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Evolution of Computers: A Brief History

The document provides a history of computers from the 19th century to present day in 4 generations: 1) The first computer was developed in the 19th century by Charles Babbage, while the first modern electronic computer was built in 1943. 2) Computers evolved from room-sized machines using vacuum tubes to transistor-based machines and then integrated circuits. 3) The third generation saw the widespread adoption of integrated circuits, replacing transistors. 4) The fourth generation began in 1980 and is based on microprocessors, parallel processing, and artificial intelligence software. Today's small portable computers are far advanced from the early room-sized machines.

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Muhammad Sana
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69 views3 pages

Evolution of Computers: A Brief History

The document provides a history of computers from the 19th century to present day in 4 generations: 1) The first computer was developed in the 19th century by Charles Babbage, while the first modern electronic computer was built in 1943. 2) Computers evolved from room-sized machines using vacuum tubes to transistor-based machines and then integrated circuits. 3) The third generation saw the widespread adoption of integrated circuits, replacing transistors. 4) The fourth generation began in 1980 and is based on microprocessors, parallel processing, and artificial intelligence software. Today's small portable computers are far advanced from the early room-sized machines.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Sana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ASSIGNMENT

History of Computer

SUBMITTED TO: SIR YASIR


SUBMMITED BY: MUZAMMIL HABIB [BS PHY E]
[email protected]
History of Computer

The computer as we know it today had its beginning with a 19th century English mathematics
professor name Charles Babbage. It was called the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC). In
1943 an electronic computer name the Colossus was built for the military. With the passage of
time computer had changed their structure and size. First computer that was made, taking up
entire room but today computers are so small that we can take its own self anywhere.

There are four generations of Computer:

 Vacuum tube computer


 Mechanical Calculator
 Transistor Computer
 Integrated Circuits
 Microprocessor

Zero Generation:
A mechanical computer is built from mechanical components such as levers and gears,
rather than electronic components. The most common examples are adding machines and
mechanical counters, which use the turning of gears to increment output displays.

First Generation:
Vacuum Tubes (1940-1956) the first computer systems used vacuum tubes for circuitry
and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms

Second Generation:
A transistor computer, now often called a second generation computer, is a computer which
uses discrete transistors instead of vacuum tubes. A second generation of computers,
through the late 1950s and 1960s featured circuit boards filled with individual transistors
and magnetic core memory.

Third Generation:
The period of third generation was from 1965-1971. The computers of third generation
used Integrated Circuits (ICs) in place of transistors. A single IC has many transistors,
resistors, and capacitors along with the associated circuitry. The IC was invented by
Jack Kelby.

1
Fourth Generation:
The period of fourth generation is 1980-till date. In the fourth generation, VLSI
technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the
production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components.

This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence)


software. AI is an emerging branch in computer science, which interprets the means
and method of making computers think like human beings. All the high-level languages
like C and C++, Java, .Net etc., are used in this generation

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