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Example Probyyylem Group 7

The document contains examples of calculating evaporation using different methods. The first section shows calculating lake evaporation using the mass transfer method given temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity. The second section similarly uses the mass transfer method to calculate potential evaporation from observed data. Further sections provide examples of calculating evaporation using the Penman equation, empirical method, water balance method, and direct measurement from a Class A pan.

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Zaellan Ken
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
52 views6 pages

Example Probyyylem Group 7

The document contains examples of calculating evaporation using different methods. The first section shows calculating lake evaporation using the mass transfer method given temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity. The second section similarly uses the mass transfer method to calculate potential evaporation from observed data. Further sections provide examples of calculating evaporation using the Penman equation, empirical method, water balance method, and direct measurement from a Class A pan.

Uploaded by

Zaellan Ken
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mass Transfer method

1.) Determine lake evaporation for a month in which


– average temperature = 20°C,
– average wind speed at 8 m = 15 km/h=9.32mile/hr
– average relative humidity is 50%

Solution
Saturated vapor pressure above water surface
Air temperature above surface ≈ water temperature = 15 °C
Vapor pressure at height of 8 m
−4278.6
8 ( 20+242.79 )
e s=2.7489× 10 e

es(20 °C) = 23.3 mb

e = RH es = 0.5×23.3 = 11.7 mb
E=0.0269 (1+ 0.1u ) ( e s −e a )

¿ 0.0269[ 1+0.1 ( 9.32 ) ](17−11.7)

¿ 0 .275 cm/day

2.) .) On 24 January 2013, the observed climate data at Austin


Bergstrom Airport data are: temperature 17°C, relative humidity
83%,and wind speed 2.013 mile/hr. Determine the potential evaporation
by Mass Transfer Method

Solution:
−4278.6
8 ( 17+242.79 )
e s=2.7489× 10 e

es(17 °C) = 19.34 mb

e = RH es = 0.83×19.34 = 16.05 mb
E=0.0269 (1+ 0.1u ) ( e s −e a )

¿ 0.0269[1+0.1(2.013)](19.34−16.05)

¿ 0.106 cm/day

Penman Equation
1.) Estimate daily evaporation using Penman’s formula with the
following
data:Ta=32.2°C, u=20 mi/hr, RH=30%, Rn=400 cal/cm²-day.
SOLUTION:
−4278.6
2.7489 ×10 8 × 4278.6 ( 32.2+242.79 )
∆=
(( 32.2+242.79 )2
e
)
∆=2.72 mb/° C
−4278.6
8 ( 32.2+242.79 )
e s=2.7489× 10 e
e s=48.1 mb
e a=( 0.3 )( 48.1 )
e a=14.43 mb

Le =597.3−0.57(32.2)
Le =579 cal / g
Ea =( 1× 579 ) ¿
Ea =¿1574.64 cal/cm²-day

E= ( ∆+∆ γ )( R )+( ∆+γ γ )( E )


n a

2.72 0.66
E=( 2.72+0.66 )( 400 )+( 2.72+0.66 ) ( 1574.64 )
cal 1
c m −day 579 )
(
E=629.37 2

cm
E=1. 09
day
2.) On 24 January 2013, the observed climate data at Austin Bergstrom
Airport data are: temperature 17°C, relative humidity 83%,Net radiation
107 cal/cm²-f-day and wind speed 2.013 mile/hr. Determine the
potential evaporation by Penman Equation.

Solution:
−4278.6
2.7489 ×10 8 × 4278.6 ( 17+242.79 )
∆=
( ( 17+242.79 )2
e
)
∆=1.226 mb/° C
−4278.6
8 ( 17+242.79 )
e s=2.7489× 10 e
e s=19.34 mb
e a=( 0.83 )( 19.34 )
e a=16.05 mb

Le =597.3−0.57(17)
Le =587.61 cal /g
Ea =( 1× 587.61 ) ¿
Ea =¿62.47 cal/cm²-day

E= ( ∆+∆ γ )( R )+( ∆+γ γ )( E )


n a

1.226 0.66
E=( 1.226+0.66 )( 107 )+( 1.226+0.66 )( 62.47 )
cal 1
c m −day 587.61 )
(
E=91.42 2

E=0.156 cm/day

Empirical Method

1.) A reservoir with a surface area of 250hectares had the


following average values of parameters during a week :
water temperature = 20o C, relative humidity = 40% wind
velocity at 1.0 m above ground = 16km/h. Estimate the
average daily evaporation from the lake and volume of
water Evaporated from the lake during that one week
Solution :
ew = 17.54 mm of Hg
ea = 0.40 x 17.54 = 7.02 mm of Hg
u9 = wind velocity at a height of 9.0 m above ground
u1 = 16 km/h
u9 = ?

uh = C (h) 1/7
uh = C (1) 1/7 = 16 km/h
u9/u1 = C ((9) 1/7) / C ((1) 1/7)
u9 = u1 (9) 1/7 = 16 (9) 1/7 = 21.9 km/h
By Meyer’s formula
E = 0.36 (17.54 – 7.02) (1 + 21.9/16) = 8.97 mm/day
Evaporated volume in 7 days = 7 x 8.97/1000 x 250
x10000 = 157,000 m3

Water Balance Method


1.) For an area the annual precipitation is 1300 mm/year and
annual evapotranspiration is 800 mm/year. What is the average
runoff if there is no storage during the year?

P = R + E + change in S
∆=P-R-E
∆=1300-0-800
∆=500 mm/year
Direct Measurement
1.) The following are mean daily pan evaporation
measurements (in./day) from Class A pan. Assuming a
pan coefficient of 0.68, estimate the evaporation rate from
dam in unit of depth.
Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Epan 0.22 0.26 0.25 0.28 0.26 0.21 0.22

Solution:
0.22+0.26+0.25+ 0.28+ 0.26+0.21+0.22
Ave Epan = 7
Ave Epan = 0.2429
E = Epan x Kpan
E= 0.2429 (0.68)
E = 0.1652 in./day

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