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Supplementary Materials Review of Matrix Operations All Pages

Supplementary Materials Review of Matrix Operations All Pages

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
32 views27 pages

Supplementary Materials Review of Matrix Operations All Pages

Supplementary Materials Review of Matrix Operations All Pages

Uploaded by

abathar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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GENG 300 NUMERICAL METHODS

Dr. Mohammad Aman Ullah


WHAT IS VECTORS

9HFWRULVDRQHGLPHQVLRQD ODUUD\RI QXPEHUV


([DPSOHV 
ª º
URZYHFWRU>  @ FROXPQYHF WRU««»»
«¬»¼
ªº ª º ª º ª º
« » «» « » « »
,GHQWLW\ YHFWRUV H « » H « » H « » H « »
« » « » «» « »
« » « » « » « »
¬ ¼ ¬ ¼ ¬ ¼ ¬¼
4
MATRICES

0 DWUL[  DWZRGLPHQVLRQD ODUUD\RI QXPEHUV


([DPSOHV 
ª  º
ª  º «  »
]HURPDWUL[ «  LGHQWLW\
PDWUL[
 »¼ « »
¬ Banded «¬  »¼
ª
«
  º Matrix ª   º
  »» «   »
GLDJRQDO «  7ULGLDJRQD O« »
«   » «    »
« » « »
¬   ¼ ¬     ¼ 5
MATRICES
([DPSOHV 
ªD D D D º
ª    º « D »
D D
V\PPHWULF««    »» XSSHUWULDQJXODU «    »

«  D  D  »
«¬    »¼ « »
¬    D  ¼

ª D   º
«D D   »
ORZHUWULDQJXODU «   »
«D  D  D   »
« »
D D
¬   D  D  ¼ 6
WHAT IS A MATRIX?
| A matrix is usually given a “name” so that it can
be referred to easily, e.g.

ª   º
X «   »
« »
«¬    »¼
| By referring to ;we are therefore referring to the
table of numbers contained within ;
| By convention, the name of the matrix is either
underlined or in bold

7
DIMENSION OF A MATRIX

| The dimension of a matrix is determined by the


number of its rows and the number of its columns
3 columns

ª   º
X «   » 3 rows
« »
«¬    »¼
GLP X  u 
| In general, for a matrix with m rows and n
columns
GLP X P u Q
8
DIMENSION OF A MATRIX
Matrix $ has dimension 4x4
ª   º
«   »
A « »
«   »
« » Matrix % has dimension 3x4
¬   ¼

ª    º
B «    »
« »
«¬    »¼
Thus, the dimension of a matrix is determined by its number
of rows and columns

GLP X QXPEHURIURZV u QXPEHURIFROXPQV 9


THE SUBSCRIPT OF A MATRIX ELEMENT
| The subscript of a matrix element indicates its
position in the matrix

ª [ [ [QQ º


«[ [QQ »
X « 
[
» [LM
« »
« »
¬ [P [P  [PQ ¼

| The i indicates the row position


| The j indicates the column position

10
IDENTITY MATRIX
Identity matrix is a diagonal matrix where all elements of the main diagonal
are equal to 1

Identity matrix has properties similar to unity. That is

> , @> $@ > $ @> , @ > $@


11
TRANSPOSED MATRIX
| The transpose of a matrix $, is written as $7 LQVRPH
ERRNVLWPLJKWEHZULWWHQDV $¶ 

| When a matrix is transposed,


y its rows becomes the columns of the transposed matrix
y its columns become the rows of the transposed matrix

| E.g. then ª º
«  »
ª    º AT « »
A «    »
¬ ¼ « »
« »
¬ ¼
GLP A PuQ GLP A T QuP 12
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF MATRICES

| Matrices can only be added or subtracted if their


dimensions are equal
| If dim($) = dim(%), then

AB DLM  ELM AB DLM  ELM

| If dim($) = dim(%) = dim(&), then

ABC DLM  ELM  FLM ABC DLM  ELM  FLM

13
ADDITION OF MATRICES
| Commutative Law is true (position of the
matrices with respect to the mathematical
operation does not matter)
AB BA

| Associative Law is true (the order of the


mathematical operation does not matter)

A + B + C = (A + B) + C = A + (B + C)

14
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION (EPL EXAMPLE)

Home games
W D L
Man United 3 0 0
Man City 3 0 0
Chelsea 3 0 0

Away games
W D L
Man United 2 1 0
Man City 2 1 0
Chelsea 1 1 1

15
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION (EPL EXAMPLE)

| Let the home games matrix be +


| Let the away games matrix be $

| Then the overall match record, represented by 2,


is given by:

O= H+A

ª  º ª   º ª   º
O «  »  «   » «   »
« » « » « »
«¬  »¼ «¬    »¼ «¬    »¼

16
MULTIPLICATION BY A SCALAR

| A scalar is a non-matrix value


| Matrices can be multiplied by scalars

| The dimensions of the matrices do not matter

| Suppose D is a scalar and $ is a matrix

| Then

D A D DLM

| Similarly

D A  E B  J C D DLM  E ELM  J FLM


17
THE ZERO MATRIX

| The zero matrix is a matrix with all elements


equal to zero
| It is the result of the subtraction of 2 equal
matrices
| E.g.

ª   º ª  º ª  º
«   »   «   » «  »
¬ ¼ ¬ ¼ ¬ ¼
Zero Matrix

18
MULTIPLICATION OF MATRICES
| If matrix $ has dim(m x n) and matrix % has
dim(n x p), then the product is a matrix & $%
which has
dim(m x p)
| The multiplication can only be made if $ has the
same number of columns as the number of rows
of matrix %
| The elements of the matrix & is given by:

FLN DLEN  DL E N  DL EN   DLQ EQN


Q

¦D E
M 
LM MN

19
MULTIPLICATION OF MATRICES (EXAMPLE)

ª  º
ª   º « » ª u    u    u   u    u    u º
«    » «   » «  u    u    u   u    u    u »
¬ ¼   ¬ ¼
«¬ »¼
 u   u   u 
ª   º
«  »
¬ ¼

20
MULTIPLICATION OF MATRICES (EXAMPLE)

ª  º
ª   º « » ª u    u    u   u    u    u º
«    » «   » «  u    u    u   u    u    u »
¬ ¼   ¬ ¼
«¬ »¼
 u   u   u 
ª   º
«  »
¬ ¼

21
MULTIPLICATION OF MATRICES (EXAMPLE)

ª  º
ª   º « » ª u    u    u   u    u    u º
«    » «   » «  u    u    u   u    u    u »
¬ ¼   ¬ ¼
«¬ »¼
 u   u   u 
ª   º
«  »
¬ ¼

22
MULTIPLICATION OF MATRICES (EXAMPLE)
ª  º
ª    º« » ª u    u    u   u    u    u º
«    » «   «  u    u    u   u    u    u »
¬ ¼  » ¬ ¼
«¬ »¼
 u   u   u 
ª   º
«  »
¬ ¼
| Note: The elements of each row of the left matrix
is multiplied into the elements of each column of
the right matrix and added
| The dimension of the resultant matrix is given by
the number of rows of the left matrix and the
number of columns of the right matrix 23
MULTIPLICATION OF MATRICES

| The position of the matrices matter, i.e. the


multiplication of matrices is non commutative
| In general, AB z BA

| Multiplication of matrices is associative AB C = A BC

| Multiplication of matrices is distributive

A  B C AC + BC

24
THE INVERSE MATRIX

If matrix [A] is square and nonsingular, there is another matrix >$@,


Called the inverse of [A], for which

>$@>$@ >$@> $@ > , @

The inverse matrix for a 2x2 matrix can be given as:

  ª D   D  º
>$@ «
D D   D  D  ¬ D  D  »¼

25

Details will be covered in Chapter 11


MATRIX-VECTOR MULTIPLICATION
| A common occurrence is the product: Ax

where $ is a matrix and [ is a vector

ª [ º
«[ »
ª D Q º
DQ
« »
A « » x
« »
« » « »
«¬ DP DPQ »¼ ¬ [Q ¼

GLP A PuQ GLP x Q u

GLP Ax P u
26
APPLICATION OF MATRIX MULTIPLICATION
W D L
Man United 5 1 0
Man City 5 1 0
Chelsea 4 1 1

ª   º
«   »
| Let the “data” matrix be: X
« »
«¬    »¼

ª: º ª º
s «'» « »
| Let the “scores” vector be: « » « »
«¬ / »¼ «¬»¼
27
28
APPLICATION OF MATRIX MULTIPLICATION
| Then, the points that each team has is given by:

P = Xs

| That is,

ª    º ª º ª u    u    u  º ªº
P «   » « » « u    u    u  » «»
« »« » « » « »
«¬    »¼ «¬»¼ «¬  u    u    u  »¼ «¬»¼

29

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