ECSS E ST 50 14C (31july2008)
ECSS E ST 50 14C (31july2008)
31 July 2008
Space engineering
Spacecraft discrete interfaces
ECSS Secretariat
ESA-ESTEC
Requirements & Standards Division
Noordwijk, The Netherlands
ECSS‐E‐ST‐50‐14C
31 July 2008
Foreword
This Standard is one of the series of ECSS Standards intended to be applied together for the
management, engineering and product assurance in space projects and applications. ECSS is a
cooperative effort of the European Space Agency, national space agencies and European industry
associations for the purpose of developing and maintaining common standards. Requirements in this
Standard are defined in terms of what shall be accomplished, rather than in terms of how to organize
and perform the necessary work. This allows existing organizational structures and methods to be
applied where they are effective, and for the structures and methods to evolve as necessary without
rewriting the standards.
This Standard has been prepared by the ECSS‐E‐ST‐50‐14C Working Group, reviewed by the ECSS
Executive Secretariat and approved by the ECSS Technical Authority.
Disclaimer
ECSS does not provide any warranty whatsoever, whether expressed, implied, or statutory, including,
but not limited to, any warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or any warranty
that the contents of the item are error‐free. In no respect shall ECSS incur any liability for any
damages, including, but not limited to, direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages arising out
of, resulting from, or in any way connected to the use of this Standard, whether or not based upon
warranty, business agreement, tort, or otherwise; whether or not injury was sustained by persons or
property or otherwise; and whether or not loss was sustained from, or arose out of, the results of, the
item, or any services that may be provided by ECSS.
Published by: ESA Requirements and Standards Division
ESTEC, P.O. Box 299,
2200 AG Noordwijk
The Netherlands
Copyright: 2008 © by the European Space Agency for the members of ECSS
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Change log
ECSS‐E‐50‐14A First issue
19 December 2007
ECSS‐E‐50‐14B Never issued
ECSS‐E‐ST‐50‐14C Second issue
31 July 2008 Editorial changes.
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Table of contents
1 Scope.......................................................................................................................8
4 General ..................................................................................................................15
4.1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 15
4.2 Architectural concepts .............................................................................................. 15
4.2.1 Overview..................................................................................................... 15
4.2.2 General failure tolerance ............................................................................ 16
4.2.3 Interface control during power cycling ........................................................ 17
4.2.4 Cross-strapping .......................................................................................... 18
4.2.5 Harness cross-strapping............................................................................. 19
4.2.6 Cable capacitance ...................................................................................... 22
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5.3.2 TSM acquisition layout ............................................................................... 28
5.3.3 TSM acquisition resolution ......................................................................... 28
5.3.4 TSM wire configuration............................................................................... 28
5.3.5 TSM electrical characteristics..................................................................... 29
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8.3.4 16-bit input serial digital interface: signal description ................................. 56
8.4 16-bit output serial digital (OSD) interface description ............................................. 58
8.4.1 16-bit output serial digital interface description .......................................... 58
8.4.2 Signals skew............................................................................................... 58
8.4.3 OSD interface timing specification.............................................................. 59
8.4.4 16-bit output serial digital interface signal description ................................ 60
8.5 16-bit bi-directional serial digital (BSD) interface description ................................... 62
8.6 Serial digital interface electrical circuits description ................................................. 63
8.7 Balanced differential serial digital interface signals .................................................. 64
8.7.1 Balanced differential serial digital interface - GATE_WRITE circuits ......... 64
8.7.2 Balanced differential serial digital interface - DATA_CLK_OUT circuits..... 64
8.7.3 Balanced differential serial digital interface - DATA_OUT circuits.............. 64
8.7.4 Balanced differential serial digital interface - DATA_IN circuits.................. 65
8.7.5 Balanced differential serial digital interface - GATE_READ circuits ........... 65
8.8 Serial digital interface circuit electrical characteristics.............................................. 65
8.8.1 Introduction................................................................................................. 65
8.8.2 Provisions ................................................................................................... 65
Bibliography.............................................................................................................70
Figures
Figure 3-1: Bit numbering convention .................................................................................... 12
Figure 3-2: Timing diagram conventions ................................................................................ 13
Figure 3-3: Signal timing and measurement references ........................................................ 14
Figure 4-1: Architectural context of interfaces defined in this standard.................................. 16
Figure 4-2: General scheme of redundant unit’s cross-strapping .......................................... 18
Figure 4-3: Example scheme for Single source – Dual receiver cross-strapping................... 20
Figure 4-4: Example scheme for Dual source – Single receiver cross-strapping................... 21
Figure 4-5: Cable capacitance definitions .............................................................................. 22
Figure 5-1: Analogue signal monitor (single ended source) interface arrangement.............. 27
Figure 5-2: Analogue signal monitor (differential source) interface arrangement ................. 27
Figure 5-3: TSM1 reference model ........................................................................................ 30
Figure 5-4: Requirement for ΔRth/Rth as a function of RNORM and Rth. Δx = ±0,01 ................. 30
Figure 5-5: TSM1 interface arrangement ............................................................................... 32
Figure 5-6: TSM2 interface arrangement ............................................................................... 34
Figure 5-7: Example TSM1 and 4K3A354 thermistor............................................................. 35
Figure 5-8: Example TSM1 and YSI44907 thermistor............................................................ 35
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Figure 5-9: Example TSM2 and PT1000 thermistor............................................................... 36
Figure 6-1: BDM Interface configuration ................................................................................ 39
Figure 6-2: Switch status circuit interface arrangement ......................................................... 41
Figure 7-1: HPC interface arrangement ................................................................................. 47
Figure 7-2: LPC active signal output voltage vs. load current ................................................ 49
Figure 7-3: LPC-P and LPC-S interface arrangement............................................................ 50
Figure 8-1: 16-bit input serial digital (ISD) interface signal arrangement ............................... 53
Figure 8-2: 16-bit input serial digital (ISD) interface ............................................................... 54
Figure 8-3: 16-bit output serial digital (OSD) interface signal arrangement ........................... 58
Figure 8-4: 16-bit output serial digital (OSD) interface ........................................................... 59
Figure 8-5: 16-bit bi-directional serial digital interface signal arrangement ............................ 63
Figure 8-6: Balanced differential circuits for serial digital interfaces ...................................... 64
Figure 8-7: Example of serial digital interface arrangement................................................... 66
Figure 8-8: Threshold levels for ECSS-E-50-14 differential circuits ....................................... 68
Tables
Table 5-1: Analogue signal monitor source circuit characteristics ......................................... 25
Table 5-2 Analogue signal receiver circuit characteristics ..................................................... 26
Table 5-3: TSM1 source circuit characteristics ...................................................................... 30
Table 5-4: TSM1 receiver circuit characteristics .................................................................... 31
Table 5-5: TSM2 source characteristics................................................................................. 33
Table 5-6: TSM2 receiver characteristics............................................................................... 33
Table 6-1: BDM source characteristics .................................................................................. 38
Table 6-2: BDM receiver characteristics ................................................................................ 38
Table 6-3: Switch source characteristics................................................................................ 40
Table 6-4: Switch receiver characteristics.............................................................................. 41
Table 7-1: LV-HPC source characteristics ............................................................................. 44
Table 7-2: LV-HPC receiver characteristics ........................................................................... 44
Table 7-3: HV-HPC source characteristics............................................................................. 45
Table 7-4: HV-HPC receiver characteristics........................................................................... 46
Table 7-5: HC-HPC source characteristics ............................................................................ 46
Table 7-6: HC-HPC receiver characteristics .......................................................................... 47
Table 7-7: LPC source characteristics ................................................................................... 49
Table 7-8: LPC receiver characteristics ................................................................................. 50
Table 8-1: 16-bit input serial digital (ISD) interface characteristics ........................................ 55
Table 8-2: tb values ................................................................................................................ 57
Table 8-3: 16-bit output serial digital (OSD) interface characteristics .................................... 60
Table 8-4: Serial digital interface electrical characteristics..................................................... 67
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1
Scope
This standard specifies a common set of spacecraft onboard electrical interfaces
for sensor acquisition and actuator control. The interfaces specified in this
standard are the traditional point‐to‐point interfaces that are commonly used
on modern spacecraft.
The interfaces specified in this standard include analogue and discrete digital
interfaces used for status measurement and control, as well as point‐to‐point
serial digital interfaces used for digital data acquisition and commanding of
devices.
This standard specifies:
• interface signal identification;
• interface signal waveforms;
• signal timing requirements;
• signal modulation;
• voltage levels;
• input and output impedance;
• overvoltage protection requirements;
• bit ordering in digital data words;
• cabling requirements where appropriate.
This standard does not cover:
• connector requirements;
• digital data word semantics;
• message or block formats and semantics.
Connector requirements are not covered because these are normally mission or
project specific. The goal of this standard is to establish a single set of
definitions for these interfaces and to promote generic implementations that can
be re‐used throughout different missions.
When referred, the present standard is applicable as a complement of the
already existing interface standards ANSI/TIA/EIA‐422B‐1994 and ITU‐T
Recommendation V.11 (Previously “CCITT Recommendation”) – (03/93).
Guidance for tailoring of the present standard can be found in Annex A.
This Standard may be tailored for the specific characteristics and constraints of
a space project in conformance with ECSS‐S‐ST‐00.
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2
Normative references
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3
Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.2.2 circuit
conducting path which conveys a signal across the interface from the signal
source to the signal destination
NOTE A circuit includes the cable conductor, any
intervening connectors, and any circuit elements
such as protection resistors and coupling
capacitors, which make up the signal path.
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3.2.6 ground displacement voltage
voltage difference between source and receiver ground references
NOTE Users are encouraged to use this definition instead
of ‘common mode voltage’ that is not correct when
referring to the academic definition.
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3.4 Conventions
Figure 3‐1: Bit numbering convention
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Figure 3‐2: Timing diagram conventions
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90% 90%
50% 50%
10% 10%
t fall t rise
Figure 3‐3: Signal timing and measurement references
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4
General
4.1 Introduction
This standard defines electrical interfaces for use onboard spacecraft to connect
simple devices such as sensors and actuators to the data handling system. The
interfaces defined are:
• analogue signal interfaces (clause 5)
⎯ analogue signal monitor
⎯ temperature sensor monitor
• bi‐level discrete input interfaces (clause 6)
⎯ bi‐level discrete monitor
⎯ bi‐level switch status monitor
• command interfaces (clause 7)
⎯ high power pulse command
⎯ low power command
• serial digital interfaces (clause 8).
Each interface is defined in terms of the electrical and timing characteristics of
the signals comprising that interface. Connectors for the interfaces are not
defined because these are often highly project dependent. Cabling
characteristics are defined where appropriate.
For the serial digital interfaces, the data content of the digital words is not
defined since this is the subject of higher level protocol standards beyond the
scope of this Standard.
Unless otherwise stated, specified performances are applicable when both
source and receiver are powered.
4.2.1 Overview
The interfaces specified in this Standard are intended to connect DHS core
elements to DHS peripheral elements as shown in Figure 4‐1. However, there
are no technical reasons to prevent these interfaces being used between core
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elements where it is appropriate to do so, and this Standard does not preclude
such a configuration.
A peripheral element can have more than one user interface and also user
interfaces of different types, depending on its function and design. For example,
some sensors can set threshold levels or sensitivities by means of data written to
them. In this case that sensor can use an output serial digital interface to write
the data in addition to an input serial digital interface to read the sensor value.
Alternatively, some devices are signalled to indicate that they are commanded
to acquire a data sample. In that case they can use a serial digital interface
together with a pulse interface.
Figure 4‐1: Architectural context of interfaces defined in this standard
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4.2.2.2 Output interfaces
a. Among other failure cases, transmitters shall:
1. Not be stressed and not show degraded performance when output
is open circuit except on the output I/F that is open circuit.
2. Not be stressed when output is short circuit to ground.
NOTE No specific performances requirement is imposed
while in this status.
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4.2.4 Cross-strapping
4.2.4.1 General
a. For 2 units (UNIT_1 & UNIT_2), that can be used in redundancy, the
cross‐strapping of drivers and receivers shall be as specified in Figure
4‐2, and meet the following conditions:
1. The UNIT_2_A I/F is capable to receive:
(a) A signal from the UNIT_1_A I/F through a dedicated link
(b) A signal from the UNIT_1_B I/F through a dedicated link
2. The UNIT_2_B I/F shall is capable to receive:
(a) A signal from the UNIT_1_A I/F through a dedicated link
(b) A signal from the UNIT_1_B I/F through a dedicated link
3. The UNIT_1_A I/F is capable to deliver:
(a) A signal to the UNIT_2_A I/F through a dedicated link
(b) A signal to the UNIT_2_B I/F through a dedicated link
4. The UNIT_1_B I/F is capable to deliver:
(a) A signal to the UNIT_2_A I/F through a dedicated link.
(b) A signal to the UNIT_2_B I/F through a dedicated link.
b. To achieve full cross‐strapping benefits, in terms of reliability, any
potential common failure of UNIT_1_A and UNIT_1_B drivers and
UNIT_2_A and UNIT_2_B receivers shall be avoided.
UNIT_1_A UNIT_2_A
1_A_A D R 2_A_A
1_A_B D R 2_A_B
D = Driver
UNIT_1_B UNIT_2_B
R = Receiver
1_B_B D R 2_B_B
1_B_A D R 2_B_A
UNIT_1 UNIT_2
Figure 4‐2: General scheme of redundant unit’s cross‐strapping
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4.2.4.2 Immunity at UNIT_2 level
a. Under the condition (Receiver = ON linked to Transmitter = OFF of
UNIT_1), in the configuration where UNIT_1 driver is OFF and UNIT_2
receiver is ON, the information received by this receiver shall not disturb
the valid information received by the other receiver (linked to a
Transmitter ON).
NOTE In this configuration the electrical status at receiver
output is stable (due to hysteresis) but possibly
unknown (logical ʺ1ʺ or ʺ0ʺ).
b. It should be ensured that any input signal is in a known (inactive) stable
state when driver is OFF.
c. If 4.2.4.2b is not met, a validation / inhibition stage at the receiver output
of UNIT_2 should be implemented.
NOTE For example, the validation of the path can be
made by a dedicated direct command arriving
from UNIT_1, which inhibits the UNIT_2 receiver
output unused (if such a configuration has been
thoroughly designed with respect to failure cases).
4.2.5.1 Overview
Harness cross‐strapping is applied when heritage units, without classical cross‐
strapping interfaces, are used, in the case that a single redundant unit is
interfaced to both a nominal and redundant system. If the spacecraft is severely
mass‐limited, harness cross‐strapping can be used instead.
Harness cross‐strapping can be used in two configurations:
• Single source – Dual receiver configuration, as shown in Figure 4‐3.
• Dual source – Single receiver configuration, as shown in Figure 4‐4.
The Single source – Dual receiver configuration is typically applied for BSM
interfaces as described in clause 6.2.
The Dual source – Single Receiver configuration is typically applied for HPC
interfaces as described in clause 7.1.
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Note that this harness cross‐strapping can be performed by galvanic
connections in harness, as indicated in Figure 4‐3 and Figure 4‐4. However, the
equivalent configuration applies in case the physical inter‐connection is
performed either within the source or within the receiver unit. The general rules
and protections as mentioned in this clause 4.2.5 apply then also for those cases.
Possible problems that can be introduced by harness cross‐strapping include
failure propagation, loading and leakage injection of the active I/F by the
redundant, inactive circuit such that the active circuit does not meet its
performance requirements, incompatibility of protection circuitry of a given
circuit with either the Receiver I/F circuit or the Driver (see Figure 4‐4) I/F
circuit. Note that in general it is important to consider loading by the
redundant, inactive circuit also when powered off, even if the inactive circuit is
normally powered (hot redundancy).
UNIT_1_A UNIT_2_A
1_A D R 2_A_A
R 2_A_B
D = Driver
UNIT_1_B UNIT_2_B
R = Receiver
R 2_B_B
1_B D R 2_B_A
UNIT_1 UNIT_2
Figure 4‐3: Example scheme for Single source – Dual receiver cross‐strapping
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UNIT_1_A UNIT_2_A
1_A_A D R 2_A
1_A_B D
D = Driver
UNIT_1_B UNIT_2_B
R = Receiver
1_B_B D
1_B_A D R 2_B
UNIT_1 UNIT_2
Figure 4‐4: Example scheme for Dual source – Single receiver cross‐strapping
4.2.5.2 Provisions
a. If harness cross‐strapping is used, there shall be no mechanism whereby
the failure of either the receiver or unit interface can propagate to the I/F
of another, unrelated unit.
NOTE This requirement refers to a common mode failure
where a failure of one interface then propagates
inside the receiver thereby affecting units
unrelated to the original failure.
b. If harness cross‐strapping is used, the calculation of the overall system
reliability shall include the potential degradation or damage of the I/F of
a redundant unit due to the failure of other interface.
NOTE This requirement refers to the failure on a nominal
unit causing the inoperability of the cross‐strap.
This means that there is a reduction in the possible
reliability of the cross‐strap.
c. If harness cross‐strapping is used, the capability shall be provided to shut
down the inoperable unit regardless of the failure mode
NOTE This implies that the power can be removed from
the unit by independent means such as disabling
the power interface at the power distribution unit
(e.g. with the means described in clause 4.2.4.2)
d. Under the condition (Transmitter = OFF linked to Receiver = ON of
UNIT_2), whether powered or not, UNIT_1 drivers shall withstand any
receiver characteristics as described in Clauses 5 to 8.
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e. Under the condition (Receiver = OFF linked to Transmitter = ON of
UNIT_1), whether powered or not, UNIT_2 receivers shall withstand any
driver characteristics as described in Clauses 5 to 8.
C1
C2 C2
Figure 4‐5: Cable capacitance definitions
Effective capacitances can then be calculated according to:
C2
• Core to core capacitance CCC = C1 +
2
C1 ⋅ C 2
• Core to shield capacitance CCS = C2 +
C1 + C 2
• Core to core capacitance with shield connected to one core
CCT = C1 + C 2
Note that the latter case applies typically when either the source or the receiver
is single ended, which implies that both the shield and one of the core wires are
grounded.
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5
Analogue signal interfaces
5.1 Overview
The analogue signal interfaces are used for direct connection to a device which
produces a continuous variable analogue voltage to indicate the value of the
parameter being measured.
Usually, the analogue voltage produced by the sensor or a peripheral element is
converted into a digital value within the core element to which it is connected.
This Standard specifies the electrical characteristics of the analogue signal
interfaces.
Two types of analogue interfaces are specified:
• Analogue signal monitor interface, ASM (see 5.2)
• Temperature sensors monitor interface, TSM (see 5.3)
5.2.1 General
5.2.1.1 Overview
The analogue signal monitor interface is based on differential receiver circuit
where both the high and low analogue signal lines are floating with respect to
the receiver signal ground; the source interface can be either single ended or
differential.
The analogue voltage provided is sampled intermittently by the core element.
The precise frequency and the duration of the sampling interval depend on the
A/D conversion service being used. However, the input impedance and
capacitance exhibited by an analogue signal interface can differ when the input
signal is actually being sampled compared with when it is not. As a
consequence, different input impedance and capacitance requirements are
provided for the different configurations.
In addition, the impedance seen when the receiver element is powered off is
specified.
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5.2.1.2 Basic application scenario
The interface specified in this clause 5.2.1.2 is defined on the basis of a typical
analogue signal monitoring application scenario, i.e.
• differential voltage range: 0 to 5 V or optionally 0 to 5,12 V;
• signal bandwidth: ≤ 1 Hz;
NOTE This means that accuracy requirements are
specified here assuming only slowly changing
(quasi‐static) signals. That does not prohibit, for
instance, rapid transitions in signals, but accuracy
is unspecified during such events.
• ground displacement voltage: ≤ ±1 V in the frequency range 0 to 1 kHz,
falling at 20 dB per decade up to 1 MHz;
• conversion resolution: 12 bits.
NOTE 1 The specified 12 bits resolution is not incompatible
with use of ADC having 14 or even 16 bits
resolution. In that case, LSB are ʺnot significantʺ.
NOTE 2 Even if the overall channel accuracy requirement
in 5.2.1.4 can be met also with an 8 bit ADC, it is
important to note that in this case the ADC
quantization error contributes ±0,2 % to the overall
channel accuracy, thus normally a good practice is
to use a 12 bit ADC.
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Table 5‐1: Analogue signal monitor source circuit characteristics
Reference Characteristic Value
5.2.2.1 a.1 Circuit type Single ended or differential
5.2.2.1 a.2 Transfer DC coupled
Signal ground – in case of differential source
5.2.2.1 a.3 Zero reference (ref Figure 5‐2), the return signal’s potential
shall be equal to unit’s chassis ground.
5.2.2.1 a.4(a) 0 V to +5 V a
Nominal output voltage range, Vout
5.2.2.1 a.4(b) 0 V to +5,12 V
5.2.2.1 a.5 Output impedance, Zout ≤ 5 kΩ
‐17,5 V to +17,5 V with an overvoltage source
5.2.2.1 a.6 Fault voltage tolerance, Vsft
impedance > 1,0 kΩ
5.2.2.1 a.7 Fault voltage emission, Vsfe ‐16,5 V to +16,5 V
a The range 0 V – 5 V is the preferred one. 5,12 V can be used if straightforward A/D conversion is necessary.
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5.2.2.2 Receiver circuit
a. The receiver circuit shall meet the characteristics specified in Table 5‐1.
Table 5‐2 Analogue signal receiver circuit characteristics
Reference Characteristic Value
5.2.2.2 a.1 Circuit type Differential
5.2.2.2 a.2 Transfer DC coupled
5.2.2.2 a.3(a) differential: 0 V to +5 V a
Nominal input voltage range, Vin
5.2.2.2 a.3(b) differential: 0 V to +5,12 V
‐1 V to 1 V up to 1 kHz rolling‐off at
5.2.2.2 a.4 Ground displacement voltage, VGD
20 dB/decade up to 1 MHz
a The range 0 V – 5 V is the preferred one. 5,12 V can be used if straightforward A/D conversion is necessary
NOTE When prime and (cold) redundant configurations are used and implemented by cross‐strapping as
defined in clause 4.2.5, care should be taken to ensure that the impendence of the off device does not
unduly influence that of the powered device.
5.2.2.3 Harness
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5.2.2.4 Interface arrangement
The electrical interface arrangement is depicted in Figure 5‐1 and Figure 5‐2,
which show specific implementation to be taken as examples, but other
implementations compliant to requirements are not excluded.
SOURCE RECEIVER
V
+
V
+
Figure 5‐1: Analogue signal monitor (single ended source)
interface arrangement
SOURCE RECEIVER
V+ V+
-
V-
V-
Figure 5‐2: Analogue signal monitor (differential source)
interface arrangement
5.3.1 Overview
Temperature monitor channels are resistance measurement channels used for
resistive temperature sensor acquisition.
The word ʺthermistorʺ is derived from the description ʺthermally sensitive
resistorʺ. Thermistors are further classified as ʺPositive Temperature
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Coefficientʺ devices (PTC devices) or ʺNegative Temperature Coefficientʺ
devices (NTC devices):
• PTC devices are devices whose resistance increases as their temperature
increases.
• NTC devices are devices whose resistance decreases as their temperature
increases.
Two types of temperature monitor channels are addressed herein, referring to
the two main classes of transducers available on the market:
• TSM1: Wide range resistance acquisition, suitable for NTC thermistors
(negative temperature characteristic).
• TSM2: Limited range resistance acquisition, suitable for platinum (PT)
type.
The conditioning configuration to be used depends on the transducer used.
Both TSM1 and TSM2 interfaces are specified in terms of resistance
measurement accuracy.
NOTE TSM1 can be used for platinum type sensors (PT),
but that generally shows worse accuracy than a
well adapted TSM2. Also, TSM2 can be used for
NTC type of sensor, but the temperature range is
then restricted.
Examples of corresponding measurement error in terms of temperature are
given in clause 5.3.5.5.
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5.3.5.1 TSM1
5.3.5.1.1 Overview
The TSM1 interface has the following features:
• The measurable resistance range is specified from 0 to ∞ Ω.
• The interface is normalized with a parameter RNORM (Ω), selectable within
a specific range, where RNORM is the resistance of the thermistor at a
specified temperature point, where the highest temperature
measurement accuracy is needed (the centre of the measurement range).
NOTE RNORM is selected per group of channels as a
function of the sensor type and the temperature
range of interest.
• The specified accuracy is expressed as a maximum error ±Δx.
• The specified accuracy in terms of resistance is obtained from a formula
including RNORM and Δx.
• The resistance accuracy is specified at the DHS unit terminals, i.e.
excluding any error contribution from the thermistor or harness.
( Rth + RNORM ) 2
ΔRth = ⋅ Δx , if RNORM > Δx⋅(Rth + RNORM),
RNORM − Δx ⋅ ( Rth + RNORM )
ΔRth = ∞ otherwise
NOTE This calculation is based on the model of the TSM1
interface shown in Figure 5‐3. Rth(T) symbolizes
the resistance of the thermistor as a function of
temperature T.
The output from the ADC, x, has the range 0 to 1.
The formula to express x as a function of Rth(T) is
then:
Vin Rth (T )
x= =
Vref Rth (T ) + RNORM
Figure 5‐4 shows how the relative error in Rth,
ΔRth/Rth, varies with Rth with examples of RNORM
and Δx.
Examples have been evaluated for some specific
thermistor types in clause 5.3.5.5, showing the
error in terms of temperature.
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Vcond
x
RNORM
Vref
Vin ADC Vout x + x+ x
Rth(T)
Figure 5‐3: TSM1 reference model
0.2
0.15
0.1
Rnorm=10kohm, deltax=0,01
0 Rnorm=1kohm, deltax=-0,01
1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 Rnorm=10kohm, deltax=-0,01
-0.05
-0.1
-0.15
-0.2
Rth
Figure 5‐4: Requirement for ΔRth/Rth as a function of RNORM and Rth. Δx = ±0,01
Table 5‐3: TSM1 source circuit characteristics
Reference Characteristic Value
5.3.5.1.3 a.1 Circuit type Floating Resistive sensor
5.3.5.1.3 a.2 Transfer DC coupled
5.3.5.1.3 a.3 Resistance range, Rs 0 to ∞ Ω
5.3.5.1.3 a.4 Fault voltage tolerance, Vsft ‐17,5 V to +17,5 V with an overvoltage source
impedance ≥ 1 kΩ
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5.3.5.1.4 TSM1 receiver electrical characteristics
a. The characteristics in Table 5‐4 shall be provided.
Table 5‐4: TSM1 receiver circuit characteristics
Reference Characteristic Value
Single ended receiver with multiplexed
5.3.5.1.4 a.1 Circuit type
inputs
5.3.5.1.4 a.2 Transfer DC coupled
5.3.5.1.4 a.3 Sensor injected power, Pi ≤ 1 mW
5.3.5.1.4 a.4 Measurement error, Δx < ±0,01
1 kΩ, to 10 kΩ, to be specified per group
5.3.5.1.4 a.5 Parameterized resistance range, RNORM
of channels
‐16,5 V to +16,5 V with a source
5.3.5.1.4 a.6 Fault voltage emission, Vrfe
impedance of ≥ 1kΩ
5.3.5.1.4 a.7 Fault resistance tolerance, Rrft Short circuit to ground
NOTE The low resistance range of RNORM is suitable for TSM receiver systems using power switched
thermistor conditioning, where low impedance is of special interest to achieve fast settling.
The high resistance range of RNORM is more suitable for TSM receiver systems using continuous
thermistor conditioning, where low power is crucial, but fast settling is of less concern
5.3.5.1.5 Harness
a. The wiring type shall be twisted n–tuple.
b. The capacitance CCC measured between the two core wires shall be less
than or equal to 1 nF.
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RECEIVER
SOURCE MUX A
NTC
Thermistor
Figure 5‐5: TSM1 interface arrangement
5.3.5.2 TSM2
5.3.5.2.1 Overview
The TSM2 interface has the following features:
• The measurable resistance range is specified from 0 Ω to up to RMAX.
NOTE RMAX can be seen as the maximum resistance of the
thermistor in the temperature range of interest.
• RMAX can be chosen as characteristic of a group of channels within a
specific range.
• The specified accuracy is expressed as a maximum error ±Δx.
• The specified accuracy in terms of resistance is expressed as Δx⋅RMAX.
• The resistance accuracy is specified at the DHS unit terminals, i.e.
excluding any error contribution from the thermistor or harness.
ΔRth = RMAX ⋅ Δx
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5.3.5.2.3 TSM2 source electrical characteristics
a. The source shall meet the characteristics specified in Table 5‐5.
Table 5‐5: TSM2 source characteristics
Reference Characteristic Value
5.3.5.2.3 a.1 Circuit type Floating Resistive sensor
5.3.5.2.3 a.2 Transfer DC coupled
0 Ω to RMAX
5.3.5.2.3 a.3 Resistance range, Rs Rs is selected per group of channels as a function of
the sensor type and the temperature range of interest
‐17,5 V to +17,5 V with an overvoltage source
5.3.5.2.3 a.4 Fault voltage tolerance, Vsft
impedance ≥ 1 kΩ
Table 5‐6: TSM2 receiver characteristics
Reference Characteristic Value
5.3.5.2.4 a.1 Circuit type Single ended receiver with multiplexed inputs
5.3.5.2.4 a.2 Transfer DC coupled
5.3.5.2.4 a.3 Sensor injected power, Pi ≤ 1 mW
5.3.5.2.4 a.4 Measurement error, Δx < ±0,01
Parameterized resistance
5.3.5.2.4 a.5 1 kΩ to 5 kΩ, to be specified per group of channels
range, RMAX
‐16,5 V to +16,5 V with a source impedance of ≥ 1,0
5.3.5.2.4 a.6 Fault voltage emission, Vrfe
kΩ
5.3.5.2.4 a.7 Fault tolerance, Rrft Short circuit to ground
5.3.5.3 Harness
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5.3.5.4 Interface arrangement
The electrical interface arrangement is specified in Figure 5‐6.
NOTE Circuitry is indicative only; other implementations
meeting the above requirements are not excluded.
RECEIVER
SOURCE MUX A
PT1000
Figure 5‐6: TSM2 interface arrangement
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10
2
Temp error
(degrC)
Rnorm=4kohm, deltax=0,01
0
Rnorm=4kohm, deltax=-0,01
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
T(degrC)
Figure 5‐7: Example TSM1 and 4K3A354 thermistor
10
2
Temp error
(degrC)
Rnorm=10kohm, deltax=0,01
0
Rnorm=10kohm, deltax=-0,01
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
T(degrC)
Figure 5‐8: Example TSM1 and YSI44907 thermistor
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5.3.5.5.2 TSM2, PT1000
The platinum temperature sensors show fairly constant temperature sensitivity
in Rth of roughly 0.004⋅R0/°C, where R0 is the nominal resistance (at 0 °C).
PT1000 is a platinum sensor with nominally 1000 Ω resistance at 0 °C. Figure 5‐9
shows temperature accuracy specifically of a PT1000 connected to a TSM2
channel specified with RMAX = 1700 Ω. The figure does not include any
inaccuracy of the sensor itself.
RMAX = 1700 Ω for the PT1000 sensor covers the temperature range up to
+183 °C.
10
2
Temp error
(degrC)
Rmax=1700, deltax=0,01
0
Rmax=1700, deltax=-0,01
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
Temp (degrC)
Figure 5‐9: Example TSM2 and PT1000 thermistor
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6
Bi-level discrete input interfaces
6.1.1 Overview
The bi‐level discrete monitor (BDM) interfaces are used for reasonably static,
discrete status and telemetry monitoring by the core element. The monitored
signal is bi‐level discrete in that it can take only two values, high or low,
indicated by the signal voltage.
The bi‐level discrete interface consists of a signal, BL_DATA_IN, which is
generated by the peripheral element. This signal is sampled periodically by the
core element.
In a practical implementation, a number of bi‐level discrete interfaces can be
aggregated to form a multiple bit data word in the core element.
The bi‐level discrete input interface consists of a signal, BL_DATA_IN, which
can assume two values, high or low, with respect to the signal reference. This
signal is maintained continuously by the peripheral element and can be
sampled at any time by the core element.
On sampling, the core element encodes the BL_DATA_IN value into a single
binary bit of data which can be embedded in a larger data word.
There are no timing parameters associated with this interface. The
BL_DATA_IN signal is maintained continuously by the peripheral element and
can generally be regarded as static. However, if the BL_DATA_IN signal is
sampled during a transition from one level to the other, the result determined
by the core element can be invalid.
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6.1.2.2 BDM electrical characteristics
Table 6‐1: BDM source characteristics
Reference Characteristic Value
6.1.2.2.1 a.1 Circuit type Single ended
6.1.2.2.1 a.2 Transfer DC coupled
6.1.2.2.1 a.3 Zero reference Signal ground
6.1.2.2.1 a.4 Low output voltage, VLout 0 V to +0,5 V
2,4 V to +5,5 V,
6.1.2.2.1 a.5 High output voltage, VHout
into a load of 100 kΩ or greater
6.1.2.2.1 a.6 Output impedance, Zout ≤ 5 kΩ
6.1.2.2.1 a.7 Fault voltage emission, Vsfe ‐1 V to +7 V
‐17,5 V to +17,5 V with an overvoltage source
6.1.2.2.1 a.8 Fault voltage tolerance, Vsft
impedance of 1,0 kΩ
Table 6‐2: BDM receiver characteristics
Reference Characteristic Value
6.1.2.2.2 a.1 Circuit type Differential receiver with multiplexed inputs
6.1.2.2.2 a.2 Transfer DC coupled
Low level differential input
6.1.2.2.2 a.3 0 V to 0,9 V
voltage, VLin
High level differential input
6.1.2.2.2 a.4 2,0 V to 5,5 V
voltage, VHin
Ground displacement ‐1 V to 1 V up to 1 kHz rolling‐off at 20 dB/decade up
6.1.2.2.2 a.5
voltage, VGD to 1 MHz
During acquisition: ≥ 100 kΩ
6.1.2.2.2 a.6 Input impedance, Zin Outside acquisition: ≥ 100 kΩ
DHS with power off: ≥ 10 kΩ
6.1.2.2.2 a.7 Fault voltage emission, Vrfe ‐16,5 V to +16,5 V with a series impedance of ≥ 1,0 kΩ
6.1.2.2.2 a.8 Fault voltage tolerance, Vrft ‐2 V to +8 V
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6.1.2.3 Harness
SOURCE RECEIVER
V
+
V
+
Figure 6‐1: BDM Interface configuration
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This interface is used by the core element to determine the status of switches
and relays in the peripheral element and has the advantage that it can be
operated even when the peripheral element is powered down.
The switch status interface is entirely driven and operated by the core element.
The core element provides a continuous reference voltage signal, and
periodically samples the input signal and compares it to the reference. The
result is encoded into a binary bit to indicate whether the switch was closed or
open.
There are no timing constraints related to this interface since the switch status
being monitored is normally static or changing infrequently. However, if the
input signal is sampled while the switch status is changing, the result can be
invalid.
The signal interface receiver is similar to a bi‐level discrete (BDM) input with
the following exceptions:
• Ground is referred to receiver (instead of source) ground.
• It is biased to a high level, when it is not being driven, by the connection
of the input to a reference voltage through a resistance. When the switch
contact is closed, the input signal is forced to a low level by presented
low impedance.
The interface receiver converts such input signal in one of two digital states,
high (logical ‘1’) for switch source open status, or low (logical ‘0’) for switch
source closed status.
In case of specific needs, opto‐couplers can be used. In that case the specific
interfaces are defined on a system basis, thus they are not covered by this
Standard.
Table 6‐3: Switch source characteristics
Reference Characteristic Value
6.2.2.1 a.1 Circuit type Floating Relay contact
6.2.2.1 a.2 Transfer DC coupled
6.2.2.1 a.3 Operating current, Iop Up to 10 mA
6.2.2.1 a.4 Operating voltage (open circuit), Vop Up to 15 V
6.2.2.1 a.5 Switch closed resistance, RC ≤ 50 Ω
6.2.2.1 a.6 Switch open resistance, RO ≥ 1 MΩ
‐17,5 V to +17,5 V with an overvoltage source
6.2.2.1 a.7 Fault voltage tolerance, Vsft
impedance of 1,0 kΩ
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6.2.2.2 Receiver circuit
a. The receiver circuit shall meet the characteristics specified in Table 6‐4.
Table 6‐4: Switch receiver characteristics
Reference Characteristic Value
6.2.2.2 a.1 Circuit Type Single ended receiver with pull‐up resistor
6.2.2.2 a.2 Transfer DC coupled
6.2.2.2 a.3 Zero reference Signal ground
6.2.2.2 a.4 Output current, Iout 0,1 mA to 10 mA (when contacts closed)
6.2.2.2 a.5 Output voltage, Vout < 15 V (when contacts open)
6.2.2.2 a.6 Fault voltage emission, Vrfe ‐16,5 V to +16,5 V with a source impedance of
≥ 1,0 kΩ
6.2.2.2 a.7 Fault tolerance, Vrft Short circuit to ground
6.2.2.3 Harness
V+ RECEIVER
SOURCE
MUX
TP TP
Figure 6‐2: Switch status circuit interface arrangement
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7
Pulsed command interfaces
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7.1.2.4 High power pulse command output – driver
unpowered
a. The HPC_OUT(H) output signal shall be in passive state when the driver
is unpowered.
b. The load shall be isolated from any user electrical reference.
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Table 7‐1: LV‐HPC source characteristics
Reference Characteristics Value
7.1.3.1 a.1 Circuit type Single ended driver return over wire
7.1.3.1 a.2 Transfer DC coupled
7.1.3.1 a.3 Active state output voltage, VAout 12 V to 16 V
7.1.3.1 a.4 Passive state output leakage current, IPout < 100 μA
4 ms to 1024 ms (system design
7.1.3.1 a.5 Pulse width, tP selectable depending on receiver
characteristics)
50 μs to 2 ms when connected to a
7.1.3.1 a.6 Output voltage rise and fall times, tr, tf
resistive load of 100 Ω
7.1.3.1 a.7 Active current drive capability, IAout 180 mA
Free‐wheeling current capability (in
7.1.3.1 a.8 IAout during tP
Passive state)
7.1.3.1 a.9 Short circuit output current, ISC ≤ 400 mA
7.1.3.1 a.10 Fault voltage tolerance, Vsft 0 V to +20 V
7.1.3.1 a.11 Fault voltage emission, Vsfe 0 V to +19 V
Table 7‐2: LV‐HPC receiver characteristics
Reference Characteristics Value
7.1.3.2.a.1 Circuit type Relay or opto‐coupler
7.1.3.2 a.2 Transfer DC coupled
7.1.3.2 a.3 Active level at unit input terminal, VAin 11 V to 16 V
Passive current at unit input terminal (no
7.1.3.2 a.4 200 μA
activation), IPin
No activation for pulses up to the
7.1.3.2 a.5 Passive level transient immunity, tPtran
active level 100 μs wide
7.1.3.2 a.6 Load current, Iload ≤ 180 mA (at 16 V)
7.1.3.2 a.7 Inputs to chassis isolation, Ziso > 1 MΩ
7.1.3.2 a.8 Fault voltage emission, Vrfe 0 V to +19 V
7.1.3.2 a.9 Fault voltage tolerance, Vrft 0 V to +20 V
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Table 7‐3: HV‐HPC source characteristics
Reference Characteristic Value
7.1.4.1 a.1 Circuit type Single ended driver return over wire
7.1.4.1 a.2 Transfer DC coupled
7.1.4.1 a.3 Active state output voltage, VAout 22 V to 29 V
7.1.4.1 a.4 Passive state output leakage current, IPout < 100 μA
4 ms to 1024 ms (system design
7.1.4.1 a.5 Pulse width, tP selectable depending on receiver
characteristics)
50 μs to 2 ms when connected to a
7.1.4.1 a.6 Output voltage rise and fall times, tr, tf
resistive load of 200 Ω
7.1.4.1 a.7 Active current drive capability, IAout 180 mA
Free‐wheeling current capability (in
7.1.4.1 a.8 IAout during tP
passive state)
7.1.4.1 a.9 Short circuit output current, ISC ≤ 400 mA
7.1.4.1 a.10 Fault voltage tolerance, Vsft 0 V to +33 V
7.1.4.1 a.11 Fault voltage emission, Vsfe 0 V to +32 V
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Table 7‐4: HV‐HPC receiver characteristics
Reference Characteristic Value
7.1.4.2 a.1 Circuit type Relay or opto‐coupler
7.1.4.2 a.2 Transfer DC coupled
7.1.4.2 a.3 Active level at unit input terminal, VAin 21 V to 29 V
Passive current at unit input terminal (no
7.1.4.2 a.4 200 μA
activation), IPin
No activation for pulses up to the active
7.1.4.2 a.5 Passive level transient immunity, tPtran
level 100 μs wide
7.1.4.2 a.6 Load current, Iload ≤ 180 mA (at 29 V)
7.1.4.2 a.7 Inputs to chassis isolation, Ziso > 1 MΩ
7.1.4.2 a.8 Fault voltage emission, Vrfe 0 V to +32 V
7.1.4.2 a.9 Fault voltage tolerance, Vrft 0 V to +33 V
Table 7‐5: HC‐HPC source characteristics
Reference Characteristic Value
7.1.5.1 a.1 Circuit type Single ended driver return over wire
7.1.5.1 a.2 Transfer DC coupled
7.1.5.1 a.3 Active state output voltage, VAout 22 V to 29 V
7.1.5.1 a.4 Passive state output leakage current, IPout < 1 mA
4 ms to 1024 ms (system design
7.1.5.1 a.5 Pulse width, tP selectable depending on receiver
characteristics)
50 μs to 2 ms when connected to a
7.1.5.1 a.6 Output voltage rise and fall times, tr, tf
resistive load of 50 Ω
7.1.5.1 a.7 Active current drive capability, IAout 600 mA
Free‐wheeling current capability (in
7.1.5.1 a.8 IAout during tP
passive state)
7.1.5.1 a.9 Short circuit output current, ISC ≤ 1 A
7.1.5.1 a.10 Fault voltage tolerance, Vsft 0 V to +33 V
7.1.5.1 a.11 Fault voltage emission, Vsfe 0 V to +32 V
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7.1.5.2 HC-HPC receiver circuit
a. The HC‐HPC receiver circuit shall meet the characteristics specified in
Table 7‐6.
Table 7‐6: HC‐HPC receiver characteristics
Reference Characteristic Value
7.1.5.2 a.1 Circuit type Relay
7.1.5.2 a.2 Transfer DC coupled
7.1.5.2 a.3 Active level at unit input terminal, VAin 20 V to 29 V
Passive level at unit input terminal (no
7.1.5.2 a.4 2 mA
activation), IPin
No activation for pulses up to the active
7.1.5.2 a.5 Passive level transient immunity, tPtran
level 1 ms wide
7.1.5.2 a.6 Load current, Iload ≤ 600 mA (at 29 V)
7.1.5.2 a.7 Inputs to chassis isolation, Ziso > 1 MΩ
7.1.5.2 a.8 Fault voltage emission, Vrfe 0 V to +32 V
7.1.5.2 a.8 Fault voltage tolerance, Vrft 0 V to +33 V
Source Receiver
V+
Figure 7‐1: HPC interface arrangement
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7.2.1 General
The low power (LPC) command interfaces are intended for driving opto‐
coupler channels.
Two types of opto‐coupler interfaces are considered namely the opto‐coupler
pulse interface, LPC‐P, and the opto‐coupler static bi‐level interface, LPC‐S.
The low power command consists of a single signal, LPC_OUT(H), generated
by the core element. This is connected by a single ended circuit to the input at
the peripheral element. The interface is entirely controlled from the core
element.
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Table 7‐7: LPC source characteristics
Reference Characteristics Value
7.2.3.1 a.1 Circuit type Single ended driver return over wire
7.2.3.1 a.2 Transfer DC coupled
7.2.3.1 a.3 Output resistance, Rout 370 Ω to 430 Ω
Active signal open circuit output voltage,
7.2.3.1 a.4 4,4 V to 5,5 V
VAout
Passive signal open circuit output voltage,
7.2.3.1 a.5 0 V to 0,5 V
VPout
7.2.3.1 a.6 Fault voltage emission, Vsfe 7 V with a source impedance ≥ 350 Ω
7.2.3.1 a.7 Fault tolerance Continuous short circuit
7.2.3.1 a.8 Pulse width for LPC‐P 4 ms ≤ td ≤ 120 ms
Vout
5.5V
Rout,min =
4.4V 370 ohm
Rout,max =
430 ohm
Typical load line
Iout
10.2mA 14.9mA
Figure 7‐2: LPC active signal output voltage vs. load current
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7.2.3.2 Receiver circuit
a. The receiver circuit shall meet the characteristics specified in Table 7‐8.
Table 7‐8: LPC receiver characteristics
Reference Characteristics Value
7.2.3.2 a Circuit type Opto‐coupler, passive load
7.2.3.2 b Transfer DC coupled
4,4 V to 5,5 V through a 370 Ω to 450 Ω
7.2.3.2 c Active input signal, VAin
source resistance
7.2.3.2 d Passive input signal, VPin 0 V to 0,5 V
7.2.3.2 e Fault voltage tolerance, Vrft 7 V with a source impedance of ≥ 350 Ω
7.2.3.2 f Input to chassis isolation, Ziso >1 MΩ
Figure 7‐3: LPC‐P and LPC‐S interface arrangement
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8
Serial digital interfaces
8.1 Foreword
This clause refers to the implementation of 16‐bit serial digital point to point
interfaces as specified in clause 8.2.
Other serial digital point to point interfaces may be used in space applications.
They are not covered by this Standard. However, all digital interfaces
referencing RS‐422 as the physical layer (e.g. synchronization pulses) are
recommended to comply with this specification for electrical characteristics as
in clause 8.8.
8.2.1 Overview
8.2.1.1
The serial digital interfaces are used to exchange digital data words between
core and peripheral elements. The interface timing and clocking signals are
controlled by the core element.
A serial digital interface which reads data from the peripheral element into the
core element is called an input serial digital (ISD) interface. A serial digital
interface which writes data out from the core element to the peripheral element
is called an output serial digital (OSD) interface. A third class of serial digital
interface is also introduced in this standard, namely the bi‐directional serial
digital (BSD) interface.
For space applications, serial digital interfaces shall be implemented in
balanced differential form. In this form each signal is carried by a pair of
conductors and the level of the signal is determined by the differential voltage
between those conductors.
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8.2.1.2
The serial digital interfaces are based on five signals, namely:
• GATE_WRITE provided by the core element which indicates when a
write transfer (from core to peripheral) is underway,
• GATE_READ provided by the core element which indicates when a read
transfer (from peripheral to core) is underway,
• DATA_CLK_OUT provided by the core element which controls the data
transfer timing,
• DATA_OUT provided by the core element in the case of output and bi‐
directional interfaces, and
• DATA_IN provided by the peripheral element in the case of input and
bi‐directional interfaces.
In a practical implementation, the DATA_CLK_OUT and, for output interfaces,
the DATA_OUT signal can be distributed to several devices. However, each
device has its own unique GATE_WRITE (READ) signal.
Signals in Figure 8‐2 and Figure 8‐4 indicate the expected TRUE line waveform
of the differential interface. DATA_OUT and DATA_IN low denotes a logic ‘0’
and the corresponding HIGH denotes a logic ‘1’.
The serial interface timing in this standard is specified in proportion to the bit
period (tb), which is implementation dependent: once it is specified by the
designer, the other characteristics are defined as a function of tb.
As specified in 8.2.2, it is important that the peripheral element is designed to
be compatible with any tb specified in this Standard.
In addition the standard provides some recommended implementation options.
These interfaces correspond to the 16‐bit digital channel telemetry interfaces
and the 16‐bit memory load commands described in TTC‐B‐01 but with some
modifications. Most significantly, none of these word exchanges need be
aligned with the OBDH bus interrogation slot interval.
NOTE 1 This is a relaxation of requirements and is in line
with the philosophy of supporting systems which
use MIL‐STD‐1553B instead of the ESA OBDH bus.
NOTE 2 Where an ESA OBDH bus is being used, this
standard does not preclude synchronisation with
the interrogation slot intervals, but does not
specify its use.
NOTE 3 16‐bit transfers are now preferably performed in a
single burst rather than in two 8‐bit.
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CORE PERIPHERAL
GATE_READ
DATA_CLK_OUT
DATA_IN
Figure 8‐1: 16‐bit input serial digital (ISD) interface signal arrangement
8.3.2.1 Introduction
In the values listed in Table 8‐1 a skew is considered between any pair of
signals or subsequent edges of the same signal to account for components
characteristics and/or harness routing asymmetry.
8.3.2.2 Provisions
a. Maximum skew measured at core side shall be Δt = 0,02 × tb .
b. Maximum skew measured at peripheral side shall be Δt = 0,04 × tb .
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A data transfer is initiated by the core element asserting GATE_READ. In
response to this the peripheral element places the value of the most significant
bit (bit 0) of the data word on the DATA_IN line.
After the GATE_READ falling edge (tcd), the core element generates a sequence
of sixteen low going pulses out onto the DATA_CLK_OUT line. The core
element samples the DATA_IN line on the falling edge of each
DATA_CLK_OUT pulse. This same falling edge causes the peripheral element
to output the next bit of the data word on the DATA_IN line.
The DATA_IN line state is not sampled after the last DATA_CLK_OUT falling
edge and can return to its quiescent ʹdonʹt careʹ state.
Sometime after the last DATA_CLK_OUT falling edge the core element de‐
asserts the GATE_READ signal indicating the end of the data transfer (tgd).
GATE_READUP can occur at the same time, or even slightly before, the last
DATA_CLK_OUTUP. The GATE_READ signal is subsequently kept de‐asserted
for a short period (trec) to enable the peripheral element to recover ready for the
next data transfer.
ts
trec
GATE_READ
tcd
tch tb8 tb tgd
DATA_CLK_OUT
1 8 9 16
DATA_IN 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Figure 8‐2: 16‐bit input serial digital (ISD) interface
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Table 8‐1: 16‐bit input serial digital (ISD) interface characteristics
Reference Parameter Description Maximum Minimum
GATE_READDOWN to bit 0 data valid,
8.3.3 a.3.(a) tb × 0,2 ‐
measured at peripheral element
tb0
GATE_ READDOWN to bit 0 data valid,
8.3.3 a.3.(b) tb × 0,3 ‐
measured at core element
Clock delay, GATE_ READDOWN to first
8.3.3 a.4 tcd tb × 7 + Δt tb/2 – Δt
DATA_CLK_OUTDOWN
Next data valid after DATA_CLK_OUTDOWN,
8.3.3 a.6.(a) tb × 0,7 ‐
measured at peripheral element
tdv
Next data valid after DATA_CLK_OUTDOWN,
8.3.3 a.6.(b) tb × 0,8 ‐
measured at core element
Time DATA_CLK_OUT high (clock duty
8.3.3 a.7.(a) tb/2 × 1,1 tb/2 × 0,9
cycle) measured at core element
tch
Time DATA_CLK_OUT high (clock duty
8.3.3 a.7.(b) tb/2 × 1,2 tb/2 × 0,8
cycle) measured at peripheral element
Gating delay, last DATA_CLK_OUT DOWN to
8.3.3 a.8 tgd tb × 4 + Δt tb/2 – Δt
GATE_READUP
Recovery interval, GATE_READUP to
8.3.3 a.9 trec ∞ tb – Δt
GATE_READ DOWN
The transfer period is calculated as follows: ts = tcd + tgd + trec + 15·tb
a
b This is to allow 8‐bit bursts in TTC‐B‐01 fashion
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8.3.4.7 16-bit input serial digital - data transfer
a. Data transfer on the 16‐bit ISD shall be started by the core element,
asserting the GATE_READ signal.
b. In response to the GATE_READDOWN the peripheral element shall set the
DATA_IN signal to the value of the most significant bit, bit 0, of the data
word.
c. The core element shall then sample the DATA_IN signal on each falling
edge of the DATA_CLK_OUT (DATA_CLK_OUTDOWN ).
d. After each DATA_CLK_OUT falling edge (DATA_CLK_OUTDOWN ), the
peripheral element shall set the value of the DATA_IN signal to the value
of the next most significant bit.
NOTE That means that if the current value of DATA_IN
is bit n, the new value of DATA_IN is bit n+1.
e. When the 8th clock pulse on DATA_CLK_OUT has been generated, the
gap to the next clock pulse may be increased by up to tb × 8.
f. When bit 15 of DATA_IN is reached, DATA_IN may be set to any value;
NOTE The reason is that the next value of DATA_IN is
not important since the DATA_IN signal is not
sampled after this.
Table 8‐2: tb values
Maximum
Reference tb (MIN) tb (MAX) sustainable data
t (Kb )
8.3.4.8 a 7,95 μs 8,05 μs 118,387
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8.3.4.10 16-bit input serial digital - data hold after
DATA_CLK_OUTUP, tdh
a. The data hold time after the DATA_CLK_OUT falling edge, tdh, shall be
not less than 0.
NOTE This ensures that the propagation delay always
gives enough margin to hold the data.
CORE PERIPHERAL
GATE_WRITE
DATA_CLK_OUT
DATA_OUT
Figure 8‐3: 16‐bit output serial digital (OSD) interface signal arrangement
8.4.2.1 Overview
In the values listed in Table 8‐3 a skew is considered between any pair of
signals or subsequent edges of the same signal to account for component
characteristics and/or harness routing asymmetry.
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8.4.2.2 Provisions
a. Maximum skew measured at core side shall be Δt = 0,02 × tb .
b. Maximum skew measured at peripheral side shall be Δt = 0,04 × tb .
ts
trec
GATE_WRITE
tcd
tch tb8 tb tgd
DATA_CLK_OUT
1 8 9 16
DATA_OUT 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Figure 8‐4: 16‐bit output serial digital (OSD) interface
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Table 8‐3: 16‐bit output serial digital (OSD) interface characteristics
Reference Parameter Description Maximum Minimum
Clock delay, GATE_WRITEDOWN to first
8.4.1 a.4 tcd tb × 7 + Δt tb/2 – Δt
DATA_CLK_OUTDOWN
Time DATA_CLK_OUT high (clock duty cycle)
8.4.1 a.7.(a) tb/2 × 1,1 tb/2 × 0,9
measured at core element
tch
Time DATA_CLK_OUT high (clock duty cycle)
8.4.1 a.7.(b) tb/2 × 1,2 tb/2 × 0,8
measured at peripheral element
Gating delay, last DATA_CLK_OUTDOWN to
8.4.1 a.8 tgd tb × 4 + Δt tb/2 – Δt
GATE_WRITEUP
Recovery interval, GATE_WRITEUP to
8.4.1 a.9 trec ∞ tb – Δt
GATE_WRITEDOWN
The transfer period is calculated as follows: ts = tcd + tgd + trec + 15·tb
a
b This is to allow 8‐bit bursts in TTC‐B‐01 fashion
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8.4.4.3 16-bit output serial digital - GATE_WRITE signal
quiescent state
a. During quiescence, i.e. when no data transfer is taking place, the
GATE_WRITE signal shall be maintained at a high logic level by the core
element.
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c. The core element shall ensure that the DATA_OUT signal is valid on
each falling edge of the DATA_CLK_OUT (DATA_CLK_OUTDOWN) when
GATE_WRITE is asserted.
d. The DATA_OUT signal shall meet the data set‐up and hold times as
specified in Table 8‐3.
e. Shortly after (after tdh) each DATA_CLK_OUT falling edge
(DATA_CLK_OUTDOWN), the core element shall update the value of the
DATA_OUT signal to the value of the next most significant bit.
NOTE That means that if the current value of
DATA_OUT is bit n, the new value of DATA_OUT
is bit n+1.
f. When the 8th clock pulse on DATA_CLK_OUT has been generated, the
gap to the next clock pulse may be increased by up to tb × 8.
g. When bit 15 of DATA_IN is reached, any value may be used;
NOTE The reason is that the next value of DATA_OUT is
not important since the peripheral element does
not sample the DATA_OUT signal after this.
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CORE PERIPHERAL
GATE_WRITE (OSD)
GATE_READ (ISD)
DATA_OUT (OSD)
DATA_IN (ISD)
Figure 8‐5: 16‐bit bi‐directional serial digital interface signal arrangement
There are two advantages offered by this interface.
• Firstly, it offers the possibility of writing a data value out to a peripheral
element and then reading the same value back in order to verify that the
write operation was performed correctly.
• Secondly, the interface can be expanded to address more than one
register location within a peripheral element using only two extra signals
for each additional register. The extra signals used are a dedicated
GATE_WRITE(READ) signal for each new register to be accessed. All of
the other signals can be common to all registers. This means that n
registers can be accessed using only 2n + 3 signals which can lead to
significant savings in terms of cables and connectors.
During an input transfer the data is input via the DATA_IN signal and the
DATA_OUT signal assumes its quiescence state. During a data output transfer
the data is output on the DATA_OUT signal and the DATA_IN signal assumes
its quiescence state.
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Point of
Interface
Definition
+ve VOH I OH
Output
-ve I OH I OL
Signal
Output VOL I OL
Core Circuits Peripheral
Element Local Element
Connection
Input Points
Circuits
VIH I
+ve IH
Input I
-ve I IL
Signal IH
VIL I IL
* *
Figure 8‐6: Balanced differential circuits for serial digital interfaces
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b. The balanced differential pair specified in 8.7.3a shall
1. be driven by the peripheral element, and
2. carry the DATA_OUT signal.
8.8.1 Introduction
ANSI/TIA/EIA‐422 (hereafter briefly RS‐422) defines a balanced (differential)
interface; specifying a single, unidirectional driver with multiple receivers (up
to 32). RS‐422 will support Point‐to‐Point, Multi‐Drop circuits, but not Multi‐
Point.
Although the EIA standard does not show circuit grounding in either of the RS‐
422 circuits, this Standard includes recommendation on grounding in 8.8.2a.
8.8.2 Provisions
a. Serial digital interface circuits should be grounded as follows:
1. The drivers and receivers should be connected directly to circuit
ground.
2. The circuit ground should be connected to chassis ground.
NOTE 1 Cabling is not specified in RS‐422 but information
can be found in [V11].
NOTE 2 Figure 8‐7 illustrates this provision.
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b. Serial digital interface circuit electrical characteristics shall meet the
requirements specified in Table 8‐4.
NOTE 1 Table 8‐4 includes characteristics for compatibility
with RS‐422 (indicated with the number (422) in
the table), and specific characteristics
NOTE 2 The values specified here‐in grant correct
operations in the following conditions:
• maximum signal frequency: 1 MHz;
• maximum cable length: 16 m;
• cable type: Twisted Shielded Pair 120 Ω
Impedance.
NOTE 3 Compliance to the parameters indicated by the
note (422) in Table 8‐4 can be achieved by use of
the following circuits:
HS‐26C(T)31RH
HS‐26C(T)32RH
HS‐26CLV31RH
HS‐26CLV32RH
Items 1 and 2 are 5 V supplied devices, items 3 and
4 are 3,3 V supplied devices. These devices can
interoperate and comply with the specification in
Table 8‐4.
c. Serial digital interface shall be compliant to the interface arrangement
specified in Figure 8‐7.
d. Compliance to microcircuits characteristics others than the parameters
indicated by the note (422) in Table 8‐4., shall be verified on the project by
Review of Design or Test.
Figure 8‐7: Example of serial digital interface arrangement
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Table 8‐4: Serial digital interface electrical characteristics
Reference Characteristics Value Type Notes
SOURCE CIRCUIT
8.8 a.1 Electrical characteristics Differential (422)
Differential output
8.8 a.2 1,8 V ≤ |VOC| ≤ 6,0 V Specific
voltage open circuit, VOC
Output voltage TRUE and
8.8 a.3 Ve ≤ 6 V (422)
COMP lines, Ve
Differential output
8.8 a.4 105 Ω ≤ Zout ≤ 135 Ω Specific Note 1
impedance, Zout
Short circuit output |IA| ≤ 150 mA for each terminal
8.8 a.5 (422)
current, IA to ground
tr ≤ 0,1 × tb if tb ≥ 200 ns
8.8 a.6 Rise time, tr (422) Note 2
tr ≤ 20 ns if tb ≤ 200 ns
Output leakage current in
8.8 a.7 |IO| ≤ 100 μA (422) Note 3
power off, IO
Fault voltage emission, 0 V to 7 V (through 50 Ω minimum series
8.8 a.8 Specific
Vsfe resistance)
Fault voltage tolerance, ‐1,5 V to 7 V (applied through 1 kΩ series
8.8 a.9 Specific
Vsft resistance Ris)
RECEIVER CIRCUIT
8.8 a.10 Electrical characteristics Differential (422)
8.8 a.11 Series protection, Ris 2 * 1 kΩ Specific
Max input voltage (each
8.8 a.12 ± 10 V (422) Note 4
input w.r.t. ground), VI
Common mode
8.8 a.13 – 4 V to + 7 V Specific Note 5
acceptance (V1+V2)/2, VCM
± |600 mV to 6 V|
Differential input voltage,
8.8 a.14 each voltage in this range must be Specific Note 6
VDI
interpreted as valid signal
Fault voltage emission, 0 V to 5,5 V (through 1 kΩ series resistance Ris) Specific
8.8 a.15
Vrfe
Fault voltage tolerance, ‐1,5 V to 8,5 V Specific
8.8 a.16
Vrft
Note 1: Output impedance to be matched with 120 Ω cable impedance. Recommended range of the Ros resistors
between 50 Ω and 60 Ω, considering 10 Ω typical driver output impedance, when using HS‐
26C(T)31RH.
Note 2: tb time duration of the unit interval at the applicable data rate (normally 0,5 * period duration).
Note 3: –0,25 V to +6 V applied at the output terminals.
Note 4: RS‐422 standard parameters given for reference only.
Note 5: This figure is compatible with both performances of 5 V and 3,3 V devices (HS26CLV32RH).
Note 6: Minimum threshold considering 1 kΩ series resistors (the devices commonly used have a threshold of
±400 mV, for reference see Figure 8‐8).
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Figure 8‐8: Threshold levels for ECSS‐E‐50‐14 differential circuits
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Annex A (informative)
Tailoring guidelines
Tailoring for this Standard is limited to the adoption of specific discrete
interfaces listed hereby:
• Analogue signal interfaces
⎯ Analogue signal monitor (ASM) interface
⎯ Temperature sensors monitor (TSM) interfaces
• Bi‐level discrete input interfaces
⎯ Bi‐level discrete monitor (BDM) interface
⎯ Bi‐level switch monitor (BSM) interface
• Pulsed command interfaces
⎯ High power command (HPC) interfaces
⎯ Low power command (LPC) interface
• Serial digital interfaces
⎯ 16‐bit input serial digital (ISD) interface
⎯ 16‐bit output serial digital (OSD) interface description
⎯ 16‐bit bi‐directional serial digital (BSD) interface description
Modification of existing or addition of requirements within a specific interface
definition should not be done.
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Bibliography
ECSS‐S‐ST‐00 ECSS system ‐ Description, implementation and
general requirements
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