Triangles Homothetic with the Intouch Triangle

by
Sava Grozdev, Hiroshi Okumura, and Deko Dekov

Abstract. We present problems for students and teachers about triangles homothetic with the Intouch triangle.
The problems were discovered by the computer program “Discoverer” created by the authors.

The Intouch triangle of a triangle ABC, also called the Contact triangle, is the triangle formed by the points of
tangency of the incircle of triangle ABC with triangle ABC. The Intouch triangle is also the Cevian triangle of
triangle ABC with respect to the Gergonne point. See also Contact triangle in [7].
We present problems for students and teachers about triangles homothetic with the Intouch triangle. The problems
are discovered by the computer program “Discoverer” [4], [5], created by the authors.
We denote the side lengths of triangle ABC by a = BC, b = CA and c = AB. We denote by PaPbPc the Intouch
triangle, by QaQbQc a triangle homothetic with the Intouch triangle, by X the center of the homothety, and by
XQa
k= the ratio (coefficient) of the homothety.
XPa
References for Problem 1: Excentral triangle, Mittenpunkt and Isogonal conjugate in [7], point X(57) Isogonal
Conjugate of the Mittenpunkt in [6].
Problem 1. The Intouch triangle PaPbPc is homothetic with the Excentral triangle QaQbQc. The center of the
homothety X is the Isogonal Conjugate of the Mittenpunkt. The ratio of the homothety k is
4abc
k= > 0.
(a + b − c)(b + c − a)(c + a − b)

Qb
C
Qa
Pb
Pa
X

A Pc B

Qc

Figure 1.
Figure 1 illustrates Problem 1.
Reference for Problem 2: Hexyl triangle in [7].
Problem 2. The Intouch triangle PaPbPc is homothetic with the Hexyl triangle QaQbQc. The center of the
homothety X is the Incenter. The ratio of the homothety k is
4abc
k=− < 0.
(a + b − c)(b + c − a)(c + a − b)
Figure 2 illustrates Problem 2.
References for Problem 3: The Circum-Incentral triangle is the Circum-cevian triangle of the Incenter. See Cir-
cumcevian Triangle in [7], and in [1], Chap.10.
Problem 3. The Intouch triangle PaPbOc is homothetic with the Circum-Incentral triangle QaQbQc. The center
of the homothety X is the External Center of Similitude of Circumcircle and Incircle. The ratio of the homothety k
is
2abc
k= > 0.
(a + b − c)(b + c − a)(c + a − b)

Mathematical Reflections 2 (2018) 1

 Qc

Pb Pa
X

A Pc B

Qb
Qa

Figure 2.

C
Qb
Pb
Qa
X Pa

A Pc B

Qc

Figure 3.

Figure 3 illustrates Problem 3.

References for Problem 4: The Circum-Excentral triangle is the Circum-anticevian triangle of the Incenter. See
Circum-anticevian triangle in [1], Chap.10.
Problem 4. The Intouch triangle PaPbPc is homothetic with the Circum-Excentral triangle QaQbQc. The center
of the homothety X is the External Center of Similitude of Circumcircle and Incircle. The ratio of the homothety k
is
2abc
k=− < 0.
(a + b − c)(b + c − a)(c + a − b)
Figure 4 illustrates Problem 4.
References for Problem 5: Half-cevian triangles in [2], Nagel Point in [7].
Problem 5. The Intouch triangle PaPbPc is homothetic with the Half-cevian triangle of the Nagel point QaQbQc.
The center of the homothety X is the Centroid. The ratio of the homothety k is
1
k = − < 0.
2
Figure 5 illustrates Problem 5. In 5 Na is the Nagel point.
References for Problem 6: Nine-Point Center in [7], point X(942) Nine-Point Center of the Intouch Triangle in
[6].

Mathematical Reflections 2 (2018) 2

 Qc
C

Pb
Pa

A Pc B
Qa

Qb

Figure 4.
C

Pb

Qc Pa
X
Qa
Na
Qb
A Pc B

Figure 5.

Problem 6. The Intouch triangle PaPbPc is homothetic with the Triangle of Reflections of the Incenter in the
Sidelines of the Intouch Triangle QaQbQc. The center of the homothety X is the Nine-Point Center of the Intouch
Triangle. The ratio of the homothety k is
k = −1 < 0.

Qc
Pb
Pa
X
Qa
Qb

A Pc B
Figure 6.

Figure 6 illustrates Problem 6.

References for Problem 7: Spieker Center in [7], Complement in [7], point X(1125) Complement of the Spieker
Center in [6].
Problem 7. The Intouch triangle PaPbOc is homothetic with the Triangle of Reflections of the Spieker center in
the Sidelines of the Medial Triangle QaQbQc. The center of the homothety X is the Complement of the Spieker

Mathematical Reflections 2 (2018) 3

Center. The ratio of the homothety k is
k = −1 < 0.

C
Pb
Qc
Pa
Mb
Ma
X
Sp
Qa
A Mc Pc B
Qb

Figure 7.

Figure 7 illustrates Problem 7. In figure 7, MaMbMc is the Medial triangle, and S p is the Spieker center.
References for Problem 8: Nagel point in [7], Gergonne point in [7], Schiffler point in [7], point X(3616) Inter-
section of the line through the Centroid and the Incenter and the line through the Gergonne point and the Schiffler
point in [6].
Problem 8. The Intouch triangle PaPbPc is homothetic with the Triangle of Reflections of the Nagel Point in the
Sidelines of the Antimedial Triangle QaQbQc. The center of the homothety X is the Intersection of the line through
the Centroid and the Incenter and the line through the Gergonne point and the Schiffler point. The ratio of the
homothety k is
k = −4 < 0.

Qc

Mb C
Ma
Pb Pa
X
Na

A Pc B

Qa
Mc Qb

Figure 8.

Figure 8 illustrates Problem 8. In figure 8, MaMbMc is the Antimedial triangle, and Na is the Nagel point.
References for Problem 9: Nagel point in [7], de Longchamps Point in [7], Cevian Corner triangles in [3], and
point X(9943) Midpoint of the de Longchamps point of triangle ABC and the Orthocenter of the Intouch triangle.
Problem 9. The Intouch triangle PaPbPc is homothetic with the Triangle of the de Longchamps Points of the
Cevian Corner Triangles of the Nagel Point QaQbQc. The center of the homothety X is the midpoint of the de
Longchamps point of triangle ABC and the Orthocenter of the Intouch triangle. The ratio of the homothety k is
k = −1 < 0.
Figure 9 illustrates Problem 9. In figure 9,
• PaPbPc is the Intouch triangle,
• Na is the Nagel point,

Mathematical Reflections 2 (2018) 4

 C

Pb
Pa
Qc Ma
Mb
Na
X

A Mc Pc B
Qa
Qb

Figure 9.

• MaMbMc is the Extouch triangle, that is, the Cevian triangle of the Nagel point,
• Qa is the de Longchamps point of triangle AMbMc,
• Qb is the de Longchamps point of triangle BMcMa,
• Qc is the de Longchamps point of triangle CMaMb,
• QaQbQc is the Triangle of the de Longchamps Points of the Cevian Corner Triangles of the Nagel Point,
and
• X is the center of the homothety.
References for Problem 10: Excentral triangle in [7], Anticomplement in [7], point X(3340) Intersection of the
Line through the Incenter and Circumcenter and the Line through the Gergonne point and the Anticomplement of
the Nagel point in [6].
Problem 10. The Intouch triangle PaPbPc is homothetic with the Triangle of Reflections of the Vertices of the
Excentral Triangle in the Incenter QaQbQc. The center of the homothety X is the Intersection of the Line through
the Incenter and Circumcenter and the Line through the Gergonne point and the Anticomplement of the Nagel
point.. The ratio of the homothety k is
−4abc
k= < 0.
(a + b − c)(b + c − a)(c + a − b)

Qc

C Ma
Mb

Pb Pa
X

A Pc B
Qb
Qa

Mc
Figure 10.
Figure 10 illustrates Problem 10.

Mathematical Reflections 2 (2018) 5

In figure 10,
• PaPbPc is the Intouch triangle,
• MaMbMc is the Excentral triangle,
• Qa is the reflection of point Ma about the Incenter,
• Qb is the reflection of point Mb about the Incenter,
• Qc is the reflection of point Mc about the Incenter,
• QaQbQc is the Triangle of Reflections of the Vertices of the Excentral Triangle in the Incenter, and
• X is the center of the homothety.

Acknowledgement
The authors are grateful to Professor René Grothmann for his wonderful computer program C.a.R. http://car.
rene-grothmann.de/doc_en/index.html. See also http://www.journal-1.eu/2016-1/Grothmann-CaR-pp.
45-61.pdf. The authors are also grateful to Professor Troy Henderson http://www.tlhiv.org/ for his won-
derful computer program MetaPost Previewer for creation of eps graphics http://www.tlhiv.org/mppreview/.

References
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Sava Grozdeva , Hiroshi Okumurab , and Deko Dekovc 1

a VUZF University of Finance, Business and Entrepreneurship,
Gusla Street 1, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria
e-mail: [email protected]
b Maebashi Gunma, 371-0123, Japan

e-mail: [email protected]
c Zahari Knjazheski 81, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria

e-mail: [email protected]
web: http://www.ddekov.eu/

1Corresponding author

Mathematical Reflections 2 (2018) 6