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History of Modern Western Philosophy: Descartes

This document provides an overview of the history of modern Western philosophy from the 17th century to the early 20th century. It outlines the main ideas and contributions of seminal philosophers from this era, including Descartes' method of doubt and proofs for God's existence, Spinoza's theory of substance and modes, Locke's rejection of innate ideas and distinction between primary and secondary qualities, Kant's Copernican revolution and theory of knowledge, Hegel's dialectical method and concept of the absolute, and Nietzsche's revolt against traditional philosophy and idea of the Superman.

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Danish Butt
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10 views2 pages

History of Modern Western Philosophy: Descartes

This document provides an overview of the history of modern Western philosophy from the 17th century to the early 20th century. It outlines the main ideas and contributions of seminal philosophers from this era, including Descartes' method of doubt and proofs for God's existence, Spinoza's theory of substance and modes, Locke's rejection of innate ideas and distinction between primary and secondary qualities, Kant's Copernican revolution and theory of knowledge, Hegel's dialectical method and concept of the absolute, and Nietzsche's revolt against traditional philosophy and idea of the Superman.

Uploaded by

Danish Butt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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History of Modern Western Philosophy

Introduction, Characteristics of Modern Philosophy, Continental Rationalism

Descartes:

a. Method of Doubt
b. Theory of Substance
c. Mind-body Relationship
d. Proofs for the Existence of God

Spinoza:

a. Theory of Knowledge
b. Geometrical Method
c. Substance, Attributes & Modes
d. Intellectual love of God
e. Human freedom and Salvation

Leibniz:

a. Idealism
b. Monadology
c. Pre-established Harmony
d. Theory of Knowledge
e. Optimism

British Empiricism:

Locke:

a. Refutation of Innate Ideas


b. Origin of Ideas
c. Primary and Secondary Qualities
d. Modes, Substance and Relations

Berkeley:

a. Rejection of Abstract Ideas and of Material Substance


(b) Subjective Idealism

Hume:

a. Impressions and Ideas


b. Relations
c. Rejection of Material and Mental Substances
d. Treatment of Causality

German Idealism:

Kant:
a. Copernican Revolution
b. Kant’s Problem
c. Theory of Knowledge Sensibility, Understanding and Reason
d. Antinomies

Hegel:
a Dialectical Method
b. Absolute

Post-Hegelian Philosophy:

Nietzsche a. Revolt against Traditional Philosophy


b. Materialism
c. Death of Goad and Nihilism
d. Superman and Eternal Recurrence
e. Will to Power

Bergson:

a. Critique of Mechanised and Teleological Theories of Evolution


b. Creative Evolution
c. Intuition and Intellect
e. Elan Vital

William James:

a. Pragmatic Method and its Application


b. Voluntarism
c. Radical Empiricism

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