Library Management System

1. INTRODUCTION

“Library Management system for diploma colleges” it’s a project and initiative towards making
technical education system transparent and making diploma resources available to all the
students in a single platform.

Project Overview

This project provides with good look and feel user interface developed using PHP and
MYSQL Server, where all the college faculties can upload their precious academic
materials and resources for benefit of students community, even as well students can
also upload their self written notes, which in turn will be displayed on the library after
validation and verification.

And also this project provides with good look and feel user interface developed
using Asp.Net framework, where all the college faculties can upload their precious
academic materials and resources for benefit of students community, even as well
students can also upload their self written notes, which in turn will be displayed on
the library after validation and verification.

Objectives of the project

 Making Diploma study resources transparent among students
 This system is user friendly
 It support fast and efficient query, updating and modification on all required details.
 Providing special privileges to Administrators
 Making the existing system a web based one.
 Convenient and consistent front end.

Module Description

1. Project Description website:

2. Admin
3. Student

Module Description

1. Project Description website:

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2. About Project
3. About team
4. About Technical Specifications

2. Upload as Admin
a. Providing privileges for only admin to upload notes directly with username and
password
3. Student
a. Providing privileges for students to just read the notes.

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4. TOOLS/ENVIRONMENT USED

Front - End Tool: PHP

Reason

Fast and easy to implemented with added security

Back - End Tool: MYSQL Server

Reason

It facilitates in handling queries, managing table data and designing a

good database system.

2.1 ) HARDWARE SPECIFICATION

Processor : PENTIUM IV

RAM : 2GB or 4GB or above

Hard Disk : 500GB of available hard disk space

Netware : 10/100 mbps Fast Internet.

Screen Resolution : 600 X 800

2.2 ) SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION

Platform : WINDOWS (2000, XP), WINDOWS 7

IDE : Sublime Text 3

Database : MYSQL Server

Browser : Internet explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Chrome

Server : XAMPP

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3. INTRODUCTION TO PHP and MYSQL Server

PHP started out as a small open source project that evolved as more and more people found out
how useful it was. Rasmus Lerdorf unleashed the first version of PHP way back in 1994.

 PHP is a recursive acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor".

 PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used to manage
dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire e-commerce sites.

 It is integrated with a number of popular databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL,

Oracle, Sybase, Informix, and Microsoft SQL Server.

 PHP is pleasingly zippy in its execution, especially when compiled as an Apache

module on the Unix side. The MySQL server, once started, executes even very complex
queries with huge result sets in record-setting time.

 PHP supports a large number of major protocols such as POP3, IMAP, and LDAP. PHP4
added support for Java and distributed object architectures (COM and CORBA), making
n-tier development a possibility for the first time.

 PHP is forgiving: PHP language tries to be as forgiving as possible.

 PHP Syntax is C-Like.

Common uses of PHP

 PHP performs system functions, i.e. from files on a system it can create, open, read,
write, and close them.
 PHP can handle forms, i.e. gather data from files, save data to a file, through email you
can send data, return data to the user.

 You add, delete, modify elements within your database through PHP.

 Access cookies variables and set cookies.

 Using PHP, you can restrict users to access some pages of your website.

 It can encrypt data.

Characteristics of PHP

Five important characteristics make PHP's practical nature possible −

 Simplicity
 Efficiency

 Security

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 Flexibility

 Familiarity

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>Example</title>
</head>
<body>

<?php
echo "Hi, I'm a PHP script!";
?>

</body>
</html>

Instead of lots of commands to output HTML (as seen in C or Perl), PHP pages contain HTML
with embedded code that does "something" (in this case, output "Hi, I'm a PHP script!"). The
PHP code is enclosed in special start and end processing instructions <?php and ?> that allow
you to jump into and out of "PHP mode."

What distinguishes PHP from something like client-side JavaScript is that the code is executed
on the server, generating HTML which is then sent to the client. The client would receive the
results of running that script, but would not know what the underlying code was. You can even
configure your web server to process all your HTML files with PHP, and then there's really no
way that users can tell what you have up your sleeve.

The best things in using PHP are that it is extremely simple for a newcomer, but offers many
advanced features for a professional programmer. Don't be afraid reading the long list of PHP's
features. You can jump in, in a short time, and start writing simple scripts in a few hours.

Although PHP's development is focused on server-side scripting, you can do much more with it.
Read on, and see more in the What can PHP do? section, or go right to the introductory tutorial
if you are only interested in web programming.

What can PHP do?

Anything. PHP is mainly focused on server-side scripting, so you can do anything any other
CGI program can do, such as collect form data, generate dynamic page content, or send and
receive cookies. But PHP can do much more.

There are three main areas where PHP scripts are used.

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 Server-side scripting. This is the most traditional and main target field for PHP. You need three
things to make this work: the PHP parser (CGI or server module), a web server and a web
browser. You need to run the web server, with a connected PHP installation. You can access the
PHP program output with a web browser, viewing the PHP page through the server. All these
can run on your home machine if you are just experimenting with PHP programming. See the
installation instructions section for more information.
 Command line scripting. You can make a PHP script to run it without any server or browser. You
only need the PHP parser to use it this way. This type of usage is ideal for scripts regularly
executed using cron (on *nix or Linux) or Task Scheduler (on Windows). These scripts can also
be used for simple text processing tasks. See the section about Command line usage of PHP for
more information.

 Writing desktop applications. PHP is probably not the very best language to create a desktop
application with a graphical user interface, but if you know PHP very well, and would like to use
some advanced PHP features in your client-side applications you can also use PHP-GTK to write
such programs. You also have the ability to write cross-platform applications this way. PHP-GTK
is an extension to PHP, not available in the main distribution. If you are interested in PHP-GTK,
visit » its own website.

PHP can be used on all major operating systems, including Linux, many Unix variants
(including HP-UX, Solaris and OpenBSD), Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, RISC OS, and
probably others. PHP also has support for most of the web servers today. This includes Apache,
IIS, and many others. And this includes any web server that can utilize the FastCGI PHP binary,
like lighttpd and nginx. PHP works as either a module, or as a CGI processor.

So with PHP, you have the freedom of choosing an operating system and a web server.
Furthermore, you also have the choice of using procedural programming or object oriented
programming (OOP), or a mixture of them both.

With PHP you are not limited to output HTML. PHP's abilities includes outputting images, PDF
files and even Flash movies (using libswf and Ming) generated on the fly. You can also output
easily any text, such as XHTML and any other XML file. PHP can autogenerate these files, and
save them in the file system, instead of printing it out, forming a server-side cache for your
dynamic content.

One of the strongest and most significant features in PHP is its support for a wide range of
databases. Writing a database-enabled web page is incredibly simple using one of the database
specific extensions (e.g., for mysql), or using an abstraction layer like PDO, or connect to any
database supporting the Open Database Connection standard via the ODBC extension. Other
databases may utilize cURL or sockets, like CouchDB.

PHP also has support for talking to other services using protocols such as LDAP, IMAP, SNMP,
NNTP, POP3, HTTP, COM (on Windows) and countless others. You can also open raw network
sockets and interact using any other protocol. PHP has support for the WDDX complex data
exchange between virtually all Web programming languages. Talking about interconnection,
PHP has support for instantiation of Java objects and using them transparently as PHP objects.

PHP has useful text processing features, which includes the Perl compatible regular expressions
(PCRE), and many extensions and tools to parse and access XML documents. PHP standardizes
all of the XML extensions on the solid base of libxml2, and extends the feature set adding
SimpleXML, XMLReader and XMLWriter support.

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And many other interesting extensions exist, which are categorized both alphabetically and by
category. And there are additional PECL extensions that may or may not be documented within
the PHP manual itself, like » XDebug.

3.5) INTRODUCTION TO MYSQL Server

MySQL, the most popular Open Source SQL database management system, is developed,
distributed, and supported by Oracle Corporation.

The MySQL website (http://www.mysql.com/) provides the latest information about MySQL
software.

 MySQL is a database management system.

A database is a structured collection of data. It may be anything from a simple shopping

list to a picture gallery or the vast amounts of information in a corporate network. To
add, access, and process data stored in a computer database, you need a database
management system such as MySQL Server. Since computers are very good at handling
large amounts of data, database management systems play a central role in computing,
as standalone utilities, or as parts of other applications.

 MySQL databases are relational.

A relational database stores data in separate tables rather than putting all the data in one
big storeroom. The database structures are organized into physical files optimized for
speed. The logical model, with objects such as databases, tables, views, rows, and
columns, offers a flexible programming environment. You set up rules governing the
relationships between different data fields, such as one-to-one, one-to-many, unique,
required or optional, and “pointers” between different tables. The database enforces
these rules, so that with a well-designed database, your application never sees
inconsistent, duplicate, orphan, out-of-date, or missing data.

The SQL part of “MySQL” stands for “Structured Query Language”. SQL is the most
common standardized language used to access databases. Depending on your
programming environment, you might enter SQL directly (for example, to generate
reports), embed SQL statements into code written in another language, or use a
language-specific API that hides the SQL syntax.

SQL is defined by the ANSI/ISO SQL Standard. The SQL standard has been evolving
since 1986 and several versions exist. In this manual, “SQL-92” refers to the standard
released in 1992, “SQL:1999” refers to the standard released in 1999, and “SQL:2003”

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refers to the current version of the standard. We use the phrase “the SQL standard” to
mean the current version of the SQL Standard at any time.

 MySQL software is Open Source.

Open Source means that it is possible for anyone to use and modify the software.
Anybody can download the MySQL software from the Internet and use it without
paying anything. If you wish, you may study the source code and change it to suit your
needs. The MySQL software uses the GPL (GNU General Public License),
http://www.fsf.org/licenses/, to define what you may and may not do with the software
in different situations. If you feel uncomfortable with the GPL or need to embed
MySQL code into a commercial application, you can buy a commercially licensed
version from us. See the MySQL Licensing Overview for more information
(http://www.mysql.com/company/legal/licensing/).

 The MySQL Database Server is very fast, reliable, scalable, and easy to use.

If that is what you are looking for, you should give it a try. MySQL Server can run
comfortably on a desktop or laptop, alongside your other applications, web servers, and
so on, requiring little or no attention. If you dedicate an entire machine to MySQL, you
can adjust the settings to take advantage of all the memory, CPU power, and I/O
capacity available. MySQL can also scale up to clusters of machines, networked
together.

MySQL Server was originally developed to handle large databases much faster than
existing solutions and has been successfully used in highly demanding production
environments for several years. Although under constant development, MySQL Server
today offers a rich and useful set of functions. Its connectivity, speed, and security make
MySQL Server highly suited for accessing databases on the Internet.

 MySQL Server works in client/server or embedded systems.

The MySQL Database Software is a client/server system that consists of a multi-

threaded SQL server that supports different back ends, several different client programs
and libraries, administrative tools, and a wide range of application programming
interfaces (APIs).

We also provide MySQL Server as an embedded multi-threaded library that you can link
into your application to get a smaller, faster, easier-to-manage standalone product.

 A large amount of contributed MySQL software is available.

MySQL Server has a practical set of features developed in close cooperation with our
users. It is very likely that your favorite application or language supports the MySQL
Database Server.

The official way to pronounce “MySQL” is “My Ess Que Ell” (not “my sequel”), but we do not
mind if you pronounce it as “my sequel” or in some other localized way.

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4. ANALYSIS DOCUMENT

Existing System
Following are the points to be considered in Existing system
1. No transparency in diploma academic resources.
2. No easy availability of diploma academic resources
3. Manual notes, prone to error in spells
4. Have to physically carry the books
5. Costly

Proposed System

In our project we have proposed a solution, which we resolve the above stated problems
faced by student community , we have come up with solution by providing one stop solution by
creating web based single platform to share and download the diploma academic resources
uploaded by college faculties on our digital library.

Scope of the Solution

Project’s scope with time will only increase its necessity to implement it with
further features and add ons.

Analysis
Initial Study
This involves the investigation of the existing system, which includes a vast level of
interviews with the user and the concerned staff in sufficient depth. This also includes the
collection and study of detailed information and literature regarding the complete existing
procedure.
The detailed initial study properly documented and the failing and problems are noted
separately. The system is properly designed and proper outline of the proposed
computerized system is prepared. The proposed design is brought against all the known

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facts and further proposals are made. Various resources including the software, hardware
and manpower requirements are decided and are mentioned in the report.

User Requirement Specifications

Actual user community participation and their requirements analysis is key to
success of any new information system. To carry out this work, identification of users who
will actually use the system is foremost. Users at every level were given opportunity to
define their goals, objectives and their respective information needs. In addition to this
exercise a critical through investigation of present reports and query generated, were carried
out to define any other additional requirements that can be useful to the others.
The findings of users and other related exercise to access particular user needs are
summarized below concisely:
 The System must provide a graphical user interface.
 Redundancy must be reduced at the maximum level.
 Discrepancies should be avoided
 Security systems must be provided
Feasibility Study
The prime focus of the feasibility study is evaluating the practicality of the proposed
system keeping in mind a number of factors. The following factors are taken into account
before deciding in favour of the new system:
Economic Feasibility
The proposed graduate college entry system will save lots of paper work and
Facilitate magnetic record keeping thereby reducing the costs incurred on above heads. This
reduction in cost prompts the company to go for such computer-based system.

Technical Feasibility
As the saying goes, "to err is human". Keeping in view the above fact, now a
days all organizations are automating the repetitive and monotonous works done by
humans as well as proving a means of establishing a connection through their j2me
enabled mobiles. The key process areas of current system are nicely amenable to
automation and hence the technical feasibility is proved beyond doubt.
Operational Feasibility
Since the inception of Internet, it is continuously growing in leaps and bounds,
as more people are arriving at the conclusion that they cannot escape from it and in

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order to keep up, they have to participate in that. In today's world, Cellular Mobile
Devices provides an efficient, reliable, cost-effective and time-saving platform for
communication. Here in the proposed system bidding is implemented on the mobile
devices, which will be enable to end users of Cellular Mobile Devices to obtain the
information about the various products that are the part of the system and the at the
same time can proceed with the bidding.
Time and Resource Feasibility
This system helps the user to find in the best usage of resources keeping in track of
all the product details over a period of time, thereby reducing the decision making process
easier and worthwhile. Acts to be a solution provider in determining the best allocation of
resources and finding out the way for time reduction.

Design and Implementation

Software design is a process of problem solving and planning for a software

solution. After the purpose and specifications of software are determined, software will
design or employ designers to develop a plan for a solution. It includes low-level
component and algorithm implementation issues as well as the architectural view.

In systems design the design functions and operations are described in detail, including
screen layouts, business rules, process diagrams and other documentation. The output of
this stage will describe the new system as a collection of modules or subsystems.

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4.2) System Design

4.2.1) ER model

ER model is the relationship between two entities. ER model contains the many
notations.

Entity

Entities which may be exist in physical and conceptual level.

Strong Entity

Entity which having the own key attribute is called Strong entity.

Weak Entity

Which do not have its own key attribute?

Attribute

Properties of an entity or characters of entity and it describe the entity.

Relationship

Association existing between entities of different entity type. Collection of relationship

of entity is called relationship type

ER DIAGRAM

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Fig : ER Diagram of the system

4.2.2) Data Flow Diagram

A data flow diagram is graphical tool used to describe and analyze movement of data
through a system. These are the central tool and the basis from which the other components are
developed

A DFD is also known as a “bubble Chart” has the purpose of clarifying system
requirements and identifying major transformations that will become programs in system
design. So it is the starting point of the design to the lowest level of detail. A DFD consists of a
series of bubbles joined by data flows in the system.

DFD Symbols

In the DFD, there are four symbols

 A square defines a source(originator) or destination of system data

 An arrow identifies data flow. It is the pipeline through which the information flows

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 A circle or a bubble represents a process that transforms incoming data flow into
outgoing data flows.
 An open rectangle is a data store, data at rest or a temporary repository of data

Process that transforms data flow.

Source or Destination of data

Data flow

Data Store

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Sailent Features Of DFD’S

 The DFD shows flow of data, not of control loops and decision are controlled
considerations do not appear on a DFD.
 The DFD does not indicate the time factor involved in any process whether the dataflow
take place daily, weekly, monthly or yearly.
 The sequence of events is not brought out on the DFD.

Types Of Data Flow Diagrams

1. Current Physical
2. Current Logical
3. New Logical
4. New Physical
Data Flow Diagram

Fig: Data Flow Diagram (DFD) of the system

5. DESIGN DOCUMENT

5.1) Design

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Design is the key phase of any project. It is the first step in moving from the problem
domain. The input to the design phase is the specifications of the system to design. . Before the
implementation of the package, this has to be carried out thoroughly to illuminate any bug,
which may be present. The project has to be submitted for system design. The output of the top-
level designs architectural design, or the system design for software system to be built. A design
should be very clear, verifiable, complete, traceable, efficient and simple.

System Design

Here the focus is on deciding which modules are needed for the system, the specifications
of these modules low and how the module should be interconnected.

Database Design

Designing is an important phase in the software development process. Primarily we have to

design and for that, we have to know the requirements of the system that is to be developed.
When we are aware of the requirements we can design the database in an efficient manner.

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5.2) DATABASE TABLES(snapshots)

TESTING

Testing is the process of detecting errors. Testing performs a very critical role for
quality assurance and for ensuring the reliability of software. The result of testing is
used later and during maintenance.

7.1) Strategic Approach To Software Testing

A strategy for software testing may also be viewed in the context of the spiral.
Unit testing begins at the vertex of the spiral and concentrates on each unit of the
software as implemented in source code. Testing progress by moving outward along the
spiral to integration testing, where the focus is on the design and the construction of the
software architecture . Talking another turn on outward on the spiral we encounter
validation testing where requirements established as part of software requirements
analysis are validated against the software that has been constructed. Finally we arrive at
system testing, where the software and other system elements are tested as a whole.

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Fig: Testing of the system

Unit Testing

Unit testing focuses verification effort on the smallest unit of software design,
the module. The unit testing we have is white box oriented and some modules the steps
are conducted in parallel.

5. White Box Testing

This type of testing ensures that

 All independent paths have been exercised at least once

 All logical decisions have been exercised on their true and false
sides
 All loops are executed at their boundaries and within their
operational bounds
 All internal data structures have been exercised to assure their
validity.

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To follow the concept of white box testing we have tested each form. We have
created independently to verify that Data flow is correct, All conditions are exercised to
check their validity, All loops are executed on their boundaries.

6. Conditional Testing

In this part of the testing each of the conditions were tested to both true and false
aspects. And all the resulting paths were tested. So that each path that may be generate
on particular condition is traced to uncover any possible errors.

7. Data Flow Testing

This type of testing selects the path of the program according to the location of
definition and use of variables. This kind of testing was used only when some local
variable were declared. The definition-use chain method was used in this type of testing.
These were particularly useful in nested statements.

7.2) Test Cases

In the unit every model was tested independent of each other verified that it is working
properly. Unit focus verification efforts on the smallest unit of the software and hardware
design in the model. To check, whether each model in software works properly . So that it
gives desired outputs to the given inputs . All the validation and conditions are tested in the
model level. In this project each of the modules are unit tested and the bugs were identified
and rectified.

Table of Test Cases and Modules

Test Modules Condition Action Expected Remark

Cases Description Result

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1 Admin Provides Get User Id To verify Valid OK

Login Authentication & Password Admin

2 Admin Directly uploads files Directly uploads OK

Upload to database files to database Store files in db
Notes
3 Upload as Files to db Uploads files to Stores files in OK
Students db Google drive

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6. INPUT OUTPUT SCREENS

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7. SECURITY

Security is the probability (which can be estimated or derived from empirical evidence)
that attack on the specific type will be repelled. Software integrity has become increasingly
important in the age of hackers and firewalls. This attributes measures a system ability to
withstand attacks (both accidental and intentional) to its security. Attacks can be made on all
three components of software program, data, and documents

A privilege and password system that is very flexible and secure, and allows host-based
verification. Passwords are secure because all password traffic is encrypted when you connect
to a server.

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8. LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT

 This Web app can be accessed only through internet

 Notes or files uploaded require intense verification before uploading it to OER

9. CONCLUSION

The “OER For Diploma Students” website has been designed to meet the requirements of
Diploma college students. Once after implementing this project in real time in the college,
slowly we will come to know the exact modifications to be made to the project to make it more
beneficial to student community.

10. FUTURE SCOPE

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 Email notifications

 Secure authentications with backend for college faculty to upload notes

anywhere anytime

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11. BIBLIOGRAPHY

 www.phptutorials.com
 www.wikipedia.com
 www.google.com
 etc

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