Dasmariñas Integrated High School – Senior High

Congressional Rd. Burol Main

City of Dasmariñas
Humanities and Social Sciences

“The Voting Preference of Selected Barangay Voters in the city of

Dasmariñas for the 2018 Barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan Election
S.Y. 2018-2019”

Kenneth Ruzzel Abad

Mark Ryan Chavez

Crisanto Manalo

Elaine Bandelaria

Jazelle Barcellano

Rosenda Madriaga

Kyla Janine Palattao

Janine Robosa
 CHAPTER 1

PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter introduces the nature of the study which contains the introduction

and the problem of the study.

INTRODUCTION

Election is a method of choosing leaders of making decisions by a process of

voting. Ancient times had a system of elections in which all citizens could vote. With the

birth of modern democracy, elections have become a universal way of choosing

legislative representatives and government leaders and are standard practice in many

public and private organizations.

In Philippine context, election, although there are some qualifications to be

considered, is an innate right in every Filipino citizen and is a chance for them to

change his/her country’s future and somehow becomes a channel for them to voice out

their opinions and grievances.

Election is a process which involves the participation of every Filipino to show

their freedom of expression. As a process, it starts with the filling on the certificate of

candidacy. And then, campaign and other strategies will eventually follow like

motorcades and distribution of different campaign paraphernalia to the electorate. The

second step is where the actual voting takes place. Balloting, the actual process of
voting may be done in a variety of ways. This is where people go to their respective

precinct to cast their votes. The last step is the canvassing and polling of the votes

wherein the votes are counted and tabulated. Since our country is a democratic nation,

majority wins. The decision of the majority is considered and prioritized.

Governing election should be systematic since it is for the system of the society;

economically and politically. Every election period there are specific persons and

organizations assigned to facilitate the peace and order of the election. As a

government representative, the Commission on Election or COMELEC is the head

organization which organizes what are to be prepared during election (e.g. ballots, ballot

boxes, poll watchers and canvassers during the election period). Election is a

collaborative activity, and it is the responsibility of every voter to vote responsibly.

Specifically, in a family, it is the parent’s job to guide their children to vote for their own

choices and to vote wisely.

In order for a person to run in public office, the person must have the

qualifications that would meet the desired position and would meet to the standards of a

good leader. The basic qualifications for a person to run in a barangay position are;

must be a natural born Filipino citizen, must be 18 years old or above before the

election, registered voter in his/her barangay he/she wants to serve and a resident on

his/her barangay for 1 year or above before the election. It is not enough that the

qualifications mentioned above are the only one to be considered in choosing a

candidate. The electorate must also look at the attributes of the candidate as a leader

and as an individual.
 In electing a politician, a voter should consider the assessment of candidates

when it comes to their attributes. It is important to consider the attributes or

characteristics of a candidate because it is where you would see if a candidate is worthy

to be voted as a leader. It will also be a determinant if a voter is a responsible voter if

the person knows how to look at the attributes of a candidate, and not only influenced

by the other people, bribed by material things and not influenced by persuasive

advertisements which promotes popularity among candidates. Insufficient leaders and

false leadership are inevitable in every government. One reason of their existence in the

administration is the use of power for personal gain and that is what we call corruption.

It is the reason why there is always a question between the borderline of patrimony and

the use of public office for personal interest.

Preference plays a big role influencing the electorate’s voting when election

period comes. Through their personal needs, experiences and the environment they are

living, the electorate’s point of view changes with what they see, hear and feel. Other

events that could trigger the electorate’s perception are events in the family, daily living

within their community, and in classroom discussions. These events alter the

electorate’s point of view and thus influence their choice in voting political leaders.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The general objective of this study is to determine the voting preferences of

barangay and sangguniang kabataan election voters last May 2018.

Specifically, we are aiming to know:

1. Profile of the respondents

A. Age

B. Sex

C. Occupation

D. Salary/income

2. The significant difference between the voting preferences of three clusters of

voters

HYPHOTHESIS

There is no significant difference in voting preferences between the three clusters

of voters.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The following will be the beneficiary of the study:

 Voters – for they will gain more knowledge about voting and Philippine election

and also they will know the essence or the importance of voting in their life

 Incoming voters – they will know the right process that happens during elections

and what attitudes should possessed on choosing the right leaders who will lead

their community in the future.

 Prospective Barangay Candidates – for they will get idea what the electorates

considers in choosing a candidate to be voted

 Political Researchers – for they might get some insights of the electorate on

voting political leaders on power and analyze it

 Future Researchers – for this study might be a reference in the future and a good

source of Review of Related Literature for those who are interested in the study

and formulate a good study in the future.

 Community – for they will know the important of politics and the importance of

voting ang the people become good citizens in their community.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

This study will compose the voters aging 15-60 years old registered in randomly

selected 10 barangays around city of Dasmarinas. The respondents were composed of

15 voters, 5 voters per class (the voters of Barangay only, Sangguniang Kabataan only,

and the Barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan voters). This study was quantitative

research and used survey method and data analysis, done every weekend and started

in the month of June and expected to be done on the month of September.

Theoretical Framework

In order to guide the study, the researchers banked on the Rational Theory that

was all about a theory on economics that is also applied to criminology. The theory can

be related in different topic. But in this study, the researchers used the theory as the

foundation for their study. This theory, also known as the Choice Theory or Rational

action Theory is a framework for understanding and often formally modelling social and

economic behaviour.

This theory assumes that an individual has preferences among the available

choice alternatives that allow then to state which option they prefer. These preferences

all assumed to be compete (the person can always say which of two alternatives they

consider preferable or that neither is preferred to the other) the rational agent is

assumed to take account of available information, probabilities of event, and potential

costs and benefits determining preferences , and to act consistently in choosing self-

determined best choice of action .

 According to William Stanley Jevon, assume that agents make consumptions

choices so as maximize their happiness. Or ability contemporary theory bases rational

choice in a set of choice axioms that need to be satisfied, and typically does not specify

where the goal (preferences, desires) comes from. It mandates just a consistent ranking

of the alternatives individuals choose the best action according to their personal

preference and the constraints facing them.

Rational choice theorists do not claim that the theory describes the choice

process, but rather that is predicted the outcome and pattern of choices. This theory has

become increasingly employed in social sciences other than economic, such as

sociology, evolutionary theory and political science in recent decades.

The rational choice approach allows preferences to be represented as real

valued utility functions. Economic decision making then becomes a problem of

maximizing this utility function. . It provides a compact theory that makes empirical

predictions with relatively sparse model just a description of the agent’s objectives and

constraints.
 Actions

Believes about possible

action opportunities and
Interest
their effects

Information

Conceptual Framework
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Voting

Daily Living
Wants

Background of the
candidates
 According to the framework above, the researchers are showing the flow as to

how they see the way that the voters choose their candidates. There are two either

ways on how the voters were able to decide on who they will vote; first is base their

daily living. To how a particular candidate will be able to help them through the span of

the candidate’s leading, and second, is through their individual belief that the candidate

will be able to cover all the work needed to do.

Through direct application, the researchers believe that the Rational Choice Theory is

the most applicable theory for this study. It focuses on how people decide on whom and

why they will vote; and they were not influenced by others as to how they will be voting

that candidate.
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter is contained of literatures that are related to the study. Applicable

principles and idea from different articles and journals were taken into account to give

insights and depths to the study.

Philippine Election

The history of the Philippine Electoral, according to the book The Philippine

Election, 1986, stated in the Pre-Spanish Philippines wherein a council of the elders rule

the barangay assisted by the Datu.

From 1521 to 1642, Spanish conquerors give the chances to the married men,

under their rule, to participate in the election of the local leader in their localities. This

first attempt by the Spanish government to regulate in a definite manner the selection of

local officials was promulgated and later known as the Ordinance of 1642.

From this ordinance, different changes started in the procedures of election of

leader of the Filipino people while the Spanish rules, even the American colonizers

brought some of its government ideologies when it comes to governing, electoral

system and implementing constitution that will serve as the foundation of our country in

the future.

The history of the Philippine Electoral system even the government itself will

continue to evolve, until it arrived to what we have today. But, we may wonder, what is
this “right to suffrage”? Suffrage, as defined by the Textbook of the Philippine

Constitution, 1997 Edition by Hector S. de Leon, is the right and obligation to vote off

qualified citizens in the election of certain national and local officers of the government

and in the decisions of public questions submitted by the people.

Suffrage has two natures. Firstly, it is a mere privilege and secondly, it is a

political right. It is a mere privilege because it is not an innate right of the citizens but it

is “simply a privilege to be or withheld by the lawmaking power subject to constitutional

limitations.” It should be given only to those people who had fulfilled certain

requirements that is essential for the common good of the society. Suffrage is a political

right because according to the Constitution, it enables the citizens to “participate in the

person of government to assume that it derives the powers from the consent of the

governed (De Leon, 2007).”

According to Article V, Section 1 of the Philippine Constitution:

SECTION 1. Suffrage may be exercised by all citizens of the Philippines not

otherwise disqualified by the law, who are at least eighteen years of age, and who shall

have resided in the Philippine for at least one year and in the place wherein they

propose to vote for at least six months immediately preceding the election. No literacy,

property or other substantive requirement shall be imposed on the exercising the

suffrage.

According to Castillo Deleon and Nicolas (1985) “Election is composed of stems

of procedures and processes acknowledge by the roles of society where in the

members choose person that will hold the public office and be given the authority to

govern the country”.

 While it will have five basic functions of elections which are leadership selection,

performance review, renewal of content, index of political currents and access channel.

Voting behaviour is different from voting preference. “Voting behavior is a set of

personal electoral activities, including participation in electoral campaigns, turnout at the

polls, and voting preference is choosing for whom to vote” (Bratton, 2013).

Elaborate more Voting Preferences

Factors that influence voting preferences are important subject that is widely

addressed in political science and sociology (Kurtbas, 2015). As that influence voters’

preferences are better understood, the concept and practice of politics get closer to the

ideal of creating a “common good” for the people, setting issues and ensuring social

welfare and integrity.

According to Choa, as cited in Tabunda (2004), "Filipinos react favourably to ads

about candidate mingling with ordinary folk or showing empathy for the poor. This type

generates warm feelings. It also reflects the political culture, which is patronage -driven

and feudal and puts a premium on people relationship with politicians.

In Philippines political ads are designed and appreciated is determined by

different factors containing the position of the candidate is searching. For instance,

presidential candidate's political ad is not fit for other position such as a senate. To

persuade voters a presidential candidate should make an ad about his qualifications or

to present his supporters why they should stick it out with him. Advertising promotes his

positive qualities to a general audience, focuses the things he stands for, and aims to

determine him from the rest of the pack. (Tabunda, 2004).

 The basis of the voters in their decisions in choosing their candidates is the

information made available for them campaign strategist focused more on the

personality and image of the candidates. "The tendency among campaign strategist and

the media to over simplify the presidential race to a contest between knowledge and

experience in the management of government on our hand and sincerity and concern

for the poor, other, was reflected to the content in criteria that voters used in assessing

candidates" (Tabunda 2004).

Kurtbas (2005), in his paper titled “The Factors influencing voting preferences in

local elections: an empirical study”, discussed that various sociological and political

factors affect the political choices of voters. These factors include sociologic, rational

and the theory of psychological identification with the political party. (Elaborate)

Kurtbas (2015) posited that in making a choice, the voter can benefit from

sociologic factors such as collective and social links; due to emotional links developed

since childhood, the voter can identify himself/herself with a political party; or make a

choice by rationally explaining the subject matter and provided services in line with his

or her own interests. (Elaborate)

 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the procedures that are done for the data gathering. This

discusses the research design, research locale, sample and the sampling techniques

used, instrumentation, and, data gathering presentation.

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study used a Descriptive research design. According to Pernia (2004),

descriptive studies intend to reveal what is going on or what exist. This type of study

focused on the following questions: how did phenomena happen, where or in what

situation did phenomena occur, what are the characteristics of elements of this

phenomenon, who or what are involved and how many are involved? Descriptive

studies provide definitions and descriptions of what is being studied.

This study entitled, Voting Preferences of Barangay and Sanggunian Kabataan election

voters last May 2018 provided descriptions of preferences of voters and the factors that

triggers the preferences.

RESEARCH LOCALE

The locale of the study is the voters of different barangays in City of Dasmariñas,

Cavite. Student voters are include in the study as they are the participants.

SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES USED

The total population of registered voters in the City of Dasmariñas is composed

of 336 070 as of May 2018. The total respondents of the study are 150 registered voters

from different barangays in the Dasmariñas. After determining the total sample of the

study, population per barangay is determined for percentage distribution.

Stratified sampling method was the technique used in determining the sample.

According to Reyes and Saren (2003) each individual in the population will be divided

into homogenous subgroups before sampling happen. The strata should be mutually

exclusive: every element in the population must be assigned to only one stratum. The

strata should also be collectively exhaustive: no population element can be excluded.

Then the simple random sampling or systematic sampling is applied within each

stratum. The objective is to improve the precision of the sample by reducing sample

error.
INSTRUMENTATION

To gather the data, the researchers used survey questionnaires as the

instruments to gather the preferences of registered voters in different barangays in City

of Dasmariñas.

The survey questionnaire is revised by the researchers and validated by the

researchers’ teacher.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES

To become more accurate, the researchers adopted and revised some questions

that were related to the study that will be used for the survey questionnaires. It is then

finalized and typewritten. The survey questionnaire were given to the population of

voters in different barangays in City of Dasmariñas once the request for student

population is released from the office COMELEC in the municipality of Dasmariñas.

Upon knowing the number of registered voters in the City of Dasmariñas, the survey

questionnaire was distributed to the respondents.

Upon gathering of the accomplished questionnaires, the researchers then

tabulated and interpreted the results of the survey.

RESEARCH RESPONDENT

The survey form was instituted on 13-18 July 2018 to 150 randomly selected

registered voters from ten barangays in the City of Dasmariñas namely: Burol 1, Bruol

2, San Andres 1, Sampaloc 4, Sta. Fe, Sto. Nino 2, Salitran 1, Salitran 2, Zone IV and

San Isidro Labrador. 15 respondents were selected from each barangay. In the

selection of respondents, the researchers made use stratified sampling method. The

respondents were selected according to availability, accessibility and of consent.

 Chapter 5

Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation

This chapter provides the summary of the study, findings, conclusions and

recommendations.

Summary

The study is about determining the voting preference of the barangay and

sangguniang kabataan election voters in City of Dasmarinas. The researchers went to

the randomly selected barangay to conduct a survey to know the different preference of

“fresh voters” and “long term voters” in terms of choosing their candidates for the

election.

Specifically, the researchers determine the preferences of fresh voters and long-

term voters for their chosen candidates who are graduated or with experience for public

service and the attitudes that should be possessed to help the community well-build and

make a better society. Correspondingly, as for long-term voters, they also look for the

candidate who are ability to read and write, the family is inclined in related to politics, a

mentally fit candidate would be also necessary and of course a candidate whose

perception is diplomat and will prioritize his/her people.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the study, a candidate that is able to read and write; came from a

family with well-known political involvement; sincere to their citizen; that have finished

college degree; that is fair in appointing officials in the office and promotes justice in

decision making; that is mentally fit and able in make good and sound decision; that

have a long time experience as a public servant and that is able to deal with people

politely are the preferences of the voters on city of Dasmariñas.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Researchers - the researchers recommend to the future researchers to focus on

the deeds that the candidates should have for their political field.

Voters - for the researchers, voters should vote wisely because their choices will

reflect to the society and might be the cause of distress or chaos.

Politicians - the researchers considerately recommend that the politicians should

know the ethics that should possess in order to create a better community.

Government - for the future elections, government should give the security that

should have to prevent fudge pouring the election and from this honest action. This will

make the community more flourishing the future.

 ABSTRACT

This is a descriptive study on the voting preferences of selected barangay and

sangguniang kabataan voters in the city of Dasmariñas in last election. The researches

utilized a survey questionnaire instituted to 150 randomly selected registered voters

from ten (10) barangays around the city of Dasmariñas. The research was conducted

last June 2018. The study found out various factors and sociological conditions that

contribute to the preferences of the voters for various local positions.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to express their appreciation and recognition for the

following:

 For the parents for the unending moral, financial and spiritual support that they

had given to the researchers through the sleepless nights on working on this

research.

 Mr. Paul Jorel Santos, our researcher’s teacher in Practical Research II for giving

the researchers valuable insights and guidance to help the development of this

study and for being a guidance force for the researchers to finish this study.

 The respondents from different barangays for their valuable insights that helped

in the completion and acquisitions of necessary data. Thank you for extending

your time despite of your busy schedule.

 Last but not the least, to God Almighty, our Father and Creator. Thank you for

this wonderful gift of life and the opportunity to accomplish a goal like this.
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Bratton, M. ed. (2013). Voting and democratic citizenship in Africa . Lynne Rienner

Publishers.

Kurbas, I. (2015). The Factors influencing voting preferences in local elections: an

empirical study. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vo. 5, No. 9 (1).

Santiago, M. (2012) The problem with elections. Retrieved February 25, 2016 from

http://www .senate.gov.ph/press_release/2012/1122_santiago1.asp