ANALYTICAL INDEX TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES

AND THE AMENDMENTS THERETO

Art. Sec. Cl. Art. Sec. Cl.

A Amendments to the Constitution. Whenever two-thirds
of both Houses shall deem it necessary, Congress
Abridged. The privileges or immunities of citizens of shall propose ............................................................. 5 — —
the United States shall not be. [Amendments] ........... 14 1 — On application of the legislatures of two-thirds of
Absent members, in such manner and under such pen- the States, Congress shall call a convention to
alties as it may provide. Each House is authorized propose ............................................................... 5 — —
to compel the attendance of ...................................... 1 5 1 Shall be valid when ratified by the legislatures of,
Accounts of receipts and expenditures of public money or by conventions in, three-fourths of the States . 5 — —
shall be published from time to time. A statement Answer for a capital or infamous crime unless on pre-
of the ......................................................................... 1 9 7 sentment of a grand jury. No person shall be held
Accusation. In all criminal prosecutions the accused to. [Amendments] ..................................................... 5 — —
shall be informed of the cause and nature of the. Except in cases in the land or naval forces, or in
[Amendments] .......................................................... 6 — — the militia when in actual service. [Amend-
Accused shall have a speedy public trial. In all criminal ments] ................................................................. 5 — —
prosecutions the. [Amendments] ............................... 6 — — Appellate jurisdiction both as to law and fact, with such
He shall be tried by an impartial jury of the State exceptions and under such regulations as Congress
and district where the crime was committed. shall make. In what cases the Supreme Court shall
[Amendments] .................................................... 6 — — have .......................................................................... 3 2 2
He shall be informed of the nature of the accusa- Application of the legislature or the executive of a
tion. [Amendments] ............................................ 6 — — State. The United States shall protect each State
He shall be confronted with the witnesses against against invasion and domestic violence on the .......... 4 4 —
him. [Amendments] ............................................ 6 — — Application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the
He shall have compulsory process for obtaining States, Congress shall call a convention for propos-
witnesses in his favor. [Amendments] ................. 6 — — ing amendments to the Constitution. On the ............. 5 — —
He shall have the assistance of counsel for his de- Appointment. Of officers and authority to train the mi-
fense. [Amendments] ........................................... 6 — — litia reserved to the States respectively .................... 1 8 16
Of such inferior officers as they may think proper
Actions at common law involving over twenty dollars in the President alone. Congress may by law vest
shall be tried by jury. [Amendments] ........................ 7 — — the ...................................................................... 2 2 2
Acts, records, and judicial proceedings of another In the courts of law or in the heads of departments.
State. Full faith and credit shall be given in each Congress may by law vest the .............................. 2 2 2
State to the ............................................................... 4 1 — Of Presidential and Vice-Presidential electors.
Acts. Congress shall prescribe the manner of proving District of Columbia to have power of. [Amend-
such acts, records, and proceedings ........................... 4 1 — ments] ................................................................. 23 1 —
Adjourn from day to day. A smaller number than a Apportionment of representation and direct taxation
quorum of each House may ........................................ 1 5 1 among the several States. Provisions relating to the 1 2 3
Adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes
place than that in which they shall be sitting. Nei- on incomes, from whatever source derived, with-
ther House shall, during the session of Congress, out apportionment among the several States.
without the consent of the other ............................... 1 5 4 [Amendments] .................................................... 16 — —
Adjournment, the President may adjourn them to such Of Representatives among the several States. Pro-
time as he shall think proper. In case of disagree- visions relating to the. [Amendments] ................ 14 — —
ment between the two Houses as to ............................ 2 3 — Appropriate legislation. Congress shall have power to
Admiralty and maritime jurisdiction. The judicial make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into
power shall extend to all cases of ............................... 3 2 1 execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers
Admitted by the Congress into this Union, but no new vested by the Constitution in the Government of the
States shall be formed or erected within the jurisdic- United States, or in any department or officer there-
tion of any other State. New States may be ............... 4 3 1 of .............................................................................. 1 8 18
Nor shall any State be formed by the junction of Congress shall have power to enforce the thir-
two or more States, or parts of States, without teenth article, prohibiting slavery by. [Amend-
the consent of the legislatures and of Congress .... 4 3 1 ments] ................................................................. 13 2 —
Adoption of the Constitution shall be valid. All debts Congress shall have power to enforce the provi-
and engagements contracted by the confederation sions of the fourteenth article by. [Amendments] 14 5 —
and before the ........................................................... 6 — 1 Congress shall have power to enforce the provi-
Advice and consent of the Senate. The President shall sions of the fifteenth article by. [Amendments] ... 15 2 —
have power to make treaties by and with the ............. 2 2 2 Congress and the several States shall have concur-
To appoint ambassadors or other public ministers rent power to enforce the provisions of the eight-
and consuls by and with the ................................. 2 2 2 eenth article. [Amendments] .............................. 18 2 —
To appoint all other officers of the United States Congress shall have power to enforce the provi-
not herein otherwise provided for by and with sions of the nineteenth article. [Amendments] .... 19 — —
the ...................................................................... 2 2 2 Congress shall have power to enforce the provi-
Affirmation. Senators sitting to try impeachments sions of the twenty-third article by. [Amend-
shall be on oath or ..................................................... 1 3 6 ments] ................................................................. 23 2 —
To be taken by the President of the United States. Congress shall have power to enforce the provi-
Form of the oath or ............................................. 2 1 8 sions of the twenty-fourth article by. [Amend-
No warrants shall be issued but upon probable ments] ................................................................. 24 2 —
cause and on oath or. [Amendments] ................... 4 — — Congress shall have power to enforce the provi-
To support the Constitution. Senators and Rep- sions of the twenty-sixth article by. [Amend-
resentatives, members of State legislatures, ex- ments] ................................................................. 26 2 —
Appropriation of money for raising and supporting ar-
ecutive and judicial officers, both State and Fed- mies shall be for a longer term than two years. But
eral, shall be bound by oath or ............................. 6 — 3 no .............................................................................. 1 8 12
Age. No person shall be a Representative who shall not Appropriations made by law. No money shall be drawn
have attained twenty-five years of ............................ 1 2 2 from the Treasury but in consequence of ................... 1 9 7
No person shall be a Senator who shall not have Approve and sign a bill before it shall become a law.
attained thirty years of ....................................... 1 3 3 The President shall ................................................... 1 7 2
Right of citizens of the United States, who are He shall return it to the House in which it origi-
eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not nated, with his objections, if he does not ............. 1 7 2
be denied or abridged by the United States or any Armies, but no appropriation for that use shall be for
State on account of age. [Amendments] .............. 26 1 — a longer term than two years. Congress shall have
Agreement or compact with another State without the power to raise and support ......................................... 1 8 12
consent of Congress. No State shall enter into any .... 1 10 3 Armies. Congress shall make rules for the government
Aid and comfort. Treason against the United States and regulation of the land and naval forces ................ 1 8 14
shall consist in levying war against them, adhering Arms shall not be infringed. A well-regulated militia
to their enemies, and giving them ............................. 3 3 1 being necessary to the security of a free State, the
Alliance or confederation. No State shall enter into any right of the people to keep and bear. [Amendments] .. 2 — —
treaty of .................................................................... 1 10 1 Arrest during their attendance at the session of their
Ambassadors, or other public ministers and consuls. respective Houses, and in going to and returning
The President may appoint ....................................... 2 2 2 from the same. Members shall in all cases, except
The judicial power of the United States shall ex- treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privi-
tend to all cases affecting .................................... 3 2 1 leged from ................................................................. 1 6 1

Page I
ANALYTICAL INDEX TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES Page II

Art. Sec. Cl. Art. Sec. Cl.

Arsenals. Congress shall exercise exclusive authority Citizen of the United States at the adoption of the Con-
over all places purchased for the erection of .............. 1 8 17 stitution shall be eligible to the office of President.
Articles exported from any State. No tax or duty shall No person not a natural-born ..................................... 2 1 5
be laid on ................................................................... 1 9 5 Citizen of the United States. No person shall be a Sen-
Arts by securing to authors and inventors their patent ator who shall not have attained the age of thirty
rights. Congress may promote the progress of science years, and been nine years a ...................................... 1 3 3
and the useful ............................................................ 1 8 8 No person shall be a Representative who shall not
Assistance of counsel for his defense. In all criminal have attained the age of twenty-five years, and
prosecutions the accused shall have the. [Amend- been seven years a ............................................... 1 2 2
ments] ....................................................................... 6 — — Right of citizens to vote shall not be denied or
Assumption of the debt or obligations incurred in aid abridged by the United States or any State on
of rebellion or insurrection against the United account of sex. [Amendments] ............................. 19 — —
States. Provisions against the. [Amendments] .......... 14 4 — Right to vote shall not be denied or abridged by
Attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. No bill the United States or any State for failure to pay
of .............................................................................. 1 9 3 any poll tax or other tax. [Amendments] ............. 24 1 —
Attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obliga- Right to vote shall not be denied or abridged by
tion of contracts. No State shall pass any bill of ........ 1 10 1 the United States or any State to any citizen
Attainder of treason shall not work corruption of blood eighteen years or older, on account of age.
or forfeiture, except during the life of the person [Amendments] .................................................... 26 1 —
attainted .................................................................. 3 3 2 Citizenship. Citizens of each State shall be entitled to
Authors and inventors the exclusive right to their writ- all the privileges and immunities of citizens of the
ings and inventions. Congress shall have power to se- several States ........................................................... 4 2 1
cure to ....................................................................... 1 8 8 All persons born or naturalized in the United
States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof,
B are citizens of the United States and of the State
in which they reside. [Amendments] ................... 14 1 —
Bail. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive No State shall make or enforce any law which shall
fines nor cruel and unusual punishments imposed. abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens
[Amendments] .......................................................... 8 — — of the United States. [Amendments] ................... 14 1 —
Ballot for President and Vice President. The electors Nor shall any State deprive any person of life, lib-
shall vote by. [Amendments] ..................................... 12 — — erty, or property without due process of law.
Ballot. If no person have a majority of the electoral [Amendments] .................................................... 14 1 —
votes for President and Vice President, the House of Nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the
Representatives shall immediately choose the Presi- equal protection of the laws. [Amendments] ....... 14 1 —
dent by. [Amendments] ............................................. 12 — — Citizens or subjects of a foreign state. The judicial power
Bankruptcies. Congress shall have power to pass uni- of the United States shall not extend to suits in law
form laws on the subject of ........................................ 1 8 4 or equity brought against one of the States by the
Basis of representation among the several States. Pro- citizens of another State, or by. [Amendments] ......... 11 — —
visions relating to the. [Amendments] ...................... 14 2 — Civil officers of the United States shall, on impeach-
Bear arms shall not be infringed. A well-regulated mili- ment for and conviction of treason, bribery, and
tia being necessary to the security of a free State, other high crimes and misdemeanors be removed.
the right of the people to keep and. [Amendments] .... 2 — — All ............................................................................. 2 4 —
Behavior. The judges of the Supreme and inferior Claims of the United States or any particular State in
courts shall hold their offices during good ................. 3 1 — the territory or public property. Nothing in this Con-
Bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. stitution shall be construed to prejudice ................... 4 3 2
No ............................................................................. 1 9 3 Classification of Senators. Immediately after they shall
Bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the be assembled after the first election, they shall be
obligation of contracts. No State shall pass any ........ 1 10 1 divided as equally as may be into three classes .......... 1 3 2
Bills of credit. No State shall emit ................................ 1 10 1 The seats of the Senators of the first class shall
Bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House be vacated at the expiration of the second year .... 1 3 2
of Representatives. All .............................................. 1 7 1 The seats of the Senators of the second class at
Bills which shall have passed the Senate and House of the expiration of the fourth year ......................... 1 3 2
The seats of the Senators of the third class at the
Representatives shall, before they become laws, be expiration of the sixth year ................................. 1 3 2
presented to the President ........................................ 1 7 2 Coin a tender in payment of debts. No State shall make
If he approve, he shall sign them; if he disapprove, anything but gold and silver ...................................... 1 10 1
he shall return them, with his objections, to that Coin money and regulate the value thereof and of for-
House in which they originated ........................... 1 7 2 eign coin. Congress shall have power to ..................... 1 8 5
Upon the reconsideration of a bill returned by the Coin of the United States. Congress shall provide for
President with his objections, if two-thirds of punishing the counterfeiting the securities and cur-
each House agree to pass the same, it shall be- rent ........................................................................... 1 8 6
come a law .......................................................... 1 7 2 Color, or previous condition of servitude. The right of
Upon the reconsideration of a bill returned by the citizens of the United States to vote shall not be de-
President, the question shall be taken by yeas nied or abridged by the United States or by any State
and nays .............................................................. 1 7 2 on account of race. [Amendments] ............................ 15 1 —
Not returned by the President within ten days Comfort. Treason against the United States shall con-
(Sundays excepted) shall, unless Congress ad- sist in levying war against them, and giving their
journ, become laws .............................................. 1 7 2 enemies aid and ......................................................... 3 3 1
Borrow money on the credit of the United States. Con- Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, and of the
gress shall have power to ........................................... 1 8 2 militia when in actual service. The President shall
Bounties and pensions, shall not be questioned. The va- be .............................................................................. 2 2 1
lidity of the public debt incurred in suppressing in- Commerce with foreign nations, among the States, and
surrection and rebellion against the United States, with Indian tribes. Congress shall have power to reg-
including the debt for. [Amendments] ....................... 14 4 — ulate ......................................................................... 1 8 3
Breach of the peace, shall be privileged from arrest Commerce or revenue. No preference shall be given to
while attending the session, and in going to and re- the ports of one State over those of another by any
turning from the same. Senators and Representa- regulation of ............................................................. 1 9 6
tives, except for treason, felony, and ......................... 1 6 1 Vessels clearing from the ports of one State shall
Bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. The not pay duties in those of another ........................ 1 9 6
President, Vice President, and all civil officers shall Commissions to expire at the end of the next session.
be removed on impeachment for and conviction of The President may fill vacancies that happen in the
treason ...................................................................... 2 4 — recess of the Senate by granting ................................ 2 2 3
Common defense, promote the general welfare, &c. To
C insure the. [Preamble] ............................................... — — —
Common defense and general welfare. Congress shall
Capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on indict- have power to provide for the ..................................... 1 8 1
ment of a grand jury, except in certain specified Common law, where the amount involved exceeds twen-
cases. No person shall be held to answer for a. ty dollars, shall be tried by jury. Suits at. [Amend-
[Amendments] .......................................................... 5 — — ments] ....................................................................... 7 — —
Capitation or other direct tax shall be laid unless in No fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise reexam-
proportion to the census or enumeration. No ............. 1 9 4 ined in any court of the United States than ac-
Captures on land and water. Congress shall make rules cording to the rules of the. [Amendments] ........... 7 — —
concerning ................................................................ 1 8 11 Compact with another State. No State shall, without
Casting vote. The Vice President shall have no vote un- consent of Congress, enter into any agreement or ...... 1 10 3
less the Senate be equally divided ............................. 1 3 4 Compact with a foreign power. No State shall, without
Census or enumeration. Of the inhabitants shall be the consent of Congress, enter into any agreement
made within three years after the first meeting of or .............................................................................. 1 10 3
Congress, and within every subsequent term of ten Compensation of Senators and Representatives to be as-
years thereafter ........................................................ 1 2 3 certained by law ........................................................ 1 6 1
No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid ex- Compensation of the President shall not be increased
cept in proportion to the ..................................... 1 9 4 nor diminished during the period for which he shall
Chief Justice shall preside when the President of the be elected. ................................................................. 2 1 7
United States is tried upon impeachment. The .......... 1 3 6 Compensation of the judges of the Supreme and inferior
Choosing the electors and the day on which they shall courts shall not be diminished during their continu-
give their votes, which shall be the same throughout ance in office ............................................................. 3 1 —
the United States. Congress may determine the time Compensation. Private property shall not be taken for
of .............................................................................. 2 1 4 public use without just. [Amendments] ..................... 5 — —
Page III ANALYTICAL INDEX TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES

Art. Sec. Cl. Art. Sec. Cl.

Compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor. Shall have power to make all needful rules and reg-
In criminal prosecutions the accused shall have. ulations respecting the territory or other prop-
[Amendments] .......................................................... 6 — — erty belonging to the United States .................... 4 3 2
Confederation. No State shall enter into any treaty, al- Amendments to the Constitution shall be proposed
liance, or ................................................................... 1 10 1 whenever it shall be deemed necessary by two-
All debts contracted and engagements entered into thirds of both Houses of ....................................... 5 — —
before the adoption of this Constitution shall be Shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legis-
valid against the United States under it, as under lation, the thirteenth amendment. [Amend-
the ...................................................................... 6 — 1 ments] ................................................................. 13 2 —
Confession in open court. Conviction of treason shall Persons engaged in insurrection or rebellion
be on the testimony of two persons to the overt act, against the United States disqualified for Sen-
or upon ...................................................................... 3 3 1 ators or Representatives in. [Amendments] ........ 14 3 —
Congress of the United States. All legislative powers But such disqualification may be removed by a
shall be vested in a .................................................... 1 1 — vote of two-thirds of both Houses of. [Amend-
Shall consist of a Senate and House of Representa- ments] ................................................................. 14 3 —
tives .................................................................... 1 1 — Shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legis-
Shall assemble at least once in every year, which lation, the fourteenth amendment. [Amend-
shall be on the first Monday of December, unless ments] ................................................................. 14 5 —
they by law appoint a different day ..................... 1 4 2 Shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legis-
May at any time alter regulations for elections of lation, the fifteenth amendment. [Amendments] 15 2 —
Senators and Representatives, except as to the Shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legis-
places of choosing Senators ................................. 1 4 1 lation, the nineteenth amendment. [Amend-
Each House shall be the judge of the elections, re- ments] ................................................................. 19 — —
turns, and qualifications of its own members ...... 1 5 1 Sessions, time of assembling. [Amendments] ......... 20 2 —
A majority of each House shall constitute a To direct appointment of electors for President
quorum to do business ......................................... 1 5 1 and Vice President by District of Columbia.
A smaller number may adjourn from day to day [Amendments] .................................................... 23 1 —
and compel the attendance of absent members .... 1 5 1 Shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legis-
Each House may determine the rules of its proceed- lation, the twenty-third amendment. [Amend-
ings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, ments] ................................................................. 23 2 —
and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a Shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legis-
member ............................................................... 1 5 2 lation, the twenty-fourth amendment. [Amend-
Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings . 1 5 3 ments] ................................................................. 24 2 —
Neither House, during the session of Congress, Confirmation by majority vote of Vice President
shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn nominated by the President where vacancy in of-
for more than three days ..................................... 1 5 4 fice occurs. [Amendments] .................................. 25 2 —
Senators and Representatives shall receive a com- Shall decide the issue of the inability of the Presi-
pensation to be ascertained by law ...................... 1 6 1 dent to discharge the powers and duties of his of-
They shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and fice. [Amendments] ............................................. 25 4 —
breach of peace, be privileged from arrest during Shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legis-
attendance at their respective Houses, and in lation, the twenty-sixth amendment. [Amend-
going to and returning from the same .................. 1 6 1 ments] ................................................................. 26 2 —
No Senator or Representative shall, during his No law, varying the compensation for the services
term, be appointed to any civil office which shall of the Senators and Representatives, shall take
have been created, or of which the emoluments effect, until an election of Representatives shall
shall have been increased, during such term ........ 1 6 2 have intervened. [Amendments] .......................... 27 — —
No person holding any office under the United Consent. No State shall be deprived of its equal suffrage
States, shall, while in office, be a member of ei- in the Senate without its ........................................... 5 — —
Consent of Congress. No person holding any office of
ther House of Congress ........................................ 1 6 2 profit or trust under the United States shall accept
All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the of any present, emolument, office, or title of any
House of Representatives .................................... 1 7 1 kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign po-
Proceedings in cases of bills returned by the Presi- tentate, without the .................................................. 1 9 8
dent with his objections ...................................... 1 7 2 No State shall lay any imposts, or duties on im-
Shall have power to lay and collect duties, imposts, ports, except what may be absolutely necessary
and excises, pay the debts, and provide for the for executing its inspection laws, without the ..... 1 10 2
common defense and general welfare ................... 1 8 1 No State shall lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops
Shall have power to borrow money on the credit or ships of war in time of peace, without the ........ 1 10 3
of the United States ............................................ 1 8 2 No State shall enter into any agreement or com-
To regulate foreign and domestic commerce, and pact with another State, or with a foreign power,
with the Indian tribes .......................................... 1 8 3 without the ......................................................... 1 10 3
To establish uniform rule of naturalization and No State shall engage in war unless actually in-
uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies ....... 1 8 4 vaded, or in such imminent danger as will not
To coin money, regulate its value and the value admit of delay, without the ................................. 1 10 3
of foreign coin, and to fix the standard of weights No new State shall be formed or erected within the
and measures ...................................................... 1 8 5 jurisdiction of any other State, nor any State be
To punish counterfeiting of securities and current formed by the junction of two or more States,
coin of the United States ..................................... 1 8 6 or parts of States, without the consent of the leg-
To establish post-offices and post-roads ................. 1 8 7 islatures thereof, as well as the ........................... 4 3 1
To promote the progress of science and the useful Consent of the legislature of the State in which the
arts ..................................................................... 1 8 8 same may be. Congress shall exercise exclusive au-
To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme thority over all places purchased for the erection of
Court .................................................................. 1 8 9 forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other
To define and punish piracies and felonies on the needful buildings by the ............................................ 1 8 17
high seas and to punish offenses against the law Consent of the legislatures of the States and of Con-
of nations ............................................................ 1 8 10 gress. No States shall be formed by the junction of
To declare war, grant letters of marque and re- two or more States or parts of States without the ..... 4 3 1
prisal, and make rules concerning captures on Consent of the other. Neither House, during the session
land and water .................................................... 1 8 11 of Congress, shall adjourn for more than three days,
To raise and support armies, but no appropriation nor to any other place than that in which they shall
of money to that use shall be for a longer term be sitting, without the .............................................. 1 5 4
than two years .................................................... 1 8 12 Consent of the owner. No soldier shall be quartered in
To provide and maintain a Navy ............................. 1 8 13 time of peace in any house without the. [Amend-
To make rules for the government of the Army and ments] ....................................................................... 3 — —
Navy ................................................................... 1 8 14 Consent of the Senate. The President shall have power
To call out the militia to execute the laws, sup- to make treaties, by and with the advice and ............. 2 2 2
press insurrections, and repel invasions .............. 1 8 15 The President shall appoint ambassadors, other
To provide for organizing, arming, and equipping public ministers and consuls, judges of the Su-
the militia .......................................................... 1 8 16 preme Court, and all other officers created by law
To exercise exclusive legislation over the District and not otherwise herein provided for, by and
fixed for the seat of government, and over forts, with the advice and ............................................. 2 2 2
magazines, arsenals, and dockyards .................... 1 8 17 Constitution, in the Government of the United States,
To make all laws necessary and proper to carry or in any department or officer thereof. Congress
into execution all powers vested by the Constitu- shall have power to pass all laws necessary to the
tion in the Government of the United States ....... 1 8 18 execution of the powers vested by the ........................ 1 8 18
No person holding any office under the United Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President.
States shall accept of any present, emolument, No person except a natural-born citizen, or a citizen
office, or title of any kind from any foreign state, at the time of the adoption of the .............................. 2 1 5
without the consent of ........................................ 1 9 8 Constitution. The President, before he enters upon the
May determine the time of choosing the electors execution of his office, shall take an oath to preserve,
for President and Vice President and the day on protect, and defend the .............................................. 2 1 8
which they shall give their votes ......................... 2 1 4 Constitution, laws, and treaties of the United States.
The President may, on extraordinary occasions, The judicial power shall extend to all cases arising
convene either House of ....................................... 2 3 — under the ................................................................... 3 2 1
The manner in which the acts, records, and judicial Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any
proceedings of the States shall be prescribed by .. 4 1 — claims of the United States, or of any State (in re-
New States may be admitted by Congress into this spect to territory or other property of the United
Union .................................................................. 4 3 1 States). Nothing in the .............................................. 4 3 2
ANALYTICAL INDEX TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES Page IV

Art. Sec. Cl. Art. Sec. Cl.

Constitution. The manner in which amendments may He shall be confronted with the witnesses against
be proposed and ratified ............................................ 5 — — him. [Amendments] ............................................ 6 — —
Constitution as under the Confederation shall be valid. He shall have compulsory process for obtaining
All debts and engagements contracted before the witnesses in his favor. [Amendments] ................. 6 — —
adoption of the .......................................................... 6 — 1 He shall have the assistance of counsel in his de-
Constitution and the laws made in pursuance thereof, fense. [Amendments] ........................................... 6 — —
and all treaties made, or which shall be made, by the Criminate himself. No person as a witness shall be com-
United States, shall be the supreme law of the land. pelled to. [Amendments] ........................................... 5 — —
The ........................................................................... 6 — 2 Cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Excessive bail
The judges in every State, anything in the con- shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed,
stitution or laws of a State to the contrary not- nor. [Amendments] ................................................... 8 — —
withstanding, shall be bound thereby .................. 6 — 2
Constitution. All officers, legislative, executive, and ju- D
dicial, of the United States, and of the several States,
shall be bound by an oath to support the .................... 6 — 3 Danger as will not admit of delay. No State shall, with-
But no religious test shall ever be required as a out the consent of Congress, engage in war, unless
qualification for any office or public trust ........... 6 — 3 actually invaded, or in such imminent ...................... 1 10 3
Constitution between the States so ratifying the same. Day on which they shall vote for President and Vice
The ratification of the conventions of nine States President, which shall be the same throughout the
shall be sufficient for the establishment of the .......... 7 — — United States. Congress may determine the time of
Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed choosing the electors, and the ................................... 2 1 4
to deny or disparage others retained by the people. Day to day, and may be authorized to compel the at-
The enumeration in the. [Amendments] .................... 9 — — tendance of absent members. A smaller number than
Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are re- a quorum of each House may adjourn from ................ 1 5 1
served to the States respectively or to the people. Death, resignation, or inability of the President. In case
Powers not delegated to the United States by the. of, powers and duties of his office shall devolve on
[Amendments] .......................................................... 10 — — the Vice President ..................................................... 2 1 6
Constitution, and then engaged in rebellion against the [Amendments] ....................................................... 25 — —
United States. Disqualification for office imposed Congress may provide by law for the case of the
upon certain class of persons who took an oath to removal .............................................................. 2 1 6
support the. [Amendments] ....................................... 14 3 — [Amendments] .................................................... 25 — —
Constitution. Done in convention by the unanimous Debt of the United States, including debts for pensions
consent of the States present, September 17, 1787 ...... 7 — 2 and bounties incurred in suppressing insurrection or
Contracts. No State shall pass any ex post facto law, rebellion, shall not be questioned. The validity of the
or law impairing the obligation of ............................. 1 10 1 public. [Amendments] ............................................... 14 4 —
Controversies to which the United States shall be a Debts. No State shall make anything but gold and sil-
party: between two or more States; between a State ver coin a tender in payment of ................................. 1 10 1
and citizens of another State; between citizens of dif- Debts and provide for the common defense and general
ferent States; between citizens of the same State welfare of the United States. Congress shall have
claiming lands under grants of different States; be- power to pay the ........................................................ 1 8 1
tween a State or its citizens and foreign states, citi- Debts and engagements contracted before the adoption
zens, or subjects. The judicial power shall extend to .. 3 2 1 of this Constitution shall be as valid against the
Convene Congress or either House, on extraordinary oc- United States, under it, as under the Confederation .. 6 — 1
casions. The President may ....................................... 2 3 — Debts or obligations incurred in aid of insurrection or
Convention for proposing amendments to the Constitu- rebellion against the United States, or claims for the
tion. Congress, on the application of two-thirds of loss or emancipation of any slave. Neither the United
the legislatures of the States, may call a ................... 5 — — States nor any State shall assume or pay any.
Convention, by the unanimous consent of the States [Amendments] .......................................................... 14 4 —
present on the 17th of September, 1787. Adoption of Declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and
the Constitution in ................................................... 7 — 2 make rules concerning captures on land and water.
Conventions of nine States shall be sufficient for the
establishment of the Constitution. The ratification Congress shall have power to ..................................... 1 8 11
of the ......................................................................... 7 — — Defense, promote the general welfare, &c. To insure the
Conviction in cases of impeachment shall not be had common. [Preamble] ................................................. — — —
without the concurrence of two-thirds of the mem- Defense and general welfare throughout the United
bers present .............................................................. 1 3 6 States. Congress shall have power to pay the debts
Copyrights to authors for limited times. Congress shall and provide for the common ...................................... 1 8 1
have power to provide for .......................................... 1 8 8 Defense. In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall
Corruption of blood. Attainder of treason shall not have the assistance of counsel for his. [Amendments] 6 — —
work ......................................................................... 3 3 2 Delaware entitled to one Representative in the first
Counsel for his defense. In all criminal prosecutions the Congress. .................................................................. 1 2 3
accused shall have the assistance of. [Amendments] . 6 — — Delay. No State shall, without the consent of Congress,
Counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the engage in war unless actually invaded, or in such im-
United States. Congress shall provide for the punish- minent danger as will not admit of ............................ 1 10 3
ment of ..................................................................... 1 8 6 Delegated to the United States, nor prohibited to the
Courts. Congress shall have power to constitute tribu- States, are reserved to the States or to the people.
nals inferior to the Supreme Court ............................ 1 8 9 The powers not. [Amendments] ................................. 10 — —
Courts of law. Congress may by law vest the appoint- Deny or disparage others retained by the people. The
ment of such inferior officers as they think proper enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights
in the President alone, in the heads of departments, shall not be construed to. [Amendments] .................. 9 — —
or in the .................................................................... 2 2 2 Departments upon any subject relating to their duties.
Courts as Congress may establish. The judicial power The President may require the written opinion of the
of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme principal officers in each of the executive .................. 2 2 1
Court and such inferior ............................................. 3 1 — Departments. Congress may by law vest the appoint-
Courts. The judges of the Supreme and inferior courts ment of inferior officers in the heads of ..................... 2 2 2
shall hold their offices during good behavior ............. 3 1 — Direct tax shall be laid unless in proportion to the cen-
Their compensation shall not be diminished during sus or enumeration. No capitation or other ............... 1 9 4
their continuance in office .................................. 3 1 — Direct taxes and Representatives, how apportioned
Credit. No State shall emit bills of ................................ 1 10 1 among the several States .......................................... 1 2 3
Credit of the United States. Congress shall have power Disability of the President and Vice President. Provi-
to borrow money on the ............................................. 1 8 2 sions in case of the ..................................................... 2 1 6
Credit shall be given in every other State to the public [Amendments] ....................................................... 25 — —
acts, records, and judicial proceedings of each State. Disability. No person shall be a Senator or Representa-
Full faith and ............................................................ 4 1 — tive in Congress, or presidential elector, or hold any
Crime, unless on a presentment of a grand jury. No per- office, civil or military, under the United States, or
son shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise any State, who having previously taken an oath as
infamous. [Amendments] .......................................... 5 — — a legislative, executive, or judicial officer of the
Except in cases in the military and naval forces, United States, or of any State, to support the Con-
or in the militia when in actual service. [Amend- stitution, afterward engaged in insurrection or re-
ments] ................................................................. 5 — — bellion against the United States. [Amendments] ..... 14 3 —
Crimes and misdemeanors. The President, Vice Presi- But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each
dent, and all civil officers shall be removed on im- House, remove such. [Amendments] .................... 14 3 —
peachment for and conviction of treason, bribery, or Disagreement between the two Houses as to the time
other ......................................................................... 2 4 — of adjournment, the President may adjourn them to
Crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be tried such time as he may think proper. In case of .............. 2 3 —
by jury. All ................................................................ 3 2 3 Disorderly behavior. Each House may punish its mem-
They shall be tried in the State within which they bers for ...................................................................... 1 5 2
may be committed .............................................. 3 2 3 And with the concurrence of two-thirds expel a
When not committed in a State, they shall be tried member. .............................................................. 1 5 2
at the places which Congress may by law have Disparage others retained by the people. The enumera-
provided .............................................................. 3 2 3 tion in the Constitution of certain rights shall not
Criminal prosecutions, the accused shall have a speedy be construed to deny or. [Amendments] ..................... 9 — —
and public trial by jury in the State and district Disqualification. No Senator or Representative shall,
where the crime was committed. In all. [Amend- during the time for which he was elected, be ap-
ments] ....................................................................... 6 — — pointed to any office under the United States which
He shall be informed of the nature and cause of the shall have been created or its emoluments increased
accusation. [Amendments] ................................. 6 — — during such term ....................................................... 1 6 2
Page V ANALYTICAL INDEX TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES

Art. Sec. Cl. Art. Sec. Cl.

Disqualification—Continued No person having taken an oath as a legislative,
No person holding any office under the United executive or judicial officer of the United States,
States shall be a member of either House during or of any State, and afterwards engaged in insur-
his continuance in office ..................................... 1 6 2 rection or rebellion against the United States,
No person shall be a member of either House, presi- shall be an elector ............................................... 14 3 —
dential elector, or hold any office under the But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each
United States, or any State, who, having pre- House, remove such disability. [Amendments] .... 14 3 —
viously sworn to support the Constitution, after- Emancipation of any slave shall be held to be illegal
ward engaged in insurrection or rebellion. and void. Claims for the loss or. [Amendments] ......... 14 4 —
[Amendments] .................................................... 14 3 — Emit bills of credit. No State shall .................................. 1 10 1
But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each Emolument of any kind from any king, prince, or for-
House, remove such disability. [Amendments] .... 14 3 — eign state, without the consent of Congress. No per-
District of Columbia. Congress shall exercise exclusive son holding any office under the United States shall
legislation in all cases over the ................................. 1 8 17 accept any ................................................................. 1 9 8
Electors for President and Vice President, appoint- Enemies. Treason shall consist in levying war against
ment in such manner as the Congress may direct. the United States, in adhering to, or giving aid and
[Amendments] .................................................... 23 1 — comfort to their ........................................................ 3 3 1
Dockyards. Congress shall have exclusive authority Engagements contracted before the adoption of this
over all places purchased for the erection of .............. 1 8 17 Constitution shall be valid. All debts and .................. 6 — 1
Domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, Enumeration of the inhabitants shall be made within
&c. To insure. [Preamble] .......................................... — — — three years after the first meeting of Congress, and
Domestic violence. The United States shall protect each within every subsequent term of ten years thereafter 1 2 3
State against invasion and ........................................ 4 4 — Ratio of representation not to exceed one for every
Due process of law. No person shall be compelled, in any 30,000 until the first enumeration shall be made .. 1 2 3
criminal case, to be a witness against himself, nor Income tax authorized without regard to. [Amend-
be deprived of life, liberty, or property without. ments] ................................................................. 16 — —
[Amendments] .......................................................... 5 — — Enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall
No State shall deprive any person of life, liberty,
or property without. [Amendments] .................... 14 1 — not be construed to deny or disparage others retained
Duties and powers of the office of President, in case of by the people. The. [Amendments] ............................ 9 — —
his death, removal, or inability to act, shall devolve Equal protection of the laws. No State shall deny to any
on the Vice President ................................................ 2 1 6 person within its jurisdiction the. [Amendments] ..... 14 1 —
[Amendments] ....................................................... 25 — — Equal suffrage in the Senate. No State shall be deprived
In case of the disability of the President and Vice without its consent, of its .......................................... 5 — —
President, Congress shall declare what officer Establishment of this Constitution between the States
shall act .............................................................. 2 1 6 ratifying the same. The ratification of nine States
[Amendments] .................................................... 25 — — shall be sufficient for the ........................................... 7 — —
Duties, imposts, and excises. Congress shall have power Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines
to lay and collect taxes .............................................. 1 8 1 imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments in-
Shall be uniform throughout the United States ...... 1 8 1 flicted. [Amendments] .............................................. 8 — —
Duties shall be laid on articles exported from any Excises. Congress shall have power to lay and collect
State. No tax or ......................................................... 1 9 5 taxes, duties, imposts, and ........................................ 1 8 1
Duties in another State. Vessels clearing in the ports Shall be uniform throughout the United States. All
of one State shall not be obliged to pay ...................... 1 9 6 duties, imposts, and ............................................ 1 8 1
On imports and exports, without the consent of Exclusive legislation, in all cases, over such district as
Congress, except where necessary for executing may become the seat of government. Congress shall
its inspection laws. No State shall lay any .......... 1 10 2 exercise ..................................................................... 1 8 17
The net produce of all such duties shall be for the Over all places purchased for the erection of forts,
use of the Treasury of the United States .............. 1 10 2 magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other need-
All laws laying such duties shall be subject to the ful buildings. Congress shall exercise .................. 1 8 17
revision and control of Congress .......................... 1 10 2 Executive of a State. The United States shall protect
Duty of tonnage without the consent of Congress. No
State shall lay any .................................................... 1 10 3 each State against invasion and domestic violence,
on the application of the legislature or the ................ 4 4 —
Executive and judicial officers of the United States and
E of the several States shall be bound by an oath to
Eighteenth Amendment. Repeal. [Amendments] ............. 21 1 — support the Constitution ........................................... 6 — 3
Election of President and Vice President. Congress may Executive departments. On subjects relating to their du-
determine the day for the .......................................... 2 1 4 ties the President may require the written opinions
Shall be the same throughout the United States. of the principal officers in each of the ........................ 2 2 1
The day of the ..................................................... 2 1 4 Congress may by law vest the appointment of infe-
Elections. The right of citizens of the United States to rior officers in the heads of .................................. 2 2 2
vote in shall not be denied or abridged by the United Executive power shall be vested in a President of the
States or any State by reason of failure to pay any United States of America. The .................................. 2 1 1
poll tax or other tax. [Amendments] .......................... 24 1 — Expel a member. Each House, with the concurrence of
Elections for Senators and Representatives. The legis- two-thirds, may ........................................................ 1 5 2
latures of the States shall prescribe the times, Expenditures of public money shall be published from
places, and manner of holding ................................... 1 4 1 time to time. A regular statement of the receipts
But Congress may, at any time, alter such regula- and ............................................................................ 1 9 7
tions, except as to the places of choosing Sen- Exportations from any State. No tax or duty shall be
ators ................................................................... 1 4 1 laid on ....................................................................... 1 9 5
Returns and qualifications of its own members. Exports or imports, except upon certain conditions. No
Each House shall be the judge of the .................... 1 5 1 State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any
Senators elected by the people. [Amendments] ...... 17 1 — duties on ................................................................... 1 10 2
Electors for members of the House of Representatives. Laid by any State, shall be for the use of the Treas-
Qualifications of ....................................................... 1 2 1 ury. The net produce of all duties on .................... 1 10 2
Electors for Senators. Qualifications of. [Amendments] 17 1 — Shall be subject to the revision and control of Con-
Electors for President and Vice President. Each State gress. All laws of the States laying duties on ....... 1 10 2
shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature Ex post facto law shall be passed. No bill of attainder
thereof may direct, a number of electors equal to the or .............................................................................. 1 9 3
whole number of Senators and Representatives to Ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of
which the State may be entitled in the Congress ....... 2 1 2 contracts. No State shall pass any bill of attainder ... 1 10 1
But no Senator or Representative, or person hold- Extraordinary occasions. The President may convene
ing an office of trust or profit under the United both Houses, or either House of Congress, on ............. 2 3 —
States, shall be appointed an elector ................... 2 1 2
Congress may determine the time of choosing the
electors and the day on which they shall give F
their votes .......................................................... 2 1 4
Which day shall be the same throughout the United Faith and credit in each State shall be given to the
States ................................................................. 2 1 4 acts, records, and judicial proceedings of another
The electors shall meet in their respective States State. Full ................................................................ 4 1 —
and vote by ballot for President and Vice Presi- Felony, and breach of the peace. Members of Congress
dent, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhab- shall not be privileged from arrest for treason ........... 1 6 1
itant of the same State with themselves. Felonies committed on the high seas. Congress shall
[Amendments] .................................................... 12 — — have power to define and punish piracies and ............. 1 8 10
The District of Columbia to appoint, in such man- Fines. Excessive fines shall not be imposed. [Amend-
ner as the Congress may direct, a number of elec- ments] ....................................................................... 8 — —
tors equal to the whole number of Senators and Foreign coin. Congress shall have power to coin money,
Representatives to which the District would be fix the standard of weights and measures, and to reg-
entitled if a State. [Amendments] ....................... 23 1 — ulate the value of ...................................................... 1 8 5
Electors shall name, in their ballots, the person voted Foreign nations, among the States, and with the Indian
for as President; and in distinct ballots the person tribes. Congress shall have power to regulate com-
voted for as Vice President. [Amendments] ............... 12 — — merce with ................................................................ 1 8 3
They shall make distinct lists of the persons voted Foreign power. No State shall, without the consent of
for as President and of persons voted for as Vice Congress, enter into any compact or agreement with
President, which they shall sign and certify, and any ............................................................................ 1 10 3
transmit sealed to the seat of government, di- Forfeiture, except during the life of the person
rected to the President of the Senate. [Amend- attainted. Attainder of treason shall not work .......... 3 3 2
ments] ................................................................. 12 — — Formation of new States. Provisions relating to the ...... 4 3 1
ANALYTICAL INDEX TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES Page VI

Art. Sec. Cl. Art. Sec. Cl.

Form of government. The United States shall guarantee They shall vote by States, each State counting one
to every State in this Union a republican .................. 4 4 — vote. [Amendments] ............................................ 12 — —
And shall protect each of them against invasion; A quorum shall consist of a member or members
and on application of the legislature or of the ex- from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of
ecutive (when the legislature cannot be con- all the States shall be necessary to the choice
vened), against domestic violence ....................... 4 4 — of a President. [Amendments] ............................. 12 — —
Forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other need- No person having as a legislative, executive, or ju-
ful buildings. Congress shall exercise exclusive au- dicial officer of the United States, or of any
thority over all places purchased for the erection of .. 1 8 17 State, taken an oath to support the Constitution,
Freedom of speech or the press. Congress shall make no and afterwards engaged in insurrection or rebel-
law abridging the. [Amendments] ............................. 1 — — lion against the United States, shall be a member
Free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms of the. [Amendments] .......................................... 14 3 —
shall not be infringed. A well-regulated militia being But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each
necessary to the security of a. [Amendments] ........... 2 — — house, remove such disability. [Amendments] .... 14 3 —
Fugitives from crime found in another State shall, on
demand, be delivered up to the authorities of the I
State from which they may flee ................................. 4 2 2
Fugitives from service or labor in one State, escaping Imminent danger as will not admit of delay. No State
into another State, shall be delivered up to the party shall, without the consent of Congress, engage in
to whom such service or labor may be due .................. 4 2 3 war, unless actually invaded or in such ..................... 1 10 3
Immunities. Members of Congress shall, in all cases ex-
G cept treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be priv-
ileged from arrest during their attendance at the ses-
General welfare and secure the blessings of liberty, &c. sion of their respective houses, and in going and re-
To promote the. [Preamble.] ..................................... — — — turning from the same ............................................... 1 6 1
General welfare. Congress shall have power to provide No soldier shall be quartered in any house without
for the common defense and ...................................... 1 8 1 the consent of the owner in time of peace.
Georgia shall be entitled to three Representatives in [Amendments] .................................................... 3 — —
the first Congress ...................................................... 1 2 3 No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of life and
Gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts. No limb for the same offense. [Amendments] ............ 5 — —
State shall make anything but .................................. 1 10 1 All persons born or naturalized in the United
Good behavior. The judges of the Supreme and inferior States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof,
courts shall hold their offices during ......................... 3 1 — are citizens of the United States and of the State
Government. The United States shall guarantee to in which they reside. [Amendments] ................... 14 1 —
every State in this Union a republican form of ........... 4 4 — No State shall make or enforce any law which shall
And shall protect each of them against invasion, abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens
and on application of the legislature or of the ex- of the United States. [Amendments] ................... 14 1 —
ecutive (when the legislature cannot be con- Nor shall any State deprive any person of life, lib-
vened), against domestic violence ....................... 4 4 — erty, or property without due process of law.
Grand jury. No person shall be held to answer for a cap-
ital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on the pre- [Amendments] .................................................... 14 1 —
Nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the
sentment of a. [Amendments] ................................... 5 — — equal protection of the law. [Amendments] ......... 14 1 —
Except in cases arising in the land and naval forces, Impeachment. The President may grant reprieves and
and in the militia when in actual service. pardons except in cases of .......................................... 2 2 1
[Amendments] .................................................... 5 — — The House of Representatives shall have the sole
Guarantee to every State in this Union a republican
form of government. The United States shall ............ 4 4 — power of .............................................................. 1 2 5
And shall protect each of them against invasion; Impeachment for and conviction of treason, bribery, and
and on application of the legislature or of the ex- other high crimes and misdemeanors. The President,
ecutive (when the legislature cannot be con- Vice President, and all civil officers shall be removed
vened), against domestic violence ....................... 4 4 — upon .......................................................................... 2 4 —
Impeachments. The Senate shall have the sole power to
try all ........................................................................ 1 3 6
H The Senate shall be on oath, or affirmation, when
sitting for the trial of .......................................... 1 3 6
Habeas corpus shall not be suspended unless in cases When the President of the United States is tried
of rebellion or invasion. The writ of ........................... 1 9 2 the Chief Justice shall preside ............................. 1 3 6
Heads of departments. Congress may, by law, vest the No person shall be convicted without the concur-
appointment of inferior officers in the ....................... 2 2 2 rence of two-thirds of the members present ......... 1 3 6
On any subject relating to their duties, the Presi- Judgment shall not extend beyond removal from
dent may require the written opinion of the prin- office and disqualification to hold office .............. 1 3 7
cipal officers in each of the executive depart- But the party convicted shall be liable to indict-
ments .................................................................. 2 2 1 ment and punishment according to law ............... 1 3 7
High crimes and misdemeanors. The President, Vice Importation of slaves prior to 1808 shall not be prohib-
President, and all civil officers shall be removed on ited by the Congress .................................................. 1 9 1
impeachment for and conviction of treason, bribery, But a tax or duty of ten dollars for each person
or other ..................................................................... 2 4 — may be imposed on such ...................................... 1 9 1
House of Representatives. Congress shall consist of a Imports or exports except what may be absolutely nec-
Senate and ................................................................ 1 1 — essary for executing its inspection laws. No State
Shall be composed of members chosen every second
year .................................................................... 1 2 1 shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any im-
Qualifications of electors for members of the ......... 1 2 1 posts or duties on ...................................................... 1 10 2
No person shall be a member who shall not have Imports or exports laid by any State shall be for the use
attained the age of twenty-five years, and been of the Treasury. The net produce of all duties on ....... 1 10 2
seven years a citizen of the United States ............ 1 2 2 Imports or exports shall be subject to the revision and
The executives of the several States shall issue control of Congress. All laws of States laying duties
writs of election to fill vacancies in the ............... 1 2 4 on .............................................................................. 1 10 2
Shall choose their Speaker and other officers ......... 1 2 5 Imposts and excises. Congress shall have power to lay
Shall have the sole power of impeachment ............. 1 2 5 and collect taxes, duties ............................................ 1 8 1
Shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and Shall be uniform throughout the United States. All
qualifications of its own members ....................... 1 5 1 taxes, duties ........................................................ 1 8 1
A majority shall constitute a quorum to do busi- Inability of the President. The powers and duties of his
ness ..................................................................... 1 5 1 office shall devolve on the Vice President. In case
Less than a majority may adjourn from day to day, of the death, resignation, or ...................................... 2 1 6
and compel the attendance of absent members .... 1 5 1 [Amendments] ....................................................... 25 — —
May determine its own rules of proceedings ........... 1 5 2 The Vice President shall succeed to the office of
May punish its members for disorderly behavior, the President. In case of the death, resignation,
and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a or removal, or [Amendments] .............................. 25 — —
member ............................................................... 1 5 2 Inability of the President or Vice President. Congress
Shall keep a journal of its proceedings ................... 1 5 3 may provide by law for the case of the removal,
Shall not adjourn for more than three days during death, resignation, or ................................................ 2 1 6
the session of Congress without the consent of [Amendments] ....................................................... 25 — —
the Senate ........................................................... 1 5 4 Income taxes. Congress shall have power to lay and col-
Members shall not be questioned for any speech or lect without apportionment among the several
debate in either House or in any other place ........ 1 6 1 States, and without regard to any census or enu-
No person holding any office under the United meration. [Amendments] .......................................... 16 — —
States shall, while holding such office, be a mem- Indian tribes. Congress shall have power to regulate
ber of the ............................................................. 1 6 2 commerce with the .................................................... 1 8 3
No person, while a member of either House, shall Indictment or presentment of a grand jury. No person
be appointed to an office which shall have been shall be held to answer for a capital or infamous
created or the emoluments increased during his crime unless on [Amendments] ................................. 5 — —
membership ........................................................ 1 6 2 Except in cases arising in the land and naval forces,
All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the ... 1 7 1 and in the militia when in actual service.
The votes for President and Vice President shall [Amendments] .................................................... 5 — —
be counted in the presence of the Senate and. Indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment, accord-
[Amendments] .................................................... 12 — — ing to law. The party convicted in case of impeach-
If no person have a majority of electoral votes, ment shall nevertheless be liable and subject to ........ 1 3 7
then from the three highest on the list the House Infamous crime unless on presentment or indictment of
of Representatives shall immediately, by ballot, a grand jury. No person shall be held to answer for
choose a President. [Amendments] ...................... 12 — — a capital or. [Amendments] ....................................... 5 — —
Page VII ANALYTICAL INDEX TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES

Art. Sec. Cl. Art. Sec. Cl.

Inferior courts. Congress shall have power to constitute In all other cases before mentioned, it shall have
tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court .................... 1 8 9 appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact,
Inferior courts as Congress may establish. The judicial with such exceptions and under such regulations
power of the United States shall be vested in one Su- as Congress shall make ........................................ 3 2 2
preme Court and such ................................................ 3 1 — The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeach-
The judges of both the Supreme and inferior courts ment, shall be by jury .......................................... 3 2 3
shall hold their offices during good behavior ....... 3 1 — The trial shall be held in the State where the
Their compensation shall not be diminished during crimes shall have been committed ....................... 3 2 3
their continuance in office .................................. 3 1 — But when not committed in a State, the trial shall
Inferior officers, Congress, if they think proper, may by be at such place or places as Congress may by
law vest the appointment of in the President alone, law have directed ................................................ 3 2 3
in the courts of law, or in the heads of Departments ... 2 2 2 The judicial power of the United States shall not
Inhabitant of the State for which he shall be chosen. No be held to extend to any suit in law or equity
person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained commenced or prosecuted against one of the
the age of thirty years, been nine years a citizen of United States by citizens of another State, or by
the United States, and who shall not, when elected, citizens or subjects of any Foreign State.
be an ......................................................................... 1 3 3 [Amendments] .................................................... 11 — —
Insurrection or rebellion against the United States. No Judicial proceedings of every other State. Full faith and
person shall be a Senator or Representative in Con- credit shall be given in each State to the acts,
gress, or presidential elector, or hold any office, civil records, and .............................................................. 4 1 —
or military, under the United States, or any State, Congress shall prescribe the manner of proving
who, having taken an oath as a legislative, execu- such acts, records, and proceedings ..................... 4 1 —
tive, or judicial officer of the United States, or of Judicial and executive officers of the United States and
a State, afterwards engaged in. [Amendments] ......... 14 3 — of the several States shall be bound by an oath to
But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each support the Constitution ........................................... 6 — 3
House, remove such disabilities. [Amendments] .. 14 3 — Judiciary. The Supreme Court shall have original juris-
Debts declared illegal and void which were con- diction in all cases affecting ambassadors, other pub-
tracted in aid of. [Amendments] .......................... 14 4 — lic ministers and consuls, and those in which a State
Insurrections and repel invasions. Congress shall pro- may be a party .......................................................... 3 2 2
vide for calling forth the militia to suppress .............. 1 8 15 The Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdic-
Intoxicating liquors. Prohibition of manufacture, sale, tion both as to law and fact, with such exceptions
transportation, importation, or exportation of. and regulations as Congress may make ............... 3 2 2
[Amendments] .......................................................... 18 1 — Junction of two or more States or parts of States with-
Repeal of Eighteenth Amendment. [Amendments] . 21 1 — out the consent of the legislatures and of Congress.
Transportation or importation into any State, No State shall be formed by the ................................. 4 3 1
Territory or possession, for delivery or use there- Jurisdiction of another State. No new State shall, with-
in, in violation of their laws, prohibited. [Amend- out the consent of Congress, be formed or erected
ments] ................................................................. 21 2 — within the ................................................................. 4 3 1
Invasion. No State shall, without the consent of Con- Jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such excep-
gress, engage in war unless actually invaded, or in tions and under such regulations as Congress may
such imminent danger as will not admit of delay ....... 1 10 3 make. The Supreme Court shall have appellate ......... 3 2 2
The writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended Jurisdiction. In all cases affecting ambassadors and
unless in case of rebellion or ................................ 1 9 1 other public ministers and consuls, and in cases
Invasion and domestic violence. The United States where a State is a party, the Supreme Court shall
shall protect each State against ................................ 4 4 — have original ............................................................. 3 2 2
Invasions. Congress shall provide for calling forth the Jury. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of im-
militia to suppress insurrections and repel ................ 1 8 15 peachment, shall be by .............................................. 3 2 3
Inventors and authors in their inventions and writings. In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall have
Congress may pass laws to secure for limited times a speedy and public trial by. [Amendments] ........ 6 — —
exclusive rights to ..................................................... 1 8 8 All suits at common law, where the value exceeds
Involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for twenty dollars, shall be tried by. [Amendments] . 7 — —
Where a fact has been tried by a jury it shall not
crime, abolished in the United States. Slavery and. be reexamined except by the rules of the common
[Amendments] .......................................................... 13 1 — law. [Amendments] ............................................. 7 — —
Just compensation. Private property shall not be taken
J for public use without. [Amendments] ....................... 5 — —
Justice, insure domestic tranquility, &c. To establish.
Jeopardy of life and limb for the same offense. No per- [Preamble] ................................................................ — — —
son shall be twice put in. [Amendments] .................... 5 — —
Journal of its proceedings. Each House shall keep a ...... 1 5 3 L
Judges in every State shall be bound by the Constitu-
tion, the laws and treaties of the United States, Labor, in one State escaping into another State shall
which shall be the supreme law of the land ................ 6 — 2 be delivered up to the party to whom such service
Judges of the Supreme and inferior courts shall hold or labor may be due. Fugitives from service or .......... 4 2 3
their offices during good behavior ............................. 3 1 — Land and naval forces. Congress shall make rules for
Their compensation shall not be diminished during the government and regulation of the ....................... 1 8 14
their continuance in office .................................. 3 1 — Law and fact, with exceptions and under regulations
Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend fur- to be made by Congress. The Supreme Court shall
ther than to removal from office, and disqualifica- have appellate jurisdiction as to ............................... 3 2 2
tion to hold any office of honor, trust, or profit under Law of the land. The Constitution, the laws made in
the United States ...................................................... 1 3 7 pursuance thereof, and treaties of the United States,
But the party convicted shall nevertheless be lia- shall be the supreme .................................................. 6 — 2
ble and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, The judges in every State shall be bound thereby ... 6 — 2
and punishment according to law ........................ 1 3 7 Law of nations. Congress shall provide for punishing
Judicial power of the United States. Congress shall have offenses against the ................................................... 1 8 10
power to constitute tribunals inferior to the Su- Laws. Congress shall provide for calling forth the mili-
preme Court .............................................................. 1 8 9 tia to suppress insurrection, repel invasion, and to
The judicial power of the United States shall be execute the ............................................................... 1 8 15
vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior Laws and treaties of the United States. The judicial
courts as Congress may from time to time ordain power shall extend to all cases in law and equity aris-
and establish ....................................................... 3 1 — ing under the Constitution, or the ............................. 3 2 1
The judges of the Supreme and inferior courts shall Laws necessary to carry into execution the powers
hold their offices during good behavior ................ 3 1 — vested in the government, or in any department or
Their compensation shall not be diminished during officer of the United States. Congress shall make all . 1 8 18
their continuance in office .................................. 3 1 — Legal tender in payment of debts. No State shall make
It shall extend to all cases in law and equity arising anything but gold and silver coin a ............................ 1 10 1
under the Constitution, laws, and treaties of the Legislation in all cases over such district as may be-
United States ...................................................... 3 2 1 come the seat of government. Congress shall exercise
To all cases affecting ambassadors, other public exclusive ................................................................... 1 8 17
ministers, and consuls ......................................... 3 2 1 Over all places purchased for the erection of forts,
To all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdic- magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other need-
tion ..................................................................... 3 2 1 ful buildings. Congress shall exercise exclusive ... 1 8 17
To controversies to which the United States shall Legislation. Congress shall have power to make all laws
be a party ............................................................ 3 2 1 necessary and proper for carrying into execution all
To controversies between two or more States ......... 3 2 1 the powers vested by the Constitution in the Govern-
To controversies between a State and citizens of ment of the United States or in any department or
another State ...................................................... 3 2 1 officer thereof ........................................................... 1 8 18
[Amendments] .................................................... 11 — — Congress shall have power to enforce the thir-
To controversies between citizens of different teenth amendment, prohibiting slavery, by ap-
States ................................................................. 3 2 1 propriate. [Amendments] .................................... 13 2 —
To citizens of the same State claiming lands under Congress shall have power to enforce the four-
grants of different States .................................... 3 2 1 teenth amendment by appropriate. [Amend-
To controversies between a State or its citizens ments] ................................................................. 14 5 —
and foreign states, citizens, or subjects ............... 3 2 1 Congress shall have power to enforce the fifteenth
In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public amendment by appropriate. [Amendments] ........ 15 2 —
ministers and consuls, and those in which a State Congress and the several States shall have concur-
shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have rent power to enforce the eighteenth amendment
original jurisdiction ........................................... 3 2 2 by appropriate. [Amendments] ............................ 18 2 —
ANALYTICAL INDEX TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES Page VIII

Art. Sec. Cl. Art. Sec. Cl.

Legislation—Continued Shall be published from time to time. A regular
Congress shall have power to enforce the nine- statement and account of receipts and expendi-
teenth amendment by appropriate. [Amend- tures of public ..................................................... 1 9 7
ments] ................................................................. 19 — — For raising and supporting armies. No appropria-
Congress shall have power to enforce the twenty- tion of money shall be for a longer term than two
third amendment by appropriate. [Amendments] 23 2 — years ................................................................... 1 8 12
Congress shall have power to enforce the twenty-
fourth amendment by appropriate. [Amend- N
ments] ................................................................. 24 2 —
Congress shall have power to enforce the twenty- Nations. Congress shall have power to regulate com-
sixth amendment by appropriate. [Amendments] 26 2 — merce with foreign .................................................... 1 8 3
Legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in Congress shall provide for punishing offenses
Congress. All ............................................................. 1 1 — against the law of ................................................ 1 8 10
Legislature, or the Executive (when the legislature can- Natural-born citizen, or a citizen at the adoption of the
not be convened). The United States shall protect Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of Presi-
each State against invasion and domestic violence, dent. No person except a ............................................ 2 1 5
on the application of the ............................................ 4 4 — Naturalization. Congress shall have power to establish
Legislatures of two-thirds of the States, Congress shall a uniform rule of ....................................................... 1 8 4
call a convention for proposing amendments to the Naturalized in the United States, and subject to their
Constitution. On the application of the ..................... 5 — jurisdiction, shall be citizens of the United States
Letters of marque and reprisal. Congress shall have and of the States in which they reside. All persons
power to grant ........................................................... 1 8 11 born, or. [Amendments] ............................................ 14 1 —
No State shall grant ............................................... 1 10 1 Naval forces. Congress shall make rules and regulations
Liberty to ourselves and our posterity, &c. To secure for the government and regulation of the land and .... 1 8 14
the blessings of. [Preamble] ...................................... — — — Navy. Congress shall have power to provide and main-
Life, liberty, and property without due process of law. tain a ........................................................................ 1 8 13
No person shall be compelled in any criminal case New Hampshire entitled to three Representatives in the
to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of. first Congress ............................................................ 1 2 3
[Amendments] .......................................................... 5 — — New Jersey entitled to four Representatives in the first
No State shall abridge the privileges or immunities Congress ................................................................... 1 2 3
of citizens of the United States, nor deprive any New States may be admitted by Congress into this
person of. [Amendments] .................................... 14 1 — Union ........................................................................ 4 3 1
Life or limb for the same offense. No person shall be But no new State shall be formed within the juris-
twice put in jeopardy of. [Amendments] .................... 5 — — diction of another State without the consent of
Loss or emancipation of any slave shall be held illegal Congress ............................................................. 4 3 1
and void. Claims for the. [Amendments] .................... 14 4 — Nor shall any State be formed by the junction of
two or more States or parts of States, without
the consent of the legislatures and of Congress .... 4 3 1
M New York entitled to six Representatives in the first
Congress ................................................................... 1 2 3
Magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful Nobility shall be granted by the United States. No title
buildings. Congress shall have exclusive authority of .............................................................................. 1 9 8
over all places purchased for the erection of .............. 1 8 17 No State shall grant any title of ............................. 1 10 1
Majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to Nominations for office by the President. The President
do business. A ............................................................ 1 5 1 shall nominate, and, by and with the advice and con-
But a smaller number may adjourn from day to day sent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors and
and may be authorized to compel the attendance other public officers .................................................. 2 2 2
of absent members .............................................. 1 5 1 He may grant commissions to fill vacancies that
Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. happen in the recess of the Senate, which shall
When the choice of a President shall devolve on the expire at the end of their next session .................. 2 2 3
House of Representatives, a quorum shall consist of The President shall nominate a successor to the
a member or members from two-thirds of the States; Vice President whenever a vacancy in office oc-
but a. [Amendments] ................................................. 12 — — curs [Amendments] ............................................. 25 2 —
When the choice of a Vice President shall devolve North Carolina entitled to five Representatives in the
on the Senate, a quorum shall consist of two- first Congress ............................................................ 1 2 3
thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a Number of electors for President and Vice President in
majority of the whole number shall be necessary each State shall be equal to the number of Senators
to a choice. [Amendments] .................................. 12 — — and Representatives to which such State may be en-
Maritime jurisdiction. The judicial power shall extend titled in Congress. ..................................................... 2 1 2
to all cases of admiralty and ...................................... 3 2 1
Marque and reprisal. Congress shall have power to O
grant letters of .......................................................... 1 8 11
No State shall grant any letters of .......................... 1 10 1 Oath of office of the President of the United States.
Maryland entitled to six Representatives in the first Form of the ............................................................... 2 1 8
Congress ................................................................... 1 2 3 Oath or affirmation. No warrants shall be issued but
Massachusetts entitled to eight Representatives in the upon probable cause supported by. [Amendments] .... 4 — —
first Congress ............................................................ 1 2 3 Oath or affirmation to support the Constitution. Sen-
Measures. Congress shall fix the standard of weights ators and Representatives, members of State legisla-
and ............................................................................ 1 8 5 tures, executive and judicial officers of the United
Meeting of Congress. The Congress shall assemble at States and of the several States, shall be bound by .... 6 — 3
least once in every year, and such meeting shall be But no religious test shall ever be required as a
on the first Monday in December, unless they shall qualification for office ........................................ 6 — 3
by law appoint a different day ................................... 1 4 2 The Senators when sitting to try impeachment
Meeting of Electors. The electors shall meet in their re- shall be on ........................................................... 1 3 6
spective States and vote by ballot for President and Objections. If he shall not approve it, the President
Vice President, one of whom, at least, shall not be shall return the bill to the House in which it origi-
an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. nated with his ........................................................... 1 7 2
[Amendments] .......................................................... 12 — — Obligation of contracts. No State shall pass any ex post
District of Columbia, electors for President and facto law, or law impairing the .................................. 1 10 1
Vice President appointed by District. [Amend- Obligations incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion
ments] ................................................................. 23 1 — against the United States to be held illegal and void.
Members of Congress and of State legislatures shall be All debts or. [Amendments] ....................................... 14 4 —
bound by oath or affirmation to support the Con- Offense. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of life
stitution ................................................................... 6 — 3 or limb for the same. [Amendments] .......................... 5 — —
Militia to execute the laws, suppress insurrections, and Offenses against the law of nations. Congress shall pro-
repel invasions. Congress shall provide for calling vide for punishing ..................................................... 1 8 10
forth the .................................................................... 1 8 15 Against the United States, except in cases of im-
Congress shall provide for organizing, arming, and peachment. The President may grant reprieves
disciplining the ................................................... 1 8 16 or pardons for ...................................................... 2 2 1
Congress shall provide for governing such part of Office under the United States. No person shall be a
them as may be employed by the United States ... 1 8 16 member of either House while holding any civil ........ 1 6 2
Reserving to the States the appointment of the of- No Senator or Representative shall be appointed
ficers and the right to train the militia according to any office under the United States which shall
to the discipline prescribed by Congress .............. 1 8 16 have been created, or its emoluments increased,
A well-regulated militia being necessary to the se- during the term for which he is elected ................ 1 6 2
curity of a free State, the right of the people to Or title of any kind from any king, prince, or for-
keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. eign State, without the consent of Congress. No
[Amendments] .................................................... 2 — — person holding any office under the United
Misdemeanors. The President, Vice President, and all States shall accept of any present, emolument .... 1 9 8
civil officers shall be removed on impeachment for Office of President, in case of his removal, death, res-
and conviction of treason, bribery, or other high ignation, or inability, shall devolve on the Vice
crimes and ................................................................ 2 4 — President. The powers and duties of the ..................... 2 1 6
Money on the credit of the United States. Congress [Amendments] ....................................................... 25 — —
shall have power to borrow ........................................ 1 8 2 During the term of four years. The President and
Regulate the value thereof and of foreign coin. Vice President shall hold .................................... 2 1 1
Congress shall have power to coin ....................... 1 8 5 Of trust or profit under the United States shall be
Shall be drawn from the Treasury but in con- an elector for President and Vice President. No
sequence of appropriations made by law. No ........ 1 9 7 person holding an ................................................ 2 1 2
Page IX ANALYTICAL INDEX TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES

Art. Sec. Cl. Art. Sec. Cl.

Office of President—Continued Powers herein granted shall be vested in Congress. All
Civil or military under the United States, or any legislative ................................................................. 1 1 —
State, who had taken an oath as a legislative, Powers vested by the Constitution in the Government
executive, or judicial officer of the United or in any Department or officer of the United States.
States, or of any State, and afterward engaged Congress shall make all laws necessary to carry into
in insurrection or rebellion. No person shall be execution the ............................................................ 1 8 18
a Senator, Representative or Presidential elec- Powers and duties of the office shall devolve on the Vice
tor, or hold any. [Amendments] ........................... 14 3 — President, on the removal, death, resignation, or in-
Officers in the President alone, in the courts of law, ability of the President. The ..................................... 2 1 6
or in the heads of Departments. Congress may vest [Amendments] ....................................................... 25 — —
the appointment of inferior ....................................... 2 2 2 Powers not delegated to the United States nor prohib-
Of the United States shall be removed on impeach- ited to the States are reserved to the States and to
ment for and conviction of treason, bribery, or the people. [Amendments] ......................................... 10 — —
other high crimes and misdeameanors. The The enumeration of certain rights in this Constitu-
President, Vice President, and all civil ............... 2 4 — tion shall not be held to deny or disparage others
The House of Representatives shall choose their retained by the people. [Amendments] ................ 9 — —
Speaker and other ............................................... 1 2 5 Preference, by any regulation of commerce or revenue,
The Senate, in the absence of the Vice President, shall not be given to the ports of one State over those
shall choose a President pro tempore, and also of another ................................................................. 1 9 6
their other .......................................................... 1 3 5 Prejudice any claims of the United States or of any par-
Offices becoming vacant in the recess of the Senate ticular State in the territory or property of the
may be filled by the President, the commissions to United States. Nothing in this Constitution shall ..... 4 3 2
expire at the end of the next session .......................... 2 2 3 Present, emolument, office, or title of any kind what-
One-fifth of the members present, be entered on the ever from any king, prince, or foreign State. No per-
journal of each House. The yeas and nays shall, at son holding any office under the United States shall,
the desire of .............................................................. 1 5 3 without the consent of Congress, accept any ............. 1 9 8
Opinion of the principal officers in each of the Execu- Presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in
tive Departments on any subject relating to their du- cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the
ties. The President may require the written .............. 2 2 1 militia when in actual service. No person shall be
Order, resolution, or vote (except on a question of ad- held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous
journment) requiring the concurrence of the two crime unless on a. [Amendments] .............................. 5 — —
Houses, shall be presented to the President. Every .... 1 7 3 President of the United States. The Senate shall choose
Original jurisdiction, in all cases affecting ambassadors, a President pro tempore when the Vice President shall
other public ministers, and consuls, and in which a exercise the office of .................................................. 1 3 5
State may be a party. The Supreme Court shall have . 3 2 2 Additional provision for succession through act of
Overt act, or on confession in open court. Conviction Congress. [Amendments] .................................... 20 4 —
of treason shall be on the testimony of two witnesses Succession in case of death. [Amendments] ............ 20 3 —
to the ........................................................................ 3 3 1 Succession in case of failure to be chosen or quali-
fied. [Amendments] ............................................. 20 3 —
Term of office, beginning and ending. [Amend-
P ments] ................................................................. 20 1 —
The Chief Justice shall preside upon the trial of
Pardons, except in cases of impeachment. The Presi- the ...................................................................... 1 3 6
dent may grant reprieves and .................................... 2 2 1 Shall approve and sign all bills passed by Congress
Patent rights to inventors. Congress may pass laws for before they shall become laws ............................. 1 7 2
securing .................................................................... 1 8 8 Shall return to the House in which it originated,
Peace. Members of Congress shall not be privileged with his objections, any bill which he shall not
from arrest for treason, felony, and breach of the ...... 1 6 1 approve ............................................................... 1 7 2
No State shall, without the consent of Congress, If not returned within ten days (Sundays excepted),
keep troops or ships of war in time of ................... 1 10 3 it shall become a law, unless Congress shall ad-
No soldier shall be quartered in any house without journ before the expiration of that time .............. 1 7 2
the consent of the owner in time of. [Amend- Every order, resolution, or vote which requires the
ments] ................................................................. 3 — — concurrence of both Houses, except on a question
Pennsylvania entitled to eight Representatives in the of adjournment, shall be presented to the ............ 1 7 3
first Congress ............................................................ 1 2 3 If disapproved by him, shall be returned and pro-
Pensions and bounties shall not be questioned. The va- ceeded on as in the case of a bill ........................... 1 7 3
lidity of the public debt incurred in suppressing in- The executive power shall be vested in a ................. 2 1 1
surrection and rebellion against the United States, He shall hold his office during the term of four
including the debt for. [Amendments] ....................... 14 4 — years ................................................................... 2 1 1
People, peaceably to assemble and petition for redress In case of the removal of the President from office,
of grievances, shall not be abridged by Congress. The or of his death, resignation, or inability to dis-
right of the. [Amendments] ....................................... 1 — — charge the duties of his office, the Vice President
To keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. A shall perform the duties of .................................. 2 1 6
well-regulated militia being necessary to the se- [Amendments] .................................................... 25 — —
curity of a free State, the right of the. [Amend- Congress may declare, by law, in the case of the
ments] ................................................................. 2 — — removal, death, resignation, or inability of the
To be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and President, what officer shall act as ...................... 2 1 6
effects, against unreasonable searches and sei- [Amendments] .................................................... 25 — —
zures shall not be violated. The right of the. The President shall receive a compensation which
[Amendments] .................................................... 4 — — shall not be increased nor diminished during his
People. The enumeration of certain rights in the Con- term, nor shall he receive any other emolument
stitution shall not be held to deny or disparage oth- from the United States ........................................ 2 1 7
ers retained by the. [Amendments] ............................ 9 — — Before he enters upon the execution of his office
Powers not delegated to the United States, nor pro- he shall take an oath of office .............................. 2 1 8
hibited to the States, are reserved to the States Shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy
or to the. [Amendments] ..................................... 10 — — and of the militia of the States when called into
Perfect Union, &c. To establish a more. [Preamble] ....... — — — actual service ...................................................... 2 2 1
Persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreason- He may require the opinion, in writing, of the prin-
able searches and seizures. The people shall be secure cipal officer in each of the Executive Depart-
in their. [Amendments] ............................................. 4 — — ments .................................................................. 2 2 1
Persons, as any State may think proper to admit, shall He may grant reprieves or pardons for offenses, ex-
not be prohibited prior to 1808. The migration or im- cept in cases of impeachment .............................. 2 2 1
portation of such ....................................................... 1 9 1 He may make treaties by and with the advice and
But a tax or duty of ten dollars shall be imposed consent of the Senate, two-thirds of the Senators
on the importation of each of such ....................... 1 9 1 present concurring .............................................. 2 2 2
Petition for the redress of grievances. Congress shall He may appoint, by and with the advice and con-
make no law abridging the right of the people peace- sent of the Senate, ambassadors, other public
ably to assemble and to. [Amendments] .................... 1 — — ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme
Piracies and felonies committed on the high seas. Con- Court, and all other officers whose appointments
gress shall define and punish ..................................... 1 8 10 may be authorized by law and not herein pro-
Place than that in which the two Houses shall be sit- vided for .............................................................. 2 2 2
ting. Neither House during the session shall, without Congress may vest the appointment of inferior offi-
the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three cers in the ........................................................... 2 2 2
days, nor to any other ................................................ 1 5 4 He may fill up all vacancies that may happen in
Places of choosing Senators. Congress may by law make the recess of the Senate by commissions which
or alter regulations for the election of Senators and shall expire at the end of their next session ......... 2 2 3
Representatives, except as to the .............................. 1 4 1 He shall give information to Congress of the state
Poll tax. The right of citizens of the United States to of the Union, and recommend measures ............... 2 3 —
vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United On extraordinary occasions he may convene both
States or any State by reason of failure to pay. Houses or either .................................................. 2 3 —
[Amendments] .......................................................... 24 1 — In case of disagreement between the two Houses
Ports of one State over those of another. Preference as to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn
shall not be given by any regulation of commerce or them to such time as he may think proper ........... 2 3 —
revenue to the ........................................................... 1 9 6 He shall receive ambassadors and other public min-
Vessels clearing from the ports of one State shall isters ................................................................... 2 3 —
not pay duties in another .................................... 1 9 6 He shall take care that the laws be faithfully exe-
Post offices and post roads. Congress shall establish ....... 1 8 7 cuted ................................................................... 2 3 —
ANALYTICAL INDEX TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES Page X

Art. Sec. Cl. Art. Sec. Cl.

President of the United States—Continued Private property shall not be taken for public use with-
He shall commission all the officers of the United out just compensation. [Amendments] ...................... 5 — —
States ................................................................. 2 3 — Privilege. Senators and Representatives shall, in all
On impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, cases except treason, felony, and breach of the peace,
bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at
shall be removed from office. The ........................ 2 4 — the session of their respective Houses, and in going
No person except a natural-born citizen, or a citi- to and returning from the same ................................. 1 6 1
zen of the United States at the adoption of the They shall not be questioned for any speech or de-
Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of ...... 2 1 5 bate in either House in any other place ................ 1 6 1
No person shall be elected to office more than Privileges and immunities of citizens of the United States.
twice. [Amendments] .......................................... 22 — — The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all the
No person who shall not have attained the age of privileges and immunities of the citizens of the sev-
thirty-five years and been fourteen years a resi- eral States ................................................................ 4 2 1
dent of the United States shall be eligible to the No soldier shall be quartered in any house without
office of ............................................................... 2 1 5 the consent of the owner in time of peace.
Congress to decide the issue of the President’s abil- [Amendments] .................................................... 3 — —
ity to discharge the powers and duties of his of- No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of life and
fice [Amendments] .............................................. 25 4 — limb for the same offense. [Amendments] ............ 5 — —
Declaration of his inability to discharge the pow- All persons born or naturalized in the United
ers and duties of his office [Amendments] ............ 25 3 — States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof,
Nomination of successor to the Vice President are citizens of the United States and of the State
whenever a vacancy in the office of the Vice in which they reside. [Amendments] ................... 14 1 —
President occurs [Amendments] ......................... 25 2 — No State shall make or enforce any law which shall
Succession of Vice President to office in case of abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens
death, resignation, removal, or inability of of the United States. [Amendments] ................... 14 1 —
President to discharge the powers and duties of No State shall deprive any person of life, liberty,
his office [Amendments] ..................................... 25 — — or property without due process of law. [Amend-
President and Vice President. Manner of choosing. Each ments] ................................................................. 14 1 —
State by its legislature, shall appoint a number of Nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the
electors equal to the whole number of Senators and equal protection of its laws. [Amendments] ........ 14 1 —
Representatives to which the State may be entitled Prizes captured on land or water. Congress shall make
in the Congress .......................................................... 2 1 2 rules concerning ....................................................... 1 8 11
No Senator or Representative or person holding an Probable cause. The right of the people to be secure in
office of trust or profit under the United States their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against un-
shall be an elector ............................................... 2 1 2 reasonable searches and seizures, shall not be vio-
Congress may determine the time of choosing the lated. And no warrant shall issue for such but upon.
electors and the day on which they shall give [Amendments] .......................................................... 4 — —
their votes, which day shall be the same through- Process of law. No person shall be compelled in any
out the United States .......................................... 2 1 4 criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor
The electors shall meet in their respective States be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due.
and vote by ballot for President and Vice Presi- [Amendments] .......................................................... 5 — —
dent, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhab- No State shall deprive any person of life, liberty,
itant of the same State with themselves. or property, without due. [Amendments] ............ 14 1 —
[Amendments] .................................................... 12 — — Process for obtaining witnesses in his favor. In all
They shall name in distinct ballots the person criminal prosecutions the accused shall have.
voted for as President and the person voted for [Amendments] .......................................................... 6 — —
Progress of science and useful arts. Congress shall have
as Vice President. [Amendments] ........................ 12 — — power to promote the ................................................ 1 8 8
They shall make distinct lists of the persons voted Property of the United States. Congress may dispose
for as President and as Vice President, which of and make all needful rules and regulations re-
they shall sign and certify and transmit sealed specting the territory or ........................................... 4 3 2
to the President of the Senate at the seat of gov- Property, without due process of law. No person shall
ernment. [Amendments] ..................................... 12 — — be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness
The President of the Senate shall, in the presence against himself; nor shall he be deprived of his life,
of the Senate and House of Representatives, open liberty, or [Amendments] .......................................... 5 — —
all the certificates, and the votes shall then be No State shall abridge the privileges or immunities
counted. [Amendments] ...................................... 12 — — of citizens of the United States; nor deprive any
The person having the greatest number of votes person of his life, liberty, or. [Amendments] ........ 14 1 —
shall be the President, if such number be a major- Prosecutions. The accused shall have a speedy and pub-
ity of the whole number of electors appointed. lic trial in all criminal. [Amendments] ...................... 6 — —
[Amendments] .................................................... 12 — — He shall be tried by a jury in the State or district
If no person have such majority, then from the per- where the crime was committed. [Amendments] . 6 — —
sons having the highest numbers, not exceeding He shall be informed of the nature and cause of the
three, on the list of those voted for as President, accusation. [Amendments] ................................. 6 — —
the House of Representatives shall choose imme- He shall be confronted with the witnesses against
diately, by ballot, the President. [Amendments] . 12 — — him. [Amendments] ............................................ 6 — —
In choosing the President, the votes shall be taken He shall have compulsory process for obtaining
by States, the representation from each State witnesses. [Amendments] ................................... 6 — —
having one vote. [Amendments] .......................... 12 — — He shall have counsel for his defense. [Amend-
A quorum for this purpose shall consist of a mem- ments] ................................................................. 6 — —
ber or members from two-thirds of the States, Protection of the laws. No State shall deny to any per-
and a majority of all the States shall be nec- son within its jurisdiction the equal. [Amendments] . 14 1 —
essary to a choice. [Amendments] ....................... 12 — — Public debt of the United States incurred in suppressing
But if no choice shall be made before the 4th of insurrection or rebellion shall not be questioned. The
March next following, then the Vice President validity of the. [Amendments] .................................. 14 4 —
shall act as President, as in the case of the death Public safety may require it. The writ of habeas corpus
or disability of the President. [Amendments] ...... 12 — — shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebel-
The District of Columbia shall appoint, in such lion or invasion the ................................................... 1 9 2
manner as the Congress may direct, a number of Public trial by jury. In all criminal prosecutions the
electors equal to the whole number of Senators accused shall have a speedy and. [Amendments] ........ 6 — —
and Representatives to which the District would Public use. Private property shall not be taken for,
be entitled if a State. [Amendments] ................... 23 1 — without just compensation. [Amendments] ............... 5 — —
President of the Senate, but shall have no vote unless Punishment according to law. Judgment in cases of im-
the Senate be equally divided. The Vice President peachment shall not extend further than to removal
shall be ..................................................................... 1 3 4 from, and disqualification for, office; but the party
President pro tempore. In the absence of the Vice Presi- convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to
dent the Senate shall choose a ................................... 1 3 5 indictment, trial, judgment, and ............................... 1 3 7
When the Vice President shall exercise the office Punishments inflicted. Excessive bail shall not be re-
of President of the United States, the Senate quired nor excessive fines imposed nor cruel and un-
shall choose a ...................................................... 1 3 5 usual. [Amendments] ................................................ 8 — —
President to transmit his declaration of inability
to discharge the powers and duties of his office Q
to [Amendments] ................................................ 25 3 —
Vice President and a majority of the principal offi- Qualification for office. No religious test shall ever be
cers of the executive departments to transmit required as a .............................................................. 6 — 3
their declaration of the President’s inability to Qualifications of electors of members of the House of
discharge the powers and duties of his office to Representatives shall be the same as electors for the
[Amendments] .................................................... 25 4 — most numerous branch of the State legislature ......... 1 2 1
Press. Congress shall pass no law abridging the freedom Qualifications of electors of Senators shall be the same
of speech or of the. [Amendments] ............................. 1 — — as electors of the most numerous branch of the State
Previous condition of servitude. The right of citizens of legislature. [Amendments] ....................................... 17 1 —
the United States to vote shall not be denied or Qualifications of members of the House of Representa-
abridged by the United States, or by any State, on tives. They shall be twenty-five years of age, seven
account of race, color, or. [Amendments] .................. 15 1 — years a citizen of the United States, and an inhab-
Primary elections. The right of citizens of the United itant of the State in which chosen ............................. 1 2 2
States to vote in shall not be denied or abridged by Of Senators. They shall be thirty years of age, nine
the United States or any State by reason of failure years a citizen of the United States, and an in-
to pay any poll tax or other tax. [Amendments] ......... 24 1 — habitant of the State in which chosen ................. 1 3 3
Page XI ANALYTICAL INDEX TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES

Art. Sec. Cl. Art. Sec. Cl.

Qualifications—Continued Religious test shall ever be required as a qualification
Of its own members. Each House shall be the judge for any office or public trust under the United States.
of the election, returns, and ................................ 1 5 1 No ............................................................................. 6 — 3
Of the President. No person except a natural-born Removal of the President from office— The same shall
citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the devolve on the Vice President. In case of the .............. 2 1 6
time of the adoption of the Constitution, shall [Amendments] ....................................................... 25 — —
be eligible to the office of President .................... 2 1 5 The Vice President shall succeed to the office of
Neither shall any person be eligible to the office the President. In case of the death, resignation,
of President who shall not have attained the age inability, or [Amendments] ................................. 25 — —
of thirty-five years and been fourteen years a Representation. No State, without its consent, shall be
resident within the United States ....................... 2 1 5 deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate ............... 5 — —
Of the Vice President. No person constitutionally Representation and direct taxation, how apportioned
ineligible to the office of President shall be eligi- among the several States .......................................... 1 2 3
ble to that of Vice President. [Amendments] ....... 12 — — Representation until the first enumeration under the
Quartered in any house without the consent of the Constitution not to exceed one for every thirty thou-
owner in time of peace. No soldier shall be. [Amend- sand. The ratio of ...................................................... 1 2 3
ments] ....................................................................... 3 — — Representation in any State. The executive thereof
Quorum to do business. A majority of each House shall shall issue writs of election to fill vacancies in the .... 1 2 4
constitute a .............................................................. 1 5 1 Representation among the several States shall be ac-
But a smaller number than a quorum may adjourn cording to their respective numbers, counting the
from day to day and may be authorized to compel whole number of persons in each State, excluding In-
the attendance of absent members ...................... 1 5 1 dians not taxed. The ratio of. [Amendments] ............. 14 2 —
Of the House of Representatives for choosing a But where the right to vote in certain Federal and
President shall consist of a member or members State elections is abridged for any cause other
from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of than rebellion or other crime, the basis of rep-
all the States shall be necessary to a choice. resentation shall be reduced. [Amendments] ....... 14 2 —
[Amendments] .................................................... 12 — — Representatives. Congress shall consist of a Senate and
Quorum to elect a Vice President by the Senate. Two- House of .................................................................... 1 1 —
thirds of the whole number of Senators shall be a. Qualifications of electors of members of the House
[Amendments] .......................................................... 12 — — of ........................................................................ 1 2 1
A majority of the whole number shall be necessary No person shall be a Representative who shall not
to a choice. [Amendments] .................................. 12 — — have attained the age of twenty-five years, been
seven years a citizen of the United States, and
an inhabitant of the State in which he shall be
R chosen ................................................................. 1 2 2
And direct taxes, how apportioned among the sev-
Race, color, or previous condition of servitude. The eral States .......................................................... 1 2 3
right of citizens of the United States to vote shall Executives of the States shall issue writs of elec-
not be denied or abridged by the United States or tion to fill vacancies in the House of .................... 1 2 4
by any State on account of. [Amendments] ............... 15 1 — Shall choose their Speaker and other officers. The
Ratification of amendments to the Constitution shall House of .............................................................. 1 2 5
be by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several Shall have the sole power of impeachment. The
States or by conventions in three-fourths of the House of .............................................................. 1 2 5
States, accordingly as Congress may propose ............ 5 — — The times, places, and manner of choosing Rep-
Ratification of the conventions of nine States shall be resentatives shall be prescribed by the legisla-
sufficient to establish the Constitution between the tures of the States ............................................... 1 4 1
States so ratifying the same ...................................... 7 — — But Congress may make by law at any time or alter
Ratio or representation until the first enumeration such regulations except as to the places of choos-
under the Constitution shall be made not to exceed ing Senators ........................................................ 1 4 1
one for every thirty thousand .................................... 1 2 3 And Senators shall receive a compensation, to be
Ratio of representation shall be apportioned among the ascertained by law .............................................. 1 6 1
several States according to their respective num- Shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and
bers, counting the whole number of persons in each breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest
State, excluding Indians not taxed. [Amendments] ... 14 2 — during attendance at the session of the House,
But when the right to vote for Presidential electors and in going to and returning from the same ....... 1 6 1
or members of Congress, or the legislative, exec- Shall not be questioned in any other place for any
utive, and judicial officers of the State, except speech or debate. Members of the House of ........... 1 6 1
for engaging in rebellion or other crime, shall be No member shall be appointed during his term to
denied or abridged by a State, the basis of rep- any civil office which shall have been created,
resentation shall be reduced therein in the pro- or the emoluments of which shall have been in-
portion of such denial or abridgment of the right creased, during such term ................................... 1 6 2
to vote. [Amendments] ........................................ 14 2 — No person holding any office under the United
Rebellion against the United States. Persons who, States shall, while holding such office, be a mem-
while holding certain Federal and State offices, took ber of the House of ............................................... 1 6 2
an oath to support the Constitution, afterward en- All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the
gaged in insurrection or rebellion, disabled from House of .............................................................. 1 7 1
holding office under the United States. [Amend- No Senator or Representative shall be an elector
ments] ....................................................................... 14 3 — for President or Vice President ........................... 2 1 2
But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each No law, varying the compensation for the services
House remove such disability. [Amendments] ..... 14 3 — of the Senators and Representatives, shall take
Debts incurred for pensions and bounties for serv- effect, until an election of Representatives shall
ices in suppressing the rebellion shall not be have intervened. [Amendments] .......................... 27 — —
questioned. [Amendments] ................................. 14 4 — Representatives shall be bound by an oath or affirma-
All debts and obligations incurred in aid of the re- tion to support the Constitution of the United
bellion, and all claims for the loss or emanci- States. The Senators and .......................................... 6 — 3
pation of slaves, declared and held to be illegal Representatives among the several States. Provisions
and void. [Amendments] ..................................... 14 4 — relative to the apportionment of. [Amendments] ...... 14 2 —
Rebellion or invasion. The writ of habeas corpus shall Representatives and Senators. Prescribing certain dis-
not be suspended except when the public safety may qualifications for office as. [Amendments] ................ 14 3 —
require it in cases of .................................................. 1 9 2 But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each
Receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be House, remove such disqualification. [Amend-
published from time to time. A regular statement of . 1 9 7 ments] ................................................................. 14 3 —
Recess of the Senate. The President may grant commis- Reprieves and pardons except in cases of impeachment.
sions, which shall expire at the end of the next ses- The President may grant ........................................... 2 2 1
sion, to fill vacancies that may happen during the ..... 2 2 3 Reprisal. Congress shall have power to grant letters of
Reconsideration of a bill returned by the President with marque and ............................................................... 1 8 11
his objections. Proceedings to be had upon the .......... 1 7 2 No State shall grant any letters of marque and ....... 1 10 1
Records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. Republican form of government. The United States
Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to shall guarantee to every State in this Union a ........... 4 4 —
the acts ..................................................................... 4 1 — And shall protect each of them against invasion;
Congress shall prescribe the manner of proving and on the application of the legislature, or of
such acts, records, and proceedings ..................... 4 1 — the executive (when the legislature cannot be
Redress of grievances. Congress shall make no law convened), against domestic violence ................. 4 4 —
abridging the right of the people peaceably to assem- Reserved rights of the States and the people. The enu-
ble and to petition for the. [Amendments] ................. 1 — — meration in the Constitution of certain rights shall
Regulations, except as to the places of choosing Sen- not be construed to deny or disparage others retained
ators. The time, places, and manner of holding elec- by the people. [Amendments] .................................... 9 — —
tions for Senators and Representatives shall be pre- The powers not delegated to the United States by
scribed by the legislatures of the States, but Con- the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the
gress may at any time by law make or alter such ....... 1 4 1 States, are reserved to the States respectively,
Regulations of commerce or revenue. Preference to the or to the people. [Amendments] ........................... 10 — —
ports of one State over those of another shall not Resignation of the President. The duties and powers of
be given by any .......................................................... 1 9 6 his office shall devolve on the Vice President. In case
Religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. Con- of the death ............................................................... 2 1 6
gress shall make no law respecting the establish- Congress may by law provide for the case of the
ment of. [Amendments] ............................................. 1 — — removal, death .................................................... 2 1 6
ANALYTICAL INDEX TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES Page XII

Art. Sec. Cl. Art. Sec. Cl.

Resignation—Continued It shall not adjourn for more than three days dur-
The Vice President shall succeed to the office of ing a session without the consent of the other
the President. In case of the death, removal, in- House .................................................................. 1 5 4
ability, or [Amendments] .................................... 25 — — It may propose amendments to bills for raising rev-
Resolution, or vote (except on a question of adjourn- enue, but such bills shall originate in the House
ment) requiring the concurrence of the two Houses of Representatives .............................................. 1 7 1
shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the The Senate shall advise and consent to the ratifica-
President. Every order .............................................. 1 7 3 tion of all treaties, provided two-thirds of the
Revenue shall originate in the House of Representa- members present concur ..................................... 2 2 2
tives. All bills for raising ........................................... 1 7 1 It shall advise and consent to the appointment of
Revenue. Preference shall not be given to the ports of ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls,
one State over those of another by any regulations judges of the Supreme Court, and all other offi-
of commerce or .......................................................... 1 9 6 cers not herein otherwise provided for ................. 2 2 2
Rhode Island entitled to one Representative in the first It may be convened by the President on extraor-
Congress ................................................................... 1 2 3 dinary occasions ................................................. 2 3 1
Right of petition. Congress shall make no law abridging No State, without its consent, shall be deprived of
the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to its equal suffrage in the Senate ........................... 5 — —
petition for the redress of grievances. [Amendments] 1 — — Senators. They shall, immediately after assembling,
Right to keep and bear arms. A well-regulated militia under their first election, be divided into three class-
being necessary to the security of a free State, the es, so that the seats of one-third shall become vacant
right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not at the expiration of every second year ....................... 1 3 2
be infringed. [Amendments] ...................................... 2 — — No person shall be a Senator who shall not be thir-
Rights in the Constitution shall not be construed to ty years of age, nine years a citizen of the United
deny or disparage others retained by the people. The States, and an inhabitant when elected of the
enumeration of certain. [Amendments] ..................... 9 — — State for which he shall be chosen ....................... 1 3 3
Rights not delegated to the United States nor prohib- The times, places, and manner of choosing Sen-
ited to the States are reserved to the States or to ators may be fixed by the legislature of a State,
the people. [Amendments] ......................................... 10 — — but Congress may by law make or alter such reg-
Rules of its proceedings. Each House may determine
the ............................................................................ 1 5 2 ulations, except as to the places of choosing ........ 1 4 1
Rules and regulations respecting the territory or other If vacancies happen during the recess of the legisla-
property of the United States. Congress shall dispose ture of a State, the executive thereof may make
of and make all needful ............................................. 4 3 2 temporary appointments until the next meeting
Rules of the common law. All suits involving over twen- of the legislature. ................................................ 1 3 2
ty dollars shall be tried by jury according to the. If vacancies happen the executive authority of the
[Amendments] .......................................................... 7 — — State shall issue writs of election to fill such va-
No fact tried by a jury shall be re-examined except cancies; provided, that the legislature of any
according to the. [Amendments] ......................... 7 — — State may empower the executive thereof to
make temporary appointment until the people
S fill the vacancies by election as the legislature
may direct. [Amendments] .................................. 17 2 —
Science and the useful arts by securing to authors and They shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and
inventors the exclusive right to their writings and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest
discoveries. Congress shall have power to promote during their attendance at the session of the Sen-
the progress of ........................................................... 1 8 8 ate and in going to and returning from the same .. 1 6 1
Searches and seizures shall not be violated. The right Senators and Representatives shall receive a com-
of the people to be secure against unreasonable. pensation to be ascertained by law ...................... 1 6 1
[Amendments] .......................................................... 4 — — Senators and Representatives shall not be ques-
And no warrants shall be issued but upon probable tioned for any speech or debate in either House
cause, on oath or affirmation, describing the in any other place ................................................ 1 6 1
place to be searched and the persons or things No Senator or Representative shall, during the
to be seized. [Amendments] ................................. 4 — — time for which he was elected, be appointed to
Seat of Government. Congress shall exercise exclusive any civil office under the United States which
legislation in all cases over such district as may be- shall have been created, or of which the emolu-
come the ................................................................... 1 8 17 ments shall have been increased, during such
Securities and current coin of the United States. Con- term .................................................................... 1 6 2
gress shall provide for punishing the counterfeiting No person holding any office under the United
of the ......................................................................... 1 8 6 States shall be a member of either House during
Security of a free State, the right of the people to keep his continuance in office ..................................... 1 6 2
and bear arms shall not be infringed. A well-regu- No Senator or Representative or person holding an
lated militia being necessary to the. [Amendments] .. 2 — — office of trust or profit under the United States
Senate and House of Representatives. The Congress of the shall be an elector for President and Vice Presi-
United States shall consist of a ................................. 1 1 — dent .................................................................... 2 1 2
Senate of the United States. The Senate shall be com- Senators and Representatives shall be bound by an
posed of two Senators from each State, chosen by oath or affirmation to support the Constitution .. 6 — 3
the legislature for six years ....................................... 1 3 1 No person shall be a Senator or Representative
The Senate shall be composed of two Senators from who, having, as a Federal or State officer, taken
each State, elected by the people thereof, for six an oath to support the Constitution, afterward
years. [Amendments] .......................................... 17 1 — engaged in rebellion against the United States.
Qualifications of electors of Senators. [Amend- [Amendments] .................................................... 14 3 —
ments] ................................................................. 17 1 — But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each
If vacancies happen during the recess of the legisla- House, remove such disability. [Amendments] .... 14 3 —
ture of a State, the executive thereof may make No law, varying the compensation for the services
temporary appointments until the next meeting of the Senators and Representatives, shall take
of the legislature ................................................. 1 3 2 effect, until an election of Representatives shall
When vacancies happen the executive authority of have intervened. [Amendments] .......................... 27 — —
the State shall issue writs of election to fill such Service or labor in one State, escaping into another
vacancies; provided, that the legislature of any State, shall be delivered up to the party to whom
State may empower the executive thereof to such service or labor may be due. Fugitives from ....... 4 2 3
make temporary appointment until the people Servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof
fill the vacancies by election as the legislature the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist
may direct. [Amendments] .................................. 17 2 — in the United States or any place subject to their
The Vice President shall be President of the Sen-
ate, but shall have no vote unless the Senate be jurisdiction. Neither slavery nor involuntary.
equally divided .................................................... 1 3 4 [Amendments] .......................................................... 13 1 —
The Senate shall choose their other officers, and Servitude. The right of citizens of the United States to
also a President pro tempore in the absence of the vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United
Vice President or when he shall exercise the of- States or by any State, on account of race, color,
fice of President .................................................. 1 3 5 or previous condition of. [Amendments ] ................... 15 1 —
The Senate shall have the sole power to try all im- Sex. Right of citizens to vote shall not be denied or
peachments. When sitting for that purpose they abridged by the United States or any State on ac-
shall be on oath or affirmation ............................ 1 3 6 count of. [Amendments] ............................................ 19 — —
When the President of the United States is tried Ships of war in time of peace, without the consent of
the Chief Justice shall preside; and no person Congress. No State shall keep troops or ..................... 1 10 3
shall be convicted without the concurrence of Silver coin a tender in payment of debts. No State shall
two-thirds of the members present ...................... 1 3 6 make anything but gold and ...................................... 1 10 1
It shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and Slave. Neither the United States nor any State shall
qualifications of its own members ....................... 1 5 1 assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid
A majority shall constitute a quorum to do busi- of insurrection or rebellion, or any claim for the loss
ness, but a smaller number may adjourn from day or emancipation of any. [Amendments] ..................... 14 4 —
to day, and may be authorized to compel the at- Slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punish-
tendance of absent members ............................... 1 5 1 ment for crime, whereof the party shall have been
It may determine the rules of its proceedings, pun- duly convicted, shall exist in the United States, or
ish a member for disorderly behavior, and with any places subject to their jurisdiction. Neither.
the concurrence of two-thirds expel a member .... 1 5 2 [Amendments] .......................................................... 13 1 —
It shall keep a journal of its proceedings and from Soldiers shall not be quartered, in time of peace, in any
time to time publish the same, except such parts house without the consent of the owner. [Amend-
as may in their judgment require secrecy ............ 1 5 3 ments] ....................................................................... 3 — —
Page XIII ANALYTICAL INDEX TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES

Art. Sec. Cl. Art. Sec. Cl.

South Carolina entitled to five Representatives in the Suppress insurrections and repel invasions. Congress
first Congress ............................................................ 1 2 3 shall provide for calling forth the militia to execute
Speaker and other officers. The House of Representa- the laws ..................................................................... 1 8 15
tives shall choose their .............................................. 1 2 5 Suppression of insurrection or rebellion shall not be
Speaker of the House of Representatives. President to questioned. The public debt, including the debt for
transmit his declaration of inability to discharge the pensions and bounties, incurred in the. [Amend-
powers and duties of his office to [Amendments] ....... 25 3 — ments] ....................................................................... 14 4 —
Vice President and a majority of the principal offi- Supreme Court. Congress shall have power to constitute
cers of the executive departments to transmit tribunals inferior to the ............................................ 1 8 9
their declaration of the President’s inability to And such inferior courts as Congress may estab-
discharge the powers and duties of his office to lish. The judicial power of the United States
[Amendments] .................................................... 25 4 — shall be vested in one ........................................... 3 1 —
Speech or of the press. Congress shall make no law The judges of the Supreme Court and inferior
abridging the freedom of. [Amendments] .................. 1 — — courts shall hold their offices during good behav-
Speedy and public trial by a jury. In all criminal pros- ior ....................................................................... 3 1 —
ecutions the accused shall have a. [Amendments] ..... 6 — — The compensation of the judges shall not be dimin-
Standard of weights and measures. Congress shall fix ished during their continuance in office .............. 3 1 —
the ............................................................................ 1 8 5 Shall have original jurisdiction. In all cases affect-
State of the Union. The President shall, from time to ing ambassadors, other public ministers and con-
time, give Congress information of the ...................... 2 3 — suls, and in which a State may be a party, the ...... 3 2 2
State legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers Shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law
of the United States, shall take an oath to support and the fact, with such exceptions and regula-
the Constitution. All members of the several ............ 6 — 3 tions as Congress may make. The ........................ 3 2 2
States. When vacancies happen in the representation Supreme law of the land. This Constitution, the laws
from any State, the executive authority shall issue made in pursuance thereof, and the treaties of the
writs of election to fill such vacancies ....................... 1 2 4 United States, shall be the ........................................ 6 — 2
When vacancies happen in the representation of The judges in every State shall be bound thereby ... 6 — 2
any State in the Senate, the executive authority
shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.
[Amendments] .................................................... 17 2 — T
Congress shall have power to regulate commerce
among the several ............................................... 1 8 3 Tax shall be laid unless in proportion to the census or
No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or enumeration. No capitation or other direct ............... 1 9 4
confederation ...................................................... 1 10 1 Tax on incomes authorized without apportionment
Shall not grant letters of marque and reprisal ........ 1 10 1 among the several States, and without regard to any
Shall not coin money ............................................. 1 10 1 census or enumeration. [Amendments] ..................... 16 — —
Shall not emit bills of credit ................................... 1 10 1 Tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any
Shall not make anything but gold and silver coin State. No ................................................................... 1 9 5
a tender in payment of debts ................................ 1 10 1 Tax. The right of citizens of the United States to vote
Shall not pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto shall not be denied or abridged by the United States
law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts 1 10 1 or any State by reason of failure to pay. [Amend-
Shall not grant any title of nobility ....................... 1 10 1 ments] ....................................................................... 24 1 —
Shall not, without the consent of Congress, lay any Taxes (direct) and Representatives, how apportioned
duties on imports or exports, except what may among the several States .......................................... 1 2 3
be absolutely necessary for executing its inspec- Taxes, duties, imposts, and excises. Congress shall have
tion laws ............................................................. 1 10 2 power to lay .............................................................. 1 8 1
Shall not, without the consent of Congress, lay any They shall be uniform throughout the United
duty of tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in States ................................................................. 1 8 1
time of peace, enter into any agreement or com- Temporary appointments until the next meeting of the
pact with another State or with a foreign power, legislature. If vacancies happen in the Senate in the
or engage in war unless actually invaded or in recess of the legislature of a State, the executive of
such imminent danger as will not admit of delay . 1 10 3 the State shall make ................................................. 1 3 2
Full faith and credit in every other State shall be Tender in payment of debts. No State shall make any-
given to the public acts, records, and judicial pro- thing but gold and silver coin a .................................. 1 10 1
ceedings of each State ......................................... 4 1 — Terms of four years. The President and Vice President
Congress shall prescribe the manner of proving shall hold their offices for the .................................... 2 1 1
such acts, records, and proceedings ..................... 4 1 — Term of office. President, not more than twice. [Amend-
Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privi- ments] ....................................................................... 22 — —
leges and immunities of citizens in the several Term for which he is elected. No Senator or Representa-
States ................................................................. 4 2 1 tive shall be appointed to any office under the United
New States may be admitted by Congress into this States which shall have been created or its emolu-
Union .................................................................. 4 3 1 ments increased during the ....................................... 1 6 2
But no new State shall be formed or erected within Territory or other property of the United States. Con-
the jurisdiction of another State ......................... 4 3 1 gress shall dispose of and make all needful rules and
Nor any State formed by the junction of two or regulations respecting the ........................................ 4 3 2
more States or parts of States, without the con- Test as a qualification for any office or public trust
sent of the legislatures as well as of Congress ...... 4 3 1 shall ever be required. No religious ............................ 6 — 3
No State shall be deprived, without its consent, of Testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or
its equal suffrage in the Senate ........................... 5 — — on confession in open court. No person shall be con-
Three-fourths of the legislatures of the States, or victed of treason except on the .................................. 3 3 1
conventions of three-fourths of the States, as Three-fourths of the legislatures of the States, or conven-
Congress shall prescribe, may ratify amend- tions in three-fourths of the States, as Congress shall
ments to the Constitution ................................... 5 — — prescribe, may ratify amendments to the Constitu-
The United States shall guarantee a republican tion ........................................................................... 5 — —
form of government to every State in the Union .. 4 4 — Tie. The Vice President shall have no vote unless the
They shall protect each State against invasion ...... 4 4 —
And on application of the legislature, or the execu- Senate be equally divided .......................................... 1 3 4
tive (when the legislature cannot be convened), Times, places, and manner of holding elections for Sen-
against domestic violence ................................... 4 4 — ators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each
The ratification by nine States shall be sufficient State by the legislature thereof ................................ 1 4 1
to establish the Constitution between the States But Congress may at any time by law make or alter
so ratifying the same ........................................... 7 — — such regulations, except as to the places of
When the choice of President shall devolve on the choosing Senators. .............................................. 1 4 1
House of Representatives, the vote shall be taken Title of nobility. The United States shall not grant any .. 1 9 8
by States. [Amendments] .................................... 12 — — No State shall grant any ........................................ 1 10 1
But in choosing the President the vote shall be Title of any kind, from any king, prince, or foreign
taken by States, the representation from each State, without the consent of Congress. No person
State having one vote. [Amendments] ................. 12 — — holding any office under the United States shall ac-
A quorum for choice of President shall consist of cept of any ................................................................ 1 9 8
a member or members from two-thirds of the Tonnage without the consent of Congress. No State
States, and a majority of all the States shall be shall lay any duty of .................................................. 1 10 3
necessary to a choice. [Amendments] .................. 12 — — Tranquility, provide for the common defense, &c. To in-
States or the people. Powers not delegated to the sure domestic. [Preamble] ......................................... — — —
United States, nor prohibited to the States, are re- Treason shall consist only in levying war against the
served to the. [Amendments] ..................................... 10 — — United States, or in adhering to their enemies, giv-
Succession to the offices of the President and Vice ing them aid and comfort .......................................... 3 3 1
President. [Amendments] ......................................... 25 — — No person shall, unless on the testimony of two
Suffrage in the Senate. No State shall be deprived with- witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession
out its consent of its equal ......................................... 5 — — in open court, be convicted of .............................. 3 3 1
No denial of right to vote on account of sex. Congress shall have power to declare the punish-
[Amendments] .................................................... 19 — — ment of ............................................................... 3 3 2
Suits at common law, where the value in controversy Shall not work corruption of blood. Attainder of .... 3 3 2
shall exceed $20, shall be tried by jury. [Amend- Shall not work forfeiture, except during the life of
ments] ....................................................................... 7 — — the person attainted. Attainder of ....................... 3 3 2
In law or equity against one of the States, by citi- Treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemean-
zens of another State, or by citizens of a foreign ors. The President, Vice President, and all civil offi-
State. The judicial power of the United States cers shall be removed from office on impeachment
shall not extend to. [Amendments] ...................... 11 — — for and conviction of ................................................. 2 4 1
ANALYTICAL INDEX TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES Page XIV

Art. Sec. Cl. Art. Sec. Cl.

Treason, felony, and breach of the peace. Senators and Validity of the public debt incurred in suppressing in-
Representatives shall be privileged from arrest while surrection against the United States, including debt
attending or while going to or returning from the for pensions and bounties, shall not be questioned.
sessions of Congress, except in cases of ...................... 1 6 1 [Amendments] .......................................................... 14 4 —
Treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made Vessels bound to or from the ports of one State, shall
by law. No money shall be drawn from the ................. 1 9 7 not be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in an-
Treaties. The President shall have power, with the ad- other State ............................................................... 1 9 6
vice and consent of the Senate, provided two-thirds Veto of a bill by the President. Proceedings of the two
of the Senators present concur, to make .................... 2 2 2 Houses upon the ........................................................ 1 7 2
The judicial power shall extend to all cases arising Vice President of the United States shall be President
under the Constitution, laws, and ........................ 3 2 1 of the Senate ............................................................. 1 3 4
They shall be the supreme law of the land, and the He shall have no vote unless the Senate be equally
judges in every State shall be bound thereby ....... 6 — 2 divided ................................................................ 1 3 4
Treaty, alliance, or confederation. No State shall enter The Senate shall choose a President pro tempore in
into any .................................................................... 1 10 1 the absence of the ................................................ 1 3 5
Trial, judgment, and punishment according to law. He shall be chosen for the term of four years ........... 2 1 1
Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend The number and the manner of appointing electors
further than to removal from, and disqualification for President and ................................................. 2 1 2
for, office; but the party convicted shall nevertheless In case of the removal, death, resignation, or in-
be liable and subject to indictment ............................ 1 3 7 ability of the President, the powers and duties
Trial by jury. All crimes, except in cases of impeach- of his office shall devolve on the .......................... 2 1 6
ment, shall be tried by jury ....................................... 3 2 3 [Amendments] .................................................... 25 — —
Such trial shall be held in the State within which
the crime shall have been committed .................. 3 2 3 Congress may provide by law for the case of the
But when not committed within a State, the trial removal, death, resignation, or inability both of
shall be at such a place as Congress may by law the President and ................................................ 2 1 6
have directed ...................................................... 3 2 3 [Amendments] .................................................... 25 — —
In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall have On impeachment for and conviction of treason,
a speedy and public. [Amendments] ..................... 6 — — bribery, and other high crimes and misdemean-
Suits at common law, when the amount exceeds ors, shall be removed from office. The ................. 2 4 —
$20, shall be by. [Amendments] ............................ 7 — — Vice President. The manner of choosing the. The electors
Tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court. Congress shall shall meet in their respective States and vote by bal-
have power to constitute ........................................... 1 8 9 lot for President and Vice President, one of whom,
Troops or ships of war in time of peace without the con- at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same State
sent of Congress. No State shall keep ........................ 1 10 3 with themselves. [Amendments] ............................... 12 — —
Trust or profit under the United States, shall be an elec- Additional provision for succession through act of
tor for President and Vice President. No Senator, Congress. [Amendments] .................................... 20 4 —
Representative, or person holding any office of ......... 2 1 2 Nomination by President in case of vacancy in of-
Two-thirds of the members present. No person shall be fice. [Amendments] ............................................. 25 2 —
convicted on an impeachment without the concur- Term of office, beginning and ending. [Amend-
rence of ..................................................................... 1 3 6 ments] ................................................................. 20 1 —
Two-thirds, may expel a member. Each House, with the The electors shall name, in distinct ballots, the
concurrence of .......................................................... 1 5 2 person voted for as Vice President. [Amend-
Two-thirds. A bill returned by the President with his ments] ................................................................. 12 — —
objections, may be repassed by each House by a vote They shall make distinct lists of the persons voted
of .............................................................................. 1 7 2 for as Vice President, which lists they shall sign
Two-thirds of the Senators present concur. The Presi- and certify, and send sealed to the seat of Govern-
dent shall have power, by and with the advice and ment, directed to the President of the Senate.
consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided ..... 2 2 2 [Amendments] .................................................... 12 — —
Two-thirds of the legislatures of the several States. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence
Congress shall call a convention for proposing of the Senate and House of Representatives, open
amendments to the Constitution on the application all the certificates, and the votes shall be then
of .............................................................................. 5 — — counted. [Amendments] ...................................... 12 — —
Two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary. Con- The person having the greatest number of votes
gress shall propose amendments to the Constitution shall be Vice President, if such number be a ma-
whenever .................................................................. 5 — — jority of the whole number of electors. [Amend-
Two-thirds of the States. When the choice of a Presi- ments] ................................................................. 12 — —
dent shall devolve on the House of Representatives, If no person have a majority, then from the two
a quorum shall consist of a member or members highest numbers on the list the Senate shall
from. [Amendments] ................................................. 12 — — choose the Vice President. [Amendments] .......... 12 — —
Two-thirds of the whole number of Senators. A quorum A quorum for this purpose shall consist of two-
of the Senate, when choosing a Vice President, shall thirds of the whole number of senators; and a ma-
consist of. [Amendments] .......................................... 12 — — jority of the whole number shall be necessary to
Two-thirds, may remove the disabilities imposed by the a choice. [Amendments] ...................................... 12 — —
third section of the fourteenth amendment. Con- But if the House shall make no choice of a Presi-
gress, by a vote of. [Amendments] ............................. 14 3 — dent before the 4th of March next following, then
Two years. Appropriations for raising and supporting the Vice President shall act as President, as in
armies shall not be for a longer term than ................. 1 8 12 the case of the death or other constitutional dis-
ability of the President. [Amendments] .............. 12 — —
U No person constitutionally ineligible as President
shall be eligible as. [Amendments] ...................... 12 — —
Union. To establish a more perfect. [Preamble] ............ — — — In case of the removal, death, resignation, or in-
The President shall, from time to time, give to
Congress information of the state of the .............. 2 3 1 ability of the President, the powers and duties
New States may be admitted by Congress into this . 4 3 1 of his office shall succeed to [Amendments] ......... 25 — —
But no new States shall be formed or erected with- Nomination by President of successor in event of
in the jurisdiction of another .............................. 4 3 1 vacancy in office of [Amendments] ...................... 25 2 —
Unreasonable searches and seizures. The people shall Violence. The United States shall guarantee to every
be secured in their persons, houses, papers, and ef- State a republican form of government, and shall
fects against. [Amendments] ..................................... 4 — — protect each State against invasion and domestic ..... 4 4 —
And no warrants shall be issued but upon probable Virginia entitled to ten Representatives in the first
cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and par- Congress. .................................................................. 1 2 3
ticularly describing the place to be searched, and Vote. Each Senator shall have one ................................ 1 3 1
the persons or things to be seized. [Amendments] 4 — — The Vice President, unless the Senate be equally
Unusual punishments inflicted. Excessive bail shall divided, shall have no .......................................... 1 3 4
not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor Requiring the concurrence of the two Houses (ex-
cruel and. [Amendments] .......................................... 8 — — cept upon a question of adjournment) shall be
Use without just compensation. Private property shall presented to the President. Every order, resolu-
not be taken for public. [Amendments] ...................... 5 — — tion, or ................................................................ 1 7 3
Useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors Shall not be denied or abridged by the United
and inventors the exclusive right to their writings States or by any State on account of race, color,
and inventions. Congress shall have power to pro- or previous condition of servitude. The right of
mote the progress of science and the .......................... 1 8 8 citizens of the United States to. [Amendments] .. 15 1 —
Right of citizens to vote shall not be denied or
V abridged by the United States or any State on
account of sex. [Amendments] ............................. 19 — —
Vacancies happening in the representation of a State. Shall not be denied or abridged by the United
The executive thereof shall issue writs of election States or any State by reason of failure to pay
to fill ......................................................................... 1 2 4 any poll tax or other tax. The right of citizens
Vacancies happening in the representation of a State of the United States to. [Amendments] ............... 24 1 —
in the Senate. The executive thereof shall issue writs Right of citizens who are eighteen years of age or
of election to fill. [Amendments] ............................... 17 2 — older to vote shall not be denied or abridged by
Vacancies happening in the Senate in the recess of the the United States or any State, on account of
legislature of a State. How filled ............................... 1 3 2 age. [Amendments] ............................................. 26 1 —
Vacancies that happen during the recess of the Senate, Vote of two-thirds. Each House may expel a member by
by granting commissions which shall expire at the a ................................................................................ 1 5 2
end of the next session. The President shall have A bill vetoed by the President may be repassed in
power to fill ............................................................... 2 2 3 each House by a ................................................... 1 7 2
Page XV ANALYTICAL INDEX TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES

Art. Sec. Cl. Art. Sec. Cl.

Vote of two-thirds—Continued Welfare. Congress shall have power to provide for the
No person shall be convicted on an impeachment common defense and general ..................................... 1 8 1
except by a .......................................................... 1 3 6 Witness against himself. No person shall, in a criminal
Whenever both Houses shall deem it necessary, case, be compelled to be a. [Amendments] ................. 5 — —
Congress may propose amendments to the Con- Witnesses against him. In all criminal prosecutions the
stitution by a ...................................................... 5 — — accused shall be confronted with the. [Amendments] 6 — —
The President may make treaties with the advice Witnesses in his favor. In all criminal prosecutions the
and consent of the Senate, by a ............................ 2 2 2 accused shall have compulsory process for obtaining.
Disabilities incurred by participation in insurrec- [Amendments] .......................................................... 6 — —
tion or rebellion, may be relieved by Congress by Witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in
a. [Amendments] ................................................. 14 3 — open court. No person shall be convicted of treason
unless on the testimony of two .................................. 3 3 1
W Writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended unless in
War, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make case of rebellion or invasion the public safety may
rules concerning captures on land and water. Con- require it ................................................................... 1 9 2
gress shall have power to declare ............................... 1 8 11 Writs of election to fill vacancies in the representation
For governing the land and naval forces. Congress of any State. The executives of the State shall issue .. 1 2 4
shall have power to make rules and articles of ..... 1 8 14 Written opinion of the principal officer in each of the
No State shall, without the consent of Congress, Executive Departments on any subject relating to
unless actually invaded, or in such imminent the duties of his office. The President may require
danger as will not admit of delay, engage in ......... 1 10 3 the ............................................................................ 2 2 1
War against the United States, adhering to their en-
emies, and giving them aid and comfort. Treason
shall consist only in levying ...................................... 3 3 1
Warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, on oath Y
or affirmation, describing the place to be searched,
and the person or things to be seized. No. [Amend- Yeas and nays of the members of either House shall,
ments] ....................................................................... 4 — — at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered
Weights and measures. Congress shall fix the standard on the journals .......................................................... 1 5 3
of .............................................................................. 1 8 5 The votes of both Houses upon the reconsideration
Welfare and to secure the blessings of liberty, &c. To of a bill returned by the President with his objec-
promote the general. [Preamble] ............................... — — — tions shall be determined by ................................ 1 7 2