Population: 20.
3 million (Census 2007)
August 2012 Instituto Nacional de Estatística: www.ine.gov.mz
This fact sheet is part of a project focusing on data produced by Indicator 1.1b: Rate of population below the
national poverty line
the national statistical offices monitoring the Millennium
P er cent
Development Goals (MDGs). These pages bring a snapshot of
100
available data. The complete set of available data, with definitions,
classifications and sources can be found in a data base located at 80
http://www.ssb.no/english/int/. At the same web-page there is also
60
a comprehensive metadata report for all the countries that are
included in the project. 40
20
Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
0
The first millennium target is to halve poverty by 2015. The national 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011
poverty line measures if a household can afford a minimum level of Source: Ministério de Planificação e Desenvolvimento (MPD): Pobreza e
food and other goods. It is based on data on consumption collected in Bem-Estar em Moçambique (2010)
household surveys. According to the national poverty line in
Indicator 1.2: Poverty gap
Mozambique poverty was reduced from 69 percent of the population
P er cent
in 1997 to 54 percent in 2003. In 2009 it was still 55 percent.
100
The international poverty line should be used for comparing poverty 80
between countries and is defined as those living on 1.25 US dollar 60
purchasing power parity or less per day. National poverty lines are
measured differently from country to country and should not be 40
compared. 20
INE UN
Poverty gap is a measure of how poor the people under the poverty 0
1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011
line are. The higher the poverty gap, the poorer the poor are. If the
Source: INE: Inquérito aos Agregados Familiares (IAF) 1996/97, 2002/03;
poverty gap is close to zero, the poor are just below the poverty line. Inquérito ao Orçamento Familiar (IOF) 2008/09
The poverty gap ratio decreased from 29 percent in 1997 to 21 per
cent in 2003 and remained the same in 2009 according to figures from Indicator 1.8: Prevalence of underweight children
Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE), the national statistical office in P er cent
Mozambique. Figures from the UN, based on estimates from the 100
World Bank, show the same trend, but at a higher level. 80
Prevalence of underweight children is an indicator used to measure 60
hunger. This indicator measures the percentage of children under five
40
years of age who is less than two standard deviations below the
median weight for their age compared to an international reference 20
population. 26 percent of the children were underweight in 1997, 0
falling to 18 percent in 2008 and further to 14 per cent in 2011 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011
according to survey data from INE. Source: INE: Inquérito Demográfico e de Saúde (IDS) 1997, 2003, 2011;
Questionário de Indicadores de Bem-Estar (QUIBB) 2003; Multiple Indi-
cator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2008.
Disseminating Millennium Development Goal statistics
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were launched by the UN in 2000. The 8 goals are divided into 21 targets and 60
indicators. The agreed upon indicators are supposed to be produced by the national statistical offices in each relevant country.
This is not always the case. Much of the data is estimated and disseminated by international organisations. Statistics Norway’s
MDG project aims at disseminating figures from national sources (such as censuses, surveys and administrative data) together
with the international ones (United Nations and World Bank). The main purpose of the project is to make the national data and
relevant documentation easily accessible to the users, both in Norway and in the partner countries. This fact sheet contains
some of the available statistics, but the main tool for dissemination is the database to be found at www.ssb.no/english/int
The project is a cooperation between Statistics Norway and the National Statistical Offices in seven countries: Bangladesh,
Malawi, Mozambique, Nepal, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia. The national data in the database is delivered by the national
statistical offices, while the international data is derived from the UNSTAT MDG database.
Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Indicator 2.1: Net enrolment and attendance rate in
primary education
Enrolment is the absolute number of pupils who are enrolled in a
P er cent
school. This information is recorded by the schools for administrative 100
purposes and submitted to the Ministry of Education.
80
Attendance is whether the child attended school during the school 60
year. This measurement is used in surveys by asking the question
directly to the household the child belongs to. 40
20 A ttendance rate, INE survey data
Net enrolment/attendance rate in primary education is the number of Enro lment rate, A dministrative data
children of official primary school age who are enrolled in/who attend 0
1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011
primary education as a percentage of the total number of children of
the official school age population. Gross enrolment/attendance rate Source: INE: Recenseamento Geral da População e Habitação (RGPH)
1997; IDS 2003, 2011; QUIBB 2005; MICS 2008
includes the pupils who are out of school-age in the numerator, which Adm: Ministério da Educação (MINED)
is why the rate in countries with many pupils older that official
primary school age can exceed 100 percent. Indicator 2.1: Net attendance rate in primary
education 2008 by province (sorted by
total in descending order)
Official primary school age in Mozambique is from 6 to 12 years of
age. In 2008, 81 percent of the children in that age group attended M aputo Cidade
M aputo P ro víncia
primary school according to survey data. 72 percent of the children Inhambane
Gaza
were enrolled in 2008 according to administrative data. From 2009 M anica
and up to the most recent available figures from 2011, the numbers Zambézia Female
So fala
have converged and there are no longer huge differences between the M o zambique to tal M ale
two sources. In 2011 both sources show that around three quarters of Niassa
Cabo Delgado
the children in Mozambique are enrolled in/attend primary school. Nampula
Tete
Both the administrative numbers and the survey data show the same
underlying trend; from the 1990s to 2011 the net enrolment/attendance 0 20 40 60 80 100
P er cent
rate has nearly doubled.
Source: INE: MICS Relatório Final 2008
Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower Indicator 2.1: Net attendance rate in primary
women education
The Gender Parity Index shows the number of girls in school to the P er cent
100
number of boys. If the ratio is 1, it means there are an equal number of
girls to boys. Below 1 means more boys than girls are in school and 80
above 1 means more girls than boys. INE in Mozambique uses net
60
attendance rate to measure the Gender Parity Index. Based on the INE
figures Mozambique reached the target of eliminating gender disparity 40
for primary education in 2008 and has upheld this level since then, M alawi M o zambique
20 Tanzania Uganda
whereas the UN figures still show a higher number of boys than girls. Zambia
Although both the INE and the UN figures show an increasing parity 0
between boys and girls, the figures from the UN have consequently 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
reported a higher number of boys. Source: Survey data from Malawi:National Statistical Office, Mozambique:
Instituto Nacional de Estatística, Tanzania: National Bureau of Statistics,
Uganda: Uganda Bureau of Statistics, Zambia: Central Statistics Office
Surveys, censuses and administrative data
Surveys and censuses: Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE) is Indicator 3.1: Gender Parity Index in Primary
in charge of national surveys. In a survey the information is Education
typically collected from a sample of the population. The results Ratio
from the sample are then used to estimate the situation in the 1,5
whole population. INE is also in charge of population censuses 1,4
1,3
where the whole population is enumerated. Mozambique’s last 1,2
population census was carried out in 2007. Administrative data: is 1,1
1,0
usually collecteded by the relevant ministries and is most often 0,9
based on register data. For instance the full number of children 0,8
0,7
vaccinated, recorded by health stations and submitted to the 0,6
Ministry of Health. The rates are found by dividing the recorded 0,5
1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011
number by the number of people in the target group. This
denominator is normally drawn from the population census, but INE UN
sometimes other sources are used.
Source: INE: IDS 2003, 2011; QUIBB 2005; RGPH 2007; MICS 2008;
UNSD 2012
Goal 4: Reduce child mortality Indicator 4.1 and 4.2: Infant and child mortality rates
Deaths per 1000 live births
The target for goal number four is to reduce the under-five mortality 250
rate by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. Mortality rate is expressed
as the number of deaths per 1000 live births. The under-five mortality 200
rate in Mozambique has decreased from 219 in 1997 to 97 in 2011. 150
Based on these figures Mozambique is well on target to reach this
goal. Also the infant (less than 12 months) mortality rate is decreasing 100
Under five mo rtality rate
and is down from 162 in 1990 to 64 in 2010. 50 Infant mo rtality rate
It is generally recommended for children to be immunised against 0
1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011
measles at the age of nine months, although some countries
Source: INE: Inquérito aos Agregados Familiares (IAF) 1989, 1996-97,
recommend later immunisation. The proportion of 1 year olds IDS 1997, 2003, 2011, MICS 2008.
immunised against measles is found through surveys by using
Indicator 4.3: Proportion of one-year olds
information provided by head of households on immunisation status immunised against measles
for children between 12 and 23 months of age. Administrative data are P er cent
recordings of immunisations by health personnel divided by the target 100
group. 90
80
The survey data shows an increase in the immunisation level from 58 70
60
percent in 1997 to 77 percent in 2003 and a further increase to 82
50
percent in 2011. The administrative data are consequently on a higher 40
level than the INE-survey data, whereas the UN data are a little lower 30
for the last years. 20
INE UN Adm data
10
Using survey data, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda and 0
1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011
Zambia, the five African countries currently covered by this database,
have a fairly similar level of immunisation against measles. Source: INE: IDS 1997,2003, 2011; QUIBB 2000-01; MICS 2008
Indicator 4.3: Proportion of 1 year-old children im-
munised against measles. Survey data
Goal 5: Improve maternal health P er cent
100
Maternal mortality rate is the annual number of women who die from
any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management, 80
expressed per 100,000 live births. The millennium target is to reduce
60
the maternal mortality rate by three quarters between 1990 and 2015.
Data on maternal mortality is in most countries collected through M alawi
40
M o zambique
surveys only. As the surveys often only are carried out every five year Tanzania
20 Uganda
and the sample size is rather small for this purpose, it is difficult to Zambia
assess to what degree the goal is/will be reached. The data existing 0
1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011
for Mozambique does suggest a decrease in maternal mortality rate
from 692 in 1997 to 500 in 2007. The lowest rate was actually Source: Survey data from Malawi: National Statistical Office,
Mozambique: INE. Tanzania: National Bureau of Statistics, Uganda:
registered in 2003 with 408 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. Uganda Bureau of Statistics, Zambia: Central Statistics Office
Indicator 5.1: Maternal Mortality Rate
Proportion of births attended by skilled personnel is the percentage of Maternal deaths per 100 000 live births
deliveries attended by trained doctors, nurses or midwives. Traditional 800
birth attendants, even if they receive a short training course, are not 700
included. Access to skilled personnel is much higher in urban than 600
rural areas and also varies between provinces. For the country as a 500
whole the proportion of births attended by skilled personnel increased 400
from 44 to 54 percent between 1997 and 2011. The proportion is 300
larger in urban areas compared to rural areas. There are also 200
100
substantial differences between provinces, ranging from 92 in Maputo
0
Cidade to 33 percent in Tete (2008 figures). 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Source: INE: IDS 1997 and 2003; RGPH 2007
Indicator 5.2: Proportion of births attended by
skilled health personnel. 2008 Indicator 5.2: Proportion of births attended by
(sorted in descending order) skilled health personnel
P er cent
M aputo Cidade
M aputo P ro víncia 100
Gaza
Niassa 80
So fala
Nampula
60
Inhambane
M o zambique to tal
M anica 40
Cabo Delgado
Zambézia 20
Tete
Natio nal Urban Rural
0 20 40 60 80 100 0
P er cent 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011
Source: INE: MICS 2008. Source: INE: IDS 1997,2003, 2011; QUIBB 2000-01; MICS 2008
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other Indicator 6.2: Condom use at last high risk sex, 15-
24 year-olds
diseases
Percent
Target 6A is to have halted by 2015 and begun reversing the spread of 100
HIV/AIDS. The HIV infection rate is mainly monitored by Women
80
international agencies. Condom use during last high-risk sex is the Men
percentage of young men and women aged 15-24 that had more than 60
one partner in the past 12 months reporting the use of a condom
40
during their last sexual intercourse. This is measured through surveys
by INE. 20
0
Target 6C is to have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
incidence of malaria and other major diseases. Proportion of children Source: INE: IDS 2003; Impacto Demográfico do HIV/SIDA (INSIDA) 2009
under 5 sleeping under insecticide-treated bed nets is the percentage
of children aged 0 – 59 months who slept under an insecticide-treated
bed net the night prior to the survey. According to survey data, the Indicator 6.7: Proportion of children under 5
percentage increased from 10 in 2003 to a peak of 23 in 2008, in 2011 sleeping under insecticide-treated bed
the proportion decreased to 18 percent. nets
P er cent
100
Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability
There are ten indicators measuring progress towards this goal, ranging 80
from CO2 emissions to how many people are living in slums. The only 60
ones so far disseminated by INE are obtained from household surveys:
Access to improved drinking water and sanitation facilities. The 40
proportion of households using an improved drinking water source has 20
increased for Mozambique from 37 percent in 2001 to 51 percent in
0
2011. The rural areas are however lagging behind the urban areas: 30 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011
to 70 percent (2008 figures).
Source: INE: IDS 2003, 2011; MICS 2008;
Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for
development Indicator 7.8: Proportion of population using an
improved drinking water source
The last of the millennium goals is measured by 16 different
Per cent
indicators. Eight of the indicators measure the amount of official 100
development assistance (ODA) and debt relief the country receives,
while four relate to market access. These eight indicators are collected 80
internationally. One indicator is access to medical drugs. The last
60
three relate to phone lines/internet.
40
International versus national data
Natio nal
The UN is in charge of collecting the MDG data, and is therefore the main 20
Urban
international source for MDG indicators. Indicator 4.1 is collected by UNICEF, Rural
and the UN data for this indicator is estimated. UN estimates in cases where 0
corresponding country data on a specific year or set of years is not available, 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011
or when multiple sources exist, or where there are concerns regarding data Source: INE: QUIBB 2000/01, 2005; IDS 2003, 2011; MICS 2008
quality. These estimates are based on national data, such as surveys or
administrative records. The national data for this indicator is collected by INE
in Demographic and Health Surveys in 1997 and 2003 and the Multiple
Indicator Cluster Survey in 2008 and the IDS in 2011. Indicator 7.9: Proportion of population using an
improved sanitation facility
The data from the UN covers a longer time span, and the graph shows that P er cent
the trends for the UN and the INE figures are fairly similar. For the latest year, 100
2011, we see a sharp decline in the INE figures, whereas the UN has not yet
updated for 2011. For the UN figures there is no documentation on how the 80
estimates are made and which national data that constitutes the basis for the
estimates. 60
Indicator 4.1: Under-five mortality rate
40
Deaths per 1000 live births Natio nal
250 Urban
20
Rural
200 0
1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011
150 Source: INE: QUIBB 2000/01, 2005; IAF 2003, MICS 2008; IDS 2011
100
INE
50 UN
0
1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011
National data: INE: IDS 1997, 2003, 2011 MICS 2008.
International data: UN MDG database: http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Data.aspx
