
So, t h e addr ess r an ge(s) t h at get s
mapped on t o t his memor y ar e 5800H A     6  5  
=    0    
t o SBFFH and D800H t o DBFFH . 2   5  5 5 
47. Fr om given dat a :
A  2 
C1 = 110 pF =
2  5 
C2 = 20 pF
A 5
2f = 
n= 2 5 5
f
= 1 Volt .
2
C1  n C2 (110  4  20) So, t he value of V o is 1 volt .
Cd = 
n2  1 4 1 49. Fr om t he given dat a

(110  80) 30pF For 200 mV full scale range, 3 1 digit DMM
=  = 10 pF 2
3 3
Refer ence volt age (V r ef ) = 100 mV,
So t he dist r ibut ed capacit ance of t he coil
is 10 picofar ad. Fir st int egr at ion t ime (T 1) = 100 ms
Input voltage (Vin)
= (100 + 10 cos (100t)) mV
48. Conver sion t ime (T conv) = ?
We know
V in T 1 = V r ef T 2
100 mV  100 ms = 100 mV  T 2
 T 2 = 100 ms
 T conv = T 1 + T 2
= 100 ms + 100 ms
= 200 ms
So, t he conver sion t ime is 200 ms.

50.

/ 5 6 / 5
1  
Vo =  A dt  A dt 
2  0 
 
Wher e A = 5 V
6 / 5
1 
/ 5
 For 1C
= A  dt  A  dt
2  0  RT = 1000 (1 + 0.004) = 1004 
SOLVED PAPER – 2016 23

V + = – 2.5 Volt (by volt age division)

hc
For vir t ual shor t V + = V – 53. We know t hat E g =

Apply KCL (Kir chhoff Curr ent Law) at V –
H er e E g = Ener gy band gap
I1 = I2
h = Plank const ant
2.5  (5) Vo  (2.5) c = speed of light
=
1000 1004  = Wavel engt h
2.5  10– 3  1004 = V o + 2.5
4.13567  10 15  3  108
V o = 2.51 – 2.5 Eg =
620  109
V o = 10 mV
Sensit ivit y = 10 mV/C 12.4  107
= eV = 2eV
So, t he out put sensit ivit y is 10 mV/C. 6.2  107
51. Fr om given dat a, we have So, t h e en er gy ban d gap of a
Ar ea = 10 mm 2 semiconduct or mat er ial is 2eV.
Sensit ivit y = 0.5 A/W
sin 100t
I nt ensit y = 4 W/m 2 54. Signal m(t) =
100t
Phot odiode cur r ent
I p = Ar ea  sensit ivit y  I nt ensit y f m = 100  r ad = 50 H z
I P = 10 mm 2  0.5 A/W  4W/m 2 Fr equency deviat ion (f) = 30 kH z
= 10 10– 3)2  0.5  4A = 20  10– 6 A f 30K
I p = 20 A  = f  50 = 600
m
i t o v conver t er sensit ivit y is 100 mV/A
Bandwidt h (B.W.) = 2( + 1)f m
100mV = 2(600 + 1)50
So, V o =  20A = 2 Volt
A = 60.1 kH z
So, t he out put volt age is 2 volt . So, the bandwidth of t he modulated wave
is 60.1 kH z.
52. The velocit y of flow of wat er
55. Fr om given dat a
V= 2 gh Signal power = 3W

S  3.5  (3.5)
h =  m  1 Resolut ion () =  1 Volt
 S  23  1

h= 2 1
Quant izat ion noise power = 
12 12
 13534 
94.1  10 3   1 3
 1000  Signal t o noise r at io (SNR) =
1 / 12
h = 1.18 Si gnal t o noi se r at i o (dB) = 10l og36
V= = 15.56 dB
2  9.81  1.18
So, t he signal t o quant izat ion noise r at io
V = 4.81 m/sec
is 15.56 dB.
So, t h e v el oci t y of f l ow of w at er i s
4.81 m/sec. 