1.

0 GENERAL

1.1 General

This calculation is prepared to check the Bored Pile Capacity for Cinyemeh River, Cilacap

1.2 Design Code and references

- ACI-318 2014: Building Code Requirement for Reinforce Concrete

- Principles of Foundation Engineering, 6th Edition, Braja M. Das, Thomson Learning, 2007
- Pile Design and Construction Practice, 5th Edition, M. Tomlinson, John Woodward, 2008
- FHWA-IF-99-025: Drilled Shafts: Construction Procedures and Design Methods
- Design Manual for Road and Bridges, Volume 2, Section 1, Part 8, BD 74/00, Foundations
- Steel, Concrete and Composite Bridges , Part 4, BS 5400-4: 1990

1.3 Design Data

1) Pile
- Type = Bored Pile
- Dimension, D = 600 mm
- Modulus of Elasticity, Ec = 25000 Mpa
2
- Pile Section, Ap = 0.28 m

2) Concrete
- Compressive strength of concrete, fc' = 30 Mpa
3
- Specific gravity of RC concrete, γc = 25 kN/m
- Modulus of Elasticity, 4700 √fc' Ec = 25000 Mpa

3) Reinforcing Steel Bar for Main Reinforcement

- Use deformed rebar conform to SNI 07-2052-2002 BJTD 50

- Yield strength, fy = 390 Mpa
- Modulus of Elasticity, Es = 2.E+05 Mpa
 4) Reinforcing Steel Bar for Shear Reinforcement

- Use deformed rebar conform to SNI 07-2052-2002 BJTD 40

- Yield strength, fy = 390 Mpa
- Modulus of Elasticity, Es = 2.E+05 Mpa
- Cover for concrete protection, C = 75 mm

1.4 Design Criteria

- Factor of Safety for End Bearing, Fsbearing = 3.0

- Factor of Safety for Skin Friction, Fsfriction = 3.0
- Factor of Safety for Lateral Load, Fslateral = 2.5
2.0 GEOTECHNICAL PILE CAPACITY

2.1 CPT S-15A (Refer to Soilens' Report)

2.1.1 Subsoil Condition

BH-8A Pile Length = 30 m G.W.T (m) = -3.3
Depth of Layer (m) γ
2)
N3) N604) Su5)
from to center Soil Type1) (kN/m3) (blow) (blow) (kPa)
0.00 -4.15 -2.08 Cohesionless 16.70 11 11 48.40
-4.15 -8.15 -6.15 Cohesionless 19.20 14 14 61.60
-8.15 -18.15 -13.15 Cohesive 15.80 5 5 22.00
-18.15 -22.15 -20.15 Cohesive 16.20 20 20 88.00
-22.15 -28.15 -25.15 Cohesive 15.80 34 34 149.60
-28.15 -32.15 -30.15 Cohesive 15.20 52 52 228.80
-32.15 -36.15 -34.15 Cohesive 16.20 43 43 189.20
-36.15 -46.15 -41.15 Cohesive 16.20 44 44 193.60
-46.15 -50.15 -48.15 Cohesive 16.20 62 62 272.80
-50.15 0.00 -25.08 0 0.00
0.00 0.00 0 0.00
0.00 0.00 0 0.00

Cohesive 16.00 1254.00

Note:

1) "Cohesive" = clay or plastic sily, "Cohesionless" = sand, gravel or non-plastic silt

2) SPT N-value obtained from the field test

3) Corrected for hammer energy without overburden pressure correction

N60 = (ER/60) x N where, ER = SPT energy ratio = 60%

3) Cohesion of sc(take minimum value from following two equations)

K x N, where K = 4.4 kPa (Stroud, 1974)
29 x N0.7 (Hara et al, 1971)
2.1.2 Allowable Compression Capacity (Reese and O'Neill, 1999)

1) Base Resistance for Compression Loading

a) Cohesive soil

qmax = Nc* x su = 1722.6 kpa

where, Nc* = bearing capacity factor = 9

6.50 at su = 24 kPa
8.00 at su = 48 kPa
9.00 at su > 25 kPa

su = average undrained shear strength between the base of the pile and
an elevation 2B below the base
= 191.40 kPa

b) Cohesionless soil

qmax = 57.5 N60 = 0 kPa

where, N60 = average SPT blow count between the base of the pile and
an elevation 2B below the base for condition which approximately
60 percent of the potential energy of hammer is transferred
2) Side Resistance for Compression Loading

a) Cohesive soil

fmax = α x su

where, α = a dimensionless correction coefficient defined as follows:

α= 0 between the ground surface and a depth of 1.5 m or to the
depth of seasonal moisture change, whichever is deeper
α= 0 for a distance of B (the diameter of the base) above the base
α = 0.55 for su / pa < 1.5 (Mpa)
α = 0.55 - 0.1 (su/ Pa - 1.5) for 1.5 < su / pa < 2.5 (Mpa)
Pa =the atmospheric pressure in the units being used
(e.g., 101 kPa in the SI system).

b) Cohesionless soil

fmax = ϐ x σ'v

where, σ'v = vertical effective stress at the middle of layer

ϐ = dimensionless correction factor defined as follows:

in sands
0.5
ϐ = 1.5 - 0.245 z for N60 > 15B / 0.3 m
0.5
ϐ = (N60/15) x (1.5 - 0.245 z ) for N60 < 15B / 0.3 m
in gravelly sands or gravels
0.75
ϐ = 2.0 - 0.15 z for N60 > 15B / 0.3 m
ϐ = (N60/15) x (1.5 - 0.245 z0.5) for N60 < 15B / 0.3 m
where, z = vertical distance from the ground surface to the middle
of layer (in meters)
 Layer N60 Su σ'v fmax Thick 1) As Qs
No. (blow) (kPa) ϐ (kPa) α (kPa) (m) (m2) (kN)
1 11 48.40 0.84 34.7 0.55 29.1 3.00 5.7 164.8
2 14 61.60 0.83 90.1 0.55 75.1 4.00 7.5 566.0
3 5 22.00 0.20 111.1 0.55 12.1 10.00 18.8 228.1
4 20 88.00 0.53 161.1 0.55 48.4 4.00 7.5 364.9
5 34 149.60 0.27 183.0 0.55 82.3 6.00 11.3 930.6
6 52 228.80 0.15 194.9 0.47 108.3 4.00 7.5 816.8
7 43 189.20 0.07 250.6 0.51 97.0 3.00 5.7 548.5
8
9
10
11
12

SUM 3619.7

1)
Note: Thickness of layer

3) Allowable compression capacity

Qall = (qmax x Ap)/ Fsbearing + Qs/ Fsfriction = 1369 kN

2.1.3 Allowable Tension Capacity (Reese and O'Neill, 1999)

1) Base Resistance for Uplift Loading

a) Cohesive soil

1)
qmax uplift = 0 kpa

Note: 1) qmax should be taken as zero for uplift loading unless experience or load testing at
the construction site can show that suction between the bottom of the drilled shaft
and the soil can be predicted reliably or the drilled shaft has a bell.

2) Side Resistance for Uplift Loading

1)
fmax uplift = ψ x fmax compression

where, ψ = 1.00 for Cohesive soil

ψ = 0.75 for Cohesionless soil

Soil Type Qs ψ Ts
(kN) (kN)
Cohesionless 164.8 0.75 123.6
Cohesionless 566.0 0.75 424.5
Cohesive 228.1 1.00 228.1
Cohesive 364.9 1.00 364.9
Cohesive 930.6 1.00 930.6
Cohesive 816.8 1.00 816.8
Cohesive 548.5 1.00 548.5

sum = 3437.0

3) Allowable Tension Capacity

Tall = (Tp + Ts)/ Fsfriction = 1145.7 kN

2.1.4 Allowable Lateral Load Capacity (Broms' Method)

1) Coefficient of horizontal subgrade reaction

1)
a) General soil type : Cohesionless

Note: 1) Determine the general soil type within the critical depth below the ground
surface (about 4 or 5 pile diameters).

b) Average soil parameter with the critical depth

su = 48.40 kPa for Cohesive soil

φ = 29.8 deg for Cohesionless soil

1)
where, φ = Internal friction angle correleted by Ozaki's equation

0.5
Note: 1) φ = (20 N) + 15
c) Coefficient of horizontal subgrade reaction, Kh

3
Kh = n1 x n2 x 80 x qu / b = 5343 kN/m for Cohesive oil

where, qu = Unconfined compressive strength = 2 su = 96.8 kPa

b = Width or diameter of pile = 0.6 m

n1 = Empirical coefficients dependent on qu = 0.36

= 0.32 for less than 48 kPa
= 0.36 for 48 to 191 kPa
= 0.40 for more than 191 kPa

n2 = Empirical coefficient dependent on pile material

= 1.15
= 1.00 for steel
= 1.15 for concrete
= 1.30 for wood

Kh = 1900 kN/m3 for Cohesionless oil

where, above ground water

3
Kh = 1900 kN/m for loose density
3
= 8143 kN/m for medium density
3
= 17644 kN/m for dense density

below ground water

3
Kh = 1086 kN/m for loose density
3
= 5429 kN/m for medium density
3
= 10857 kN/m for dense density
2) Pile Parameters

a) Modulus of elasticity, E = 25000 Mpa

b) Moment of inertia, I = 0.0064 m4

c) Section modulus, S = 0.0212 m3

d) Embedded pile length, D = 30 m

e) Diameter or width, b = 0.6 m

f) Ultimate compression strength for concrete, f'c = 30 Mpa

g) Eccentricity of applied load for free-headed piles, ec = 0

h) Resisting moment of pile for concrete piles, My = f'c S = 636.2 kN-m

3) Dimensionless length factor

a) Stiffness factor

0.25 -1
βh = ( Kh b / 4EI ) = 0.27 m for Cohesive oil

0.20 -1
η = (Kh / EI) = 0.4125 m for Cohesionless oil

b) Length factor

βh D = 7.99 for Cohesive oil

ηD = 12.38 for Cohesionless oil

4) Determine if the pile is long or short

a) Cohesive soil: long pile

where, βh D > 2.25 (long pile)

βh D < 2.25 (short pile)

b) Cohesionless soil: long pile

where, η D > 4.0 (long pile)

η D < 2.0 (short pile)
2.0 < η D < 4.0 (intermediate pile)

→ Soil type: Cohesionless

→ Pile type: long pile
5) Soil parameters

cu = 48.40 kPa for cohesive soil

where, cu = cohesion for cohesive soil

Kp = 2.9798 for cohesionless soil

2
where, Kp = Rankine passive earth pressure coefficient = tan (45+φ/2)

6) Ultimate lateral load (Cohesionless, long pile)

a) For Cohesive soil

My/cub3 = 60.852
ec/b = 0
Qu/cub2 = from the chart
Qu = 0 kN

b) For Cohesionless soil

4
My/Kpγb = 85.798
3
where, γ = 19.20 kN/m
ec/b = 0
4
Qu/Kpγb = 67.5 from the chart (fixed-head)
= 51.4 from the chart (free-head)

Qu = 500 kN (fixed-head)
= 381 kN (fixed-head)
Broms's solution for ultimate lateral resistance of long piles
(a) in sand (b) in clay
Reference: Braja M. Das (page 465)
 7) Allowable lateral load capacity

Hu = 500 kN (fixed-head)
= 381 kN (free-head)

Hall = Hu / FSlateral = 200 kN (fixed-head)

= 152 kN (free-head)

2.1.5 Result for pile capacity

1) Pile Capacity for Axial Compression, Pall = 1300 kN

2) Pile Capacity for Axial Tension, Tall = 1100 kN

3) Pile Capacity for Lateral Force, Hall = 200 kN (fixed-head)

150 kN (free-head)
3.0 STRUCTURAL DESIGN

3.1 Data

- Pile diameter D = 600 mm

- Concrete strength, fc' = 30 Mpa

- Steel yield strength, fy = 390 Mpa

- Main reinforcement

diameter d1 = 25 mm

Area As = 490.9 mm2

- Transverse reinforcement
diameter d2 = 13 mm
2
Area As = 132.7 mm
spacing s = mm

- Concrete cover d' = 88.00 mm

3.2 Moment

1) Moment due to out of position during construction = 75 mm tolerance

M1 = 0.075 Pall = 97.5 kNm

2) Bending moment of pile due to horizontal load

(by using elastic method, Reese & Matlock in Tomlinson fifth edition)

1/5
T = (EI/nh) = 2.0 m

3
nh = 5000 kN/m [medium dense condition]

Length of Pile Fixity, Ls = 1.8 T = 3.6 m

M2 = 368 kNm

3) Momen ultimate

Mu = LF x (M1 + M2) = 558 kNm

where, LF = Load factor = 1.20

3.3 Axial Load

1) Maximum axial load

Pu = LF x Pall = 1560 Kn

where, LF = Load factor = 1.20

 (This calculation follow Example 6.5 from Pile Design and Construction Practice,
Michael Tomlinson and John Woodward, Fifth Edition)

x(m) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
z = x/T 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.51 5.01 5.51 6.01 6.51
Fy 0.94 0.90 0.72 0.55 0.36 0.38 0.10 0.03 0.00 -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.00
yF (mm) 9.4 9.0 7.2 5.5 3.6 3.8 1.0 0.3 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.0
Fm -0.92 -0.45 -0.06 0.19 0.27 0.25 0.24 0.10 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
MF (kNm) -368 -180 -24 76 108 100 96 40 20 0 0 0 0 0

Moment - Depth relation based on elastic mehod

-400 -200 0 200

0
-2
-4
Depth (m)

-6
-8
-10
-12
-14
Moment (kNm)
3.4 Longitudinal Reinforcement

1) Required steel ratio, ρ

- PCA Column = 1.42 %

- 0.3% Ac = 0.30 % [BD 74/00: C9]

- Minimum of 6 bars = 1.04 % [BD 74/00: C9]

- 0.15N/fy = 0.21 % [BD 74/00: C9]

- Govern = 1.42 %

2) Reinforcement for top 12 m of pile

- Bar diameter = 25 mm

- No. of bars = 10

- Ratio = 1.74 % OK

3) Reinforcement for rest of pile

- Govern = 1.04 %

- Bar diameter = 25 mm

- No. of bars = 10

2
- Area of steel = 4909 mm

- Ratio = 1.74 % OK
Column interaction diagram from PCA Column Output
3.5 Stress Check

- Working Load Axial N = 1300 kN

2
- Concrete compressive strength fc' = 30 N/mm

2
- Actual stress = N/A σ1 = 4.6 N/mm

Permissible service stress < 25% of specified cube strength [BS8004:7.4.4.3]

2
- 25/100 x fc' σ2 = 7.5 N/mm > σ1 OK

3.6 Ultimate Load Check

As per BS8110, Part 1 - 1997, The ultimate axial load should not exceed the value of "N" given by:

N = 0.35 fc' Ac + 0.7 Asc fy

2
- Steel yield strength, fy = 390 N/mm

- No of rebar n = 10

2
- Area of steel Asc = 4909 mm

- Ultimate axial load N = 4309 kN

- Allowable axial load Nall = 3591 kN [divided by LF = 1.20 ]

- Applied axial load Napp = 1300 kN OK

3.7 Thermal cracking check

- Minimum effective area of anchored longitudinal bar (As)

2
As =(fct*/fy)Ac As = 1469 mm

fct = 0.37 √fc' = 2.03 [BD 74/00:C7]

2
As provided = 4909 mm OK

- Minimum effective area of anchored longitudinal bar at cracked shear section (As)

2
As =(V/0.73fy) + (1.15T/fy) = 1054 mm [BD 74/00:C7]

Factored shear force V = 300 kN

Factored tension force T = 0 kN

2
As provided = 4909 mm OK
3.8 Shear Reinforcement

1) Check Shear Stress

2
- Steel yield strength for strirrup, fy = 390 N/mm

- Applied shear force = 200

2
- Applied normal force = 1300 mm

- Factored shear force V = 300 kN [factored by LF = 1.50 ]

- Factored normal force N = 1560 kN [factored by LF = 1.20 ]

- Centroid of tension zone c = 113 mm

- Effective depth d = 413 mm

2
- Shear stress = V/bd ν = 1.2 N/mm

- Max permissible stress is the minimum of

2 2
0.75√fc' = 23 N/mm or 4.75 N/mm

2 2
Therefore, ν = 1.2 N/mm < 4.75 N/mm OK
2) Shear stress criteria

- Calculating the factor

1/4
ξs = greater of (500/d) or 0.7 = 1.05 [BS 5400: 5.3.3]

γm = 1.25 [BS 5400: 5.3.3]

2
- Shear stress in concrete νc = 0.81 N/mm [BS 5400: 5.3.3]

2
ξs νc = 0.85 N/mm

(1+0.05N/Ac) = 1.28

2
ξ s νc * = 1.08 N/mm

- Shear reinforcement criteria [BD 74/00: C6]

2
Case 3 govern ν = 1.21 N/mm
3) Required steel area (Asv)

For the rest of piles:

- Minimum reinforcement (Asv min

2
= 0.71 mm / mm

- Diameter of stirrups d = 13 mm

- Spacing sv = 200 mm

- No. of legs n = 2

2
- Area of steel Asv provided = 1.33 mm / mm OK

For the top of 12 m of piles:

- Criteria 3 reinforcement (Asv)

= 0.65 mm2/ mm

- Diameter of stirrups d = 13 mm

- Spacing sv = 200 mm

- No. of legs n = 2

2
- Area of steel Asv = 1.33 mm / mm OK