‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪، 28‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ‪2010، 5‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ )‪ (Al-Mg‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬

‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻗﺎﺴﻡ ﻤﺤﺴﻥ*‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻜﺭﻴﻤﺔ ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل**‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﺍل ﻋﺯﺕ *‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻡ‪2009/ 2/ 25:‬‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻭل‪2009/9/3:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼﺼﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺤﺎﺴﻭﺒﻲ ﺒﻠﻐﺔ ﻓﻭﺭﺘﺭﺍﻥ ) ‪ (90‬ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻟﺒﻌﺩﻴﻥ)‪(2-D‬‬
‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ )‪ (Explicit Finite Difference Method‬ﻟﻤــﺴـﺒﻭﻜﺔ‬
‫) ‪ (Al-4.5%Mg‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺁﺫ ﺘﻡ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻭﺴﻤﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻋﺩﺩﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﺩﺨﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺒﻲ‪,‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﻪ ‪.‬ﺘﻡ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﻪ ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺴﺭﻉ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﻪ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺨﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻕ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ) ‪ o(200,70‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺩﺓ ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ )ﺍﻻﻟﻤﻨﻴﻭﻡ‪-‬‬
‫ﻤﻐﻨﻴﺴﻴﻭﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫ٍ ‪Study on Heat Transfer of (Al-Mg) Alloy Fabricated By‬‬
‫‪Centrifugal Casting‬‬
‫‪Abstract‬‬
‫‪A Fortran 90 computer program was build to study the heat transfer in two‬‬
‫‪dimensions (2-D) using explicit finite difference method for (Al-4.5%Mg) alloy.‬‬
‫‪This alloy was produced by horizontal centrifugal casting, the effect of rotational‬‬
‫‪speed on cooling rate and solidification thickness is investigated numerically,‬‬
‫‪using the experimental data. Microstructure and hardness of the produced casting‬‬
‫‪was investigated for different mold rotational speed, and different preheated mold‬‬
‫‪temperatures (70, 200 ) o C.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫‪ : F‬ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ‬
‫‪ : ρ L‬ﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌل ‪kg / m3‬‬
‫‪ : ρ S‬ﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ‪kg / m3‬‬
‫‪ : kL‬ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﺴﺎﺌل ‪W / m.k‬‬
‫‪ : k S‬ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﺼﻠﺏ ‪W / m.K‬‬
‫‪ : CpL‬ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﺎﺌل ‪J / kg.K‬‬
‫‪: CpS‬ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻠﺏ ‪J / kg.K‬‬
‫‪ : TL‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌل ‪°C‬‬
‫‪ : TS‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ‪°C‬‬
‫‪: L‬ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤﻨﺔ ‪J / kg‬‬
‫‪: ΤP‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺏ‬

‫* ﻗﺴﻡ ﻫﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ‪ /‬ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‬

‫** ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ‪ ,‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ /‬ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‬
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 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪، 28‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ‪2010، 5‬‬

‫ﻤﺘﻤﺎﺜﻠﺔ ]‪ .[4‬ﺘﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺴـﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜـﺯﻱ‬
‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻷﻨﺎﺒﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘ ﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼـﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﺼﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ ﻓـﻲ ﻗﺎﻟـﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻁﻴــﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻴــﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺴــﻁﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩﻨﻲ ﻴﺩﻭﺭ ﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﺤﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﻁﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘ ﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﻅﺭﺍ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﻤﺘـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ )‪ (Bimetallic‬ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺴﺒﻴﻜﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﺼﺒﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﻴﺯﺍﺕ ﺘﺒﺭﺯﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻭﻨﻬـﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺏ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘـﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﻨﺘـﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴـﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻌـﺎﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺍﻜﺒـﺔ ﻜﻤـﺎ ﻴﻤﻜـﻥ ﺇﻨﺘـﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺩﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻼﺤﺩﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ ﻴﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﻭﺯﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻏﺭﺍﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ ﻤﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ )‪ (40‬ﻁﻨﺎ ]‪.[5‬‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺼـﻭل ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫‪.3‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺃﺴﻁﺢ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﺨﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻭﺏ]‪ .[1‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﻴـﺭ ﻤﺴـﺘﻘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜـﺯﻱ ﻫـﻭ ﺃﻨﺘـﺎﺝ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻭﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﺒﺸـﻜل ﺍﺴـﻁﻭﺍﻨﻲ ﻓـﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ ﺨﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻴـﻭﺏ ﺍﺫ ﻴﻤﻜـﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﺘـﺏ ﻜﻤـﺎ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (1‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ‪ .‬ﺘﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (2‬ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘـﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻔﻬﻡ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ]‪. [7‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﻰ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴـﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴـــﺘﻌﺎﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺎﺴـــﻭﺏ ﻟﻨﻤﺫﺠـــﺔ‬
‫∂ ‪1‬‬ ‫‪∂T‬‬ ‫∂ ‪1‬‬ ‫‪∂T‬‬
‫‪( kr r‬‬ ‫‪)+ 2‬‬ ‫‪( kθ‬‬ ‫‪)+‬‬ ‫)‪(Modeling‬ﻭﻤﺤﺎﻜــﺎﺓ)‪(Simulation‬‬
‫‪r ∂r‬‬ ‫‪∂r‬‬ ‫‪r ∂θ‬‬ ‫‪∂θ‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫∂‬ ‫‪∂T‬‬ ‫‪∂T‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫‪(k‬‬ ‫)‪) + Q = ρcp( ).....(1‬‬
‫‪∂z ∂z‬‬ ‫‪∂t‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ‪ .‬ﺘﻁﺒﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺫﺠﺔ ﺒﻭﺴـﺎﻁﺔ‬
‫‪∂ 2T‬‬ ‫‪∂ 2T‬‬ ‫‪∂ 2T‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺴـﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒـﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺅ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺴﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫‪∂r 2‬‬ ‫‪r 2∂θ 2‬‬ ‫‪∂z2‬‬
‫‪1 ∂T‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻀﺒﻁ ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫) ‪.......... ... (2‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬
‫=‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠـﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘـﺔ‬
‫‪k‬‬ ‫‪α ∂t‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ]‪ . [2‬ﺘﻌﺩ ﻗـﻭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﺍﻷ ﺴﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﻨـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺸﻜل ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺒﻭﺒﺔ‪ .‬ﺘﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻟـﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍ ﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺼﺏ ﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺤﻭل ﻤﺤﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻙ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻋﻭﺍﻤل ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﺃﻤﺎ ﺃﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻤﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺨﻼل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺌﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ‪[7]:‬‬ ‫ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻗﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‪،‬‬
‫• ﺴــﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﻟــﺏ ﺍﻟﻁــﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻋﻨـﺩﻤﺎ ﺘﻜـﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻗﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ‬
‫• ﺍﻷﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺩﺨل ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ]‪ .[3‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘـﺔ ﻴﻤﻜـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﺠﻭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻷﻏﻠـﺏ‬

‫* ﻗﺴﻡ ﻫﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ‪ /‬ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‬

‫** ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ‪ ,‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ /‬ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‬
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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ )‪(Al-Mg‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪،28‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‪2010، 5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬

‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻋﺩﺩﻴﺎ‬ ‫• ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺠﻭﻴـﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟـﺏ‬

‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻫﻲ ﺍﺩﺨﺎل ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫• ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ)‪ (flow‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ ﺨـﻼل‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺒﻨـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺒﻠﻐﺔ)ﻓﻭﺭﺘﺭﺍﻥ ‪ ( 90‬ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ) ‪Finite‬‬ ‫• ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤـﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼـﺏ ﻭﺯﻤـﻥ‬
‫‪ (Difference Method‬ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨـﻼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺨـﻼل‬ ‫• ﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ‪ ,‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻲ ﺒـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺍﺤـل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻋﺩﺩﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﺩﺨﺎل ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ ﻭﺨﻭﺍﺼﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ـﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ـل ﺍﻟﺤـ‬
‫ـﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﻤـ‬ ‫ـﻡ ﺍﻫﻤـ‬‫• ﺘـ‬
‫ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒـﺅ ﺒﺎﻻﻨﻜﻤﺎﺸـﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﺼـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺼﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺠﻭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ]‪[9‬‬
‫• ﺘﻡ ﺍﻫﻤـﺎل ﺍﻻﺸـﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺤـﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻟﺩﺓ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤــﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺤﺴــﺎﺏ ﻨﺴــﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺴــﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ)‪ ( Solid Fraction‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺘـﺭﺍﻭﺡ‬ ‫ـﺔ‬
‫ـﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺯﻭﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴــ‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼــ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤـﺩ ﺁﺫ ﻴﻜـﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﻊ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴـﺎﺌﻠﺔ )‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﻟﻠﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤـﺩ ﻭﺜﺎﺒﺘـﺔ‬
‫ﺼﻔﺭ( ﺃﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﻓﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻟﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ)ﻭﺍﺤﺩ(‪ .‬ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫• ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺴـﺭ ﺍﻟﺼـﻠﺏ ‪(solid‬‬
‫ﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﻤﺭﻜـﺯ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫)‪ fraction‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ]‪.[10‬ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺩﺭﺠـﺔ ﺍﻟﺤـﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ـﻭﺭ) ‪( z‬‬ ‫ـﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﻤﺤـ‬ ‫ـل ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴـ‬‫• ﺘﻬﻤـ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺴﺎﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻁﺎﺓ ﺍﻟـﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻅﺭ ﺤﻭﻟﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﻟﻜل ﻋﻘﺩﺓ‬ ‫• ﺃﻫﻤﺎل ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ‬
‫ﻟﺫﺍ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻟﻜل ﻋﻘﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺼل ﺒـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ‪ ,‬ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﻭﺼﻭل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺠـﻭ ﺍﻟﺨـﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺒـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻗل ﻤﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼـﻠﺏ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺠﻤﺩﺕ ﺒﻔﻌل ﻗﻭﺓ‬ ‫• ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻨﺘﻘـﺎل ﺍﻟﺤـﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺩﺍﺨـل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻗـﺫﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻭﻴﻑ ﺍﻻﺴﻁﻭﺍﻨﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘـﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤـل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺍ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ)‪.(Natural convection‬‬
‫ﺒﺄﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ‪ .‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤل ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩﻱ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ ﺒﺸـﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﻡ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤـﺩﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ ]‪ .[9‬ﺘﻡ ﺃﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺨﻁﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻗـل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻪ ﺒﺄﺘﺠـﺎﻩ )‪(r and z‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺤﺘﺴﺒﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻜل ﻋﻘﺩﺓ ﻭﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻗل ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﺤـل‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺭﻗﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل )‪ . (1‬ﺍﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺎﺭﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺘﻡ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻨﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻟﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ـﺔ‬
‫ـﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻔﺯﻴﺎﺌﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴـ‬ ‫ﺤﺴـﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺨـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻅﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﻤﻌﺭﻓـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﺒﻴﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻜل ﻋﻘـﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘـﺩ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺯﻴﺎﺌﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻭﺭﺓ ﻟﻬﺎ] ‪. [ 8‬ﻭﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(2‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﺒﻴﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴـﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒـﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺒﻲ ﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺘﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ )‪(Al-Mg‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪،28‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‪2010، 5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬

‫ﺘﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬

‫‪ Τ − ΤS‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺀ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﻴـﺘﻡ ﺘﻬﻴﺌـﺔ‬ ‫‪F S = 1 − ‬‬ ‫) ‪ ....... (3‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀـﺤﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫‪ ΤL − ΤS‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ ,(3‬ﺁﺫ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ‪،‬‬ ‫) ‪k m = (1 − F S )k L + F S k S ......(4‬‬
‫ﺜﻡ ﺘﺜﺒﻴﺕ ﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺏ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻴﻀﻤﻥ ﺩﺨـﻭل‬ ‫ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺘﺠﻭﻴـﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟـﺏ‬ ‫) ‪Cp m = (1 − F S )Cp L + F S Cp S .........(6‬‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﺍﻨﺴﻴﺎﺒﻲ ﻭﺒﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺼل ﺍﻟﻐﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠـﻭﺩ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫) ‪ρ m = (1 − FS ) ρ L + F S ρ S ......(5‬‬
‫ﺃﺤﺩﻯ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒـﺎﺨﺭﺍﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ‪ ،‬ﺘـﻡ ﻁـﻼﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨل ﺒﻁﺒﻘﻪ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺠـﺩﺍ ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻗﺎﻟـﺏ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺤﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺍﻓﻴﺕ ﻟﺴﻬﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ]‪ .[6‬ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ) ‪ (7‬ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺜﺒﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌل ﺍﻟﻐـﺎﺯﻱ ﺒﻭﺴـﺎﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﺴﺒﺎﺌﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻭﺩ ﺘﺜﺒﻴﺕ ﻭﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺨﻴﻥ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ )‪ (200,70‬ﻡ‪ , o‬ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫)‪. [11](r ,Z‬‬
‫ﻤﺸﻌل ﻏﺎﺯﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺼﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺌﻙ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤـﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺴـﺨﻴﻥ‬ ‫‪ ∂ 2 Τ ∂ 2 Τ ∂Τ ‬‬
‫‪k 2 +‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‪+Q‬‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺴﺭﻉ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ )‪(1000,1500‬‬ ‫‪ ∂r‬‬ ‫‪∂Ζ 2 r ∂r ‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ‪ /‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) ‪5‬ﻭ‪ (4‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ ∂Τ‬‬ ‫‪∂Τ‬‬ ‫‪∂Τ ‬‬
‫ﺘﺴﺨﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻗﺒل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺼـﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺩﻥ‬ ‫‪ρCp ‬‬ ‫‪+ Vr‬‬ ‫‪+ VZ‬‬ ‫)‪.......... .(7‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫∂‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫∂‬ ‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪∂ Ζ ‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ ﻭﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺠـﺔ ﺤـﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻜﻪ ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺜﺒﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺴﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻜﻪ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼـﺔ‬
‫ﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﺃﺜﻨـﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﻟـﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﻫـﻲ ﺴـﺒﻴﻜﺔ)‪، (Al-4.5%Mg‬‬
‫) ‪. (5‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺼـﻬﺭ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻤﻌـﻴﻥ ﻤـﻥ ﺃﺴـﻼﻙ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻨﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜـﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻓﺭﻥ ﺼﻬﺭ ﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻲ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺼﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﻤﺼـﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ )‪ (700C°‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻨﺼﻬﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺴـﺨﻴﻨﻪ ﺇﻟـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻨﻴﻭﻡ ﺃﻀـﻴﻔﺕ ﻗﻁـﻊ ﺼـﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ )‪ o (200,70‬م ﻤـﻊ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺴﻴﻭﻡ )‪ (Mg‬ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻨﻘـﺎﻭﺓ )‪(%99‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺴﺭﻉ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻫﻲ )‪(1000,1500‬‬ ‫ﻤﻐﻠﻔﺔ ﺒﺭﻗﺎﺌﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻨﻴﻭﻡ ‪(Aluminum‬‬
‫‪ .‬ﺘﻡ ﺘﺼﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﻜﺎﻤﻴﺭﺍ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻴـﻪ‬ ‫)‪ foils‬ﻤﻊ ﺘﺤﺭﻴـﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼـﻬﺭ )ﻴـﺩﻭﻴﺎﹰ(‬
‫ﺃﻟﺩﻗﻪ ‪ ,‬ﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ ﻭﺩﺭﺠـﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻨﺼﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺴﻴﻭﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺒﻌـﺩﻫﺎ ﺘـﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤﻴﺭﺍ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺼﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺩﻗﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻥ ﻭﺘﻡ ﺼﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻲﺀ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ,‬ﻭﺘﻡ ﺭﺴﻡ ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻟﺏ ﻤﻌﺩﻨﻲ ﻤﺼـﻨﻭﻉ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻜل ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ‪.‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﺠـﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴـل ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤـﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼـﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺒﻴﻜﺔ ﻭﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟـﺏ ‪ ,‬ﺘـﻡ ﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺭﺍﺝ‬
‫ﺘﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻴﺩﻭﺭ ﻤﺩﺓ )‪ (2-1‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺜﻡ ﺘـﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺯﻴﺎﺌﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﺴـﺒﺎﺌﻙ‬
‫ﺇﻴﻘﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫ـﺏ ﻭﻴﻭﻀــﺢ ﺍﻟﺠــﺩﻭل ) ‪ (1‬ﻫــﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ]‪.[13,12‬‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ )‪(Al-Mg‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪،28‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‪2010، 5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬

‫ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ‪ .‬ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻱ ‪Microstructures‬‬

‫ـﺙ‪[14]Kang‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﻭﺼـل ﻟﻬـﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤـ‬ ‫ﺘــﻡ ﺍﺴــﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬــﺭ ﺍﻟﻀــﻭﺌﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻭﻥ ﺇﻥ ﺴـﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ)‪ (Carl Sizess‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤـﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻜـﺎﻤﻴﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﺘﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺎ ﻤـﻊ ﺯﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ‪,‬ﻭﺒﻌـﺩ ﺍﺠـﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻌـﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺼـﻘل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ‪ .‬ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﺒﻤﺤﻠـﻭل)‪ ,(0.5%HF‬ﻟﻐـﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻜـل‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻘﺩﺓ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﺤﺩﺒـﺩ ﺩﺭﺠـﻪ ﺤـﺭﺍﺭﻩ ﺘﺠﻤـﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ )‪ (1500,1000‬ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ‪/‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺜﻲ ﺩﺭﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﻤﻌﺭﻓﻪ ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟـﺏ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﺭﺴﻡ ﺨﻁ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺩﺭﺠـﺔ ﺤـﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﻴﻭﺍﺯﻱ ﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ـﻼﺩﺓ ‪Hardness‬‬ ‫ـﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺼـــ‬ ‫ﻗﻴـــ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ ﻤﻊ ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫‪Measurement‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺯﻤـﻥ ﺘﺠﻤـﺩ‬ ‫ـﻼﺩﺓ ‪Hardness‬‬ ‫ـﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺼـــ‬ ‫ﻗﻴـــ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻟﻜل ﺴﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪Measurement‬‬
‫ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺍﻥ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘـﺩﺓ )‪)(r=0.45‬‬ ‫ﺘﻡ ﺃﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺜل ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻼﻤﺱ ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻓﻴﻜﺭﺯ ﺒﺎﺴـﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺠﻬـﺎﺯ ﻓﻴﻜـﺭﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺒﻭﺏ ﻭﺴﻁﺢ ﻗﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺴـﺒﺎﻜﺔ(‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺤﻤل ‪ 0.5‬ﻜﻐـﻡ ﺒـﺯﻤﻥ ﺘﺴـﻠﻴﻁ‬
‫ﻻﻴﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ )‪ (0.1‬ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺴﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫‪10‬ﺜﻭﺍﻨﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬
‫‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟـﻙ ﻴﺭﺠـﻊ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﻤﻌﺎﻤـل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ) ‪ (8‬ﻭﺘﻜﺭﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻁـﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟـﺏ ﺁﺫ ﻴـﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻋﻨـﺩ ﻤﻼﻤﺴـﺔ‬
‫)‪HV=1.854(P/D2)………. (8‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺫ ﺍﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﺃﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻓﺭﺍﻁ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻨﺘﻴﺠـﺔ‬
‫‪: HV‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ‬
‫‪ : P‬ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ‪kg‬‬
‫ﻭﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻨﻲ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴـﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻟـﻰ‬
‫‪ : D‬ﻗﻁﺭ ﺍﻻﺜﺭ )ﻤﻠﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﺩﺓ ﺒﺴﻤﻙ ﻗﻠﻴل ﺍ)ﻗﺸﺭﻩ( ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ )‪ (r=0.44‬ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺯﻤـﻥ‬ ‫‪ .4‬ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﻌـﺩل‬
‫ﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻴﻘل ﻤﻊ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟـﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻭﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻤـﺎﺒﻴﻥ )‪(0.4-0.7‬‬
‫ﻴﻭﻀــﺢ ﺍﻟﺸــﻜل) ‪(6‬ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺯﻴــﻊ‬
‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻁﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻼﻤﺱ ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺴـﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺒﻭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻀـﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺒﻭﻜﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻙ ﻋﺎﻤﻼﻥ ﻴﺅﺜﺭﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ )‪ (r=0.36,0.42,0.44,0.45‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻭل ﻫﻭ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴل‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺃﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻗﺎﻟـﺏ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﺼـﻠﺏ‬
‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺘﺩﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ)‪ (H13‬ﻭﺃﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺴـﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺤـﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔــﺔ ﻟﻘﺎﻟــﺏ ﺍﻟﺴــﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﻫــﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ )ﻫﻭﺍﺀ( ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻨﺘﻘـﺎل‬ ‫)‪ (1500,1000‬ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ‪ /‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺁﺫ ﻴﻼﺤﻅ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼـﻬﺭﺓ ﻋﺒـﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺘﻨﺨﻔﺽ ﻤﻊ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺨـﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻘﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺃﻱ ﻟﺤﻅﺔ ﺯﻤﻨﻴـﺔ ‪ .‬ﻤﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﻘﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤـﺔ‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ )‪(Al-Mg‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪،28‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‪2010، 5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ )‪ (r=0.42‬ﻴﻘل ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻌـﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﻗﺸﺭﺓ ﺠﺎﻤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴـﺒﻭﻜﺔ‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻨﺒﻌﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻤﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨ ﻠﻲ)ﺃﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘـﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻷﺴـﻔل‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻴﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻟـﺏ‬
‫ﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ‪.‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻴﻘل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼل ﺃﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺴـﻤﻴﺭ ﺨﻠـﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟـﺏ ﻭﻴﺘـﺭﺍﻭﺡ‬
‫]‪ . [15‬ﺍﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﺴـﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ )‪ (1-1.7‬ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ ﺒﻔﻌل ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺘﺠﻤـﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘـﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺠﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺴـﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫)‪ (r=0.36‬ﻴﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ )‪ (3-4.3‬ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺴﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‪ .‬ﺃﻥ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ‬
‫ـﺔ‬
‫ـﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴـ‬ ‫ﺘـﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺴـﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﺁﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﺎﻤـل ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼـﻴل‬
‫ﺘﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻻﺸﻜﺎل) ‪ (8‬ﻭ) ‪ (9‬ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻗﻠﻴل ﺠﺩﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴـﺅﺜﺭ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ )‪ (Al-4.5%Mg‬ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻤـل ﺍﻟﺤـﺭﺍﺭﻱ )‪(convection‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺒﻌﺎﺩ )‪ (r=3.6&4&4.4‬ﺴﻡ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻟﻠﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ‪ .‬ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ‪ ,‬ﻤﻨﺘﺼـﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺒﻭﻜﺔ‬ ‫)‪(9‬ﻭ )‪ (10‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ـﺭﻉ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ـﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ‪ ,‬ﻋﻨـﺩ ﺴـ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴـﻁﺢ ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻉ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ )‪ (1000,1500‬ﺩﻭﺭﺓ‪/‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ‪,‬‬
‫)‪ (1500,1000‬ﺩﻭﺭﺓ‪ /‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ‪.‬ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺏ)‪ (Fg‬ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺠـﺩﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻘﺩﺓ )‪ (r=4.4‬ﺴﻡ) ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺜـل‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻘﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ)‪ (Fc‬ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ( ﻤﻥ ﺤﺒﻴﺒـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ ﺇﻫﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﺩ)‪ (α‬ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ) ‪(Inter‬‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻤﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ‬
‫‪ Al2Mg3 metallic compound‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﺩ‪.‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬
‫ـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨــﺎﻤﺞ‬‫ـﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒــﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﺴـ‬ ‫ﺤﺠـ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل) ‪(7‬ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤـﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺒﻲ )‪ .(S-Image‬ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺍﻥ ﺤﺠـﻡ‬
‫ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﺃﺼﻐﺭ‬ ‫) ‪FC = m × r × ω 2 .......... ..........(9‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺤﺠﻡ ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟـﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ ﻟـﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫) ‪F g = m × g .......... .......... ........(10‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴــﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﻭﻟﺠﻤﻴــﻊ ﺴــﺭﻉ ﺍﻟــﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﻭﺭ)‪(r‬ﻟﻠﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻴﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟـﻙ ﺇﻟـﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻨــﺩ ﺍﺴــﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺴــﺭﻉ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔــﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ‬
‫ﻫﻲ )‪ (1500,1000,100‬ﺩﻭﺭﺓ‪ /‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺒﻌـﺩ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﻤــﺭﻭﺭ ﻓﺘــﺭﺍﺕ ﺯﻤﻨﻴــﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔــﺔ ﻫــﻲ‬
‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) ‪ ،( 6‬ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﻊ‬
‫)‪ (2.5,5,7.5,10,‬ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ‪ .‬ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺠﺩﺍ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺘـﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻤﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻠـﻭﺭﻱ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘـﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻤﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠـﺔ ﻋﻨـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻔﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﺴـﺒﺏ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻴﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺴـﻤﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻤﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﺘﺠﻤﺩﺓ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻴﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺒﺏ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﺫ ﺘﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﺤـﺩﻭﺩ‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ )‪(Al-Mg‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪،28‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‪2010، 5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬

‫‪ (10‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻌﻘـﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺎﻗﺔ ﺤﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺨﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ‪،‬‬
‫‪.‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺘﻘﻠﻴل ﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺎﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻤﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﺤﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺨﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) ‪.(6‬ﺍﻥ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ‪.‬ﺍﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ )‪ (r=4‬ﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺜـل‬
‫ﺘﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺴـﺭﻋﺔ ﻗـﺫﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓـﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻁـﻭﺭ )‪ (α‬ﺒﺤﺠـﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺠﻭﻡ ﺤﺒﻴﺒـﺎﺕ ﺼـﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺠﻭﻡ ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺨـﺎﺭﺠﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻤﺘﻠﻙ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻔﺴﺭ ﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻥ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺴﺏ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺴـﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺭﺴﺏ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﺏ ﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﻭﻜﻤـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﻌﺩ )‪ (r=4.4‬ﺴـﻡ ﻋـﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) ‪.(10‬‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﻤﻌـﺩل‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ ‪Conclusion‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻗل ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﺩل‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﺼﻠﺔ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺴـﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ـﺎﻟﻲ‬‫ـﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘـ‬
‫ـﺩﺓ )‪ (4.4‬ﺴـ‬ ‫ـﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴـ‬
‫ﻤﺎﻴﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴـﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺤﺠـﻭﻡ‬
‫• ﻟﻘﻭﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺴـﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻁـﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭ ﻗﻠﻴل ‪ ,‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﻫﺫﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ـﻲ‬‫ـﺢ ﻓـ‬ ‫ـﺎ ﻤﻭﻀـ‬ ‫ـل ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﻤـ‬‫ـﻼﺩﺓ ﺃﻗـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼـ‬
‫• ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺴـﺒﺎﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل)‪ .(10‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ )‪ (r=3.6‬ﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ـﺔ‬
‫ـﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴـ‬‫ـﺯﻱ ﻋﻠـ‬ ‫ـﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜـ‬ ‫ﺒـ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴـﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠـﺔ ﺍﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺠـﻡ‬
‫ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﻁﻭﺭ)‪ (α‬ﻭﺘﺘﺭﺴﺏ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻜﺒﻴـﺭﺓ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻨﻴـﺔ ﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴـﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻭﺭﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺒﺏ‬
‫ﺤﺠﻭﻡ ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﺼﻐﺭ ﻤـﻥ ﺤﺠـﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻲ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻼﺤﻅ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻴـﺔ ﻟﺘﺠﻤـﺩ‬
‫• ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺴـﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺨـﺎﺭﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﻌﺩ )‪ (3.6‬ﺴﻡ ﻋـﻥ ﻤﺤـﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺴـﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻻﺨﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ ﻟﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺒﻭﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺴـﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ‬
‫ﺼﻐﺭ ﺤﺠﻡ ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺭﺠﻲ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺤﺠﻡ ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ ﺘﻤﺘﻠﻙ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﺍﻗل ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭﺴـﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟـﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﻤﺘﻠـﻙ ﺒﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌـﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴـﺩ ﻟﻠﻤﺴـﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺤﺒﻴﺒـﺎﺕ ﺼـﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺠـﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﺯﻯ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺼﻐﺭ ﻤﺴـﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤـﺩﻭﺩ‬
‫• ﺒﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺴـﺒﺎﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻠل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜـﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺨﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺫﻟـﻙ ﻭﻓـﻕ ﻨﻅﺭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺤـﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪ Pich-Hall‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺸـﻴﺭ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﺍﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻟـﻙ‬
‫ﺴﺭﻴﻊ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻻﻴﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ ﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﺎﺌﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺯﻤﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻭﺭﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ]‪ ، [16‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻔﺴﺭ ﺍﻻﺨـﺘﻼﻑ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸـﻜل )‬

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 (Al-Mg) ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ‬ 2010، 5‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬،28‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬،‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬

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[15]‫ﺳ ﻤﯿﺮ ﺧﻠ ﻒ "دراﺳ ﺔ ﺧ ﻮاص اﻟﻤ ﻮاد‬- [8]-Steven,M.,Dalguer, "Comparison
‫ذات أﺳ ﺎس اﻟﻤﻨﯿ ﻮم ﻣﻨﺘﺠ ﺔ‬-‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒ ﺔ‬ of Finite Difference and
‫ﺑﺴ ﺒﺎﻛﺔ اﻟﻄ ﺮد اﻟﻤﺮﻛ ﺰي" اﻃﺮوﺣ ﺔ‬ Boundary Integral Solutions to
‫ ﻗﺴ ﻢ‬, ‫ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌ ﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿ ﺔ‬,‫ﻣﺎﺟﺴ ﺘﯿﺮ‬ Three- Dimensional
.‫ ﺑﻐ ﺪاد‬,‫ اﻟﻌﺮاق‬,‫ھﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﺎج واﻟﻤﻌﺎدن‬ Spontaneous Rupture ",
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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ )‪(Al-Mg‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪،28‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‪2010، 5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬

‫ﺟﺪول) ‪ ( 1‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺨﻮاص اﻟﻔﯿﺰﯾﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ ﻟﺴﺒﯿﻜﺔ )‪.[13,12] (Al-4.5%Mg‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪات‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻮاص‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﺰ‬

‫‪kg / m‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2354‬‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫‪ρL‬‬
‫‪kg / m‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2526‬‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫‪ρS‬‬
‫‪W / m.k‬‬ ‫‪63‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫‪kL‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮاري‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫‪W / m.K‬‬ ‫‪139‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫‪kS‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮاري‬
‫ﻟﻠﺼﻠﺐ‬
‫‪J / kg.K‬‬ ‫‪1220‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫‪CpL‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﻮﻋﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫‪J / kg.K‬‬ ‫‪1190‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫‪CpS‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﻮﻋﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺼﻠﺐ‬
‫‪°C‬‬ ‫‪633‬‬ ‫درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة‬ ‫‪TL‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫‪°C‬‬ ‫‪542‬‬ ‫درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة‬ ‫‪TS‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬
‫‪J / kg‬‬ ‫‪389000‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫‪L‬‬
‫اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ‬
‫‪°C‬‬ ‫‪640‬‬ ‫درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة‬ ‫‪ΤP‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ )‪(Al-Mg‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪،28‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‪2010، 5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪( 1‬ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺼﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪ (2‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﺧﻄﻮات اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﻔﺮوﻗﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ )‪(Al-Mg‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪،28‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‪2010، 5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (4‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﺴﺨﯿﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻟﺐ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺪء‬

‫ﺸﻜل)‪ (3‬ﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺼﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﺪن ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪(5‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺴﺴﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ ﻟﻘﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﺴﺒﺎﻛﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮد اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي‪.‬‬

‫‪650‬‬ ‫‪650‬‬

‫‪N=100 r.p.m.‬‬ ‫‪Al-4.5%M g‬‬ ‫‪N=1 00 r.p.m.‬‬

‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪N=1000 r.p.m.‬‬
‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪r=0.40 cm‬‬ ‫‪N=1 00 0 r.p.m .‬‬
‫‪N=1500 r.p.m.‬‬ ‫‪N=1 50 0 r.p.m .‬‬

‫‪550‬‬ ‫‪Al-4.5%Mg‬‬
‫‪550‬‬
‫‪r=0.35 cm‬‬

‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬
‫‪Temp. C‬‬

‫‪Temp. C‬‬

‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪450‬‬ ‫‪450‬‬

‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬

‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪Al-‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪Al-4.5%Mg‬‬

‫‪4.5%Mg‬‬ ‫‪r=4.0cm‬‬
‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬

‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪Time Sec‬‬ ‫‪Time Sec‬‬

‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ )‪(Al-Mg‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪،28‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‪2010، 5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬

‫‪650‬‬ ‫‪550‬‬

‫‪Al-4 .5%M g‬‬ ‫‪N=1 00 r.p.m.‬‬

‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪r=0.44 cm‬‬ ‫‪N=1 00 0 r.p.m .‬‬
‫‪N=1 50 0 r.p.m .‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬

‫‪550‬‬

‫‪450‬‬
‫‪500‬‬
‫‪Temp. C‬‬

‫‪Temp. C‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪450‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬

‫‪400‬‬
‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪Al-‬‬
‫‪Al-4.5%Mg‬‬
‫‪Al-4.5%Mg‬‬ ‫‪4.5%Mg‬‬
‫‪r=0.45 cm‬‬
‫‪350‬‬
‫‪r=4.4cm‬‬ ‫‪N=100 r.p.m.‬‬
‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪N=1000 r.p.m.‬‬
‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪N=1500 r.p.m.‬‬

‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪Time Sec‬‬ ‫‪Time Sec‬‬

‫‪c‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ)‪ (6‬ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ دوران ﻗﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﻄﺮد اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻮﻛﺔ )‪(Al-4.5%Mg‬‬

‫‪700‬‬ ‫‪700‬‬

‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬

‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬

‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬
‫‪Temp. C‬‬

‫‪Temp. C‬‬

‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬

‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫‪AI-4.5%Mg‬‬ ‫‪AI-4.5%Mg‬‬
‫‪N=1500 r.p.m.‬‬ ‫‪N=100 r.p.m.‬‬
‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬

‫‪Time=2.5 Sec‬‬ ‫‪Time=2.5 Sec‬‬

‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪time=5.0 Sec‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪time=5.0 Sec‬‬
‫‪time=7.5 Sec‬‬ ‫‪time=7.5 Sec‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪time=10 Sec‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪time=10 Sec‬‬

‫‪-100‬‬ ‫‪-100‬‬

‫‪0.035‬‬ ‫‪0.04‬‬ ‫‪0.045‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0.055‬‬ ‫‪0.035‬‬ ‫‪0.04‬‬ ‫‪0.045‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0.055‬‬
‫‪r m‬‬ ‫‪r m‬‬

‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ)‪ (7‬اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﺪوران ودرﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻮﻛﺔ)‪(Al-4.5%Mg‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺳﺮﻋﺔ دوران‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ زﻣﻦ ﺗﺠﻤﺪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ )‪(Al-Mg‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪،28‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‪2010، 5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬

‫اﻟﻄﻮر اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫‪α‬‬

‫‪100‬‬
‫‪µm‬‬

‫‪α‬‬

‫اﻟﻄﻮر اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫‪100µm‬‬
‫‪11‬‬

‫اﻟﻄﻮر اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫‪α‬‬
‫‪100µm‬‬
‫‪111‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ) ‪ (8‬اﻟﺒﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﮭﺮﯾﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻮﻛﺔ )‪ (Al-4.5%Mg‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﺪوران ﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ دوران‬
‫)‪ (1000‬دورة ‪ /‬دﻗﯿﻘﺔ‪ : a .‬اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ‪ :b،‬ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺒﻮﻛﺔ ‪: c،‬اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ )‪(Al-Mg‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪،28‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‪2010، 5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬

‫اﻟﻄﻮر اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫‪α‬‬

‫اﻟﻄﻮر اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫‪α‬‬
‫‪100 µm‬‬ ‫‪100 µm‬‬
‫‪111111‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫)‪(a‬‬ ‫)‪(b‬‬

‫‪α‬‬

‫اﻟﻄﻮر اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪100 µm‬‬

‫‪111111‬‬
‫)‪(c‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ) ‪ (9‬اﻟﺒﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﮭﺮﯾﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻮﻛﺔ )‪ (Al-4.5%Mg‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﺪوران‬
‫ﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ دوران )‪ (1500‬دورة ‪ /‬دﻗﯿﻘﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ‪ ، a-‬ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺒﻮﻛﺔ ‪ ، b-‬اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ‪.c-‬‬

‫‪160‬‬
‫‪150‬‬
‫ﺳ ﺮﻋﺔ دوران ‪ 1000‬دورة‪/‬دﻗﯿﻘﺔ‬
‫‪140‬‬ ‫ﺳ ﺮﻋﺔ دوران ‪ 1500‬دورة‪ /‬دﻗﯿﻘﺔ‬

‫‪130‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻼدة ‪HV‬‬

‫‪120‬‬
‫‪110‬‬
‫‪100‬‬
‫‪90‬‬
‫‪80‬‬
‫‪70‬‬
‫‪60‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3.5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4.5‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﺪوران ﺳ ﻢ‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ) ‪ (10‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﺻﻼدة ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻛﺔ )‪ (Al-4.5%Mg‬ﻋﻨﺪ أﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺳﺮع دوران )‪ (1500,1000‬دورة ‪ /‬دﻗﯿﻘﺔ‬

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