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Data Science Cheat Sheet

Python Basics

BASICS, PRINTING AND GETTING HELP

x = 3 - Assign 3 to the variable x help(x) - Show documentation for the str data type
print(x) - Print the value of x help(print) - Show documentation for the print() function
type(x) - Return the type of the variable x (in this case, int for integer)

READING FILES 3 ** 2 - Raise 3 to the power of 2 (or 32) def calculate(addition_one,addition_two,

f = open("my_file.txt","r") 27 ** (1/3) - The 3rd root of 27 (or 3√27) exponent=1,factor=1):
file_as_string = f.read() x += 1 - Assign the value of x + 1 to x result = (value_one + value_two) ** exponent * factor
- Open the file my_file.txt and assign its x -= 1 - Assign the value of x - 1 to x return result
contents to s - Define a new function calculate with two
import csv L I STS required and two optional named arguments
f = open("my_dataset.csv","r") l = [100,21,88,3] - Assign a list containing the which calculates and returns a result.
csvreader = csv.reader(f) integers 100, 21, 88, and 3 to the variable l addition(3,5,factor=10) - Run the addition
csv_as_list = list(csvreader) l = list() - Create an empty list and assign the function with the values 3 and 5 and the named
- Open the CSV file my_dataset.csv and assign its result to l argument 10
data to the list of lists csv_as_list l[0] - Return the first value in the list l
l[-1] - Return the last value in the list l B O O L E A N C O M PA R I S O N S
ST R I N G S l[1:3] - Return a slice (list) containing the second x == 5 - Test whether x is equal to 5
s = "hello" - Assign the string "hello" to the and third values of l x != 5 - Test whether x is not equal to 5
variable s len(l) - Return the number of elements in l x > 5 - Test whether x is greater than 5
s = """She said, sum(l) - Return the sum of the values of l x < 5 - Test whether x is less than 5
"there's a good idea." min(l) - Return the minimum value from l x >= 5 - Test whether x is greater than or equal to 5
""" max(l) - Return the maximum value from l x <= 5 - Test whether x is less than or equal to 5
- Assign a multi-line string to the variable s. Also l.append(16) - Append the value 16 to the end of l x == 5 or name == "alfred" - Test whether x is
used to create strings that contain both " and ' l.sort() - Sort the items in l in ascending order equal to 5 or name is equal to "alfred"
characters " ".join(["A","B","C","D"]) - Converts the list x == 5 and name == "alfred" - Test whether x is
len(s) - Return the number of characters in s ["A", "B", "C", "D"] into the string "A B C D" equal to 5 and name is equal to "alfred"
s.startswith("hel") - Test whether s starts with 5 in l - Checks whether the value 5 exists in the list l
the substring "hel" DICTIONARIES "GB" in d - Checks whether the value "GB" exists in
s.endswith("lo") - Test whether s ends with the d = {"CA":"Canada","GB":"Great Britain", the keys for d
substring "lo" "IN":"India"} - Create a dictionary with keys of
"{} plus {} is {}".format(3,1,4) - Return the "CA", "GB", and "IN" and corresponding values I F STAT E M E N TS A N D LO O P S
string with the values 3, 1, and 4 inserted of of "Canada", "Great Britain", and "India" The body of if statements and loops are defined
s.replace("e","z") - Return a new string based d["GB"] - Return the value from the dictionary d through indentation.
on s with all occurances of "e" replaced with "z" that has the key "GB" if x > 5:
s.split(" ") - Split the string s into a list of d.get("AU","Sorry") - Return the value from the print("{} is greater than five".format(x))
strings, separating on the character " " and dictionary d that has the key "AU", or the string elif x < 0:
return that list "Sorry" if the key "AU" is not found in d print("{} is negative".format(x))
d.keys() - Return a list of the keys from d else:
NUMERIC TYPES AND d.values() - Return a list of the values from d print("{} is between zero and five".format(x))
M AT H E M AT I C A L O P E R AT I O N S d.items() - Return a list of (key, value) pairs - Test the value of the variable x and run the code
i = int("5") - Convert the string "5" to the from d body based on the value
integer 5 and assign the result to i for value in l:
f = float("2.5") - Convert the string "2.5" to MODULES AND FUNCTIONS print(value)
the float value 2.5 and assign the result to f The body of a function is defined through - Iterate over each value in l, running the code in
5 + 5 - Addition indentation. the body of the loop with each iteration
5 - 5 - Subtraction import random - Import the module random while x < 10:
10 / 2 - Division from math import sqrt - Import the function x += 1
5 * 2 - Multiplication sqrt from the module math - Run the code in the body of the loop until the
value of x is no longer less than 10

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