Measurement While Drilling
Overview
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MWD Functions
Real-time surveying
Wellbore positioning
Directional Drilling
Real-time formation measurement
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transmission
Correlation
Geology
Petrophysics
Geosteering
Real-time drilling mechanics data
2 Initials Help Drilling process
Schlumberger MWD Systems
Hole
sizes
SlimPulse From 4 ¾” to 30”
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Impulse From 5 ½” to 7 ¼”
PowerPulse From 7 ¾” to 30”
3 Initials
Schlumberger MWD Systems
(Services)
Transmission
MWD Systems Rate Combinability Remarks
(Bit per second)
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ARC (gamma/resistivity) Retrievable
SLIMPulse 0.5
AIM (inclination)-PWD Battery powered
Combine both MWD and
IMPulse 0.5 - 3 ADN4 (Neutron/density) ARC
Turbine powered
PowerPulse 0.5 -16 All LWD tools Turbine powered
4 Initials
MWD Surveying – Is it important?
(1)
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While Drilling......... We want to
1- Control the position of wellbore versus Geological model
2- React when unexpected events are encountered
3- Anticipate unexpected structural events
5 Initials
WELL
Well 13/5-6 - A-4 H
Magnetic Parameters
MWD Surveying – Is it important?
FIELD
15/5 and 15/6 Area
Surface Location
STRUCTURE
Miscellaneous
Glitne
(2)
Model: BGGM 2000 Lat: N58 42 44.251 Lon: E1 40 5.641 Slot: Slot A-4 H Plan# : A4H rev9 160101
Dip: 71.719° Mag Dec: -3.592° North: 6508932.00 m East: 422849.00 m Elev Ref: Platform Elevation(25.00m above MSL)
Date: December 22, 2000 FS: 50166.9 nT Grid Conv: -1.1381° Scale Fact:0.9997 Date Drawn: 06:16:00PM 30-Jan-2001
-1200 -1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800
400 A-2 AH Survey SPIDER VIEW
1600
400
A-3 H Plan
A-1 H Survey Scale (1 cm = 100 m) 1500
1400
NORTH >>>
1300
12
200 00
200
2100
77
21
2000
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1900
0 0
1600
1700
1800
1600
1500
1400
1300
1200
1700
1800
Default Color
Main
19
00
Proposal
Survey
-200 20
00
A-2 H Pilot Survey -200
2325
2300
2100 2200
00
-400 -400
21
00 1300
21
<<< SOUTH
00
00
20
20 1400
000
19
15
00
1800
16
00
1700
-600 A4H Plan -600
-1200 -1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800
<<< WEST EAST >>>
X &Y uncertainties Z uncertainty
6 Initials
MWD Surveying – D&I Package
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3 magnetometers 3 accelerometers
7 Initials
MWD Surveying – Affected by?
Magnetic data affected by any magnetic interferences
•Bottom Hole assembly
•Nearby casing
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•Magnetic storms
Inclinometer data affected by:
•Accuracy limit
•Surveying procedures
8 Initials
The telemetry – Data transmission
(1)
The mud pulse system
• by the Drilling MUD
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– MUD PULSE (positive or
negative)
– MUD SIREN
9 Initials
The telemetry – Data transmission
Mud
(2)
Pressure
Positive Pulse: 1 BPS
Time
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Mud
Pressure
POWERPULSE
Continuous wave:
0.5 to 16 Bits Per Second
Time
Mud
Pressure
Negative Pulse: 2
BPS
10 Initials
Time
The telemetry – Data transmission
(3)
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11 Initials
The telemetry – Data transmission
(4) MWD+CDR+CDN
Frame # 24
Bits
Sync/ID/Err 27
CODING PROTOCOLE: gtf 8
PHSF_x 10
RHOS_x 10
RHOL_x 10
Typical data is 6 to12 bits per “word” TNRA_x 10
PERA_x 9
Length of one “word” depends on the number
ATTN_x 10
gtf 8
GRT_x 8
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tur_rpm 7
and the complexity of the data to transmit PHSF_x 10
RHOS_x 10
Usual transmission priority is MWD then LWD RHOL_x
TNRA_x
10
10
gtf 8
data PERA_x 9
CDRSK_x 2
shock_I 8
Frame # 24 : ATTN_x
GRT_x
10
8
PHSF_x 10
3 bits per second RHOS_x 10
gtf 8
Programmed before the job RHOL_x 10
TNRA_x 10
Depends on transmission mode ATTN_x
3 bps UPDATE
10
Secs
gtf 22
Adjusted to expected ROP for optimum RT PHSF_x
RHOS_x
29
29
sampling rate RHOL_x 29
TNRA_x 29
PERA_x 29
May be changed while drilling (depending on ATTN_x 44
GRT_x 44
12 Initials
contractors) shock_I 87
tur_rpm 87
CDRSK_x 87
MWD – Surface acquisition
A signal Pressure transducer senses pressure differences
•Sensed pressures are decoded with
the Acquisition System
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•MWD Engineers QC
transmission and data
•Data is displayed on screen,
And on paper Logs in the unit
•And
potentially
In Cutomer’s
office
13 Initials
Signal Demodulation Principles
Type of signals
– Downhole (MWD-Motor..)
– Uphole (Pumps-Rig..)
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– Echoes & Reflections
– Electrical Noise
Characteristics
– Frequencies
– Attenuation
– Direction
SNR = Signal Power/Bit
Noise Power
14 Initials
SLIMPusle Retrievable MWD Tool (1)
Schlumberger Private
Adaptable in different collar sizes from 3 ½” to 9 ½”
Covers flow ranges between 35 and 1200 GPM
Transmission rate of 0.5 BPS
Current MWD tool in use in Noyabrsk
15 Initials
SLIMPusle Retrievable MWD Tool (2)
Measures:
Direction and Inclination
Toolface
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Shock
Optional gamma ray
Can be combined with:
AIM (at Bit Inclination) and APWD
(Annuallar pressure) or
ARC 375, 475, 675 (multidepth resistivity a
Gamma ray
16 Initials
IMPusle Tool (1)
Schlumberger Private
Tool size of 4 ¾” to be run in holes between 5 ½” to
7 ¼”
Combine both MWD and ARC Services
Transmission rate between 0.5 and 3 BPS
Flow ranges between 130 to 400 GPM
Used in conjunction with PowerDrive475 RSS
17 Initials
IMPusle Tool (2)
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Measures: Can be combined with:
Direction and Inclination AIM4 (at Bit Inclination)
Toolface VPWD (Annuallar pressure)
Shock Vision ADN4 (azimuthal density/Neutron)
Up to 10 Resistivities
Gamma ray
18 Initials
PowerPulse – MWD (1)
Measures:
Direction and Inclination MWD for 73/4 in. and larger hole sizes
Toolface MWD Collar sizes between 6 ¾” and 9 ½
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Multiple Shocks Fast data update at 0.5 to 16.0 bps
Gamma ray Flow ranges between 275 and 1200 GPM
Downhole weight on Bit
Downhole Torque Drilling Mechanics
Collar RPM
Turbine RPM
Temperature
19 Initials
PowerPulse – MWD (2)
Tool Name Measurements type Tool size Remarks
ARC Gamma ray 6 ¾”, 8 ¼”, 9 2 MHz and 400 KHz
½” propagation resistivity.
Multidepth resistivity
GVR (RAB) Azimuthal gamma 6 ¾”, 8” Laterolog tool
PowerPulse ray
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can be combined Bit resistivity
Highly focused
With all LWD Tools azimuthal resistivities
VADN (Vision Density, Neutron, 4 ¾”, 6 ¾”, 8” Azimuthal capability
Density Pef, ultrasonic caliper
Neutron)
ISONIC Delta-t 6 ¾”, 8” Monopole SONIC
tools
SMWD Check shots 5 ¾”, 8”
(seismic MWD)
NMR (Nuclear Free water 6 ¾”
Magnetic
Resonnance)
20 Initials
