GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR GENERAL OF CIVIL AVIATION

TECHNICAL CENTRE, OPP. SAFDARJUNG AIRPORT, NEW DELHI-110 003

CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS

SECTION 2 – AIRWORTHINESS
SERIES ‘I’ PART II
24th APRIL, 1992 EFFECTIVE: FORTHWITH

SUBJECT: AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENTS AND INSTRUMENTS

1. PURPOSE :

Rule 57 of the Aircraft Rule 1937 , requires that every aircraft shall be fitted and
equipped with instruments and equipment, including radio apparatus as may be specified
according to the use and circumstances under which the flight is to be conducted, in order
to enable the flight crew to control the flight path of aircraft, carry out required procedural
manoeuvrs and observe the operating limitation of the aircraft in the expected operating
conditions.

This part of Civil Airworthiness Requirements lays down the minimum instruments and
equipment including Communication and Navigation Equipment which are to be installed on
aircraft depending on their operation.

This CAR is issued under the provision of Rule 133A of the Aircraft Rules, 1937.

2. DEFINITIONS:

2.1 Commercial air transport operation. An aircraft operation involving the transport of
passengers, cargo or mail for remuneration or hire.

2.2 Emergency locator transmitter (ELT) : A generic term describing equipment which
broadcast distinctive signals on designated frequencies and, depending on application, may be
automatically activated by impact or be manually activated. An ELT may be any of the
following:

Automatic fixed ELT [ELT(AF)]: An automatically activated ELT which is permanently

attached to an aircraft.

Automatic portable ELT [ELT(AP)]: An automatically activated ELT which is rigidly attached
to an aircraft but readily removable from the aircraft .

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Automatic deployable ELT [ELT(AD)]: An ELT which is rigidly attached to an aircraft and which
is automatically deployed and activated by impact, and, in some cases, also by hydrostatic
sensors. Manual deployment is also provided.

Survival ELT [ELT(S)]: An ELT which is removable from an aircraft, stowed so as to facilitate its
ready use in an emergency, and manually activated by survivors.

2.3 General Aviation Operation. An aircraft operation other than a commercial air transport
operation or an aerial work operation.

2.4 Performance Class 1 helicopter: A helicopter with performance such that, in case of critical
power-unit failure, it is able to land on the rejected take-off area or safely continue the flight to an
appropriate landing area, depending on when the failure occurs.

2.5 Performance Class 2 helicopter: A helicopter with performance such that, in case of critical
power-unit failure, it is able to safely continue the flight, except when the failure occurs prior to a
defined point after take-off or after a defined point before landing, in which cases a forced landing
may be required.

2.6 Performance Class 3 helicopter: A helicopter with performance such that, in case of power-unit
failure at any point in the flight profile, a forced landing must be performed.

2.7 Night : Flight performed between the period of half an hour after sunset and half an hour before
sunrise.

2.8 Controlled Flight : Any flight which is subject to an air traffic control clearance.

3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

3.1 In addition to the minimum equipment necessary for the issuance of a certificate of airworthiness,
the instruments, equipment and flight documents prescribed in the following paragraphs shall be
installed or carried, as appropriate, in aircraft according to the aircraft used and to the
circumstances under which the flight is to be conducted.

3.2 All instruments and equipment and their installation shall be of approved type.

3.3 All instrument dials shall have the operating range marked as specified by the manufacturer of
the aircraft..

3.4 Instruments/equipment fitted shall be kept in serviceable condition and that they should be so
at the time of take off unless their unserviceability for any particular flight condition has been
permitted by Director General of Civil Aviation.

3.5 When a flight is conducted with unserviceable instruments/ equipment in

accordance with para 3.4 the affected equipment/
instrument shall be placarded as "unserviceable" and additionally rendered
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 CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 2
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ineffective or removed from aircraft so as not to interfere with other serviceable systems. The
pilot in charge of the aircraft must also be informed of the same by the maintenance personnel
responsible for releasing the aircraft.

3.6 The radio equipment shall be installed and operated with a licence issued under the Indian
Telegraph Act of 1885 and the rules made thereunder as amended from time to time and in a
manner approved by DGCA.

4 Aeroplane Instruments and Equipment -- Commercial Air Transport operation

4.1 General

In addition to the minimum equipment necessary for the issuance of a Certificate of Airworthiness, the
instruments and equipment prescribed in the following paragraphs shall be installed or carried, as
appropriate, in aeroplane according to the aeroplane used and to the circumstances under which the
flight is to be conducted.

4.2 All aeroplanes on all flights

4.2.1 An aeroplane shall be equipped with instruments which will enable the flight crew to control the flight
path of the aeroplane, carry out any required procedural manoeuvres and observe the operating
limitation of the aeroplane in the expected operating conditions.

4.2.2 An aeroplane shall be equipped with

(a) accessible and adequate medical supplies appropriate to the passengers carrying capacity of
the aircraft in accordance with CAR Sec 2 Series ‘X’ Part III:

1) one or more first-aid kit for normal use; and

2) one physician kit for emergency use stowed so as to be readily accessible and near an exit
as required by CAR Sec 2 Series 'X' Part III.

(b) portable fire extinguishers of a type which, when discharged, will not cause dangerous
contamination of the air within the aeroplane. At least one shall be located in :

1) the pilot's compartment; and

2) each passenger compartment that is separate from the pilot's compartment and that is not
readily accessible to the flight crew.
c) 1) a seat or berth for each person over an age of two years;
2) a seat belt for each seat and restraining belts for each berth;
3) a safety harness for each flight crew seat. The safety harness for each pilot seat must
incorporate a device which will automatically restrain the occupant's torso in the event of
rapid deceleration.
4) The safety harness for each pilot seat should incorporate a device to prevent a suddenly
incapacitated pilot from interfering with the flight controls.

Note 1 : Safety harness includes shoulder straps and a seat belt which may be used
independently.
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(d) a crash axe for use in emergency; stored in a place not visible to passengers on the aeroplane.

(e) one megaphone should be available for seating capacity of more than 60 and less than 100
passengers at most rearward location in the passenger cabin an two megaphones shall be
installed with passenger capacity of more than 99 passengers, one at the forward end and the
other at the rearward location; and

(f) any such other equipment as required to be carried, by DGCA.

4.3 All aeroplanes operated in accordance with Visual Flight Rules (VFR).

4.3.1 All aeroplane when operated in accordance with VFR shall be equipped with:

(a) a magnetic compass;

(b) an accurate time piece indicating the time in hours, minutes and seconds.
(c) a sensitive pressure altimeter;
(d) an airspeed indicator;
(e) rpm indicator for each engine;
(f) out side air temperature indicator;
(g) oil pressure indicator for each engine;
(h) oil quantity indicator for each tank;
(i) CHT indicator for each engine having rated BHP above 250 or EGT gauge for each
engine in case turbine engine is fitted;
(j) oil temperature gauge for each engine;
(k) Manifold pressure gauge for each engine, fitted with variable pitch propeller and/or is
super charged
(l) fuel quantity indicator for each tank;
(m) landing gear position indicator for aircraft fitted with retractable landing gear.

4.3.2 VFR flights which are operated as controlled flights shall be equipped in accordance with
instrument flight rule.

4.4 All aeroplane operated in accordance with Instrument Flight Rules(IFR).

All aeroplane when operated in accordance with the instrument flight rules, or when the aeroplane
cannot be maintained in a desired attitude without reference to one or more flight instruments, shall
be equipped with

(a) a turn and bank indicator;

(b) an attitude indicator (artificial horizon),
(c) a heading indicator (directional gyroscope)

Note: The requirements of (a), (b) and (c) may be met by combination of instruments or by
integrated flight director system provided that the safeguards against total failure, inherent in three
separate instruments, are retained.

(d) a means of indicating whether the power supply to the gyroscopic instrument is adequate;

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(e) a means of indicating in the cockpit the outside air temperature;

(f) a means of preventing malfunctioning of air speed indicator due to either condensation or icing;
(g) a rate of climb and descent indicator;
(h) information relating to communication facilities, navigation aids and aerodromes appropriate to
the flight;
(i) a generator of adequate capacity.
(j) two sensitive pressure altimeters. Aeroplane imported into the country ,after 1st July 2000,
shall be fitted with two sensitive pressure Altimeters with counter drum pointer or
equivalent presentations.

Note.-Neither three pointer nor drum pointer altimeters satisfy the requirement in (j) above.

(k) a magnetic compass,

(l) an accurate timepiece indicating the time in hours, minutes and seconds,

Note- the aeroplane should have been type certified for IFR flights.

4.5 All aeroplanes when operated at night

In addition to instruments referred for IFR, the aeroplane engaged in night flying shall have the
following instruments/equipment installed :

(a) position lights;

(b) anti collision light;
(c) two landing lights;
(d) illumination for all instruments and equipment that are essential for safe operation of aircraft
that are used by flight crew;
(e) hand torches for each crew station;
(f) light for all passenger compartments and in cockpit;
(g) adequate source of electrical energy.

4.6 All aeroplane on flights over water

4.6.1 Seaplanes

All seaplanes for all flights shall be equipped with

(a) one life jacket or equivalent individual flotation device, for each person on board, stowed in a
position easily accessible from the seat or berth of a person for whose use it is provided.

(b) equipment for making the sound signal prescribed in the international regulations for preventing
collisions at Sea, where applicable, and;

(c) one sea anchor (drogue)

Note : "Seaplanes" include amphibians operated as seaplanes.

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4.6.2 Landplanes

4.6.2.1 Landplanes shall carry the equipment prescribed in para 4.6.2.2:

(a) when flying over water and at a distance of more than 50 NM (93 km) away from the shore,
in the case of landplanes operated with:

i) En-route - one engine in-operative: The aeroplane shall be able, in the event of
critical engine becoming inoperative at any point along the route or planned
diversion therefrom, to continue the flight to an aerodrome without flying below the
minimum flight altitude at any point.; or

ii) En-route – two engine in-operative: In the case of aeroplanes having three or more
engines, on any part of a route where the location of en-route alternate aerodromes
and the total duration of the flight are such that the probability of a second engine
becoming inoperative must be allowed for if the general level of safety is to be
maintained, the aeroplane shall be able to, in the event of any two engines
becoming inoperative to continue the flight to an en-route alternate aerodrome and
land.

(b) when flying en route over water beyond gliding distance from the shore, in the case of all
other landplanes; and

(c) when taking off or landing at an aerodrome where, in the opinion of DGCA, the take-off or
approach path is so disposed over water that in the event of a mishap there would be a
likelihood of a ditching.

4.6.2.2 The equipment referred to in 4.6.2.1 shall comprise one life jacket or equivalent individual
floatation device for each person on board, stowed in a position easily accessible from the seat
or berth of the person for whose use it is provided.

Note.- "Landplanes" includes amphibians operated as landplanes.

4.6.3 All aeroplanes on long range over water flights

4.6.3.1 In addition to the equipment prescribed in 4.6.1 or 4.6.2 whichever is applicable, the following
equipment shall be installed in all aeroplanes when used over routes on which the aeroplane
may be over water and at more than a distance corresponding to 120 minutes at cruising
speed or 400 NM (740 km), whichever is the lesser, away from land suitable for making an
emergency landing in the case of aircraft operated with:

i) En-route - one engine in-operative: The aeroplane shall be able, in the event of
critical engine becoming inoperative at any point along the route or planned
diversion therefrom, to continue the flight to an aerodrome without flying below the
minimum flight altitude at any point, or

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ii)En-route – two engine in-operative: In the case of aeroplanes having three or more
engines, on any part of a route where the location of en-route alternate
aerodromes and the total duration of the flight are such that the probability of a
second engine becoming inoperative must be allowed for if the general level of
safety is to be maintained, the aeroplane shall be able to, in the event of any two
engines becoming inoperative to continue the flight to an en-route alternate
aerodrome and land.; and

30 minutes or 100 NM (185 km), whichever is the lesser, for all other aeroplanes:

a) life-saving rafts in sufficient numbers to carry all persons on board, stowed so as to

facilitate their ready use in emergency, provided with such life-saving equipment
including means of sustaining life as is appropriate to the flight to be undertaken; and
b) equipment for making the pyrotechnical distress signals described in ICAO Annex 2.

4.6.3.2 Each life jacket and equivalent individual floatation device, when carried in accordance with
4.6.1 a), 4.6.2.1 and 4.6.2.2, shall be equipped with a means of electric illumination
for the purpose of facilitating the location of persons, except where the requirement of 4.6.2.1
c) is met by the provision of individual floatation devices other than life jackets.

4.7 All aeroplanes on flights over designated land areas.

Aeroplane when operated across land areas which have been designated by AAI as areas in
which search and rescues would be especially difficult, shall be equipped with at least one
survival radio equipment, stowed so as to facilitate its ready use in an emergency which
operates on VHF. The equipment shall be portable, not dependent for operation upon the
aircraft power supply and capable of being operated away from the aircraft by unskilled
persons. Aeroplane shall also be equipped with such signaling devices and life-saving
equipment (including means of sustaining life), as may be appropriate to the area overflown.

4.8 All aeroplanes on high altitude flight

4.8.1 An aeroplane intended to be operated at altitudes at which the atmospheric pressure is less
than 700 mb shall be provided with oxygen storage and dispensing apparatus capable of
storing and dispensing the oxygen supplies required to supply :

a) all crew members and 10% passengers for any period in excess of 30 minutes that the
pressure in the compartment occupied by them will be between 700 mb. and 620 mb.; and
(b) the crew and passengers for any period that the atmospheric pressure in compartments
occupied by them will be less than 620 mb.

4.8.2 An aeroplane intended to be operated at flight altitudes at which the atmospheric pressure is
less than 700 mb but which is provided with means of maintaining pressures greater than 700
mb in personnel compartments shall be provided with oxygen storage and dispensing
apparatus capable of storing and dispensing the oxygen supplies required.
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 CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 2
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4.8.3 Pressurised aeroplanes which are intended to be operated at flight altitude at which the atmospheric
pressure would be less than 376 mb., shall be equipped with the device to provide positive warning to the
pilot of any dangerous loss of pressurisation.

4.8.4 An aeroplane intended to be operated at flight altitudes at which the atmospheric pressure is less than
376 mb, or which. if operated at flight altitudes at which the atmospheric pressure is more than 376 mb,
cannot descend safely within four minutes to a flight altitude at which the atmospheric pressure is equal to
620 mb shall be provided with automatically deployable oxygen equipment to satisfy the requirements ie"
if aeroplane cannot descend safely to a flight altitude at which the atmospheric pressure is equal to 620
mb, within four minutes, there shall be no less than a 10 minute supply for the occupants of the passenger
compartment." The total number of oxygen dispensing units shall exceed the number of passenger and
cabin attendant seats by at least 10 per cent.

Note:-Approximate altitude in the standard atmosphere corresponding to the value of absolute pressure
used in the text are as follows:

Absolute Pressure Meters Feet

700 mb 3000 10000

620 mb 4000 13000
376 mb 7600 25000

4.9 All aeroplane in icing conditions

All aircraft shall be equipped with suitable anti-icing and/or de-icing devices when operated in
circumstances in which icing conditions are reported to exist or are expected to be encountered

4.10 Emergency power supply for electrically operated attitude indicating instruments

4.10.1 All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take off mass of over 5700kg newly introduced into service after
1st January, 1975, shall be fitted with an emergency power supply independent of the main electrical
generating system for the purpose of operating and illuminating for a minimum period of 30 minutes,
artificial horizon clearly visible to the pilot-in-command. This emergency supply shall be automatically
operative after total failure of the main electrical generating system and clear indication shall be given on
the instrument panel that the attitude indicator is being operated by emergency power.

4.10.2 Those instruments that are used by any one pilot shall be so arranged as to permit the pilot to see their
indication readily from his or her station, with the minimum practicable deviation from the position and line
of vision normally assumed when looking forward along the flight path.

4.11 Significant weather detection

When carrying passengers, pressurised aeroplane should be equipped with operative weather radar or
other significant weather detection equipment whenever such aeroplane are operated in areas where
thunderstorms or other potentially hazardous weather conditions may be expected to exist along the
route either at night or under Instrument Meteorological Conditions.

Note:- After 31.1.2003 all aircraft permitted to fly in IMC/Night Conditions and carrying passengers(s) should
mandatorily have serviceable weather radar, provided the STC is available or the manufacturer has
installed this equipment, as a part of the type certificate of aircraft and the pilots operating such flights
should undergo prior training in operating/interpretation of weather radar picture.

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CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 2
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4.12 All aeroplanes operated above 49,000 ft. shall carry equipment to measure and indicate
continuously the dose rate of total cosmic radiation being received and the cumulative dose on
each flight. The display unit of the equipment shall be visible to a flight crew member.

4.13 Mach number indicator

All aeroplanes with speed limitations expressed in terms of Mach number, shall be equipped
with a Mach number indicator.

4.14 Aeroplane required to be equipped with Ground Proximity Warning system (GPWS)

The operator shall ensure that requirement laid down in the CAR Section 2 Series ' I ' Part VII
in relation to the installation of Ground Proximity Warning system (GPWS) are followed.

4.15 Flight Recorders:

The operator shall ensure that requirement laid down in the CAR Section 2 Series ' I ' Part V
and VI in relation to the fitment of Flight Data Recorder and Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR)
respectively shall be complied with.

4.16 Aeroplane required to be equipped with Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS)

The operator shall ensure that requirement laid down in the CAR Section 2 Series ' I ' Part VIII
in relation to the installation of Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) are followed.

4.17 Aeroplane required to be equipped with Pressure Altitude Reporting Transponder

The operator shall ensure that requirement laid down in the CAR Section 2 Series ' R ' Part IV
in relation to the installation of Pressure Altitude Reporting Transponder are followed.

4.18 Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)

4.18.1 Except as provided for in 4.18.2, until 1 January 2005 all aeroplanes operated on long range
over water flights shall be equipped with at least two survival ELTs.

4.18.2 All aeroplanes for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued after 1 January
2002, operated on long range over water flights shall be equipped with at least two ELTs, one
of which shall be automatic.

4.18.3 From 1 January 2005, all aeroplanes operated on long range over water flights shall be
equipped with at least two ELTs, one of which shall be automatic.

4.18.4 Except as provided for in 4.18.5, until 1 January 2005 aeroplanes on flights over designated
land areas shall be equipped with at least one ELT(s).

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4.18.5 All aeroplanes for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued after 1 January
2002, on flights over designated land areas shall be equipped with at least one automatic ELT.

4.18.6 From 1 January 2005, aeroplanes on flights over designated land areas shall be equipped with
at least one automatic ELT.

4.18.7 All aeroplanes shall be fitted with an ELT meeting the requirements as laid down in FAA TSO
C-91a operating on frequency of 121.5 MHz for a minimum period of 48 hours which should
be of the type as given below:

(i) For all aeroplanes flying over land the ELT should be capable of being activated due to
impact of 'G' load as specified in FAA TSO C-91a . However ELT to TSO C91 may also
continue to be used if already installed on the aeroplane.

(ii) For all aeroplanes flying over water the ELT should be of water activated type.

(iii) All aeroplanes operating over water beyond a distance of 100 NM from the sea shore
shall be equipped with at least two water activated ELT.

4.17.8 ELT equipment carried to satisfy the requirements of 4.18.1,4.18.2, 4.18.3, 4.18.4, 4.18.5,
and 4.18.6 shall operate in accordance with the provision of ICAO Annex 10 Volume III.

Note 1: The above requirement is not applicable to aircraft engaged in training flights/
research and development work operating within 50 nm of the vicinity of the
airport. For cross country flights the aircraft should be fitted with ELT either
portable or fixed type.

Note 2: (i) Each ELT must be attached to the airplane in such a manner that the
probability of damage to the transmitter in the event of crash impact is
minimised. The ELT must be installed on the aircraft as far as aft , as practicable.

(ii) Batteries used in the ELT must be replaced or recharged, if the batteries
are rechargeable:

(a) when the transmitter has been in use for more than 1 cumulative hour;

or

(b) when 50 percent of their useful life or for rechargeable batteries, 50

percent of their useful life of charge as established by the transmitter
manufacturer has expired.

The new expiration date for replacing or recharging the battery must be
legibly marked on the outside of the transmitter and entered in the aircraft
maintenance record. This does not apply to water activated batteries that are
essentially unaffected during probable storage intervals
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CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 2
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5 Aeroplane Communication and Navigation Equipment -- Commercial Air Transport

operation

5.1 Communication Fquipment

5.1.1 Radio equipment shall be installed and operated with a licence issued under the Indian Telegraph
Act of 1885 and the rules made thereunder as amended from time to time and in a manner
approved by DGCA.

5.1.2 All aeroplane shall be fitted with radio communication equipment capable of

a) conducting two way communication for aerodrome control purposes.

b) receiving meteorological information at any time during flight, and

c) conducting two way communication at any time during flight with atleast one aeronautical
station and with such other aeronautical stations and on such frequencies as may be
prescribed by the appropriate authority. All aircraft fitted with HF communication equipment
shall be capable of operating on SSB mode.

5.1.3 The radio communication equipment shall provide for communications on the aeronautical
emergency frequency 121.5 MHz.

5.2 Navigation Equipment for Operation under IFR

5.2.1 All aeroplane shall be provided with navigation equipment which will enable it to proceed:

(a) in accordance with its operational flight plan;

(b) in accordance with prescribed Required Navigation Performance (RNP) types; and

(c) in accordance with the requirements of air traffic services;

except when if not so precluded by the appropriate authority, navigation for flights under the visual
flight rules is accomplished by visual reference to landmarks.

5.2.2 For flight in defined portion of airspace where based on regional air navigation agreement
minimum navigation performance specifications (MNPS) are prescribed, an aeroplane shall be
provided with navigation equipment which:

(a) continuously provides indications to the flight crew of adherences to or departures from
track to the required degree of accuracy at any point along with the track; and

(b) has been authorised by DGCA for MNPS operations concerned.

5.2.3 For flight in definite portion of airspace where, based on Regional Air Navigation Agreement, a
vertical separation minimum (VSM) of 1000 ft (300m) is applied above FL 290, an aeroplane:
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CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 2
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(a) shall be provided with equipment which is capable of:

i) indicating to the flight crew the flight level being flown;

ii) automatically maintaining a selected flight level;

iii) providing an alert to the flight crew when a deviation occurs from the selected
flight level. The threshold for the alert shall not exceed +/- 300 ft (90m); and

iv) automatically reporting pressure-altitude; and

(b) shall be authorised by DGCA for operation in the airspace concerned.

5.2.4 The aeroplane shall be sufficiently provided with the navigation equipment to ensure that in the
event of failure of one item of equipment at any stage of flight, the remaining equipment will
enable the aircraft to navigate in accordance with para 5.2.1, 5.2.2 and 5.2.3.

5.2.5 On flights in which it is intended to land in Instrument Meteorological Condition (IMC) an

aeroplane shall be provided with a radio equipment capable of receiving signals providing
guidance to a point from which a visual landing can be affected. This equipment shall be
capable of providing such guidance at each aerodrome at which it is intended to land in
instrument meteorological conditions and at any designated alternate aerodromes.

5.3 The equipment installation shall be such that the failure of any single unit required for either
communication or navigation purposes or both will not result in the failure of another unit
required for communication or navigation purposes.

6 Aeroplanes Instruments and Equipment -- General Aviation operation

6.1 All aeroplanes on all flights

6.1.1 General

In addition to the minimum equipment necessary for the issuance of a certificate of

airworthiness, the instruments and equipment prescribed in the following paragraphs shall be
installed or carried, as appropriate, in aeroplanes according to the aeroplane used and to the
circumstances under which the flight is to be conducted.

6.1.2 Instruments

An aeroplane shall be equipped with instruments which will enable the flight crew to control the
flight path of the aeroplane, carry out any required procedural maneuver, and observe the
operating limitations of the aeroplane in the expected operating conditions.

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6.1.3 Equipment

6.1.3.1 All aeroplanes on all flights.

6.1.3.1.1 All aeroplanes on all flights shall be equipped with:

a) an accessible first-aid kit in accordance with CAR Sec 2 Series ‘X’ Part III:

b) portable fire extinguishers of a type which, when discharged, will not cause dangerous
contamination of the air within the aeroplane. At least one shall be located in:

1) the pilot's compartment; and

2) each passenger compartment that is separate from the pilot's compartment and not
readily accessible to the pilot or co-pilot;

c) 1) a seat or berth for each person over an age of two years; and
2) a seat belt for each seat and restraining belts for each berth;

6.1.3.1.2 All aeroplanes on all flights should be equipped with the ground - air signal codes for search
and rescue purpose (Applicable for international flight).

6.1.3.1.3 All aeroplanes on all flights should be equipped with a safety harness for each flight crew
member seat.

Note.- Safety harness includes shoulder strap(s) and a seat belt which may be used
independently.

6.2 All aeroplanes operated as Visual Flight Rules (VFR)

6.2.1 All aeroplanes when operated as VFR flights shall be equipped with:

a) a magnetic compass;
b) an accurate timepiece indicating the time in hours, minutes and seconds;
c) a sensitive pressure altimeter;
d) an airspeed indicator; and
e) such additional instruments or equipment as may be prescribed by the
manufacturer/DGCA.

Note :- On aeroplane below 2,000 Kgs. AUW, in lieu of time piece, reference item (b) the use of
personal watch worn by pilot is acceptable provided it is accurate and shows the time
in hours, minutes and seconds. However this fact should be recorded by the Pilot in
Command on the Pilots acceptance certificate.

6.2.2 VFR flights which are operated as controlled flight should be equipped in accordance with
instrument flight rules ( Applicable for international flight).

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6.3 All aeroplanes operated in accordance with the instrument flight rules(IFR)

All aeroplanes when operated in accordance with the instrument flight rules or when the aeroplane
cannot be maintained in a desired attitude without reference to one or more flight instruments, shall
be equipped with:

a) a magnetic compass;
b) an accurate timepiece indicating the time in hours, minutes and seconds;
c) a sensitive pressure altimeter;
Note.- Due to the long history of misreading, the use of drum-pointer altimeters is not recommended.
d) an airspeed indicator.
Note - When operated in icing condition aircraft shall have means of preventing malfunctioning of air
speed indicating system due to either condensation or icing
e) a turn and slip indicator;
f) an attitude indicator (artificial horizon);
g) a heading indicator (directional gyroscope);
Note.- The requirements of e), f) and g) above, may be met by combinations of instruments or by
integrated flight director systems provided that the safeguards against total failure, inherent in
the three separate instruments, are retained.
h) means of indicating whether the supply of power to the gyroscopic instruments is adequate;
i) a means of indicating in the flight crew compartment the outside air temperature;
j) a rate-of-climb and descent indicator; and
k) such additional instruments or equipment as may be prescribed by the appropriate authority.

Note- the aeroplane should have been type certified for IFR flights.

6.4 All aeroplanes when operated at night

All aeroplanes, when operated at night, shall be equipped with:

a) all the equipment specified in instrument flight rules ;

b) position lights
c) anti collision lights
d) a landing light;
e) illumination for all flight instruments and equipment that are essential for the safe operation of
the aeroplane;
f) lights in all passenger compartments; and
g) an electric torch for each crew member station.

6.5 All aeroplane on flight over water

6.5.1 Seaplanes

All seaplanes for all flights shall be equipped with:

a) one life jacket, or equivalent individual floatation device, for each person on board, stowed in a
position readily accessible from his seat or berth;

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CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 2
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b) equipment for making the sound signals for Preventing Collisions at Sea, where applicable;
c) one anchor;
d) one sea anchor (drogue), when necessary to assist in maneuvering.

Note.- "Seaplanes" includes amphibians operated as seaplanes.

6.5.2 Landplanes

6.5.2.1 Single-Engine Aeroplanes.

All single-engine landplanes when flying en- route over water beyond gliding distance from the
shore should carry one life jacket or equivalent individual floatation device for each person on
board, stowed in a position easily accessible from the seat or berth of the person for whose
use it is provided.

Note.- "Landplanes" includes amphibians operated as landplanes.

6.5.3 All aeroplanes on extended flights over water

All aeroplanes when operated on extended flights over water shall be equipped with:

a) when the aeroplane may be over water at a distance of more than 50 NM (93 km) away from
land suitable for making an emergency landing:

one life jacket or equivalent individual floatation device for each person on board,
stowed in a position easily accessible from the seat or berth of the person for whose
use it is provided;

b) when over water away from land suitable for making an emergency landing at a distance of
more than 100 NM (185 km ), in the case of single-engine aeroplanes, and more than 200 NM
(370 km ), in the case of multi-engine aeroplanes capable of continuing flight with one engine
inoperative:

1) life-saving rafts in sufficient numbers to carry all persons on board, stowed so as to

facilitate their ready use in emergency, provided with such lifesaving equipment
including means of sustaining life as is appropriate to the flight to be undertaken; and

2) equipment for making the pyrotechnical distress signals described in ICAO Annex 2.

6.6 Mach number indicator

All aeroplanes with speed limitations expressed in terms of Mach number shall be equipped with
a Mach number indicator.

Note.- This does not preclude the use of the airspeed indicator to derive Mach number.

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6.7 Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS)

Aeroplanes so defined in CAR Section 2 Series “I” Part VII shall be fitted with Ground Proximity
Warning System (GPWS).

6.8 Flight Recorders

Aeroplanes so defined in CAR Section 2 Series “I” Part V and VI shall be fitted with Flight Data
Recorder and Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) respectively.

6.9 Aeroplane required to be equipped with Pressure Altitude Reporting Transponder

The operator shall ensure that requirement laid down in the CAR Section 2 Series ' R ' Part IV in
relation to the installation of Pressure Altitude Reporting Transponder are followed.

6.10 Aeroplane required to be equipped with Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS)

The operator shall ensure that requirement laid down in the CAR Section 2 Series ' I ' Part VIII in
relation to the installation of Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) are followed.

6.11 Emergency locator transmitter (ELT)

All aeroplanes shall be fitted with Emergency locator transmitter (ELT) as required for
commercial air transport operation.

6.12 All aeroplanes on flights over designated land areas

Aeroplanes when operated across land areas which have been designated by Airports
Authority of India as areas in which search and rescue would be especially difficult, shall be
equipped with such signaling devices and life-saving equipment (including means of sustaining
life) as may be appropriate to the area overflown.

6.13 All aeroplanes on high altitude flights

6.13.1 All aeroplanes intended to be operated at high altitudes shall be equipped with oxygen storage
and dispensing apparatus capable of storing and dispensing the sufficient oxygen supplies
required for crew members and passenger .

6.13.2 Pressurized aeroplanes intended to be operated at flight altitudes at which the atmospheric
pressure is less than 376 hPa shall be equipped with a device to provide positive warning to
the flight crew of any dangerous loss of pressurization.

6.14 All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take off mass of

over 5700kg newly introduced into service after 1st January, 1975, shall be
fitted with an emergency power supply independent of the main electrical generating
system for the purpose of operating and illuminating for a minimum period of 30
Rev. 1, 17 th Sept. 1999 16
CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 2
th
SERIES ‘I’ PART II 24 APRIL, 1992
minutes, artificial horizon clearly visible to the pilot-in-command. This emergency supply shall be
automatically operative after total failure of the main electrical generating system and clear
indication shall be given on the instrument panel that the attitude indicator is being operated by
emergency power.

6.15 Significant weather detection

When carrying passengers, pressurised aeroplane shall be equipped with operative weather radar
or other significant weather detection equipment whenever such aeroplane are operated in areas
where thunderstorms or other potentially hazardous weather conditions may be expected to exist
along the route either at night or under Instrument Meteorological Conditions.

Note:- After 31.1.2003 all aircraft permitted to fly in IMC/Night Conditions and carrying
passengers(s) should mandatorily have serviceable weather radar, provided the STC is available or
the manufacturer has installed this equipment, as a part of the type certificate of aircraft and the
pilots operating such flights should undergo prior training in operating/interpretation of weather
radar picture.

7. Aeroplane Communication And Navigation Equipment-- General Aviation operation

7.1 Communication equipment

7.1.1 An aeroplane to be operated in accordance with the instrument flight rules or at night shall be
provided with radio communication equipment. Such equipment shall be capable of conducting
two-way communication with those aeronautical stations and on those frequencies prescribed by
the appropriate authority or the appropriate foreign authority when abroad.

7.1.2 When compliance with 7.1.1 requires that more than one communications equipment unit be
provided, each shall be independent of the other or others to the extent that a failure in any one will
not result in failure of any other (Applicable to international flight).

7.1.3 An aeroplane to be operated in accordance with the visual flight rules, but as a controlled flight,
shall, unless exempted by DGCA be provided with radio communication equipment capable of
conducting two-way communication at any time during flight with such aeronautical stations and on
such frequencies as may be prescribed by the appropriate authority.

7.1.4 An aeroplane to be operated on extended flights over water or flight over designated land areas
shall, unless exempted by DGCA, be provided with radio communication equipment capable of
conducting two-way communication at any time during flight with such aeronautical stations and on
such frequencies as may be prescribed by the appropriate authority / DGCA.

7.1.5 The radio communication equipment required in accordance with 7.1.1 to 7.1.4 shall provide for
communication on the aeronautical emergency frequency 121.5 MHz.

7.2 Navigation equipment

7.2.1 An aeroplane shall be provided with navigation equipment which will enable it to proceed:
a) in accordance with the flight plan-,
b) in accordance with prescribed Required Navigation Performance (RNP )types, and
c) in accordance with the requirements of air traffic services;

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except when, if not so precluded by DGCA, navigation for flights under the visual flight rules is
accomplished by visual reference to landmarks at least every 60 NM (110 km).

7.2.2 For flights in defined portions of airspace where, based on Regional Air Navigation Agreement,
minimum navigation performance specifications (MNPS) are prescribed, an aeroplane shall be
provided with navigation equipment which:

a) continuously provides indications to the flight crew of adherence to or departure from track
to the required degree of accuracy at any point along that track; and

b) has been authorized by the DGCA for MNPS operations concerned.

7.2.3 For flights in defined portions of airspace where, based on Regional Air Navigation Agreement,
a vertical separation minimum (VSM) of 1 000 ft (300 m) is applied ,above FL 290, an
aeroplane:

a) shall be provided with equipment which is capable of:

1) indicating to the flight crew the flight level being flown;

2) automatically maintaining a selected flight level;
3) providing an alert to the flight crew when a deviation occurs from the selected flight
level. The threshold for the alert shall not exceed 300 ft (+-90 m), and
4) automatically reporting pressure-altitude; and

b) shall be authorized by the DGCA for operation in the airspace concerned.

7.2.4 The aeroplane shall be sufficiently provided with navigation equipment to ensure that, in the
event of the failure of one item of equipment at any stage of the flight, the remaining equipment
will enable the aeroplane to proceed in accordance with 7.2.1 and where applicable 7.2.2 and
7.2.3.

7.2.5 On flights in which it is intended to land in instrument meteorological conditions, an aeroplane

shall be provided with radio equipment capable of receiving signals providing guidance to a
point from which a visual landing can be effected. This equipment shall be capable of
providing such guidance for each aerodrome at which it is intended to land in instrument
meteorological conditions and for any designated alternate aerodromes.

8. Helicopter Instruments and Equipment -- Commercial Air Transport operation

8.1 General

In addition to the minimum equipment necessary for the issuance of a certificate of

airworthiness, the instruments, equipment and flight documents prescribed in the following
paragraphs shall be installed or carried, as appropriate, in helicopter according to the
helicopter used and to the circumstances under which the flight is to be conducted.

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8.2 All helicopters on all flights

8.2.1 A helicopter shall be equipped with instruments which will enable the flight crew to control the flight
path of the helicopter, carry out any required procedural manoeuvres and observe the operating
limitation of the helicopter in the expected operating conditions.

8.2.2 Helicopters shall be equipped with

a) one or more first-aid kits as appropriate to the number of passengers the helicopter is
authorised to carry in accordance with CAR Sec 2 Series ‘X’ Part III;

b) portable fire extinguishers of a type which, when discharged, will not cause dangerous
contamination of the air within the helicopter. At least one shall be located in:

1) the pilot's compartment; and

2) each passenger compartment that is separate from the pilot's compartment and that is not
readily accessible to the flight crew.

c) 1) a seat or berth for each person over an age of two years;

2) a seat belt for each seat and restraining belts for each berth; and

3) a safety harness for each flight crew seat. The safety harness for each pilot seat must
incorporate a device which will automatically restrain the occupant's torso in the event of
rapid deceleration.
4) the safety harness for each pilot seat should incorporate a device to prevent a suddenly
incapacitated pilot from interfering with the flight controls.

Note: Safety harness includes shoulder straps and a seat belt which may be used independently.

8.3 All helicopter operated in accordance with Visual Flight Rules(VFR)

8.3.1 All helicopters when operated in accordance with VFR shall be equipped with:

a) a magnetic compass;
c) an accurate time piece indicating the time in hours, minutes and seconds.
d) a sensitive pressure altimeter;
e) an airspeed indicator;
f) main rotor rpm indicator
g) out side air temperature indicator on engines having provisions for carburetor heat
control in case carburetor air temperature gauge is not installed.
h) oil pressure indicator for each engine;
i) oil quantity indicator for each tank. A dip stick or a sight gauge is acceptable.
j) CHT indicator for each engine having rated BHP above 250 or an EGT gauge for each jet
engine.
k) oil temperature gauge for each turbine engine/piston engine having rated BHP above 250 .
l) fuel quantity indicator for each tank

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m) Torque Indicator/RPM indicator, where applicable.

8.3.2 VFR flights which are operated as controlled flights shall be equipped in accordance with
Instruments Flight Rules.

8.4 All helicopters when operated in accordance with Instruments Flight Rules(IFR)

8.4.1 All helicopter when operated in accordance with Instruments Flight Rules, or when the helicopter
cannot be maintained in a desired attitude without reference to one or more flight instruments, shall
be equipped with

(a) Magnetic compass

(b) An accurate time piece indicating the time in hours, minutes and seconds.
(c) Two sensitive pressure altimeters.
Helicopter imported into the country after 1st July 2000, shall be fitted with two
sensitive pressure Altimeters with counter drum pointer or equivalent presentations.

Note.- Neither three– pointer nor drum– pointer altimeters satisfy the requirement in (c) above.

(d) An airspeed indicating system with means of preventing malfunctioning due to either
condensation or icing;
(e) A slip indicator
(f) three attitude indicators.(artificial horizon), one of which may be replaced by a turn indicator
(g) heading indicator (directional gyroscope);

Note: The requirements of (e) (f) and (g) above may be met by combination of instruments or
by integrated flight director systems provided that the safeguards against the total failures,
inherent in the separate instruments, are retained.

(h) a means of indicating whether the power supply to the gyroscopic instrument is adequate;
(i) a means of indicating in the flight crew compartment the outside air temperature;
(j) rate of climb and descent indicator ;
(k) a stabilization system, unless it has been demonstrated to the satisfaction of the DGCA that
the helicopter possesses, by nature of its design, adequate stability without such a system;
and
(l) Such additional instruments or equipment as may be prescribed by the DGCA.

Note- the helicopter should have been type certified for IFR flighs.

8.4.2 All performance class 1 and class 2 helicopters when operated in accordance with the Instrument
Flight Rules shall be fitted with an emergency power supply, independent of the main electrical
generating system for the purpose of operating and illuminating for a minimum period of 30
minutes, an attitude indicating instrument (artificial horizon) clearly visible to the pilot-in-
command. This emergency supply shall be automatically operative after total failure of the main
electrical generating system and clear indication shall be given on the instrument panel that the
attitude indicator(s), is being operated by emergency power.

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8.5 All helicopters when operated at night

8.5.1 All helicopters, when operated at night shall be equipped with:

a) all equipment specified in Instruments Flight Rules.

b) position lights;
c) anti-collision lights;
d) two landing lights each fitted with single filament lamps or light having dual filament lamp with
separately energised filaments;
e) illumination for all instruments and equipment that are essential for the safe operation of the
helicopter that are used by the flight crew;
f) an electric torch for each crew member station;
g) lights in all passenger compartments and cockpit; and
h) adequate source of electrical energy.

8.5.2 One of the landing lights should be trainable, at least in the vertical plane.

8.6 All helicopters on flights over water

8.6.1 Means of floatation

All helicopters intended to be flown over water shall be fitted with a permanent or rapidly
deployable means of floatation so as to ensure a safe ditching of the helicopter when:

a) flying over water at a distance from land corresponding to more than 10 minutes at
normal cruise speed in the case of performance Class 1 or 2 helicopters, or

b) flying over water beyond autorotational or safe forced landing distance from land in
the case of performance Class 3 helicopters.

8.6.2 Emergency equipment

8.6.2.1 Performance Class 1 and 2 helicopters. operating in accordance with the provisions of
8.6.1 shall be equipped with:

a) one life jacket, or equivalent individual floatation device, for each person on board, stowed in a
position easily accessible from the seat or berth of the person for whose use it is provided;

b) life saving rafts in sufficient numbers/capacity to carry all persons on board, stowed so as to
facilitate their ready use in emergency, provided with such life-saving equipment including
means of sustaining life as is appropriate to the flight to be undertaken. and equipment for
making the pyrotechnical distress signals;

c) one set of survival radio equipment per raft , but

not more than a total of two sets stowed as to facilitate their
ready use in an emergency, which operate on VHF. The equipment should be portable, water
Rev. 1, 17 th Sept. 1999 21
CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 2
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resistant, self buoyant, not dependant for operations upon the helicopter power supply and
capable of being operated away from the helicopter by unskilled persons.

8.6.2.2 Performance Class 3 helicopters when operating over water beyond autorotational distance
from land shall be equipped as specified in 8.6.2.1.

8.6.2.3 In the case of performance Class 2 and Class 3 helicopters, when taking off or landing at a
heliport where, in the opinion of the DGCA the take-off or approach path is so disposed over
water that in the event of a mishap there would be likelihood of a ditching, at least the
equipment required in 8.6.2.1 a) shall be carried.

8.6.2.4 Each life jacket and equivalent individual flotation device when carried in accordance with 8.6
shall be equipped with a means of electric illumination for the purpose of facilitating the
location of persons.

8.6.2.5 Rafts which are not deployable by remote control and which have a mass of more than 40 kg
should be equipped with some means of mechanically assisted deployment

8.7 All helicopters on flights over designated land areas :

Helicopters, when operated across land areas which have been designated by AAI as areas in
which search and rescue would be especially difficult, shall be equipped with at least one
survival radio equipment stowed so as to facilitate its ready use in an emergency which
operates on VHF. The equipment shall be portable, not dependent for operation upon the
helicopter power supply and capable of being operated away from the helicopter by unskilled
persons. Helicopter shall also be equipped with such signaling devices and life-saving
equipment (including means of sustaining life), as may be appropriate to the area overflown.

8.8 All Helicopters in icing conditions

All helicopters shall be equipped with suitable anti-icing and/or de-icing devices when
operated in circumstances in which icing conditions are reported to exist or are expected to be
encountered.

8.9 Significant weather detection

Helicopters when carrying passengers, should be equipped with operative weather radar or
other significant weather detection equipment whenever such helicopter are being operated in
areas where thunderstorms or other potentially hazardous weather conditions regarded as
detectable, may be expected to exist along the route either at night or under Instrument
Meteorological Conditions.

8.10 Helicopters required to be equipped with Pressure Altitude Reporting Transponder

Helicopters shall be fitted with Pressure Altitude Reporting Transponder in accordance with
CAR Section 2 Series ‘R’ Part IV.
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8.11 Emergency Locator Transmitter: (ELT)

8.11.1 Except as provided for in para 8.11.2, until 1 January 2005 all Performance Class 1 ,2 and 3
helicopters operating on flights over water shall be equipped with a least one ELT(s) per raft
carried but not more than a total of two ELTs are required.

8.11.2 Performance Class 1 and 2 helicopters for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first
issued after 1 January 2002, operating on flights over water as described in para 8.11.1 (a) and
Performance Class 3 helicopters for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued
after 1 January 2002, operating as described in para 8.11.1 (b) shall be equipped with a least one
automatic ELT and at least one ELT(s) in a raft.

8.11.3 From 1 January 2005, all Performance Class 1 and 2 helicopters operating on flights over water as
described in para 8.11.1 (a) and Performance Class 3 helicopters operating as described in para
8.11.1 (b) shall be equipped with a least one automatic ELT and at least one ELT(s) in a raft.

8.11.4 Except as provided for in 8.11.5 until 1 January 2005 helicopters on flights over designated land
areas shall be equipped with at least one ELT.

8.11.5 Helicopters for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued after 1 January 2002,
on flights over designated land areas shall be equipped with at least one automatic ELT.

8.11.6 From 1 January 2005, helicopters on flights over designated land areas shall be equipped with at
least one automatic ELT.

8.11.7 All helicopters shall be fitted with an ELT meeting the requirement as laid down in FAA TSO
C91a.

8.11.8 The ELT equipment carried, shall operate in accordance with the relevant provision of ICAO
Annex 10 Volume III.

8.11.9 All helicopters intended to be operated over water shall be fitted with an under water locating
beacon (ULB) on their primary structure.

8.12 All helicopters on high altitude flight

8.12.1 A helicopter intended to be operated at altitudes at which the atmospheric pressure is less than
700 mb in personnel compartments, shall be equipped with oxygen storage and dispensing
apparatus capable of storing and dispensing the oxygen supplies required to supply:

a) all crew members and 10% of the passengers for any period in excess of 30 minutes that the
pressure in the compartment occupied by them will be between 700 mb and 620 mb; and

b) the crew and passengers for any period that the atmospheric pressure in compartments occupied
by them will be less than 620 mb.

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CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 2
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8.12.2 A helicopter intended to be operated at flight altitudes at which the atmospheric pressure is less
than 700 mb but which is provided with means of maintaining pressure greater than 700 mb in
personnel compartments shall be provided with oxygen storage and dispensing apparatus capable
of storing and dispensing the oxygen supplies require.

8.12.3 A helicopter intended to be operated at flight altitudes at which the atmospheric pressure is more
than 376 mb, which cannot descend safely within four minutes to a flight altitude at which the
atmospheric pressure is equal to 620 mb, shall be provided with automatically deployable oxygen
equipment to satisfy the requirements i.e " if the helicopter cannot descend safely to a flight altitude
at which the atmospheric pressure is equal to 620 mb, within four minutes, there shall be no less
than a 10 minute supply for the occupants of the passenger compartment." The total number of
oxygen dispensing units shall exceed the number of passenger and cabin crew seats by at least 10
per cent.

Note:-Approximate altitude in the standard atmosphere corresponding to the value of absolute

pressure used in the text are as follows:

Absolute Pressure Meters Feet

700 mb 3000 10000

620 mb 4000 13000
376 mb 7600 25000

9 Helicopter Communication And Navigation Equipment-- Commercial Air Transport

operation

9.1 Communication Equipment

Radio equipment shall be installed and operated with a licence issued under the Indian Telegraph
Act of 1885 and the rules made thereunder as amended from time to time and in a manner
approved by DGCA.

9.1.1 All helicopter shall be fitted with radio communication equipment capable of

a) conducting two way communication for heliport control purposes.

b) receiving meteorological information at any time during flight, and

c) conducting two way communication at any time during flight with at least one station and with
such other aeronautical stations and on such frequencies as may be prescribed by the
appropriate authority. All helicopters fitted with HF communication equipment shall be capable
of operating on SSB mode.

9.1.2 The radio communication equipment shall provide for communications on the aeronautical
emergency frequency 121.5 MHz.

9.2 Navigation Equipment

9.2.1 An helicopter shall be provided with navigation equipment which will enable it to proceed:
Rev. 1, 17 th Sept. 1999 24
CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 2
SERIES ‘I’ PART II 24th APRIL, 1992

a) in accordance with its operational flight plan;

b) in accordance with prescribed Required Navigation Performance (RNP) types; and

c) in accordance with the requirements of air traffic services;

except when, if not so precluded by DGCA, navigation for flights under the visual flight rules is
accomplished by visual reference to landmarks.

9.2.2 The helicopter shall be sufficiently provided with the navigation equipment to ensure that in the
event of failure of one item of equipment at any stage of flight, the remaining equipment will
enable the aircraft to navigate in accordance with para 9.2.1.

9.2.3 On flights in which it is intended to land in Instrument Meteorological Condition (IMC) an

helicopter shall be provided with a radio equipment capable of receiving signals providing
guidance to a point from which a visual landing can be affected. This equipment should be
capable of providing such guidance at each heliport at which it is intended to land in instrument
meteorological conditions and at any designated alternate heliports.

9.3 The equipment installation shall be such that the failure of any single unit required for either
communication or navigation purposes or both will not result in the failure of another unit required
for communication or navigation purposes.

10 Helicopter Instruments and Equipment -- General Aviation operation

10.1 All helicopters on all flights

10.1.1 General

In addition to the minimum equipment necessary for the issuance of a certificate of

airworthiness, the instruments and equipment prescribed in the following paragraphs shall be
installed or carried, as appropriate, in helicopters according to the helicopter used and to the
circumstances under which the flight is to be conducted.

10.1.2 Instruments

A helicopter shall be equipped with instruments which will enable the flight crew to control the
flight path of the helicopter, carry out any required procedural manoeuvre, and observe the
operating limitations of the helicopter in the expected operating conditions.

10.1.3 Equipment

10.1.3.1All helicopters on all flights shall be equipped with:

a) an accessible first-aid kit in accordance with CAR Sec 2 Series ‘X’ Part III;

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CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 2
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b) portable fire extinguishers of a type which, when discharged, will not cause dangerous
contamination of the air within the helicopter. At least one shall be located in:

1) the pilot's compartment; and

2) each passenger compartment that is separate from the pilot's compartment and not
readily accessible to the pilot or co-pilot;

c) 1) a seat or berth for each person over an age of two years; and

2) a seat belt for each seat and restraining belts for each berth;

10.1.3.2 All helicopters on all flights should be equipped with a safety harness for each flight crew
member seat.

Note.- Safety harness includes shoulder strap(s) and a seat belt which may be used
independently.

10.2 All helicopters operated as VFR flights

10.2.1 All helicopters when operated as VFR flights shall be equipped with:

a) a magnetic compass;

b) an accurate timepiece indicating the time in hours, minutes and seconds;

c) a sensitive pressure altimeter;

d) an airspeed indicator;

e) main rotor rpm indicator;

f) out side air temperature indicator on engines having provisions for carburetor heat control
in case carburetor air temperature gauge is not installed;

g) oil pressure indicator for each engine;

h) oil quantity indicator for each tank. A dip stick or a sight gauge is acceptable;

i) CHT indicator for each engine having rated BHP above 250;

j) Oil temperature gauge for each engine having rated BHP above 250;

k) fuel quantity indicator for each tank;

l) Torque indicator, where applicable; and

m) such additional instruments or equipment as may be prescribed by the appropriate

authority.
th
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CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 2
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10.2.2 VFR flights which are operated as controlled flights shall be equipped in accordance with
instrument flight rules

10.3 All helicopters operated in accordance with the instrument flight rules(IFR)

All helicopters, when operated in accordance with the instrument flight rules or when the
helicopter cannot be maintained in a desired attitude without reference to one or more flight
instruments, shall be equipped with:

a) a magnetic compass;

b) an accurate timepiece indicating the time in hours, minutes and seconds;

c) a sensitive pressure altimeter;

Note.- Due to the long history of misreading, the use of drum-pointer altimeters is not allowed.

d) an airspeed indicating system with a means of preventing malfunctioning due to either

condensation or icing;

e) a slip indicator;

f) two attitude indicators (artificial horizon), one of which may be replaced by a turn indicator;

g) a heading indicator (directional gyroscope):

Note.- The requirements of e), f) and g) above, may be met by combinations of instruments or by
integrated flight director systems provided that the safeguards against total failure, inherent in
the separate instruments, are retained.

h) means of indicating whether the supply of power to the gyroscopic instruments is adequate;

i) a means of indicating in the flight crew compartment the outside air temperature;

j) a rate-of-climb and descent indicator; and

k) such additional instruments or equipment as may be prescribed by DGCA.

Note- the helicopter should have been type certified for IFR flights.

10.4 All helicopters when operated at night

10.4.1 All helicopters, when operated at night, shall be equipped with:

a) all the equipment specified in instrument flight rules

b) position light;

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CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 2
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c) anti-collision light;

d) a landing light;

e) illumination for all flight instruments and equipment that are essential for the safe operation of
the helicopter;

f) lights in all passenger compartments; and

g) an electric torch for each crew member station.

10.4.2 The landing light should be trainable, at least in the vertical plane.

10.5 All helicopters on flights over water

10.5.1 Means of floatation

All helicopters intended to be flown over water shall be fitted with a permanent or rapidly
deployable means of floatation device so as to ensure a safe ditching of the helicopter when:

a) flying over water at a distance from land corresponding to more than 10 minutes at normal
cruise speed in the case of performance Class 1 or 2 helicopters; or

b) flying over water beyond autorotational or safe forced landing distance from land in the case
of performance Class 3 helicopters.

10.5.2 Emergency equipment

10.5.2.1 Performance Class 1 and 2 helicopters operating in accordance with the provisions of
10.5.1, shall be equipped with:

a) one life jacket, or equivalent individual floatation device, for each person on board, stowed in
a position easily accessible from the seat or berth of the person for whose use it is
provided;

b) life-saving rafts in sufficient numbers to carry all persons on board, stowed so as to facilitate
their ready use in emergency, provided with such life-saving equipment including means of
sustaining life as is appropriate to the flight to be undertaken; and

c) equipment for making the pyrotechnical distress signals.

10.5.2.2 Performance Class 3 helicopters when operating beyond autorotational distance, shall be
equipped as in 10.5.2.1.

10.5.2.3 In the case of performance Class 2 and Class 3 helicopters, when taking off or landing at a
heliport where the take-off or approach path is so disposed over water that in the event of a
mishap there would be likelihood of a ditching, at least the equipment required in 10.5.2.1 a)
shall be carried.

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10.5.2.4 Each life jacket and equivalent individual floatation device, when carried in accordance with
this 10.5, shall be equipped with a means of electric illumination for the purpose of facilitating
the location of persons.

10.5.2.5 Rafts which are not deployable by remote control and which have a mass of more than 40 kg
should be equipped with some means of mechanically assisted deployment.

10.6 All helicopters on flights over designated land areas

Helicopters, when operated across land areas which have been designated by Airports
Authority India as areas in which search and rescue would be especially difficult, shall be
equipped with such signaling devices and life-saving equipment (including means of sustaining
life) as may be appropriate to the area overflown.

10.7 All helicopters on high altitude flights

10.7.1 Unpressurized helicopters

Unpressurized helicopters intended to be operated at high altitudes shall carry equipment for
storing and dispensing the oxygen supplies .

10.7.2 Pressurised helicopters intended to be operated at high altitudes should carry emergency
oxygen storage and dispensing equipment capable of storing and dispensing the oxygen
supplies.

10.8 Flight recorders

All helicopter shall be fitted with flight data recorder and a cockpit voice recorder in
accordance with CAR Section 2 – Series ‘I’ Part V and VI, respectively.
10.9 Helicopter required to be equipped with pressure altitude reporting transponder.

All helicopters shall be equipped with a pressure altitude reporting transponder in

accordance with CAR Section 2 Series ‘R’ Part IV.

10.10 Emergency locator transmitter (ELT)

All helicopters shall be fitted with Emergency locator transmitter (ELT) as required for
commercial air transport operation.

11. Helicopter Communication And Navigation Equipment-- General Aviation operation

11.1 Communication equipment

Radio equipment shall be installed and operated with a licence issued under the Indian
Telegraph Act of 1885 and the rules made thereunder as amended from time to time and in a
manner approved by DGCA.
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11.1.1 A helicopter to be operated in accordance with the instrument flight rules or at night shall be
provided with radio communication equipment. Such equipment shall be capable of conducting
two-way communication with those aeronautical stations and on those frequencies prescribed by
the appropriate authority.

11.1.2 When compliance with 11.1.1 requires that more than one communication equipment unit be
provided, each shall be independent of the other or others to the extent that a failure in any one will
not result in failure of any other.

11.1.3 A helicopter to be operated in accordance with the visual flight rules, but as a controlled flight,
shall, unless exempted by DGCA, be provided with radio communication equipment capable of
conducting two-way communication at any time during flight with such aeronautical stations and on
such frequencies as may be prescribed by the appropriate authority.

11.1.4 A helicopter to be operated on extended flights over water or flight over designated land areas
shall, unless exempted by DGCA, be provided with radio communication equipment capable of
conducting two-way communication at any time during flight with such aeronautical stations and on
such frequencies as may be prescribed by the appropriate authority.

11.1.5 The radio communication equipment required in accordance with 11.1.1 to 11.1.4 should provide
for communication on the aeronautical emergency frequency 121.5 MHz.

11.1.6 All helicopters fitted with HF communication equipment shall be capable of operating on SSB
Mode.

11.2 Navigation equipment

11.2.1 A helicopter shall be provided with navigation equipment which will enable it to proceed:

a) in accordance with its flight plan;

b) in accordance with prescribed RNP types; and

c) in accordance with the requirements of air traffic services;

except when, if not so precluded by the appropriate authority, navigation for flights under the visual
flight rules is accomplished by visual reference to landmarks. For international general aviation,
landmarks shall be located at least every 60 NM (110 km).

11.2.2 The helicopter shall be sufficiently provided with navigation equipment to ensure that, in the event
of the failure of one item of equipment at any stage of the flight, the remaining equipment will
enable the helicopter to navigate in accordance with 11.2.1.

11.2.3 On flights in which it is intended to land in instrument meteorological

conditions a helicopter shall be provided with radio equipment capable of
receiving signals providing guidance to a point from which a visual
landing can be effected. This equipment shall be capable of providing such guidance at each

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heliport at which it is intended to land in instrument meteorological conditions and at any

designated alternate heliports.

12 Instruments And Equipment Required For Navigator

For flights on which licensed Navigator is required according to Rules, following

instruments/ equipment are required :-

(a) Drift Indicator for machines with seating capacity of more than five persons, according to
Certificate of Airworthiness/ Flight Manual.

(b) Chart table

(c) Navigators Instrument As may be required by the duties and

location of the Navigator.
(d) Navigators Air Speed Indicator

(e) Navigators Altimeter

(f) Navigators Compass

13 Aircraft Instruments and Equipment -- Flying Club and Aerial Work Operation

13.1 All Aircraft on all flights

13.1.1 General

In addition to the minimum equipment necessary for the issuance of a certificate of

airworthiness, the instruments and equipment prescribed in the following paragraphs shall be
installed or carried, as appropriate, in aircraft according to the aircraft used and to the
circumstances under which the flight is to be conducted.

13.1.2 Instruments

An aircraft shall be equipped with instruments which will enable the flight crew to control the
flight path of the aircraft, carry out any required procedural maneuver, and observe the
operating limitations of the aircraft in the expected operating conditions.

13.1.3 Equipment

All aircraft on all flights shall be equipped with:

a) an accessible first-aid kit in accordance with CAR Sec 2 Series ‘X’ Part III:

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b) portable fire extinguishers of a type which, when discharged, will not cause dangerous
contamination of the air within the aircraft. At least one shall be located in the pilot's
compartment; and

d) a seat belt for each seat ,

e) a safety harness for each flight crew member seat.

Note.- Safety harness includes shoulder strap(s) and a seat belt which may be used
independently.

13.2 All aircraft operated as Visual Flight Rules (VFR)

All aircraft when operated as VFR flights shall be equipped with:

(a) Air Speed Indicator (all aircraft with speed limitations expressed in terms of Mach Number
shall be equipped with a Mach Number Indicator).

(b) Pressure Altimeter

(c) Magnetic Compass

(d) RPM indicator for each engine

(e) Out side air temperature indicator on aircraft on engine having provision for carburetor
heat control in case carburetor Air Temperature Gauge is not installed.

(f) Oil pressure indicator for each engine

(g) Oil quantity indicator for each tank (instead of an instrument, it may be a dip stick).

(h) CHT indicator for each air cooled engine having rated BHP above 250.

(i) Temperature gauge for determining the temperature of the coolant for each liquid cooled
engine.

(j) Oil temperature gauge for each air cooled engine having rated BHP above 250.

(k) Manifold pressure gauge for each engine, fitted with variable pitch propeller and/or is
super charged.

(l) Fuel Gauge indicating the quantity of fuel in each tank.

(m)Landing gear position indicator for the aircraft fitted with retractable landing gear.

(n) An accurate time piece, indicating time in hours, minutes and seconds, and
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(o) such other items / equipment as may be prescribed by the manufacturer/DGCA for particular
installation.

Note-1 On aircraft below 2,000 Kgs. AUW, in lieu of time piece reference item (n), the use of personal watch
worn by pilot is acceptable provided it is accurate and shows the time in hours, minutes and
seconds. However, this fact should be recorded by the Pilot in Command on the Pilots acceptance
certificate.

Note -2 The aircraft used for cloud seeding operation shall be fitted with 'G' meter as per DGCA/Misc./18.

Note-3 The aircraft engaged in agro- operation are to be painted with day glow paint at the wing tips.

Note -4 When operated in icing condition aircraft shall have means of preventing malfunctioning of air
speed indicating system due to either condensation or icing

13.3 All aircraft operated at night

All aircraft operated during night shall have the following instruments/equipment installed :-

(a) Instrument / equipment as required for VFR flight.

(b) Position lights (navigation lights) (An unobstructed red light on the left side and green on the right
near the wing tips and a white light near the tail).

(c) Two landing lights each fitted with single filament lamps or light having dual filament lamp with
separately energised filaments. (for flying club aircraft not operated under NSOP (Non-Scheduled
Operators Permit) one landing light or as type certified by the manufacturer is required.

(d) Adequate source of electrical energy for all installed electrical equipment.

(e) Hand torches for each crew station.

(f) Instrument for knowing fore and aft as well as the lateral attitude of the aircraft. ( applicable to
aircraft issued with C of A for first time after 31-12-1984 only)

(g) All the flight instruments and equipment necessary for night flying shall be properly illuminated.

(h) Light in all passenger compartments and in cockpit.

(i) An anti-collision light intended to attract attention to the aircraft (applicable to aircraft issued with C of
A for first time after 31-12-1984 only)

13.4 All aircraft operated in accordance with the instrument flight rules(IFR)

All aircraft when operated in accordance with the instrument flight rules or when the aircraft cannot be
maintained in a desired attitude without reference to one or more flight instruments, shall be equipped
with:

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a) a magnetic compass;

b) an accurate timepiece indicating the time in hours, minutes and seconds;

c) a sensitive pressure altimeter;

Note.- Due to the long history of misreading, the use of drum-pointer altimeters is not
recommended.

d) airspeed indicator ,

Note - When operated in icing condition aircraft shall have means of preventing malfunctioning of
air speed indicating system due to either condensation or icing

e) a turn and slip indicator;

f) an attitude indicator (artificial horizon);

g) a heading indicator (directional gyroscope);

Note.- The requirements of e), f) and g) above, may be met by combinations of instruments or
by integrated flight director systems provided that the safeguards against total failure,
inherent in the three separate instruments, are retained.

h) means of indicating whether the supply of power to the gyroscopic instruments is

adequate;

i) a means of indicating in the flight crew compartment the outside air temperature;

j) a rate-of-climb and descent indicator; and

k) such additional instruments or equipment as may be prescribed by the appropriate

authority.

Note- the aircraft should have been type certified for IFR flights.

13.5 All aircraft on flight over water

13.5.1 Seaplanes

All seaplanes for all flights shall be equipped with:

a) one life jacket, or equivalent individual floatation device, for each person on board, stowed in a
position readily accessible from his seat or berth;

b) equipment for making the sound signals for Preventing Collisions at Sea, where applicable;
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c) one anchor;

d) one sea anchor (drogue), when necessary to assist in maneuvering.

Note.- "Seaplanes" includes amphibians operated as seaplanes.

13.5.2 Landplanes

13.5.2.1 Single -Engine aircraft.

All single-engine landplanes when flying en- route over water beyond gliding distance from the
shore should carry one life jacket or equivalent individual floatation device for each person on
board, stowed in a position easily accessible from the seat or berth of the person for whose use it
is provided.

Note.- "Landplanes" includes amphibians operated as landplanes.

13.5.3 All aircraft on extended flights over water

All aircraft when operated on extended flights over water shall be equipped with:

a) when the aircraft may be over water at a distance of more than 50 NM (93 km) away from land
suitable for making an emergency landing:

one life jacket or equivalent individual floatation device for each person on board, stowed in
a position easily accessible from the seat or berth of the person for whose use it is provided;

b) when over water away from land suitable for making an emergency landing at a distance of
more than 100 NM (185 km ), in the case of single-engine aircraft, and more than 200 NM (370
km ), in the case of multi-engine aircraft capable of continuing flight with one engine inoperative:

(i) life-saving rafts in sufficient numbers to carry all persons on board, stowed so as to
facilitate their ready use in emergency, provided with such lifesaving equipment
including means of sustaining life as is appropriate to the flight to be undertaken; and

(ii) equipment for making the pyrotechnical distress signals described in ICAO Annex 2.

13.6 Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS)

Aircraft so defined in CAR Section 2 Series “I” Part VII shall be fitted with Ground Proximity Warning
System (GPWS).

13.7 Flight Recorders

Aircraft so defined in CAR Section 2 Series “I” Part V and VI shall be fitted with Flight Data Recorder
and Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR), respectively.

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13.8 Aircraft required to be equipped with Pressure Altitude Reporting Transponder

Aircraft so defined in the CAR Section 2 Series ' R ' Part IV shall be fitted with Pressure
Altitude Reporting Transponder .

13.9 Aircraft required to be equipped with Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS)

Aircraft so defined in the CAR Section 2 Series ' I ' Part VIII shall be fitted with Airborne
Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) .

13.10 Emergency locator transmitter (ELT)

All aircraft shall be fitted with an ELT meeting the requirements as laid down in FAA TSO C-
91a operating on frequency of 121.5 MHz for a minimum period of 48 hours which should be
of the type as given below:

(i) For all aircraft flying over land the ELT should be capable of being activated due to impact
of 'G' load as specified in FAA TSO C-91a . However ELT to TSO C91 may also
continue to be used if already installed on the aircraft.

(ii) For all aircraft flying over water the ELT should be of water activated type.

(iii) All aircraft operating over water beyond a distance of 100 NM from the sea shore shall be
equipped with at least two water activated ELT.

Note 1: The above requirement is not applicable to aircraft engaged in training flights/ research
and development work operating within 50 nm of the vicinity of the airport. For cross-
country flights the aircraft should be fitted with ELT either portable or fixed type.

Note 2: Each ELT must be attached to the airplane in such a manner that the probability of
damage to the transmitter in the event of crash impact is minimised. The ELT must be
installed on the aircraft as far as aft , as practicable.

13.11 All aircraft on flights over designated land areas

Aircraft when operated across land areas which have been designated by Airports Authority
of India as areas in which search and rescue would be especially difficult, shall be equipped
with such signaling devices and life-saving equipment (including means of sustaining life) as
may be appropriate to the area overflown.

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13.12 All aircraft on high altitude flights

(b) All aircraft intended to be operated at high altitudes shall be equipped with oxygen storage and
dispensing apparatus capable of storing and dispensing the sufficient oxygen supplies required
for crew members and passenger.

(c) Pressurized aircraft intended to be operated at flight altitudes at which the atmospheric
pressure is less than 376 hPa shall be equipped with a device to provide positive warning to
the flight crew of any dangerous loss of pressurization.

14. Aircraft Communication and Navigation Equipment-- -- Flying Club and Aerial Work
Operation

14.1 Communication equipment

(a) All aircraft to be operated in accordance with the instrument flight rules or at night shall be
provided with radio communication equipment. Such equipment shall be capable of conducting
two-way communication with those aeronautical stations and on those frequencies prescribed
by the appropriate authority or the appropriate foreign authority when abroad.

(b) All aircraft to be operated in accordance with the visual flight rules, but as a controlled flight,
shall, unless exempted by DGCA be provided with radio communication equipment capable of
conducting two-way communication at any time during flight with such aeronautical stations and
on such frequencies as may be prescribed by the appropriate authority.

(c) All aircraft to be operated on a extended flights over water or flight over designated land areas
shall, unless exempted by DGCA, be provided with radio communication equipment capable of
conducting two-way communication at any time during flight with such aeronautical stations and
on such frequencies as may be prescribed by the appropriate authority / DGCA.

(d) The radio communication equipment required in accordance with (a) to (c) shall provide for
communication on the aeronautical emergency frequency 121.5 MHz.

14.2 Navigation equipment

(a) All aircraft shall be provided with navigation equipment which will enable it to proceed:

(i) in accordance with the flight plan-,

(ii) in accordance with prescribed Required Navigation Performance (RNP )types, and

(iii) in accordance with the requirements of air traffic services;

except when, if not so precluded by DGCA, navigation for flights under the visual flight rules is
accomplished by visual reference to landmarks at least every 60 NM (110 km).

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(b) On flights in which it is intended to land in instrument meteorological conditions, an aircraft

shall be provided with radio equipment capable of receiving signals providing guidance to a
point from which a visual landing can be effected. This equipment shall be capable of
providing such guidance for each aerodrome at which it is intended to land instrument
meteorological conditions and for any designated alternate aerodromes.

15 Instruments And Equipment For Gliders:

15.1 Gliders not certified for cloud flying shall atleast be provided with the following instruments
and equipment :

(a) Approved first aid kit,

(b) Safety Harness for each occupant.

(c) Air speed indicator.

(d) Altimeter.

(e) Variometer.

(f) Turn and bank indicator.

15.2 Gliders intended to be certificated for cloud flying shall have the following instrument and
equipment in addition to those mentioned in para 15.1 above.

(a) Artificial horizon

(b) Parachute for each occupant.

Note :- 1. Parachutes shall be inspected and packed by persons specifically approved

for the purpose, by DGCA before carriage on board.

2. No passenger will be carried on board a glider during planned/ international cloud

flying.

3 All pilots and trainees when undertaking "Cloud flying" shall be made familiar
with the use of parachute, before the flight is undertaken.

15.3 In addition, the glider shall be fitted with a magnetic compass and watch when engaged in
cross country flight.

15.4 Sufficient oxygen for each occupant shall be provided when the glider is flown at altitude of
10,000 ft and above.

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16. Instrument And Equipment For Powered Gliders (Motor Gliders).

All powered gliders shall be equipped with instruments and equipment as indicated for
gliders in paragraph 15 above and in addition shall have the following installed at all times.

(a) Tachometer

(b) Fuel quantity indicator

(c) Oil pressure indicator

(d) Cylinder Head temperature indicator

(e) Out side air temperature indicator (unless a separate carburetor air temperature gauge is
installed).

Sd/-
(N.RAMESH)
Deputy Director General of Civil Aviation

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