Machine Design - Fundamentals
Machine Design - Fundamentals
• Marketing Considerations
• Cost Considerations
• Design Approach - Analysis
• Functional Characteristics - Aesthetics,
Safety
• Manufacturing Considerations
• Assembly Characteristics - Ease Of assembly
• Maintainability
Mechanics
Force is defined by :
• Magnitude
• Point of Application
• Direction
Law Of Equilibrium Of Forces
B D D
A C A C
(a) (b)
Law Of Action and Reaction
A
Ra
(a) (b)
FORCES IN A WEDGE
F=10
Fb
FRICTION
P P
F
F
F=*R
R N =tan() R N
(a) (b)
SELF RELEASING TAPER (7/24)
Fb Fa
Fa=35
Fb
Fa Fb=35
F
SELF LOCKING MORSE TAPER (MT4)
Fb=192.6
Fb Fa
F Fa=192.6
f f
Fb F Fa
MORSE TAPER IN TAILSTOCK CENTER
CLAMPING FORCE IN COLLET
Fr
Fp=2400
Fp
Fc
BEARING REACTION
F
Rb
Ra
STIFFNESS OF SPRINGS
K=K1 K=K1+K2
ELASTIC ENERGY
Deflection
=1/2*K*h²
h
Applied force
F=K*h
1/K=1/K1+1/K2
CUTTING FORCES
TAN()
f
Efficiency =
TAN( +)
LOCK NUT
Forces acting on a slide
*X X
*X
X
a
Taking moments about point O In the limiting condition- 2* *X =F
F*a =X*L/2+X*L/2 (The two
F 2**F*a/L=F
moments of *X cancel each other
If =0.15 , 0.3*a/L=1
X=F*a/L
It is self locking if a>L/0.3
KEY FORMULAE
• Motive Force
• Inertia Force
MOTIVE FORCE
100 kg
Tension force Tension
force
50 kg X 50kg