MINI PROJECT REPORT

WORKING OF HYDRALIC PRESS

Submitted By
Sai Kishore Redla

Section - EE029 Course Code - MEC402

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY

PHAGWARA, PUNJAB (INDIA) -144402
2018-19
 INDEX

1 Abstract

2 Introduction

3 Working principle

4 Applications

Advantages and Disadvantages

5
Conclusion
6
7 References
 ABSTRACT

A hydraulic press is a machine using a hydraulic cylinder

to generate a compressive force. Frame and cylinder are
the main components of the hydraulic press. In this
project press frame and cylinder are designed by design
procedure. Using the optimum resources possible in
designing the hydraulic press components can effect
reduction in the cost by optimizing the weight of material
utilized for building the structure. An attempt has been
made in this direction to reduce the volume of material.
So in this paper consideration for an industrial
application consisting of mass minimization of frame
type hydraulic press.
 INTRODUCTION

A hydraulic press is a device (see machine press) using a

hydraulic cylinder to generate a compressive force.It uses
the hydraulic equivalent of a mechanical lever, and was
also known as a Bramah press after the inventor, Joseph
Bramah, of England. He invented and was issued a
patent on this press in 1795.
A hydraulic press is a machine using a hydraulic cylinder
to generate a compressive force. Frame, hydraulic
cylinder and press table are the main components of the
hydraulic press. Hence a hydraulic press is a machine
that makes use of the pressure exerted on the fluids to
crush, straighten or mould. The concept of the hydraulic
press is based on Pascal's theory, which states that when
pressure is applied on fluids in an enclosed system, the
pressure throughout the system always remains constant.
In hydraulic press, the force generation, transmission and
amplification are achieved using fluid under pressure.
The liquid system exhibits the characteristics of a solid
and provides a very positive and rigid medium of power
transmission and amplification. In a simple application, a
smaller piston transfers fluid under high pressure to a
cylinder having a larger piston area, thus amplifying the
force. There is easy transmissibility of large amount of
energy with practically unlimited force amplification.
 WORKING PRINCIPLE
A hydraulic press is a machine that uses pressurized
liquid to create force. These machines are composed of a
simple cylinder and piston mechanism. The press
consists of a large cylinder, with a large piston, and a
small cylinder and a small piston. The large cylinder and
the small cylinder are connected to one another by means
of a pipe. The two cylinders, and the pipe connecting
them, are filled with a liquid. At this point, the function
of the hydraulic press depends on Pascal's Principle.
Pascal's Principle states that when pressure is added to a
liquid at rest, there is an identical increase in pressure at
all points.
Applying this principle to the hydraulic press means that
any force that is added to the piston in the smaller
cylinder will be transferred to the piston in the larger
cylinder, in a proportionally increased level of force. This
allows a hydraulic press to produce a great deal of force
from the application of a small amount of force to the
small piston. The increase of the force produced by the
larger piston is proportionally larger than the force
exerted on the small piston.
The amount of increase depends on the ratio of the sizes
of the pistons. The ratio of the areas of the two pistons is
multiplied by the amount of force applied to the small
piston to determine the amount of force that the large
piston can produce. For example, if the ratio of the sizes
of the two pistons is 10, and the amount of force applied
to the small piston is 50 N, the amount of force that the
large piston will produce is 500 N.
The force applied on the fluids by the smaller cylinder
results in a larger force when pushed in the master
cylinder. The hydraulic press is mostly used for industrial
purposes where a large pressure is required for
compressing metals into thin sheets. An industrial
hydraulic press uses the material to be worked upon
along with the help of the press plates to crush or punch
the material into a thin sheet.
 APPLICATIONS
Hydraulic presses are commonly used for forging,
moulding, blanking, punching, deep drawing, and metal
forming operations. With the growth and importance of
light-weighting in the aerospace and automotive industry,
more applications are present in Thermoplastics,
Composites, SMC Sheet Molded Composites, RTM
Resin Transfer Molding, GMT Glass Mat Transfer and
Carbon Fiber Molding. All of these applications require
precise control and repeat-ability.
End users in many cases need to record data of every
press stroke to assure parts meet compliance issues. With
I-PRESS Connected Enterprise, users can download and
store part to part information that includes, press
position, tonnage, speeds, temperatures, automation
location, in-feed of material, part exit and more.
With the ongoing surge towards light-weight parts for
aerospace, automotive appliances and many other
industries, Servo Hydraulic and Hydraulic presses have
become a key tool for the Thermoplastic Industries.
Otherwise known as compression molding presses,
control of speed, pressures, position, heating and cooling
mould temperatures can be managed with the I-PRESS
HYDRO controller for press and automation functions
 Advantages of Hydraulic Presses
The mechanical press has been the first choice of many
press users for years. The training of tool and die makers
and manufacturing engineers in North America has been
oriented toward applying mechanical presses to sheet-
metal pressworking. Modern hydraulic presses offer
good performance and reliability. Widespread application
of other types of hydraulic power equipment in
manufacturing requires maintenance technicians who
know how to service hydraulic components. New fast
acting valves, electrical components, and more efficient
hydraulic circuits have enhanced the performance
capability of hydraulic presses.

Hydraulic Press Limitations

The fastest hydraulic press is slower than a mechanical
press designed for high-speed operation. For example,
the high speeds together with short stroke and feed
progressions used for electrical terminal production favor
the use of mechanical presses.
 CONCLUSION
It is a multi-purpose machine as it can be used for
performing different tasks. By changing the die different
operation like bending, blanking etc. can be performed
on a hydraulic press machine. The design has main focus
on reducing operator fatigue and increase safety,
improving the flexibility and makes operation more
convenient, and to achieve dimensional and positional
accuracy. Components of press are designed to avoid
bending failure due to applied load. Mild steel is selected
as material based on its properties such as high bending
& tensile strength, it compatibility with operation like
machining, welding, finishing, cutting etc. and cost as
economic factor.

REFERENCES
1. Bhandari, V.B. (2009), “Design of Machine element”,
Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
2. Khurmi, R.S. and Gupta, J.K. (2005), “A Textbook of
Machine Design”, Eurasia Publication House (P.V.T.)
Ltd. 14th Edition.
3. R.K. Bansal, Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic
Machines, Edn. 8, Laxmi Publications P.Ltd., 22 Golden
House, Daryaganj, New Delhi.