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Experiment # 3 Title:: Objective

The document describes an experiment to model and analyze the stability of two systems: a spring-mass damper system and an RC circuit. The experiment uses MATLAB to derive the transfer function and characteristic equation for each system. It then analyzes the step response, pole-zero map, and time-domain characteristics for different system parameters. The conclusions are that the experiment successfully applied stability analysis to determine that the chosen system parameters achieved stability for both systems.

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Usama Mughal
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119 views

Experiment # 3 Title:: Objective

The document describes an experiment to model and analyze the stability of two systems: a spring-mass damper system and an RC circuit. The experiment uses MATLAB to derive the transfer function and characteristic equation for each system. It then analyzes the step response, pole-zero map, and time-domain characteristics for different system parameters. The conclusions are that the experiment successfully applied stability analysis to determine that the chosen system parameters achieved stability for both systems.

Uploaded by

Usama Mughal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT # 3

TITLE:
Mathematical modeling of the following systems:
1. Spring-Mass Damper
2. RC Circuit
And observe the Step Response & Pole Zero Map on MATLAB.

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the performance of a spring mass damper system and RC Circuit, under various
conditions, through modeling, without having to subject the real system to these conditions.

THEORY:

1. Spring-Mass Damper System:

The free-body diagram for this system is shown below. The spring force is proportional to the

displacement of the mass, , and the viscous damping force is proportional to the velocity of the

mass, . Both forces oppose the motion of the mass and are, therefore, shown in the negative -

direction. Note also that corresponds to the position of the mass when the spring is unstretched.
∑ F(x) = F(t) − 𝑏𝑥̇ − 𝑘𝑥 = 𝑚𝑥̈

F(t) = m𝑥̈ + bẋ + kx (1)


Taking Laplace Transform of Eq. (1) (Assume all initial conditions are zero)
𝐹 (𝑆) = 𝑚𝑆 2 𝑋(𝑆) + 𝑏𝑆𝑋(𝑆) + 𝑘𝑋 (𝑆)
𝑋(𝑆) 1
= (2)
𝐹(𝑆) 𝑚𝑆 2 +𝑏𝑆+𝑘

Where Eq. (2) is termed as the “Transfer Function” of Spring-Mass Damper System and “𝒎𝑺𝟐 + 𝒃𝑺 + 𝒌”
is known as the Characteristic Equation.

Initial Assumptions:
1. m = 1
2. b = 1
3. K = 1

2. RC Circuit:
We know that:

𝐼1 = 𝐼2 + 𝐼3 (3)
𝑉𝑆 −𝑉 𝑉
= 𝐶𝑉̇ +
𝑅1 𝑅2

𝑉𝑆 = 𝑅𝐶𝑉̇ + 2𝑉 (4)
Taking Laplace Transform of Eq. (4) (Assume all initial conditions are zero)
𝑉𝑆 (𝑆) = 𝑅𝐶𝑆𝑉 (𝑆) + 2𝑉(𝑆)
𝑉(𝑆) 1
= (5)
𝑉𝑆 (𝑆) 𝑅𝐶𝑆+2
Where Eq. (5) is termed as the “Transfer Function” of RC Circuit System and “𝑅𝐶𝑆 + 2” is known as
the Characteristic Equation.
Initial Assumptions:
1. R = 4 Ω
2. C = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 𝟊

EXPERIMENTATIONAL ANALYSIS:
• Software used: MATLAB R2019a

1. Spring-Mass Damper System:


• CODE:
• OUTPUT:
• INTERPRETATION:

• Risetime — Time it takes for the response to rise from 10% to 90% of the steady-state response.
• Settling Time — Time it takes for the error |y(t) - yfinal| between the response y(t) and the steady-state
response yfinal to fall to within 2% of yfinal.
• SettlingMin — Minimum value of y(t) once the response has risen.
• SettlingMax — Maximum value of y(t) once the response has risen.
• Overshoot — Percentage overshoot, relative to yfinal).
• Undershoot — Percentage undershoot.
• Peak — Peak absolute value of y(t)
• Peak Time — Time at which the peak value occurs.

➢ For the given values of b, m and k the system has achieved stability as evident
from the Pole-zero Map and settling time in Time-domain characteristics.
2. RC Circuit:
• CODE:

• OUTPUT:
• INTERPRETATION:
• Risetime — Time it takes for the response to rise from 10% to 90% of the steady-state response.
• Settling Time — Time it takes for the error |y(t) - yfinal| between the response y(t) and the steady-state
response yfinal to fall to within 2% of yfinal.
• SettlingMin — Minimum value of y(t) once the response has risen.
• SettlingMax — Maximum value of y(t) once the response has risen.
• Overshoot — Percentage overshoot, relative to yfinal).
• Undershoot — Percentage undershoot.
• Peak — Peak absolute value of y(t)
• Peak Time — Time at which the peak value occurs.

➢ For the given values of R and C the system has achieved stability as evident from
the Pole-zero Map and settling time in Time-domain characteristics.

CONCLUSSIONS:

✓ The experiment enabled us to apply a successful system stability analysis on Spring-


mass Damper and RC Circuit systems.
✓ The significance of Pole-zero Map was highlighted, enabling us to determine the
positional stability of a system using the Characteristic Equation derived from the FBD.
✓ Time-Domain Characteristics were studied in order to achieve optimum system
stability.
✓ Physical Implementation of Stability Analysis was well understood and accomplished.

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