{history}

British history
Nigel Haward
(Great Britain)

17th century – Glorious Revolution

timeline
After the Civil War (started in 1640)
between the king’s army and the
parliamentary forces led by Oliver
Cromwell, the monarchy was restored
in 1660 and Charles II succeeded to the
throne.
Later, when King James II (brother of
Charles II) was suspected of imposing
the catholic faith on the English, the
King was deposed and James’ son-
in-law William of Orange and his wife
Mary became joint sovereigns after a
bloodless invasion from Holland in 1688.
This event is commonly known as the
Glorious Revolution.

18th century – British Empire

Britain and France had been bitter rivals
in the race to conquer the world. In 1759,
British victories in West Africa, the West
Indies, and on the battlefields of Europe,
India and Quebec established the British
Empire ‘on which the sun never set.’

19 th century - Battle of Trafalgar

King Henry VIII had only one son, Edward (1537 – 1553), with his third wife Jane Seymour,
but he was sickly and had a short reign as Edward VI. France and Spain still troubled the British
at sea, but their fleet was defeated by
The first inhabitants of the privileges of the barons and freemen. The Admiral Nelson at the Battle of Trafalgar
British Isles were the Iberians ‘Great Charter’ survived many difficult in 1805. Napoleon lost at Waterloo in
in about 3000 BC and they were times and became an essential part of 1815 and Britain continued her colonial
followed by the Celtic tribes. English law. Centuries later it formed the expansion. The Industrial Revolution
It was approximately 43 BC basis of the American Bill of Rights of the fuelled the continued prosperity of Britain.
United States Constitution. The Victorian Era from 1837 (named after
when the Romans invaded
the reign of Queen Victoria), continued this
the country and stayed there 15th century – Wars of the Roses period of stability and economic growth.
until the 5th century when the Two great English noble houses wanted
Anglo‑Saxons from Northern the crown: the Lancastrians with their 20 th century – political stability
Europe pushed them out. symbol of a red rose and the Yorkists with After WWII, the country gained its political
their white rose. The last battle of the War and financial stability at home as well as
of the Roses in 1485 ended thirty years abroad. The UK is a founding member
9 th century – Anglo-Saxons of civil war in England at Bosworth Field of NATO and since 1973 it has been
Alfred the Great, a heroic warrior, when Lancastrian Henry Tudor’s army a member of the European Union.
captured London in 886 from the defeated the larger force of the Yorkist
invading Danes, created a new nation and Richard III. However, by marrying the
established a legal code. Yorkist princess Elizabeth, Henry brought
the warring families together and brought
Y Vocabulary
11 century – Norman Conquest
th
peace to the country. to capture ["k&ptS@] - ukořistit
The death of the English king Edward the legal code ["li:g(@)l k@Ud] - zákoník
Confessor brought unrest to England. 16th century - Church of England unrest [Vn"rEst] - neklid
namesake ["neImseIk] - jmenovec
Harold, King of England, defeated his The English Reformation began during dominant influence ["dQmIn@nt "InflU@ns]
namesake Harold, King of Norway at the reign of the Tudor dynasty, when - hlavní vliv
Stamford Bridge in the north of England. Henry VIII wanted a divorce from his first charter ["tSA:t@] - charta, listina
Meanwhile, William of Normandy was wife, Catherine of Aragon. She had not formed the basis [fO:md "beIsIs] - položila základ
noble house ["n@Ub(@)l] - šlechtický rod
attacking the south coast of England. produced a son, only a daughter, Mary. flowering - rozkvět
Harold rushed south, but was defeated The Pope said no to this divorce, so was suspected of imposing [s@"spEktId Im"p@UzIN]
and killed at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. Henry founded the Church of England with - byl podezřelý, že chce vnutit
When William the Conqueror became himself as head in 1534, and divorced to depose [dI"p@Uz] - sesadit, svrhnout
King of England, feudalism and the French Catherine. He did have a child by his became joint sovereigns [dZOInt "sQvrInz]
- začali vládnout spolu
language became the dominant influence. second wife Anne Boleyn, another girl, bloodless invasion ["blVdlIs In"veIZ(@)n]
Elizabeth, later Queen Elizabeth I. Her - nekrvavá invaze
13th century – Magna Carta reign was dominated by a great flowering in the race to conquer [reIs "kQNk@]
In 1215, King John signed the Magna of national culture and the war with Spain. - v závodě o dobytí
fleet [fli:t] - flotila
Carta, which restricted the power of The Spanish Armada was defeated by the to fuel [fjU@l] - podpořit
the ruler and recognized the rights and English in 1588.

88 Bridge 06/2006–2007