Chain Drives
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Chain Drives
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Chain Drives
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Chain Drives
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What and why pick PT Method
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Sprocket and Chain Drives
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Chain Drives
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Chain Drives, Features
•Speed reduction/increase of up to seven to one can
be easily accommodated.
•Chain can accommodate long shaft-center distances
(less than 4 m), and is more versatile.
•It is possible to use chain with multiple shafts or
drives with both sides of the chain.
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Chain Drives, Features
•Standardization of chains under the American
National Standards Institute (ANSI), the
International Standardization Organization
(ISO), and the Japanese Industrial Standards
(JIS) allow ease of selection.
•It is easy to cut and connect chains.
•The sprocket diameter for a chain system may be
smaller than a belt pulley, while transmitting the
same torque.
•Sprockets are subject to less wear than gears
because sprockets distribute the loading over
their many teeth.
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Chain Drives, Hints
•Chain has a speed variation, called chordal action,
which is caused by the polygonal effect of the
sprockets.
•Chain needs lubrication.
•Chain wears and elongates.
•Chain is weak when subjected to loads from the side.
•It needs proper alignment.
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Chain Drives
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Chain Drives, Chain Pitch.
The most economical drive normally employs the
smallest-pitch
single-strand chain that will transmit the required
power.
Small-pitch chains generally are best for lighter
loads and higher speeds,
whereas large-pitch chains are better for higher
loads and lower speeds.
The smaller the pitch, the higher the allowable
operating speed.
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Chain Drives, Number of Sprocket
Teeth
Slow speed 12 teeth
Medium speed 17 teeth
High speed 25 teeth
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Chain Drives
Angle of Wrap. The minimum recommended angle of
wrap on the small sprocket is 120°.
Speed Ratio. The maximum recommended speed ratio
for a single-reduction roller-chain drive is 7:1. Speed
ratios up to 10:1 are possible with proper design, but a
double reduction is preferred.
Chain Length.
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Chain Drives, Wear and Chain Sag.
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Chain Drives, Selection Procedure
It is very important to obtain all the listed information
before making a selection.
1. Source of input power
2. Type of driven equipment
3. Power to be transmitted
4. Speed and size of driver shaft
5. Speed and size of driven shaft
6. Desired center distance and drive arrangement
7. Means of center distance adjustment, if any
8. Available lubrication type
9. Space limitations
10. Adverse environmental conditions
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Chain Drives, Selection Procedure
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Chain Drives, Selection Procedure
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Chain Drives, Selection Procedure
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Chain Drives, Selection Procedure
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Chain Drives, Selection Procedure
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Chain Drives, Arrangements
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Chain Drives
Determine Service Factor.
Calculate Design Power.
Make Preliminary Chain Selection.
Select Small Sprocket.
Select Large Sprocket.
Make Final Chain Selection.
Calculate Chain Length.
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Chain Drives, Factors
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Chain Drives
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Chain Drives
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Chain Drives
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Chain Drives
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Chain Drives
The calculated number of links: x0(the calculated no. of links) can be found
from:
X0=2(a0/p)+(z2+z1)/2+f3*p/a0, with f3= [(z2-z1) /2π]2
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Chain Drives
The exact center distance can now be found as: a =[2x-
(z2+z1)]*f4*p,
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Chain Drives, Lubrication
Method Quantity of Oil
Oil should be applied at
Manual Application. fixed intervals, usually
Oil is applied with an oil about every eight hours, or
filler or brush on the slack as often as necessary to
side of the chain. prevent the bearing areas
from becoming dry.
Apply 5 to 20 drops of oil
Drip Lubrication.
per minute for every
A simple case can be used.
strand of chain. Actual
Oil from the oil cup is
quantity depends on the
supplied by drip feeding
speed
Chain should be submerged
in oil 6 mm to 12 mm. If h
Oil Lubrication. is too large, the
The chain is installed in a composition of the oil may
leak-free casing. change due to heat
generated and lose some
of its effectiveness.
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MURPHY'S LAWS
• Nothing is as easy as it looks.
• Everything takes longer than you think.
• Anything that can go wrong will go wrong.
• If there is a possibility of several things going wrong, the one that will cause the most
damage will be the one to go wrong. Corollary: If there is a worse time for something to go
wrong, it will happen then.
• If anything simply cannot go wrong, it will anyway.
• If you perceive that there are four possible ways in which a procedure can go wrong, and
circumvent these, then a fifth way, unprepared for, will promptly develop.
• Left to themselves, things tend to go from bad to worse.
• If everything seems to be going well, you have obviously overlooked something.
• Nature always sides with the hidden flaw.
• It is impossible to make anything foolproof because fools are so ingenious.
• Whenever you set out to do something, something else must be done first.
• Every solution breeds new problems.
• Murphy's Law of Research
• Enough research will tend to support your theory.
• Murphy's Law of Copiers
• The legibility of a copy is inversely proportional to its importance.
• Murphy's Law of the Open Road:
• When there is a very long road upon which there is a one-way bridge placed at random, and
there are only two cars on that road, it follows that: (1) the two cars are going in opposite
directions, and (2) they will always meet at the bridge.
• Murphy's Law of Thermodynamics: Things get worse under pressure.
• The Murphy Philosophy: Smile . . . tomorrow will be worse.
• Quantization Revision of Murphy's Laws: Everything goes wrong all at once.
• Murphy's Constant :Matter will be damaged in direct proportion to its value
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