MUSIC

Instrumental music of Japan

Traditional Japanese music is basically meditative in character. Its performance is highly ritualized, as much in the music itself, as in
the composure of the musicians when performing it. Japanese chamber and solo music have a slow meditative pace.
The performance of Japanese music has traditionally been of a spiritual character, similarly to martial arts and other forms of art
such as the tea ceremony and calligraphy. It is usually about religious festivals, work, dance, love, and regional songs. Audiences are looking for
this self-mastery in musicians. This is the reason why music has become highly ritualized. Musicians must show this spiritual self-mastery in their
performance and composure. They work on an inner strength in mastering his or her instrument, more than simply perfecting a technique of
some sort and providing entertainment.
PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS
1. Odaiko- (big drum). The physical energy and sheer excitement of an Odaiko performance is an integral part of many
Japanese matsuri (festivals).
2. Tsuzumi (hourglass-shape) – There are two varieties, the smaller kotsuzumi and the larger otsuzumi. They are used in
both noh and kabuki performances.
- The kotsuzumi is held on the right shoulder and the player alters the tone by squeezing the laces.
- The otsuzumi is placed on the left thigh. Like all other traditional arts in Japan, there are several schools of
tsuzumimatsuri (festivals).
3. Tsuridaiko – a large hanging barrel drum.
4. Taiko - is a Japanese drum that comes in various sizes and is used to play a variety of musical genres. It has become
particularly popular in recent years as the central instrument of percussion ensembles whose repertory is based on a
variety of folk and festival music of the past.
String Instruments (Chordophone)
1. Koto - is a 13-string zither, about two meters long and made of Paulownia wood. It is plucked using picks on the thumb and first two
fingers of the right hand, while the left hand can be used to modify pitch and tone. Koto is used in an ensemble in gagaku or as a solo
instrument.
2. Shamisen- is a plucked stringed instrument. Its construction follows a model similar to that of a guitar or a banjo, employing a neck,
and strings stretched across a resonating body. The neck of the shamisen is fretless, and is slimmer than that of a guitar or a banjo.
3. Biwa - is a Japanese short-necked fretted lute, often used in narrative storytelling. The biwa is the chosen instrument of Benten, the
goddess of music, eloquence, poetry, and education in Japanese Shinto.
Wind Instruments (Aerophone)
1. Shakuhachi- the most famous flute made from bamboo. It has 4 or 5 finger holes on the front face and a thumbhole on the rear face.
2. Nokan - a parallel, bamboo flute (fue) is the only melodic instrument used in noh. The melody of the flute has no specific pitch
relationship with the melody of the chanting.
3. Hichiriki - is a double reed Japanese fue (flute) used as one of two main melodic instruments in Japanese gagaku music, the other
being the ryūteki.
4. Sho - is a Japanese free reed musical instrument that was introduced from China during the Nara period.
5. Shinobue – also called takebue in the context of Japanese traditional arts) is a Japanese transverse flute or fue that has a high-pitched
sound.
6. Ryūteki - literally "dragon flute" is a Japanese transverse fue made of bamboo. It is used in gagaku.

Chinese Musical Instruments

1. Yueqin - Moon-shaped lute with shorter neck and four strings, played with a spectrum, used for accompanying local operas.
2. Pipa - Four-stringed lute with 30 frets and a pear-shaped body. This instrument has an extremely wide dynamic range and remarkable
expressive power.
3. Erhu - Two-stringed fiddle and one of the most popular Chinese instruments. It is used as a solo instrument as well as in small
ensembles or large orchestra, and by various ethnic groups.
4. Yunluo - Literally "cloud gongs" or "cloud of gongs", the yunluo is a set of ten small tuned gongs mounted in a wooden frame. The
yunluo's gongs are generally of equal diameter but different Thicknesses. The thicker gongs produce a higher pitch.
5. Sheng - Sheng, or Chinese mouth organ, looks like a set of panpipes, with 12 to 36 bamboo pipes. Each pipe is of different length with
a brass reed at the bottom and a hole that must be blocked in order for the note to sound. This makes it possible to sound several
notes simultaneously, so chords and melody can be performed at the same time. Sheng is one of the oldest Chinese musical
instruments.
6. Dizi - Dizi is the traditional Chinese flute. It can have a membrane over an extra hole to give the characteristic rattle effect. The player
plays the Dizi by blowing across the mouthpiece and produces the different notes by stopping the six holes found in the rod.
7. Zheng - An ancient Chinese instrument that has an arched surface and an elongated-trapezoid with 13 to 21 strings stretched over
individual bridges. It’s playing range spans three to four octaves.
8. Pengling - These are two small bells made of high-tin bronze, without internal clappers, and hemispheric or bottomless gourd-like in
shape. The instrument has a delicate, clarion and melodious tone. It is a coloring rhythmic instrument, either in ensembles or in
theater music, bringing an effect of peaceful dreams.
Korean Music
Korea's folk music tradition, with its generous use of bright rhythms and melodies, offers a more energetic and capricious contrast to the
nation's collection of classical music works. Folk music represents the soul and sound of traditional Korean villages with an eclectic array of
music forms including numerous folk songs, various forms of instrumental pieces, pansori, and shaman ritual music.
Instrumental music of Korea
- Changgo (Percussion Instrument)
- Haegum (String Instrument)
- Geomungo (String Instrument)
- Kayagum (String Instrument)
- Piri (Wind Instrument)
 ARTS
Paintings in East Asia do not only apply on paper, silk and wood.
 Performers of Kabuki in Japan and Peking Opera
 China use their faces as the canvas for painting
 In Korea mask painting is done.

CHINA
Guan Ju - Red indicates devotion, courage, bravery, uprightness and loyalty. (RED)
Huang Pang - Yellow signifies fierceness, ambition and cool-headedness. (YELLOW)
Zhu Wen - A green face tells the audience that the character is not only impulsive and violent, he also lacks self-restraint. (GREEN)
Zhang Fei - Black symbolizes roughness and fierceness. The black face indicates either a rough and bold character or an impartial and selfless
personality. (BLACK)
Lian Po - Purple stands for uprightness and cool-headedness. While a reddish purple face indicates a just and noble character. (PURPLE)
Cao Cao - white suggests treachery, suspiciousness and craftiness. It is common to see the white face of the powerful villain on stage. (WHITE)
Jiang Gan - The clown or CHOU in Chinese Opera has special makeup patterns called xiaohualian (the petty painted face). Sometimes a small
patch of chalk is painted around the nose to show a mean and secretive character. At times, the xiaohualian is also painted on a young page or
jesting to enliven up the performance.

JAPAN
Kabuki Make- up of Japan Kabuki makeup or Kesho is already in itself an interpretation of the actor’s own role through the medium of the
facial features. “On stage, this interpretation becomes a temporalization of makeup in collaboration with the audience. The result is a decoding
of the drama traced out in the graphic designs of the painted face.” — Masao Yamaguchi (quoted in The Painted Body, 1984)

Kabuki Makeup is also another way of face painting which has two types:
1. Standard makeup - applied to most actors
2. Kumadori makeup - applied to villains and heroes
- It is composed of very dramatic lines and shapes using colors that represent certain qualities.
 Dark red = passion or anger
 = depression or sadness
 Pink = youth
 Light green = calm
 Black = fear
 Purple = nobility
KOREAN MASK
Korean masks, called tal or t'al, originated with religious meaning just like the masks of other countries which also have religious or artistic
origins. Korea has a rich history of masks. They use it in funeral services to help banish evil spirits and theatre plays dating back to the
prehistoric age.
The roles of colors in Korean masks:
1. Black, Red and White – Bright and vibrant colors that help establish the age and race of the figure
2. Half Red and Half White mask - symbolize the idea that the wearer has two fathers, Mr. Red and Mr. White
3. Dark-faced mask - indicates that the character was born of an adulterous mother

PHYSICAL EDUCATION
BASKETBALL
In early December 1891, Canadian James Naismith, a Clergyman, Physician and a physical education professor and instructor at the
International Young Men's Christian Association Training School (YMCA) (today, Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts, was trying
to keep his gym class active on a rainy day. He sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his students occupied and at proper levels of fitness
during the long New England winters. After rejecting other ideas as either too rough or poorly suited to walled-in gymnasiums, he wrote the
basic rules and nailed a peach basket onto a 10-foot (3.0 m) elevated track. In contrast with modern basketball nets, this peach basket retained
its bottom, and balls had to be retrieved manually after each "basket" or point scored; this proved inefficient, however, so the bottom of the
basket was removed, allowing the balls to be poked out with a long dowel each time.
BASIC SKILLS
1. Shooting
2. Passing
- Bounce Pass
- Chest Pass
- Overhead Pass 94 feet
3. Running
4. Rebounding
5. Dribbling
6. Drive
50 feet

 A regulation basketball court in international games is 94 feet (28.0 meters) long

and 50 feet (15 meters) wide.
 The Ball of Basketball is 75 to 78cm in circumference and weighs 600-650 grams.
Baseball
Abner Doubleday
You may have heard that a young man named Abner Doubleday invented the game known as baseball in Cooperstown, New York, during the
summer of 1839. Doubleday then went on to become a Civil War hero, while baseball became America's beloved national pastime.

How did baseball begin?

While the exact origins of baseball are unknown, most historians agree that it is based on the English game of rounders, Although
popular legend says that the game was invented by Abner Doubleday, baseball's true father was Cartwright. The first recorded baseball contest
took place a year later, in 1846.
5 Skills in Baseball
1. Speed
2. Power
3. Hitting/Batting
4. Fielding
5. Arm strength

HEALTH
 DATING
 MARRIAGE
 NEWBORN
 INFATUATION
 FRIENDSHIPS
 FAMILY
 ENGAGEMENT
 COURTSHIP
 PREGNANCY

INFATUATION (Crush)
 is the state of being completely carried away by unreasoning passion or love; addictive love
 is admiration for someone while not recognizing that person’s flaws
 is a feeling of likeness to someone in a short period of time
 usually lasts for only a short time, few weeks or maybe a few months
LOVE
 can be described as a feeling of intense affection for someone
 is based on a true desire for the other person’s best interests
ATTRACTION
 is admiration for someone that may include the desire to get to know that person better
 usually takes place in the form of infatuation or crush
COURTSHIP
Courtship is the period in a couple’s relationship which precedes their engagement and marriage.
During courtship, a couple gets to know each other and decides if there will be an engagement.
Courtship is also a test of compatibility between the two persons.
Courtship is an opportunity to know the background of each other, including the family where each one belongs.
Different Traditional Practices of Courtship in the Philippines
ILOCOS REGION
 Tapat serenading (harana)
 “To be in front of the woman’s house”
TAGALOG REGION
Balagtasan
The suitor begins singing a romantic song, and then the courted lady responds by singing, too.
LUZON
Rooster Courtship
The rooster is assigned to be the "negotiator", wherein the male chicken is left to stay in the home of the courted to crow every single
morning for the admired lady's family.
BULACAN
Naninilong
“Serenading from the basement”
BATANGAS
 Gestures and Actions
 Serenading with Tagalog love songs accompanied by a guitar
 Doing household chores
 Pay respect to the woman’s parents by saying “Mano po.”
PANGASINAN
Taga-amo means “tamer” is a form of love potion or charm
Palabas means “show or drama” The suitor pretends to commit suicide
KALINGA
Ca-i-sing (Ifugaos)
Ebgan (Kalingas)
Pangis (Tingguians)
A man and a woman are separated into “houses.”
The house for the males is called ato, while the house for females is known as the olog or agamang.
PALAWAN
 Pasaguli
 Love riddles
To assess the sentiments of the parents of both suitor and the woman
Pabalic / Pabalik is done to settle the price in a form of dowry that will be received by the woman from the courting man.
CEBU
 Balak (serenade)
 Love letters (sent through a trusted friend or relative of the woman)
 Presents (to the woman and her relatives)
 Love potions
LEYTE
 Pangagad / Paninilbihan
The suitor accomplishes household and farm chores for the family of the woman (approximately 1 year before they get married).
Subok – a trial or test period for the serving suitor
TAUSUGS of MINDANAO
 Palabas, sarakahan tupul, or magpasumbahi
A suitor would threaten to stab his heart while in front of the courted woman’s father.
If the father of the woman refuses to give her daughter’s hand, the suitor is smitten by a knife.
BAGOBOS of MINDANAO
Send a knife or a spear as a gift to the home of the courted woman for inspection.
Accepting the weapon is equivalent to accepting the man’s romantic intention and advances.