CASE STUDY REPORT
PRE-FABRICATED
CONSTRUCTION
Concrete
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What are pre fabrication construction system?
The concept of precast (also known as “prefabricated”)
construction includes those buildings, where the majority of
structural components are standardized and produced in plants
in a location away from the building, and then transported to the
site for assembly. These components are manufactured by
industrial methods based on mass production in order to build a
large number of buildings in a short time at low cost.
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How it is made :
The division and specialization of the human workforce
The use of tools, machinery, and other equipment, usually
automated, in the production .
Compared to site-cast concrete, precast concrete erection is
faster and less affected by adverse weather conditions.
Plant casting allows increased efficiency, high quality control
and greater control on finishes..
This type of construction requires a restructuring of entire
conventional construction process to enable interaction between
design phase and production planning in order to improve and
speed up construction.
TYPES OF PRECAST SYSTEMS
Depending on the load-bearing structure, precast systems can be
divided into the following categories:
Large-panel systems
Frame systems
Slab-column systems with walls
Mixed systems
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LARGE PANEL SYSTEMS
“large-panel system” refers to multistory structures composed of
large wall and floor concrete panels connected in the vertical and
horizontal directions
These panels form a box-like structure. Both vertical and
horizontal panels resist gravity load.
Wall panels are usually one story high. Horizontal floor and roof
panels span either as one-way or two-way slabs.
Depending on wall layout , there are three basic configurations of
large-panel buildings:
Cross-wall systems
Longitudinal wall systems
Two-way systems
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FRAME SYSTEMS
Precast frames can be constructed using either linear
elements or spatial beam-column .
Connecting faces between the assemblages can be placed
away from the critical frame regions.
The use of linear elements generally means placing the
connecting faces at the beam-column junctions.
The beam-column joints accomplished in this way are hinged
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SLAB-COLUMN SYSTEMS
shear walls to sustain lateral load effects,
whereas the slab-column resists mainly gravity loads.
There are two main systems in this category:
Lift-slab system with walls
Prestressed slab-column system
The load-bearing structure consists of precast reinforced
concrete columns and slabs.
Precast columns are usually two stories high
Reinforced concrete slabs are poured on the ground in forms,
one on top of the other.
Precast concrete floor slabs Are lifted from the ground up to
the final height by lifting cranes.
The slab panels are lifted to the top of the column and then
moved downwards to the final position.
Temporary supports are used to keep the slabs in the position
until the connection with the columns has been achieved.
Figure 1:SLAB COLOUMN BUILDING IN CONSTRUCTION
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Figure 2:POST-TENSIONED SLAB COLOUMN JOINT
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PRECAST CONCRETE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
1.1 Precast Slabs
Figure 3:HOLLOW CONCRETE SLABS
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Precast Beam & G
Figure 5:PRECAST COLOUMNS
Figure 4:PRECAST WALLS
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Figure 6:PRECAST STAIRS
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CONCEPTS FOR PRECAST CONCRETE BUILDINGS
The design concept of the precast buildings is based on the
buildability, economy and standardization of precast
components.
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CASE STUDY : BCC PRECAST ,BHARAT CITY ,GAZIABAD
A
Figure 7:bcc precast plant
Figure 8:casting machine
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Figure 9:CASTING MOULD
Figure 10:WALL PANEL SECTION
Figure 11:SLAB PANELS
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TYPICAL CONNECTION OF PRECAST CONCRETE ELEMENTS
COLUMN TO COLUMN CONNECTION
Figure 12:precast column
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BEAM TO COLUMN CONNECTION
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SLAB TO BEAM CONNECTION
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WALLPANEL CONNECTED TO INSITU CONCRETE
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Slab – wall panel – slab joint
Figure 13: pre casting of a wall panel
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CONNECTION BETWEEN SLABS
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CORNER CONNECTIONS OF WALL PANELS
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CONNECTION OF WALL PANELS TO COLUMNS
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Figure 14A BLOCK OF PRECAST STAIR
PRECAST CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION AND SEISMIC DESIGN
There is a general concern regarding the seismic
performance of precast construction.
It is noticed that large panel construction performs better
than frame system.
However, in areas of high seismic risk, structures must be
designed to respond safely to the dynamic forces imparted
into the structure. Innovations in joint design are improving
the connection systems in precast concrete structures and
making them increasingly suitable for use in such areas.
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Information, pictures, photographs etc of the paper have
been taken from
Bcc precast
www.bca.gov.sg/publications/BuildabilitySeries/others/bsl_c
p3.pdf www.cpci.ca
Precast industrial buildings detailing manual by National
Precast Concrete Association
www.world-housing.net/uploads/precast__concrete.pdf
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Precast construction by Svetlana Brzev, British Columbia
Institute of Technology, Canada ,Teresa Guevara-Perez,
Architect, Venezuela
ACI 550R-96, Design recommendations of precast Concrete
Structures.
Precast.ppt by Fundamental of Building construction ,
Materials & Methods, 5th Edition
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