CMR TECHNICAL CAMPUS

DEPRTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Kandlakoya (V), Medchal (M), Hyderabad – 501 401

INTERNAL ASSIGNMENT –I
UNIT-2

1) In a turning moment diagram, the areas above and below the mean torque line, taken in order, are 5.81, 3.23,
3.87, 5.16, 1.94, 3.87, 2.58, and 1.94 cm2 respectively. The scales of the diagram are:
Turning moment ⇒ 1 cm = 7 kN-m; Crank angle ⇒ 1 cm =600. The mean speed of the engine is 120 rpm,
and the variation of speed must not exceed ± 3 % of the mean speed. Assuming the radius of gyration of the
flywheel to be 106.67 cm, find the weight of the flywheel to keep the speed within the given limits.

2) A certain machine requires a torque of (1500 + 200 sin Ɵ) N.m to drive it, where Ɵ is the angle of rotation
of the shaft. The machine is directly coupled to an engine which produces a torque of (1500 + 200 sin 2Ɵ)
N.m. The flywheel and the other rotating parts attached to the engine have a mass of 300 kg at a radius of
gyration of 200 mm. If the mean speed is 200 rpm. Find (a) the fluctuation of energy (b) the total percentage
fluctuation of speed (c) the maximum and the minimum angular acceleration of the flywheel and the
corresponding shaft positions.

3) The equation of the turning moment diagram for a three-crank engine is given by
T (N-m) = 25000 - 7500 sin 3Ɵ, where Ɵ radians is the crank angle from the inner dead centre. The moment
of inertia of the flywheel is 400 kg-m2, and the mean engine speed is 300 rpm. Calculate the power of the
engine and the total percentage fluctuation of speed of the flywheel, if the resisting torque is constant.

4) Draw the turning moment diagrams for the following different types of engines, neglecting the effect of
inertia of the connecting rod: 1. Single cylinder double acting steam engine 2. Four stroke cycle. I.C. engine
3.Multi cylinder engine

5) The torque exerted on the crank shaft of a two stroke engine is given by the equation
T=(14,500+2,300Sin2Ɵ -1,900cos2Ɵ)N-m where Ɵ is the angle moved by the crank from I.D.C. If the
resisting torque is constant find:
i) The power of the engine, when the speed is 150 rpm.
ii) The moment of inertia of the flywheel if the speed variation is not to exceed ±0.5% of the mean speed.
iii) The angular acceleration of the flywheel when the crank has turned through 30o from the I.D.C.

6) The turning moment curve for an engine is represented by the equation,

T = (20,000 + 9500 sin 2θ– 5700 cos 2θ) N-m, where θ is the angle moved by the crank from inner dead
centre. If the resisting torque is constant, find: 1. Power developed by the engine ; 2. Moment of inertia of
flywheel in kg-m2, if the total fluctuation of speed is not exceed 1% of mean speed which is 180 r.p.m; and
3. Angular acceleration of the flywheel when the crank has turned through 45° from inner dead centre.

7) The turning moment diagram for a multi-cylinder engine has been drawn to a scale of 1 mm to 500 N-m
torque and 1 mm to 6° of crank displacement. The intercepted areas between output torque curve and mean
resistance line taken in order from one end, in sq. mm are – 30, + 410, – 280, + 320, – 330, + 250, – 360, +
280, – 260 sq. mm, when the engine is running at 800 r.p.m. The engine has a stroke of 300 mm and the
fluctuation of speed is not to exceed ± 2% of the mean speed. Determine a suitable diameter and cross
section of the flywheel rim for a limiting value of the safe centrifugal stress of 7 MPa. The material density
may be assumed as 7200 kg/m3. The width of the rim is to be 5 times the thickness.

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8) The turning moment diagram for a multi-cylinder engine has been drawn to a scale 1 mm = 600 N-m
vertically and 1 mm = 3° horizontally. The intercepted areas between the output torque curve and the mean
resistance line, taken in order from one end, are as follows: + 52, – 124, + 92, – 140, + 85, – 72 and + 107
mm2, when the engine is running at a speed of 600 r.p.m. If the total fluctuation of speed is not to exceed ±
1.5% of the mean, find the necessary mass of the flywheel of radius 0.5 m.

9) A Single cylinder single acting four stroke gas engine develops 25 kW at 320 rpm. The work done by the
gases during the expansion stroke is three times the work done on the gases during the compression stroke.
The work done during the suction and exhaust stroke being negligible. The fluctuation of speed not to exceed
+ 2% of the mean speed. The turning moment diagram during compression and expansion is assumed to be
triangle in shape. Find the weight of the flywheel if its radius of gyration is 0.5m.

10) The turning moment diagram for a petrol engine is drawn to the following scales:
Turning moment, 1 mm = 5 N-m; crank angle, 1 mm = 1°. The turning moment diagram repeats itself at
every half revolution of the engine and the areas above and below the mean turning moment line taken in
order are 295, 685, 40, 340, 960, 270 mm2. The rotating parts are equivalent to a mass of 36 kg at a radius
of gyration of 150 mm. Determine the coefficient of fluctuation of speed when the engine runs at 1800 r.p.m.

11) A single cylinder double acting steam engine develops 150 kW at a mean speed of 80 r.p.m. The
coefficient of fluctuation of energy is 0.1 and the fluctuation of speed is ± 2% of mean speed. If the mean
diameter of the flywheel rim is 2 metre and the hub and spokes provide 5% of the rotational inertia of the
flywheel, find the mass and cross-sectional area of the flywheel rim. Assume the density of the flywheel
material (which is cast iron) as 7200 kg/m3.

12) A single cylinder internal combustion engine working on the four stroke cycle develops 75 kW at 360
r.p.m. The fluctuation of energy can be assumed to be 0.9 times the energy developed per cycle. If the
fluctuation of speed is not to exceed 1 per cent and the maximum centrifugal stress in the flywheel is to be
5.5 MPa, estimate the mean diameter and the cross-sectional area of the rim. The material of the rim has a
density of 7.2 Mg/m3.

13) A punching press is required to punch 40 mm diameter holes in a plate of 15 mm thickness at the rate of 30
holes per minute. It requires 6 N-m of energy per mm2 of sheared area. If the punching takes 1/10 of a
second and the r.p.m. of the flywheel varies from 160 to 140, determine the mass of the flywheel having
radius of gyration of 1 metre.

14) The radius of gyration of a fly wheel is 1meter and fluctuation of speed is not to exceed 1% of the mean
speed of the flywheel. If the mass of the flywheel is 3340kg and the steam develops 150KW at 135rpm,
then find, 1.Maximum fluctuation of energy 2. Coefficient of fluctuation of energy

15) (a) Explain the terms ‘fluctuation of energy’ and ‘fluctuation of speed’ as applied to flywheels.
(b) Define the terms ‘coefficient of fluctuation of energy’ and ‘coefficient of fluctuation of speed’, in the
case of flywheels.