PACIFIC SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
EXPERIMENT- 1
Introduction Of Chemcad Software
Process simulation software:-
describes processes in flow diagrams where unit operations are positioned and connected
by product or eductstreams. The software has to solve the mass and energy balance to find a
stable operating point. The goal of a process simulation is to find optimal conditions for an
examined process.
Ex. Chemcad software , hysis, aspenfamily. Etc
Chemcad software
Most processes in the chemical, petro-chemical, pharmaceutical, mechanical and
environmental process technologies can be simulated using CHEMCAD™ simulation software
by Chemstations Inc. of Houston. The entire CHEMCAD Suite, with its add-on modules, offers a
powerful and efficient range of simulation capability. Each module can be acquired as a stand-
alone version or as an add-on version to the main programme CHEMCAD. CC-SAFETY NET
and CC-FLASH are already included in CHEMCAD.Simulation with CHEMCAD is based on a
large database including more than 2000 components for gases, liquids, solids and electrolytes.
Extensive thermodynamic models are available to calculate phase equilibrium and a graphical
palette of common unit operations complete the user-friendly modern and intuitive interface of
the CHEMCAD SUITE. Throughout the world, many processes are being simulated successfully
with CHEMCAD and giving excellent comparisons with reality. Based on this even established
processes can be improved and optimised, thus avoiding expensive plant studies. From initial
concept CHEMCAD is used in plant simulation in order to verify the realisation of an idea.
When using CHEMCAD a process goal is achieved within a very short timescale avoiding
expensive laboratory or pilot plant trials.
Advantages :
the speed and accuracy of process simulation begins to save tremendous time and money.
And not only for design changes.
Phone and e-mail access to high-level customer support engineers.
Ticketing system to track feature requests and software improvements.
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Features:
User-customizable panes.
Workspace to create and work with process flow diagrams(PFDs).
Message pane that displays diagnostics as you work with a simulation.
CHEMCAD Explore pane that makes navigating simulation easy.
Palette pane for easy drag and drop acces to unit operation and symbols.
Toolbar that provides easy acces to common tasks.
Menu for Chemcad :-
Some of the important and most commonly used menu items are described here. (The user is
recommended to actually get a hands on practice of all the menu items to be familiar with
CHEMCAD)
File:
This menu is primarily used to create a new job, to open or close an
existing job, to save, import or export jobs, to print the job, and to exit out of
CHEMCAD.
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Edit:
This menu is usually selected for editing of the flow sheets. This is occasionally used
to find UnitOp’s in the flow sheet (specially in case of a process with large number of
UnitOps). Another important option available under this menu is the Symbol Builder,
which can be used to create complex geometrical shapes. These can be copied and
pasted back on to the CHEMCAD simulation window at any stage as desired by the
user.
Format:
This is a very useful menu and often used in all the instruction modules to
set/change the engineering units. (this can be done by selecting Engineering Units
under this menu).
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Fill pattern
This can be used to alter the appearance of any UnitOp icon on the flow sheet. One
can draw horizontal, vertical or diagonal lines, add/delete filling, etc. One can actually try
this feature by clicking on any UnitOp icon on the CHEMCAD palette and clicking once
again on the workspace to paste it. Select that unit operation and go to Format. Click on
Fill pattern to try to change the appearance of that UnitOp icon by adding or removing
filling/lines etc.
Run Simulation
This menu item toggles between Run simulation and Edit flowsheet. The
flowsheet can be edited only when this menubar shows Edit flowsheet (Each time the
simulation is in Edit flowsheet mode, the CHEMCAD symbol palette will be visible).
The S/G icon that can be seen in the bottom row of the main menu also has the same
function as the Run Simulation.
Thermophysical:
This is also a frequently used menu bar and some of the most important
applications are as follows:
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Databank:
With this, one can get into the CHEMCAD database and view all the properties
associated with each component found in the database. One can also create a new
component that is not found in the existing database using various empirical methods
such as UNIFAC and UNIQUAC.
Component List:
Using this option, one can select the components to be used in the flow sheet from
CHEMCAD database. When Component list is selected, the following window
appears. One can type in the name of the component in the dialogue box provided in
the bottom. Once CHEMCAD finds that component, one can click on Add toadd it to
the components list. One can also browse in to other CHEMCAD files and copy
components from those files by clicking on Copy components from another job. The
Delete icon on the bottom left corner can be used to delete any components
previously added to the database. The icon, Clear, as the name indicates, clears all the
components from the Selected Components list and the user will have to start over
and enter the desired components again. The Insert icon can be used to arrange the
components in a specific order.
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Run:
This menu is used when
a. When a simulation needs to be changed from steady state to dynamic mode (The
procedure to do this will be explained in detail in the instruction modules for
dynamic simulations)
b. All the unit operations in the flow sheet need to be run (by selecting Run All)
c. When just a few selected unit operations areto be run (by selecting Run Selected
Units)
Results:
This menu item also is very frequently used to retrieve the results after a simulation. The
sub-items in this menu bar allow one to print the results specific to a stream, unit
operation, and also the results associated with each unit operation. In addition to these,
there are several options for printing out the thermodynamic properties, tower profiles
and tray properties in case of the simulation of towers etc. This section is explained for
each individual unit operation in their corresponding instruction modules.
Help:
This is the easiest and most efficient method of finding out more information about
CHEMCAD and its simulation applications. One can select Help topics and type in
the key words in the search field to search for any information available in the
CHEMCAD manuals. An alternative to this would be to go to www.chemstations.net
and go to Support and then click on Manuals or one can go to Bulletin board to post
any questions about CHEMCAD.
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EXPERIMENT- 2
Aim: separation of methanol water mixture in SCDS Column
Feed Stream:
Stream No. 1
Steam Name Feed
Temp. ċ 30
Pres. Bar 1.2
Vapour frc. 0
Enthalpy MJ/h -69848
Total flow 6000
Total flow unit Kg/h
Comp. unit Kg/h
Methanol 3000
Water 3000
Process flow sheet:
Excel sheet:
STREAM PROPERTIES
Stream No. 1 2 3
Name feed
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- - Overall - -
Molar flow kmol/h 260.155 94.3067 165.8483
Mass flow kg/h 6000 2999.106 3000.895
Temp C 30 69.0842 103.7978
Pres bar 1.2 1.2 1.2
Vapor mole fraction 0 0 0
Enth MJ/h -69848 -22253 -46351
Tc C 305.3669 240.7421 372.7931
Pc bar 124.8465 81.907 218.732
Std. sp gr. wtr = 1 0.889 0.802 0.998
Std. sp gr. air = 1 0.796 1.098 0.625
Degree API 27.6214 44.9008 10.3524
Average mol wt 23.0632 31.8016 18.0942
Actual dens kg/m3 877.5931 746.612 951.6626
Actual vol m3/h 6.8369 4.017 3.1533
Std liq m3/h 6.7472 3.7388 3.0084
Std vap 0 C m3/h 5831.023 2113.757 3717.265
- - Liquid only - -
Molar flow kmol/h 260.155 94.3067 165.8483
Mass flow kg/h 6000 2999.106 3000.894
Average mol wt 23.0632 31.8016 18.0942
Actual dens kg/m3 877.5931 746.612 951.6625
Actual vol m3/h 6.8369 4.017 3.1533
Std liq m3/h 6.7472 3.7388 3.0084
Std vap 0 C m3/h 5831.023 2113.757 3717.265
Cp kJ/kg-K 3.3724 2.8722 4.2148
Z factor 0.0016 0.0024 0.001
Visc N-s/m2 0.000693 0.000332 0.000269
Th cond W/m-K 0.3291 0.1891 0.6671
Surf. tens. N/m 0.0384 0.0187 0.057
Flow rates in kg/h
Methanol 3000 2969.991 30.0089
Water 3000 29.1147 2970.886
Result:
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EXPERIMENT- 3
Aim: separation of methanol water mixture in SCDS Column
Feed Stream:
Stream No. 1
Steam Name Feed
Temp. ċ 30
Pres. Bar 1.2
Vapour frc. 0
Enthalpy MJ/h -69848
Total flow 6000
Total flow unit Kg/h
Comp. unit Kg/h
Methanol 3000
Water 3000
Process flow sheet:
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Excel sheet:
STREAM PROPERTIES
Stream No. 1 2 3
Name feed
- - Overall - -
Molar flow kmol/h 260.155 94.3067 165.8483
Mass flow kg/h 6000 2999.106 3000.895
Temp C 30 69.0842 103.7978
Pres bar 1.2 1.2 1.2
Vapor mole fraction 0 0 0
Enth MJ/h -69848 -22253 -46351
Tc C 305.3669 240.7421 372.7931
Pc bar 124.8465 81.907 218.732
Std. sp gr. wtr = 1 0.889 0.802 0.998
Std. sp gr. air = 1 0.796 1.098 0.625
Degree API 27.6214 44.9008 10.3524
Average mol wt 23.0632 31.8016 18.0942
Actual dens kg/m3 877.5931 746.612 951.6626
Actual vol m3/h 6.8369 4.017 3.1533
Std liq m3/h 6.7472 3.7388 3.0084
Std vap 0 C m3/h 5831.023 2113.757 3717.265
- - Liquid only - -
Molar flow kmol/h 260.155 94.3067 165.8483
Mass flow kg/h 6000 2999.106 3000.894
Average mol wt 23.0632 31.8016 18.0942
Actual dens kg/m3 877.5931 746.612 951.6625
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Actual vol m3/h 6.8369 4.017 3.1533
Std liq m3/h 6.7472 3.7388 3.0084
Std vap 0 C m3/h 5831.023 2113.757 3717.265
Cp kJ/kg-K 3.3724 2.8722 4.2148
Z factor 0.0016 0.0024 0.001
Visc N-s/m2 0.000693 0.000332 0.000269
Th cond W/m-K 0.3291 0.1891 0.6671
Surf. tens. N/m 0.0384 0.0187 0.057
Flow rates in kg/h
Methanol 3000 2969.991 30.0089
Water 3000 29.1147 2970.886
Result:
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EXPERIMENT- 4
Aim : Recycle Calculation by using Chemcad
Feed Stream:
Stream No. 1 3
Steam Name Ethane Methane
Temp. ċ 50 80
Pres. Bar 2 3
Vapour frc. 1 1
Enthalpy MJ/h -274.6639 -1819.34
Total flow 100 400
Total flow unit Kg/h Kg/h
Comp. unit Weight frac Weight frac
Methane 0 1
Ethane 1 0
Process flow sheet:
Excel
sheet:
Simulation: Untitled
STREAM PROPERTIES
Stream No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Name Ethane Methane
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- - Overall - -
Molar flow kmol/h 3.3256 40.3686 24.933 40.3686 40.3677 12.1101 12.1101 28.2576 12.1101
Mass flow kg/h 100 714.28 400 714.28 714.28 214.28 214.28 500 214.28
Temp C 50 78.4332 80 150 324.7348 324.7348 90 324.7348 89.7225
Pres bar 2 2 3 1.95 10 10 9.95 10 9.12
Vapor mole fraction 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Enth MJ/h -274.63 -2981.2 -1816.6 -2857.1 -2498.9 -749.66 -889.91 -1749.3 -889.91
Tc C 32.28 -63.6393 -82.52 -63.6393 -63.6348 -63.6348 -63.6348 -63.6348 -63.6348
Pc bar 48.8386 53.5365 46.0015 53.5365 53.5379 53.5379 53.5379 53.5379 53.5379
Std. sp gr. wtr = 1 0.356 0.31 0.3 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31
Std. sp gr. air = 1 1.038 0.611 0.554 0.611 0.611 0.611 0.611 0.611 0.611
Degree API 265.5258 325.237 340.1667 325.237 325.2336 325.2336 325.2336 325.2336 325.2336
Average mol wt 30.07 17.6939 16.043 17.6939 17.6943 17.6943 17.6943 17.6943 17.6943
Actual dens kg/m3 2.2654 1.2135 1.6433 0.9816 3.5527 3.5527 5.8875 3.5527 5.3965
Actual vol m3/h 44.1424 588.6169 243.4093 727.6747 201.0509 60.3142 36.396 140.7368 39.7076
Std liq m3/h 0.2806 2.3056 1.3333 2.3056 2.3056 0.6917 0.6917 1.6139 0.6917
Std vap 0 C m3/h 74.5382 904.8087 558.8394 904.8087 904.7872 271.4311 271.4311 633.3561 271.4311
- - Vapor only - -
Molar flow kmol/h 3.3256 40.3686 24.933 40.3686 40.3677 12.1101 12.1101 28.2576 12.1101
Mass flow kg/h 100 714.28 400 714.28 714.28 214.28 214.28 500 214.28
Average mol wt 30.07 17.6939 16.043 17.6939 17.6943 17.6943 17.6943 17.6943 17.6943
Actual dens kg/m3 2.2654 1.2135 1.6433 0.9816 3.5527 3.5527 5.8875 3.5527 5.3965
Actual vol m3/h 44.1424 588.6169 243.4093 727.6747 201.0509 60.3142 36.396 140.7368 39.7076
Std liq m3/h 0.2806 2.3056 1.3333 2.3056 2.3056 0.6917 0.6917 1.6139 0.6917
Std vap 0 C m3/h 74.5382 904.8087 558.8394 904.8087 904.7872 271.4311 271.4311 633.3561 271.4311
Cp kJ/kg-K 1.8925 2.3055 2.3893 2.5564 3.2139 3.2139 2.3775 3.2139 2.3735
Z factor 0.9882 0.9977 0.9976 0.9992 1.002 1.002 0.9905 1.002 0.9913
Visc N-s/m2 1.01E-05 1.25E-05 1.28E-05 1.46E-05 1.90E-05 1.90E-05 1.29E-05 1.90E-05 1.28E-05
Th cond W/m-K 0.0247 0.04 0.0425 0.0517 0.0836 0.0836 0.0424 0.0836 0.0423
Flow rates in kg/h
Methane 0 571.41 400 571.41 571.3771 171.4099 171.4099 399.9672 171.4099
Ethane 100 142.8701 0 142.8701 142.9029 42.8701 42.8701 100.0328 42.8701
Result:
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Experiment 5
Aim: Minimise F(x) = (x-1)4 using unidimensional search method.
Where x0 = -1.5
Solution: using Newton’s method
Formula:
𝐹′ (𝑋𝑛)
𝑋(𝑛 + 1) = 𝑋𝑛 − 𝐹′′ (𝑋𝑛)
Here;
F’(x) = 4(X-1)3
F’’(x) = 12(X-1)2
Calculation Table:
Sr no. X0 F'(x) F"(x) X
X1 -1.5 -62.5 75 -0.66667
X2 -0.66667 -18.5185 33.33333 -0.11111
X3 -0.11111 -5.48697 14.81481 0.259259
X4 0.259259 -1.62577 6.584362 0.506173
X5 0.506173 -0.48171 2.926383 0.670782
X6 0.670782 -0.14273 1.300615 0.780521
X7 0.780521 -0.04229 0.578051 0.853681
X8 0.853681 -0.01253 0.256912 0.902454
X9 0.902454 -0.00371 0.114183 0.934969
X10 0.934969 -0.0011 0.050748 0.956646
X11 0.956646 -0.00033 0.022555 0.971097
X12 0.971097 -9.7E-05 0.010024 0.980732
X13 0.980732 -2.9E-05 0.004455 0.987154
X14 0.987154 -8.5E-06 0.00198 0.991436
X15 0.991436 -2.5E-06 0.00088 0.994291
Result:
Minimise value of given function is 0.994 solve by unidimensional method.
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