DESIGN CENTER

BY
RUBEN RODRIGUEZ
.A THESIS
IN
ARCHITECTURE

Submitted to the Architecture Faculty

of the College of Architecture
of Texas Tech University in
Partial Fulfillment of
the Requirements for
the Degree of

BACWELOR OF^aaCHITECTURE

Chairman of the Committee

Programming Instructor: Bill W. Cantrell

Design Critic: , Robert'T. Ritter
Accepted

^-tr^ah, Colle^ of Architecture

May 5, 1987
This program is dedicated to my parents Sacarias and Paula Rodriguez for
their unending love and support throughout these years, and to Vicki for
her continued kindness and patience.

n
The Good Sir Henry Wotten
Is frequently forgotten
When architects indulge in disputation.
But his ancient definition
Has instilled the supposition.
Delight must be in every elevation.
You can talk of form and function
With authority and unction.
But how much do all these things affect you?
If the building has delight
The rest will seem all right.
For without delight it just ain't architecture.
You can talk with skill and knowledge
Of the things you learned in college
You can argue, you can plead, and you can lecture.
But the fact will always face you;
Ignored, it might disgrace you.
For without delight it just ain't architecture.
You may even see the day
When you can write F.A.I.A.,
But even this can never quite protect you.
Every job must have a measure
Of gaiety and pleasure
For without delight it just ain't architecture.
There is no course in particular
In any known curricular
Where one learn to render this effect.
But with luck and work and tears
You may learn the trick in years.
For without it you just ain't no architect.

m
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
EARLIEST OFFICES HISTORY 1
WHAT IS AN OFFICE BUILDING 3
GOALS 5
OBJECTIVES 6
THESIS STATEMENT 7
PYRAMID PLAZA PROFESSIONAL OFFICE COMPLEX 8
DAROFF DESIGN HEADQUARTERS 11
THE NBBJ GROUP HEADQUARTERS 11
INTERVIEW WITH AN ARCHITECT AT BGR 16
INTERVIEW WITH BGR INTERIOR DESIGNER 21
INTERVIEW WITH AN ENGINEER AT BGR 23
ACTIVITIES 27
FUNCTIONS 28
RECEPTION AREA 34
OFFICE MANAGER 34
ACCOUNTANT 37
PRODUCTION ROOM 37
CONFERENCE ROOM 37
BREAK ROOM 38
LIBRARY 39
COMPUTER ROOM 41
STORAGE 42
SITE 44
ZONING ORDINANCE 45

iv
SITE DESCRIPTION 46
SOIL 58
CLIMATIC CONDITIONS 60
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (DEGREE F°) 61
SNOWFALL (INCHES) 61
PRECIPITATION (INCHES) 62
SOLAR ALTITUDE AND BEARING 62
SYSTEM PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 66
ENCLOSURE SYSTEM 66
MECHANICAL SYSTEM 67
HEATING SYSTEM 68
COOLING SYSTEM 68
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 69
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM 69
SECURITY SYSTEM 70
EXITS 70
DOORS 71
STAIRS 71
RAMPS 72
APPENDIX 73
BACKGROUND, GOALS, AND OBJECTIVES
 EARLIEST OFFICES HISTORY
The earliest "offices" can be dated to the moment one person
crouched down and bartered with another for goods or services and some
kind of record was made. The office could have been a corner of a
kitchen where workers were paid and the farmer made notes. It is
impossible to say when the first room or office was set aside for the use
of a person in conducting a business. Certainly this occurred very early
and almost certainly the first office was in a dwelling home. Office
buildings were unknown before the Middle Ages when the guilds constructed
guild halls that were partly used as offices. During the end of the
19th century, in Europe and America, commercial buildings and profes-
sional buildings, including offices, became very important buildings.
One can say that some of the best and most innovative architecture of the
late 1880's were tall office buildings. And office buildings, large and
small, have been a major part of architecture ever since.
THE CHICAGO BUILDING OFI [THE HOME INSURANCE CO. |
 WHAT IS AN OFFICE BUILDING?

An office building in which business is transacted or professional

5
services performed. A room, for the same purposes, in such a building
is called an office. Office buildings can be any size from one room to

thousands, from one story to over a hundred. Most office buildings in

the past were square or rectangular in plan, but with today's technology
they may take any shape and size.

The types of professional organizations can be group into four

classifications:

• Proprietorship: owned by a single person.

Partnership: owned by two or more persons.
Corporation: owned by stockholders, who own shares of
stock in them.

Joint Venture: Two or more individuals or companies

share the ownership of a venture for some specific
purpose?
The typical organization is the corporation. Until recently, profes-
sional organizations such as architects or engineers were always single
proprietorship or partnership, but now days professionals may form
corporations but are subject to special legal or ethical requirement that
o

limit some of their corporation activities.

The function of organization in companies operate in different ways.

For example, in a small architectural office, the operation is quite

differently than those of a large company. However, certain functions

still take place including management, production, and general services.

The major problem in designing an office building comes from the pro-

vision for the needs of the function and allowing for the proper inter-
9
relationships between them.
 The group needs of the management group including executives,
management, and those at lower level require office space. The office
design space, whether it be open space or unit individual space, needs to
be comfortable. Space for clerical workers, conference room and other
gathering are usually needed. The facilities for the production group
vary considerably among professional organization. For example, in an
architectural office, production is the process of making drawings,
specifications, and other documents for the construction of a building.
Now, the marketing groups vary considerably. For example, in a doctor's
office there is no sales group. On the other hand, an architect's
office, a sales group might be small and consist of members of the firm
who also perform other functions. Where in an office of a manufacturer,
the sales group might well be one of the largest in the organization.
The sales group has requirement for offices and related spaces. Some of
the space might be meeting spaces for customers or clients, display of
products, conferences, and storage for samples, catalogs, and other
literature. General service groups provide services for all the other
needs of each services. All the office buildings have requirements for
restroom, and other facilities, including lounges, libraries, work areas,
and other spaces. Many offices have special requirements for storage
including communication equipment and stockrooms. All offices need space
for janitorial work and some require other facilities for upkeep and
maintenance. Within an office building there are seven major areas:
• The receptionist area.
• The office space, work area.

• The storage area.

 The conference area.
The break area.
The library.
The mechanical area.

In the past, offices were designed in one of three ways:

Completely enclosed space: private offices.

Open space: often called bull pen, not separated from
each other by walls.
Semi-private.: separated from each other by partial
partitions.

Office buildings should pay attention to the flow patterns of the

12
work. This includes paperwork, people, and communication. For exam-
ple, architectural and engineering office need large drafting room with
excellent lighting.

GOALS
* To design an office complex that will help the Overton Revitalization
Development.
* To generate a public support and awareness of declining business in
the downtown area.
* To attract other companies to locate within the Overton Revitalization
Development.
* To provide a place for the architect, landscape architect, interior
designer, engineers, planners to work or perform to his best.
' To orientate the building on the site in such a manner as to take
advantage of favorable climatic condition.

* To provide the best service possible to its customers through the use

of the latest technological advancement.

 OBJECTIVES
Flexible in term of space and space enlargement to allow for changes
and future development.
All material used in the construction of the facility will be top
quality material, yet they will require minimum amount of maintenance
and upkeep.
On site circulation is to be designed in such a manner as not to allow
excessive congestion between customers and employees at peak hours of
the day.
To improve the quality of the neighborhood.
To ensure maximum protection, top quality security system, and fire
detection.
Enclosure material shall be so design as to allow for maximum flexi-
bility in terms of work area, rearrangement, enlargement.
Moveable partitioning system shall be used where possible to maximize
the flexibility within the structure.
THESIS STATEMENT
 THESIS STATEMENT
The intent of this project is to unify a portion of the Overton
Revitalization Plan to test where an office building in the proposed site
should be and to see what form it should take. Also to research the site
to see if an office building would work in this site. The office build-
ing is an architectural complex of various office spaces. It will
provide high quality office and spaces for various professional people.
The professional people being considered are architects, engineers,
planners, interior designers, and landscape architects, which could led
to designing a design center office for professional people.

The site is important because it is a portion of the city which is

being revived to improve the image of Lubbock. Also, it integrates Texas
Tech University to the downtown. Another reason that it is important is
that with the construction of Interstate 27, a larger portion of traffic
will be diverted away from the downtown area. Avenue Q will be a by-pass
through Lubbock for visitors. By this I mean that Avenue Q would be a
very important street in bringing some outside business to the Lubbock
downtown area.
My goal is to create a complex office building that will complement
the surrounding area providing easy accessibility, adequate parking, and
landscaping, which also plays an important role in the success of the
design.
In conclusion it is a hope that the building would offer an enjoy-
able space where creative productive work could be enjoyable and profit-
ably carried on by the firm and the building still be economical and
profitable.
CASE STUDIES AND INTERVIEWS
 8
PYRAMID PLAZA
PROFESSIONAL OFFICE COMPLEX
An office pyramid . . .
A complex for people.

A contemporary architectural statement of a timeless

form providing a quality solution in professional
working atmosphere and an unique contrast to typical
office environment.
Enduring architectural proportions have been incorporated in the
exterior design of this complex producing an unique architectural state-
ment characterized by energy saving efficiency throughout.

All fenestration and building entries have been carefully oriented

to avoid unnecessary heat gain and/or wind exposure.
Pyramid Plaza is a professional office complex for people who enjoy
getting a little more from their working environment. In addition to the
essential need for complete private office space. Pyramid Plaza also
provides ways and places to relax, share with friends, and enjoy midday
meals. An enclosed six-story atrium provides dynamic interal emphasis
within the Pyramid. Conditional and landscape, this open space intro-
duces a completely unique approach in handling professional office space
in Lubbock.
Over ninety-two thousand square feet of leasable space has been
provided on six levels. Each level is served by three glass backed
elevators commanding views into the multi-story atrium. The majority of
office spaces have both interior and exterior exposures.
An excellent location in a superior area . . .
 Pyramid Plaza has one of the more convenient business locations
within Lubbock's area of most rapid growth to the Southwest. Strate-
gically located at 3223 South Loop 289, the six-story building makes a
strong visual impact in addition to retaining extreme accessibility to
all parts of Lubbock as a result of its adjacent location to the city
loop system.

Pyramid Plaza
Sundial Properties, Inc.
3223 South Loop 289
Suite 600
Lubbock, Texas 79423
(806) 793-3223
The Pyramid Plaza is an excellent office building. It is an office
building that looks complex, but when you walk into it, it seems to relax
you. The office space has a feeling of high quality in it, but it gives
the impression that the people are satisfied with their working environ-
ment. Another look, that it has, is a professional appearance. The best
part about the Pyramid Plaza is that it has an athletic club, a racquet-
ball court, and an exercise facility.
The physical qualities of the Pyramid Plaza are good. The lighting
system has been integrated with the suspended acoustical ceiling that
disperses the light evenly and efficiently. I wish that the original
plan had been carried out with the skylight on top of the building.
This would have provided more natural light. Also, I like the way
they used vinyl clad gypsum board partitioning system to soundproof the
working areas. The exterior windows of the Pyramid Plaza were all bronze
tinted and double panel insulating glass.
 11

The exterior of the building is a bronze annodized metal sheathing,

to provide a long weathering exterior surface.

So one may say, that this office complex emphasizes quality of

environment.

DAROFF DESIGN HEADQUARTERS

The Daroff Design Headquarters has an unique appearance about it.
One of the qualities I like is how open the building is. The openness of
the building seems to be a good idea, for it makes the building look
bigger. Also, I like the idea that they used when they added a skylight.
By inserting a skylight on the roof, this permitted natural light to come
in. I think its a good idea to use natural light in the drafting studio.
The usage of an atrium in the center of the building is great. I believe
that an atrium and an open stairway can add a lot to a building's appear-
ance. Another good point about the Daroff Design Headquarters building
is that it exposes some of the structural members, which I like and have
noticed a lot of places doing that.

This cases study is unique because of the way it opens, and because
one is able to move more freely. It also has an image of openness.

THE NBBJ GROUP HEADQUARTERS

The origins of the NBBJ Group Headquarters building in Seattle,

Washington are in themselves exceptional. For example, the skylighted

stairway is only the most obvious component of the building. Stairs

between floors of an office will relieve this sense of predictable,

unrelieved flatness. Just as a stroll outdoors can clear you mind, so

can walking upstairs or downstairs. So, the stairway of this building #4

 EXECUTIVE SYNERGY

WORKING
IT OUT
Karen Daroff sees profitable
results through new
management techniques.

G rowth, however profit-

able, may have nega-
tive side effects for a
design firm, as senior staff
members are forced to relin-
and to consolidate staff within
her Philadelphia base.
The'inspiration to reorgan-
ize for more controlled growth
came in 1981, after Daroff
quish creative control for in- attended the Milan Furniture
creased administrative respon- Fair. There, she was able to
sibilities. Daroff Design, Inc., compare management strate-
a 45-person firm based in a gies with other designers "in a
renovated Philadelphia ga- non-comp)etitive fashion," in-
rage, has counterbalanced the cluding architect James Rap-
down side of business growth poport, a real estate consultant
through a system of participa- and co-founder of Atelier In-
tory management and separate ternational. Initially serving as
companies for design, produc- a consultant to Daroff De-
tion and administration. signs, and now its Executive
Intent on nurturing its staff Vice President, he helped to
with the help of an organiza- analyze the strengths and
tional psychologist, the firm weaknesses of the firm in for-
departs from the design office mulating its new management.
stereotype of a dictatorial ate- Rappoport's first recom-
lier that hires and fires accord- mendation was that the firm's
ing to project ebb and flow, offices, located on four, non-
replacing it with a more sup- contiguous floors in a building
portive and productive work with a slow elevator, move to
environment. more spacious quarters. The
"I wanted to expand, but firm chose for its new head-
was afraid that I would be quarters a 1920s garage, lo-
doing nothing but administra- cated near Philadelphia's
tion," remarks President Kar- showroom mart.
en Daroff of her decision to Recently renovated into two
seek a new management strat- spacious floors with additional
egy after overseeing a decade attic studio space, Daroff De-
of change with the firm. Since sign's new offices reflect the
its start-up in 1973, Daroff firm's emphasis on team coop-
Design quickly grew to an eration. Skylights inserted into
over 40-person stafl^" in three SSEZ B the roof of the garage permit
years, expanding to support a Top: Original garage, now Daroff natural light to permeate the
New York office to handle an Design headquarters in Philadelpltia, first floor drafting studio,
increasing number of presti- before renovation. through a central atrium to the
gious corporate clients. lower level. The offices, con-
Although the meteoric rise ference room and resource
of the firm propelled it to a Above: industrial building restored library that flank the atrium
position within the top 100 with new entrance, on the lower floor, are en-
windows and decorated facade. closed by glass and steel parti-
firms in the country (and one
of the very few headed by a tions, encouraging an open
woman), Daroff found herself door policy within the firm.
spending more time commut- Right: Lower level offices, Underscoring this physical
ing between cities than de- conference room and resource library image of openness is Daroff
signing. Unhappy with the sit- surround the skylit atrium. Design's commitment to em-
uation, she decided to close ployee participation under a
the New York office in 1979 new management philosophy.

TfRlORS N O V a
PHOTOGRAPHY BY TOM^
M
NOV 84 INTERIORS 99
 Above: Building sections reveal
roof skylights that emit
light through central atrium t o
lower level offices.

U g lluT
Em
M^

Above: Plans of lower level (left),

main drafting studio (center)
and mezzanine studios (right)'.

n^
ilORS NOV 84
 pointed out by a survey of the drafting board. Research
Bterior design employment of new product innovations is
factices (see Interiors, Sept. carried out on a regular basis
983), job dissatisfaction per- and pooled into a common
»des the field, with high rates data base for the entire staffs
f turnover and employee benefit, thus avoiding the usu-
omplaints that management al frenetic search for product
rovides few opportunities to information during design.
dvance within a firm. To In essence, Daroff Design's
void these pitfalls, Daroff new participative direction
ecided to combine the best simulates the management in-
ipects of a small firm— novations of the corporations
6sign control and good inter- for which the firm designs. Its
|1 communications—with attention to both the profes-
le profit-making structure of sional growth of its employees
large firm, by establishing and management is a refresh-
ree, interlocking businesses: ing reminder that design firms
DI Interiors, DDI Architects must move away from the dil-
td DDI Graphics. ettantism characteristic of the
Rappoport likens the new studio environment to a more
lanization of the firm to a professional business attitude.
lix structure in which both This change has paid off for
sign and production teams Daroff in terms of higher prof-
|in a project at the same its, job satisfaction and in-
ae, meeting at key points to creasing client sophistication.
ttipare and overlap strate- Concludes Daroff: "Clients
I. As a result, the tradition- Above: CAD system from Resource Dynamics can only get smarter as a result
linear sequence of design streamlines furniture inventory ofdesigners getting smarter." •
Ktmatics transformed into and spoce planning. —Deborah Dietsch
ricing drawings is modified,
)wing for more cost-efFec-
I supervision. "The reason
I we weren't profitable in new working methods, Daroff ductive working relationships. PROJECT: DAROFf DESIGNS INC.
STUDIO AND Offices
ipast is that we used to turned to organizational psy- In addition, smaller confer- ARCHITECT: DDI ARCHITECTS
W a space, look at the chologist, John Eldred, for ences with Eldred are held DESIGNER: DAROf F DESIGN
nt's budget and then re- help in boosting staff morale. every other week within the Gmnmral contrQCtori bpsc^utz Associates
ign the project to bring As Associate Director of the firm's design, production and Custemwork: Winrerhouse
^ costs," explains Daroff Wharton School of Manage- administration divisions to Fleorcoy*i4ng*i V i! ker^ Ameficon Olaon.
|w every project is ment's Applied Research specifically focus on the issues
f lexco Design Tech
C*ilin9(: Armstrong, Owens Coming
Pcted on a line-item basis, Center, Eldred is experienced discussed in the larger staff Ola«t Block: Pittsburgh Cornmg
jjputerized records keep in counseling corporations in meetings. The aim of the ses- Deort and P«rttti«nti Secco
of the price of every productivity improvement. sions is to create a sense of H a r d w a r * ! Normbou
• item." Skylishtai Wosco
In the monthly meetings he "psychological ownership," ac- LIghtfngt Keystone. Cotutibio. Atelier
change in the firm's leads, attended by the entire cording to Eldred, to convince Iniernononol. lighiolier, Holophone
national structure did Daroff firm, staff members are employees that they have a Sl0na9«: Owens Commg. Ri^ h Art
stake in the future of their jobs Point} Beoionv) Moore
appen overnight. To encouraged to take an active n i « f I Siorwol. Stocor
c staff resistance to role in airing their grievances and the firm as a whole. Shelving! Stockmore
about office policy. Often, de- Personnel development is Drafting Iqwipmanti B«ffeolasi.
>w toward entrance signers are called upon to act funded by Daroff under a non- Douphfl Itoko
I reception orcKi and out potenlisi scenarios between ^ m l t w r a i <->ol. Forom Johnson Indojinei,
billable budget, to encourage SooorMouserTTXjn, Tecno
I workstotions on first themselves, clients and co- designers to attend trade fairs Campwtarfi IBM. RD<
im below. workers to advance more pro- and other activities away firom I Folioge Pteni Systert>j

NOV 84 INTERIORS 103

 The NBBJ Group Headquarters
m Scaling Seattle
The NBBJ Group, Architects
the office landscape

(.fi

Visitors to Seattle seldom complain that the city's seven hills

aren't worth the climb, given the scenic prospects they command.
Mpst visitors to the new headquarters of Seattle architects The
NBBJ Group feel similarly rewarded by the manmade incline
that zigzags up the core of the firm's offices (opposite and right),
even if the landscape it surveys is open-plan rather than open-
air. The dramatic five-story skylighted staircase is only the most
obvious component in NBBJ's $2-million remodeling of an 80-
year-old warehouse in Seattle's historic Pioneer Square district.
To passers-by, meticulously restored facades belie the extensive
transformation carried out within the 65,000-square-foot interior
to accommodate a 235-person staff. Except for the discreet
addition of a new entry vestibule, solar-tinted window panes, the
skylight, and a roof-top greenhouse, the turn-of-the-century
exterior stands virtually intact (sandstone walls were acid-
cleaned and altered fenestration restored).
NBBJ's previous headquarters "uptown" was a low-rise
International Style pavilion designed by the firm in the 1940s. It
was a classic building of its era, but as NBBJ prospered and grew,
the old headquarters became woefully cramped. A series of
extensions was tacked on over the years, and by 1980 personnel
were scattered among three locations. Staff communications
suffered, and the odd conglomeration of physical surroundings
hardly conveyed the image of "sophistication" and "corporate yet
humane architecture" that NBBJ sought to project.
i The warehouse they found downtown was more than large

i•it
enough to house the entire firm, and the regular bays of the 1904
wood-frame structure proved eminently adaptable to diverse
functional requirements (plans overleaf, section page 167). To
* • • • ;
define conference rooms and other specific program spaces, NBBJ
deployed crisply painted partitions, keyed into the exposed shell
i-^. of timbers and brick bearing walls but contrasting with their
rugged surfaces. Open work areas serve the changing needs of 15-
to 20-person design teams and support groups. This multilevel
layout also comprises a basement gym and locker room, street-
level retail shops, and a lunchroom-cum-meeting-place in the
penthouse (photos pages 166-167). The unifying focus for the
entire complex is the grand stairway, whose diagonal course
honors and enriches the extant bay structure. More than a
compelling symbol of organizational community, the stairway
also reminds clients that when skillful architects don't find a
spectacular view in place, they can build one. Douglas Brenner

xm

ir.l FfflfDPl|DD|^^|0
th. —intcw oj ine oaicony permit jioor-oy-jwor coniroi oj air siriKe int: uxjuy jiour, nsiiiy uf/ iiif
'M.y^n.uTva iiiuu^ate, all openings distribution from a roof-mounted stairs toward the summer solstice
counterpoint of textures and colors, and across the ceiling during the
onto the central shaft are fitted chiller. Other energy-saving devices
both the parti and detaih of NBBJ's winter. Within the open ojices,
with sliding Jire shutters. include an economizer cycle and
headquarters are governed try Sprinklers and other fire-protection task lighting is built into movable
pragmatic concerns as well as by night setback for air conditioning
devices are installed in furred and an automatic sunshade for the furniture systems, which are also
esthetics. Shallow balconies not only compartments between the central acoustically effective. Exposed
reinforce the visual connection of stairway skylight Sensitive to solar
purlins of each bay. The furred intensity, the shade can screen out purlins help to interrupt sound
tfie central stairwell to adjoining interstices also house branch-line transmission across the ceiliuy, uii<
spaces (photo upper left), but as much as SO per cent of radiation.
feeder supplies and returns Fortuitously, the sta veil acts as a fiberglass Imtts laid into every four
encourage communication among attached to exposed trunk lines that purlin Uiy absorb noise.
offices on aUjloors. As channels in seasonal chronomett Chiring the
flunk the shear wall A ir tiandlers spring and fall equinoxes, sunbeams

"TT^tr'

11
if
t . ... .; I i. .•.',••

. ^ ' . • : 4 M « » » r ' •- .'v,...v

' . .,- -., • - ; . . . . ..^...'r

•>',••• V , - •'

t
^
1 •'

FIRST FLOOR f"**^ *^^ * ° " ^ " • 'P • SECOND FLOOR rHIHO FLOOR
 • '"tjirrnrt' rf>omn on rarh of the "utorefront" meeting spaces air-return ducts). As throughout the seismic standards. Improvements
fii-f mninfioors offer more private alongside an in-house exhibition building, grid patterns link modem include steel beams between purlins
itUornntivfn to open ivnrk arcait. gallery (opposite lower left). The inserts to the proportional scheme and a new plywood diaphragm for
irhithrrfor rnminl utrrntufrom most smi4iht-nfter conference, room of the l!)Oi warehouse ntnirtnre, each floor, strapped to the exterior
Iho nffrc UimlHrnpc (opjxn^ilo right), is (m the fifth floor, hcnenth the thmigh the juxtaposition of sleek v)alls by fmlts with neoclassical
or for srheduhd mrrlin(,<, and skylight at the hrnd of the stairs. painted surfaces against the patina rosette-patterned heads.
prrHv-ntnlions. Varied dimensions iJiagonah, stepped profiles, and of time-worn wood and brick
iitiddrgrrrs of enclosure provide a gables echo the configuration of the heightens the contrast between new
choice of rvvironmenis—ranging focal stairway as well as the and old Besides the introduction of
from the iin-xqvnrc-foot conference silhouette of the penthouse pavilion fire stairs, elevators, and direct
room behind a niche off the ground- (inverted gable forms in the access for the handicapped, the
floor lobby (belmv), to smaller conference rooms house circular existing fabric was brought up to

1. Waiting
^ r ^ eft 2. Conference
H 1X1 ra n ri n H kiJ M_,. ID
3. Reception
i. Gallery/display
'-12-^ 5. Hvac
tJH

13
l»

r
mm 6. Business Space Design
(interiorn)
•IT—-4 7. Open
o o S. Computer
'.• \
9. Work area
1^
[
o
' 1 11
o
'',••', W. Ijibrary
II. Technical library
n _.ji It. Kitchen and vendino
- ..—^
L . . Li-r»i • - \ IS. Lunch room
m •:•!' £ • ; — «

-m
 The glazed penthouse opens onto a electronically operable. Landscape
deck with views ofPuget Sound plans for the deck comprise potted
and the Olympic Mountains. This trees, a hedge rooted in planters,
airy belvedere is a lunchroom and and an ivy-clad Corinthian capital
all-purpose getaway from, the brought from the garden of NBBJ's
offices by day, and a starlit former office uptown
pavilion for parties and receptions
at night. Entirely solar-heated
throughout the winter, the
greenhouse is naturally ventilated
during the warmer seasons.
Windows at the peak are

The NBBJ Group Headquarters

Seattle
Owner:
South Jackson Street Associates
Architects:
The NBRJ Group-Stuart Charles,
principal-in-charge; Dennis
Forsyth, prefect manager; Mark
Helenius, technical architect;
Patrick James, designer; Rysia
Nowaczyk-Suchecka, interior
designer
Interior desi((ii:
Business Space Design
Structural engineers:
Ratti/Fossatti Associates
Contractors:
J.M. Rafn Company (general); Air-
Con, Inc. (hvac); Phoenix
Mechanical (plumbing/sprinkler);
Collins Electric Co. (electrical)
Custom furniture:
Tallahan/Loop Corporation

T
 16
can service as a reminder to clients, that if a skillful architect cannot
find a spectacular view, he can build one. Despite the dazzling stairway
of this building, I agree with the usage of balconies. It helps to
reinforce the visual connection between floors. I like the idea of a
penthouse that opens on to a deck with views. Not only can one use it
for a lunchroom and an all purpose office area, but also it can be used
for receptions. Another point about this building is it has a sense of
openness. The workstations seem to be flexible; it seems to have an
open-landscape office plan.

It seem to me that newer is not always better. By this, I mean that

old buildings can be remodeled to work like new ones. The NBBJ Group
Headquarters building is 80 years old. It was a warehouse in Seattle's
Historic Pioneer Square District. Another example, the Daroff Design
Headquarters Building was an old garage. This building was remodeled to
an unique open office building.

INTERVIEW WITH AN ARCHITECT AT BGR

Architect: Mike Bridges

Question: What kind of activities go on in an architect's firm. By
this, I mean describe the management system, production
system, and an overall system.
Mike: It's different from office to office. Depending on the size
of the firm. We are some what a larger than most offices
here in Lubbock. We use a Manager Concept Project where a
single person is responsible for a project, from the time
they meet with the client until they finish the project. So
we have our office organized around a system of Manager
 17
Concept Project. As I said, we have more than one M.C.P. and
as they carry a job through each of the different phases of a
project they go to the different department and collect a
team of people to work with him. We have a design department
that takes care of the primary drawings and the design
developing phase of a project. We also have an architectural
production section that takes care of the architectural
working drawings. Also, we have a structure and mechanical
department, as we have a specification writer, which he just
writes specifications. Our office is organizes into those
offices and Manager Concept Project System. Now, you will
not fine that kind of organization in smaller firms. This
office, for example, has 30 to 40 people working at any one
time. Where most offices being smaller will use one person
to do duplication of a task. For example, you might have one
person doing the primary design development, working draw-
ings, and specification all on one project.
Question: How would you design your own firm for 20 people, and what
kind of spaces would you have?
Mike: One of the most important things in relation to having 20
people would be flexibility. I feel that it is often over
looked by architects when they start doing their own offices,
they tend to build little cubicles that are inflexible. I
would like to have a space that is flexible. The reason for
this is, that a space with flexibility could easily be
changed to meet the needs of personnel and the departments.
 18
Here in this office, right now, we are remodeling and having
to relocate these departments. It is a little bit easier
since our office is so flexible. Generally, if you are
staying busy, you don't have time to tear down our office and
put it out of commission. So, if I were designing my own
office I would be as flexible as possible using moveable
partitions and landscape type furniture. So one could change
quality when they need it. Also, I would have to make some
provision for private space and meeting spaces. So for me,
my office would be flexible.

Question: Describe our library system, and what kind of information is

stored there?
Mike: The library system that BGR has is quite big. We have so
much material that we have it in a spare library. Some of
the items in our library are catalogs, suppliers catalogs,
and we have that divided into parts. By this, I mean each
department has their own catalogs. We also have suite
catalogs and general reference materials that is available to
anyone. There is also a great deal of loose paper type of
information that is filed in file drawers. Also, you have
our reference book that has to be at close hand. We also
have microfilm of all of our past projects.
Question: I have noticed that a lot of firms are going more into a
computer type system for graphics. Does BGR use one?

Mike: Yes, that is true, a lot of firms are using computers. We

are not using a computer to help us in our graphic design.
 19

We use our computer very much, but not for that purpose. We

use computers for structure design and for accounting. Now

we do use a computer for specification purposes.

Question: What about storage space for equipment?

Mike: Individual we provide each draftman with a drafting table,

which is typical drafting table with top drawers and side
drawers. They also have a layout table, roll drawers and a
file drawer for storage of their equipment.

Question: What about storage for the office?

Mike: The storage for the office is very important. The reason for
this is that the older the office gets the more storage space
they need. We have a storage building out in the back, also
two mini-warehouse full with old projects. This office is 34
years old and one can accumulate a lot of drawings. I
generally feel that an architectural office should have a
great deal of storage space. Not to include storage space
for our computer and the library.

Question: What kind of space do you have for a break room?

Mike: We have a coffee bar with a refrigerator and a microwave
oven. It has a small sink and some counter top area. The
break area is a 15'-0" X 20'-0" room with chairs and tables
and a couple of lounge chairs. It is not big but it is nice
to have.

Question: What type of space would a receptionist require?

Mike: O.K., most of the time the receptionist is going to act as a

receptionist for the client, contractor, and for anyone
 20
coming in the office. She will handle all in-coming tele-
phone calls. Generally, the receptionist is responsible for
issuing the plan to the contractor and to the client when the
job is finished. Another duty is to distribute mail in the
office. Depending on the size of the firm she can be doing a
lot of things. For example, she could be doing typing,
accounting, or making bills. I think that the receptionist
area from a client stand point is a crucial one. The image
that you produce here is important to the client. Here is
where the client is going to get a feel of what our firm
does. It does not need to be a large space but needs to be
attractive.

Question: What about a lighting system?

Mike: I would like something in the way of a lower general lighting
level not a ceiling filled with light fixtures and the use of
some good task light at each workstation.
Question: Where do you take a client to talk to him, in a conference
room or do you have another room for this?
Mike: No, we use the conference as a meeting place and will have a
client room. We have two conference rooms in this office.
We have a small conference room that we use as a private
office to talk with clients. Also, we have a large con-
ference room that we use for department meetings. I think
you got to have a client room because you don't want your
client to go into the work area unless you are giving him a
tour.
 21

Question: How does your firm handle communication problems?

!!!i!<i* Well, usually the larger the firm is the more communication
problems they have. We try to address that by holding weekly
staff meetings. This is where we get all of the department
heads and try to set our priorities straight. From a stand-
point, I believe that these weekly meetings are very helpful
in communication process.

Question: How do you feel about a building that will occupy architects,
engineers, interior designers, and their related fields?
Mike: Well, all of these fields are very closely related. For
example, the practice that we have and with that many per-
sonnel and the size we are, we almost have to be in the same
location because we have very strong working relation between
the departments. On a daily bases we depend on each other
for information. The structure engineer cannot do a struc-
ture system unless they can communicate with the architect
for special information. So I believe it is very difficult
to work any other way but in a close working process.

INTERVIEW WITH BGR INTERIOR DESIGNER

Designer: Terry Moorason

Question: If you were to design your own office, what kind of spaces

would you have, and how would you go about it?

Terry: Well, the first thing I would do is design a simple room to

hold all of my sample materials and architectural finishes

and that would be my first priority. Also, a large room

 22
where I could lay out my samples and leave them out there. I
would also like to have a room with lots of space.

Question: What about an area where you might have ten interior design-
ers working for you, what type of space would you have?

Terry: I would use an open office system where they would have a
drafting table and a layout table behind them or to the side.
Also, I would provide lots of shelf space for their catalogs.
Question: What about storage for their equipment?
Terry: Probably minimum storage at their working area since most of
their storage will be held in the simple room.
Question: In this drafting area, what kind of light system would you
use?
Terry: I would be happy with a mixture of lights. Some indirect
with home direct.
Question: What about natural lighting?
Terry: Well, in some what. We have quite a bit in the area that I
am in right now, and it is causing a great problem. I wish
we could do something about it like redirect it and use it to
our advantage.
Question: Does the interior department have a library system?
Terry: Right now, we do not have what you call a library. Most of
our books are at the workstation. But if I have one, I would
locate in a central area where all of the designers could
have access to it.
Question: What would you include in this library? I noticed that lots
of firms are using computers, would you have one or not?
 23
Terry: Oh yes, computers would be a necessity. Right now we work in
a computer system. As a matter of fact over 50 percent of my
design work is done on a computer. But you still need a
library to keep all of the new books in.

Question What about a break room?

Terry: I do not feel we need one. I would like a central officer or

a seating area with a small break area that can be concealed
behind doors or that can be used as a conference combination
room.
Question If you had a client, where would you take him, to a con-
ference room or a private office?
Terry: It would depend on how you were going to work with him. I
would take him to the conference room. I would not take him
to the work area or take him to the sample room because it
would be easier to show him or her the samples in there than
it would be in the conference room.

INTERVIEW WITH AN ENGINEER AT BGR

Engineer: Joe Riggs (Structural)

Question: What are some of the activities that go on in an engineer

office.
Joe: Basically, we have to interact with the project architect.

We have to be involved in ever early on design concept as far

structure system, materials to be used, and the type of

building that he is going to have, so we can guild in a more

efficient building cost wise.

 24
Question: Assume a client walks in and his son is going to need an
office, what kind of space would he need?

Joe- Space that you are going to need will depend on the size of
operation you are going to have.

Question: Assume you design an office for 15 people.

Joe: A 15-person firm you are going to need one engineering office
that is going to be very much private. The reason for this
is that he is going to deal with employer and business. Then
you would need three or four license engineers in there.
THey would need an area that would include a layout area,
possibly a drafting table and a desk. The drafting table is
optional these days. From there you would need a couple of
draftsmen per engineer. Each one of those would need a
drafting table and a layout table, and a little bit of filing
space. Also, you would need a conference room and a general
plan file, business file, and printing areas. That all could
be together depending on how limited you are. Then you go
into the computer area and minimum you are going to need one
computer for the project engineers. They could spare, but
ideally each one could have their own.

Question: In this computer room would you have periodicals, specifi-

cations, or maybe old drawings?

Joe: Well, that's a good point. I would not do that as far as a

P.C. is for design work. Ideally you would have it close to
the design engineers for easy access. It is kind of hard for
an engineer to walk across a building for just ten minutes of
 25
input work and walk all the way back. It is not worth it.
Ideally each one would have it right there on their own desk.
Now for a KAT system. Where I think everybody is at and
where everybody is going for. You need a room that is closed
off. A room that has control access and does have some
storage area. As far as old stuff that should be stored in a
place that is accessible and organized, but not on a daily
basis. We did not cover the receptionist area. A 12- to
15-person office now needs one receptionist and one person
who is an office manager.

Question: What about a break room?

Joe: Personally, I have to get up and get away from my desk. In

human nature, I think that people just want to sit somewhere
else and see something different. Break area does not make a
whole lot of difference as long as it is causal, put your
feet up and relax. I thought it would be neat to have an
inside-outside break area but the problem with that is
communication when you are outside. The phone call comes in
so fast that you have to act on them all day long. I do not
know if its like that in all businesses. But in this busi-
ness, it is. Especially, if a guy is waiting to hang a beam
and the details are not all that clear. You know that person
does not want to wait for somebody to go look for you outside
on our break.

Question: You mention draftmen, do you think they would need storage

area?
 26
Jo6: Yes and no. Most of their storage is going to be provided
with the drafting table. And that usually comes with plan
storage and equipment storage. What I mean by no is that
they do not need all that much storage space. The person who
does need storage space is the main engineer. He has a lot
of reference books, catalogs, and general information that
fills his office. The draftmen really do not need storage
for books.

Question: Do you think that the printing area needs good ventilation.

Joe: I would put it in an area that can be exhausted. Because

once that stuff gets out, it is terrible to really work
comfortably. And there is not a printing process that does
not use ammonia.
Question: What about an office for your project manager?
Joe: The project manager, no matter what kind of organization, is
going to need an office. The placement of his office can be
so important because he has to have access to every single
person in the office. Well, not everybody but he needs to
know where the main people are and they must be able to get
to him.
ACTIVITY ANALYSIS
 27

ACTIVITIES

For each job that enters the office, one architect will be assigned

to oversee that project until the job is finished.

Architect

• Design of activity building spaces from program.

• Responsible for construction document and specification.

' To visualize client needs and to help him put it on paper (blue-
prints).
• To help relationship between client and contractor.
' To oversee the construction.

Structural Engineer
• Help design structures of buildings.

• To help in structural specifications.

Mechanical Engineer
• Help in design of electrical system.

• Design H.V.A.C. system.

• Design plumbing and plumbing specification.
• Design lighting system and lighting specification.

Interior Design
' Design of interior spaces.
• Selection of furnishings in buildings.

• Selection of materials inside of spaces.

• Color coordination.
 28
Landscape Architect

Design of exterior site of building.

Landscape plans.
' Selection of proper plants.

FUNCTIONS
Architectural

This space will consist of separate office spaces for each princi-
pal, drafting space for design development and drafting space for working
drawings. Each of the principal office will contain plan storage, a
drafting table, and a desk. Now the drafting space will comprise a
drafting table, layout space and equipment storage space. Space for
catalogs and reference materials should also be provided. Access is
required to the computer room and library as well as to other space.

Engineer
The engineer department will consist of five engineer offices with
drafting space and desk space required. Also, catalog storage area with
plan storage and storage for equipment. Access to other space and
computer room as well as access to library.

Mechanical Engineer
The mechanical engineer department will also consist of five offices

with drafting space and desk space as required. Also, drafting spaces

with layout spaces for draftsmen. Space for catalog storage as well as

plan storage and storage for equipment. Access to computer room as well

as to the library.
 29
Interior Design

The interior design department will consist of four offices as well

as desk space. Space for draftsmen and catalogs and materials. Also,
space will be needed for layout of material. Storage for plan and
equipment. An individual vault for storage of company products and a
small showcase room. Also, access to computer room as well as to the
library.

Landscape Architect
The landscape department will consist of two offices with drafting
space and desk space as required. Will need storage space for plans,
catalogs, and equipment. Access to other spaces and library.
 O f * f t » n e " uie drawer!
and 'e«er»nce jrea
bcrimd rt»em

30
iy
Ad«uilat>*« rn«tat or w o o d l«gi. 5S '/«• T O * *
Oraftinq 8i/or cnqinccrinq t«b(e availjble in AOJUSTMEMT
wood. itc«< or in combination. Various drawer Adjutti to rlesired height by foot pedal,
and pcdenat arranqements available. Sec manu-
eo takei any stop, vertical or horizontal.
facturer'* literature

•'2"

••e s «o"
4--J-
"Auto-*iiit" providei
drawinq and 'eference in
only 36 iq ft Of "nan

F»l.AM
• A«iC TABUC
" A U T O - « M i r T " OMAWINO TABCC

3S" t 96 a i2o
Tracing tablet are oth 72- » e«"
i

n
tainable with 22" x 1 • - . _ '••r--. *e a SO"
24" or 24" x 36" glass 1'—I'—i'
tracing units.

Variation of tracing !•- Portable boards avail- Adjustat>le trestles or hor-

bit available on base able with tracing areas ses available; adjust from
similar to ja«c table. up to 24" I 36 3/4". 39" to 47" io height. PC A N
TNACINO TABLCS T n e « T i . c « • aoAMOf
O R A F T I N O a T R A C I N O T A B L E S , T R C S T L C e a B O A R D e

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PARALCEI. • T R A I O M T EDOCS

3 « ' * A R M S STAtslOARO Sizes shown an obtaifv

30" a 36" SPECIAL
able from leading sup-
FIXED MT VARUVBUE ^.AfiTj
pliers and manufactur-
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PLANS o r OWAFTINO UNITS

•CA(.c> l/4''.|'-0"
 31

METHOC* O F
ASSEMBLY ALLOWS
INDIVIDUAL H E I G H T
ADJUSTMENT

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DRAFTING TABLE WITH ADJUSTABLE W O R K I N G SURFACE HOLLOW CORE DOOR TABLE ON

ADJUSTABLE T O P SAWHORSES

Drafting and/or engineering table is available in wood. Several manufacturers produce an array of drawing A serviceable drawing board can be inexpensively
In steel, or n combination. Various drawer and tables with adjustable tops, optional footrests, and constructed with a flush door set on sawhorses, file
pedestal arrangements are available. pencil drawers. cabinets, or blocks.

ROTATES
360' OTHER
BOARD SIZES: COMPONENTS
29.S" X ALS^'ITS X lOS C M I CAN BE
31.S" X 47.3" ( B O X I 2 0 C M 1 ASSEMBLED TO
31.S" X S5" ( BO X I 4 0 C M I CREATE
COORDINATED
WORK S T A T I O N

ADJUSTABLE
T I L T T O SO*
ADJUSTABLE
HEIGHT, ADJUSTABLE
VARIOUS S i z e s : 2 0 " X 2SV 2 4 " X 3 6 " a 3 6 " X 4 8 " HEIGHT AND
TILT
FLUORESCENT TRACING TABLE

COUNTERBALANCED AUTOMATIC PANEL-HUNG DRAFTING BOARD

DRAFTING TABLE

HEIGHT 35"
FIXED H T . VARIABLE VARIABLE T A B L E - T O P : 5 1 " X BA"
INOIVtOUAL TA6K LIOMTINO IS SB" TO 3 0 " SEAT H E I G H T S SEAT
ADJUSTABLE FROM 26'• l-EIGHTS SERVICE TABLE
ncQuifteo roR ORAPHIC WORK FROM l7'/2"
STATIONS. rmORCSCCNT AVAILABLE TO 3 2 "
r i x T U R C IS BC8T, BUT ALSO T O 34" Service table provides a large worktop and integral
IISICANOCSCCNT LIOHT MAV SC
SUITABLC. COMBINATION storage compartments. Entire offices can t>e furnished
riKTURCa ARE AVAILABLC. MOST STOOLS AND CHAIRS
UNITS CAN BC CLAMPCO OR with coordinated units.
SCRCWCO ONTO TMC OCSK
OE8K LAMPS
PLASTIC
WIRE GUIDES MAINTAIN

RULES ARE
AVAILABLE I N AVAILABLE L E N G T H S
WOOD. METAL. RANGE F R O M l e • U P
AND PLASTIC. W I T H DRAFTING MACHINE
TO 6 0 IN 6'
DRAWING EDGE o r INCREMENTS
CLEAR PLASTIC S I Z E S
RANGE F R O M 3 0 " L O N G Clamp on device combir>es parallel rule, inanqles,
UP T O 7 2 " L O N G protractor, and scalev Especially U K I U I lor technical
drawing with lew long lines. Siraighi edgt^i can be had
TRADITIONAL T SQUARE in several scales arni are mterchanqrable
PARALLEL RULE

<](o)
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WALL M O U N T E D S H E E T SIZES
PLAN CAP DATA FILES L E N G T H UP
1 ' / . • X 8 • X I I Va TO 52". W I D T H
15 VH
S H E E T WIDTHS 18" T O 4 2 '
12" T O 48"
IO r R A W E R
UMI"'
l5Vs"
WALL M O U N T E D
RACK FILES
ROLL FILE
FOR FRICTION
TYPE BINDERS
i5''i I S " T O 54' AT
6" I N T E R V A L S
S DRAWER
UNIT

I DRA\A/ER NOTE' TUBULAR EXTENSIONS

UNIT ARE AVAILABLE TO
WALL RACK ACCOMMODATE 72" SHEET
FILE V A R I A T I O N S AVAILABLE LENGTHS
3 DRAWER O N ROLLING STANDS
UNIT ROLLING STAND

PIVOT FILING SYSTEM

2 DRAWER
UNIT V E R T I -
CAL F I L E S SHE ET SIZES: NO. OF TUBES
24" X 4eV 3 0 " X 48" 2 7 . 4 8 . A N D lOe
36" X 60V AND SO TUBE SIZES
3 DRAWER 42" X 60" 4'/2V S V g V A N D
UNIT V E R T I - 2'/e"
CAL FILES

FLUSH BASE

SANITARY
BASE

BASE LEGS
5 % ' T O 19*8"

PLAN FILE SYSTEM

STEEL S H O W N , W O O D SIMILAR; DEPTH
28'/a" T O 5 0 ' ^ " ; W I D T H < » 0 * / « " T 0 79^/,^
DRAWER E X T E N D S 26" TO 42"
30" TO 47 C A B I N E T CLIP FILE CABINET VERTICAL FILES CABINET ROLL FILE

CABINET FILES

STACK HEIGHT
AS REQUIRED.
ADJACENT
STACKS CLIP
TOGETHER
FOR LATERAL
STABILITY

TRANSPARENT
PLASTIC STORAGE
TUBE 2" DIAMETER
13" T O 5 5 " L E N G T H S

N O T E ! S Y S T E M ALLOWS
USER T O ADO METAL STORAGE TUBE
MODULAR C O M P O N E N T S AS NEEDED 2'/a" AND 4" DIAMETER
FILING B I N D E R S , TUBE POOS. 12 Va" 31" T O 55" L E N G T H S
DRAWERS. ENVELOPES,
CABINET AND BOX r O L O E R S ARE
ACCESSORIES ROLL FILE UNITS VERTICAL PLAN FILE

MODULAR FILE SYSTEMS POCKET FILE STORAGE TUBES

3 TYPES
O F HANCiERS

WALL RACK

WALL RACK

VERTICAL DRAWING FILE CADDY RACK VERTICAL FILE SHEET HANGERS

J"*" R. Hoka, * . , AIA, Architect; Washington. D.C.

fl^
 49

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45
 46

ZONING ORDINANCE
Yards

There shall be a minimum building setback of ten (10) feet from the

front property line for non-residential uses.

Off-Street Parking

Professional office - one space per 200 sq. ft. of gross floor area.

Landscaping

Five (5) percent of the total development lot area shall be land-
scaped and permanently maintained. The total required landscaping shall
be located between the building lines and the adjacent street.
Codes Administration Department
Municipal Building
1625 13th Street, Room 105

SITE DESCRIPTION
The design center is located in the northeast section of the Overton
Plan. The site is made up of one square block starting from Avenue Q to
Avenue R and from 8th Street to 10th Street. Avenue Q and 8th Street are
the main access streets. The existing conditions of our site are strict-
ly trade usage. Orientation of our environment is primarily divided into
two parts. The west portion consists of residence zoning. It includes
an apartment complex (Iron Gates) and a couple of abandon houses. The
east portion consists of commercial buildings. It includes a 7-Eleven
Store, a Laundry-Mat, and an abandon building (Public Service Company).
The design center office is in a business district, which is heavily
commuted daily by passing motorists.
48
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 33

Schematic Overlook of Design Process

Client

Schematic
Design

Architect
Design
Development
Architect
Draftman
Interior Designer
Draftman
Working Drawning
and Specification
Architect
Draftman
Engineer
Draftman
Mechanical Engineer

Draftman
Landscape Architect

Draftman

Finished Building
Office Management (head of each department)
Architect
Engineer
Mechanical Engineer
Interior Designer
Landscape Architect
 34
RECEPTION AREA

Th receptionist's desk affirms the entrance door's message: you

have arrived and this is what we are like.'^'^ The desk the receptionist
sits behind to greet visitors establishes the company's style immedi-
ately. Imagine the Statute of Liberty as an office building. This may
give some idea of the double function the receptionist's desk serves.
One, it emblems of welcome, it also serves as a place where work is done.
These places must be functional and convey the company's image.
Packages, messages, mail, and incoming calls all are received here, not
to mention visitors. If the receptionist types, the typewriter should be
placed so that the receptionist has enough privacy to concentrate and
have enough light to see the task at hand.

Incorporated into this area will be a reception area with seats. Of

course, seating is absolutely necessary here. Comfortable seating
15
enhances the welcome already established at the entrance. This recep-
tionist space will be the control point of all incoming traffic and as
such should be located with visual access to the entry. Display areas
will also be incorporated into this space.

OFFICE MANAGER
The office manager is in charge of general office procedures. This
person will be the general coordinator of office activities from con-
tracts to contract document allocation to contractors. He will also
service as a advisor to owners. This space should be located within the
general reception area with ease of access to principal offices.
 I •' • r

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Secretarial posture
ohair Secretarial desk

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legal 18 50 29
Filing cabinet
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36
 37

ACCOUNTANT
The accountant will take care of the books, payroll, and bills.

t
00
CM

26"

s
CM
CM

Desk

PRODUCTION ROOM

The production room will be used by most employees for varying time

periods. One employee will operate the varitype machine. Xerox, print-

ing, and specification binding equipment will also be located in this

space. Adequate counter space will be provided around varitypist and

vinding equipment. This is generally a noisy area, so acoustics should

be good.

CONFERENCE ROOM
Conference rooms, in a sense, are like board rooms without the
ceremonious atmosphere. Many of the same factors should be taken into
consideration when designing them. For example, air-conditioning
 38

requirements, ancillary room for audiovisual equipment, and telephone

access. The conferences room is where presentations are often made for

the first time. The design of the conference room should provide calm,

neutral backdrop for visual presentations, with light that emphasizes the
17
materials presented. In addition to projection screens, the conference

room could include a magnetic board and display walls on which to tack up
material.

A conference room of five to ten people works best when held around
18
an oval table. The chairs should not be spaced to close nor too far
apart from one another and pivot in all directions enabling the other
participants to politely face whomever is speaking. The conference
room's wall should not encroach on the table.
Meetings with clients and interoffice conferences will be held in
this space. The conference room should be located within easy access to

principal offices.

BREAK ROOM
The break room should be a place where people sit and relax. Also
where employees can stash their snacks in a small refrigerator or pantry
19
cupboards, while the employer supplies coffee and a coffee maker.
Stove and sink might be provided as well as counter space. Vending

machines might be included as well as a water fountain and restrooms.

This space should be segregated from visitors and have easy access for

the employees.
 ROUND RECTANGULAR
APPROXIMATE APPROXIMATE
DIAMETER CIRCUM SEATING WIDTH LENGTH SEATING
80" 25- 1" 10 12 20'0 " 20-22
50"
70" 2V.8" B-10 46" 180" 18-20
60" 18-9" 7-8 4-6" 16'0" 16-18
50" 15'7" 6-7 4-6" 14'^" 14-16
4'6" 14- 1" 5-6 40" 12'^" 12-14
40" 12'6" 5-6 4-0" ll'O" 10-12
3'6- iro" 4-5
RECTANGULAR TABLE (TYPICAL)
4'0" lO'-O" 10-12
4 0" SO- 8-10
40" SO" 8-10
BOAT SHAPED 3'6" 90" 8-10
3'^" 8"-0" 8-10
WIDTH
APPROXIMATE 3'6" 76" 6-8
CENTER END LENGTH SEATING
36" 7'-0" 6-8
60' 4-0" 20'0" 20-24
30" 7'0"' 6-8
5'6' 40" 18'0" 18-20
30" 6'^" 6-8
5'-6" 40" 16'0" 16-18
2-6" 5"-6" 4-6
50' 36" 14'0" 14-16
2'6" 5"^" 4-6
4'-6" 3'^" 12'0" 12-14
4'-0" 3'2" iro" 10-12 SQUARE
4'0" 3'2" lO'O" 10-12 BOAT SHAPED TABLE ( TYPICAL )
APPROXIMATE
3'6" 3'-0" 9'0" 8-10 WIDTH LENGTH SEATING
3'6" 3--0" 8'-0' 8-10 50" 5-0" 8-12
3'0" 2-10" 7'-0" 6-8 4-6" 4'6" 4-8
3'0" 2'-10" 6'-0" 6-8 4"-0" 4-0" 4-8
3-6" 3-6" 4
3'-0" 3"-0" 4

W 72" W S4"
D 38" D S4" O 30"
H 28 '/3" H 29" M 2 9 V4," . ^ ^
EXECUTIVE TABLE DESK ANDRE TABLE OMEGA DESK TABLE
KNOLL INTERNATIONAL KNOLL INTERNATIONAL STENOIO INCORPORATED

W
D
47 !«• "
47 'A ••
7 0 V*"
I
48" 35 '/i'"
H 2B »/. " 2B" 2 8 V."

DINING TABLE CONFERENCE/DINING TABLE MAGISTRETTI TABLE

KNOLL INTERNATIONAL ZOGRAPHOS DESIGNS LTD. ATELIER INTERNATIONAL LTD.

W
O
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SO"
33 '/a"
27 '/••"
42"
2 6 '/<»"
ie""-60""
29"
c!^
CONFERENCE/DINING TABLE EXECUTIVE TABLE ROUND/OVAL PEDESTAL TABLE
ATELIER I N T E R N A T I O N A L LTD. HERMAN MILLER, INCORPORATED VECTA CONTRACT

w 48 "-ea" w 72"
i8"-4a" D 36"
o
H 29"

CONFERENCE TABLE EXECUTIVE TABLE CONFERENCE TABLE

HOWE F U R N I T U R E CORP. HERMAN MILLER. INCORPORATED VECTA CONTRACT

ISO lncorpoi«t*d. Chicjgo. New York, Botlon. Houtlon

FURNITURE i
 39

LIBRARY
The office library can figure as a design feature in which case
20
particular attention should be paid to the material used for shelves.

For example, metal shelves are more economical, wood more luxurious and
more expensive. Adjustable shelves are the most efficient. To determine
just how much actual shelf one will need, reckon that approximately ten
books take up about a foot of shelf. Also, take into consideration
varying book sizes because library shelves should be designed for books
of all sizes. Most architects offices will have manufacturers' catalogs,
supplier's catalogs, and periodicals.

Storage for the books, documents, and files will also be a consid-
eration of this library. A large space will be provided for document
storage. One other function of the library is to be a reading area.
This area will provide people with enough room to spread out books and
papers and with surface where out-sized reference work can be conven-
iently consulted. The research area will be adjacent to the reading
area. Here tables and chairs are essential. So besides books, a firm
may wish to store films, tapes, slides, or microfiche in its library. In
this case, special temperature and humidity controls should be included.

No matter what a library holds, some sort of cataloging and informa-

22
tion retrieval system are necessary. Whether the library be assigned
card catalogs or computer, such elements should be incorporated into its

design. If computers are used to call up information, the glare from

23
their terminal screen should be deflected from the reading area.
40
 41

COMPUTER ROOM

The computer room space will be used by all employees. It will

contain a KAT system to help in graphic design, structure design, and

specifications. The computer room will be part of the library and

adjacent to the production room.

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 42

STORAGE

Storage space is used for housing of drafting supplies, drafting

papers, specification files, periodicals, models, and miscellaneous
storage.

Interior designer needs a vault to be able to store their material

that companies send them for a sample of products.
Janitor storage contains a sink and storage for cleaning equipment
and supplies.

Mechanical storage will house the HVAC system, and water heater.
These units must be capable of providing comfortable temperatures as well
as even humidity.
Parking space should be available for both employees and customers.

# OF SQUARE FOOTAGE FOR SPACES

Space Summary Net Sq. Ft.

Reception Area 400

Office Manager 200
Accountant Office 150
Production Room 300
Conference Room 400

Break Room 300

Library 1>100
Computer Room 200

Storage
Mechanical Room
Janitor Storage 105^ of Net Gross
Parking 200 sq. ft./per space 100 parking spaces
 43
Space Summary Net Sq. Ft.

Architectural Offices 5 @ 300 1,500

Engineers Offices 5 0 300 1,500
Mechanical Engineers Office 5 0 300 1,500

Landscape Architects 4 @ 300 1,200

Interior Design Office 4 0 300 1,200
Interior Design Vault 500

Interior Design Layout Space 400

Interior Design Storage Area 400
Showcase Area 200
Staff Restrooms 200
Draftmen's Area 40 0 400 1,600
Coat Storage Area 200
Subtotal Net Sq. Ft. 13,450*
*Not including storage and mechanical area.
Circulation
Allow 38 sq. ft. per person for circulation.
Source
Found in Office Space: Analyzing Use and Estimating Needs
by T. J. 0. De Wolf & D. N. Henning
March , 1980
SITE ANALYSIS
 44

SITE
The site for this proposed designer's center is in the Overton
Revitalization Plan in Lubbock, Texas. The site location is in the
north-east sector of the Overton Plan. The site will be made up of one
square block, starting from Avenue Q to Avenue R and from 8th Street to
9th Street. Avenue Q and 8th Street are the main access streets.

The Overton Revitalization Plan covers a one square mile area. The
area location is from 4th Street to 19th Street and from University
Avenue to Avenue Q. The location is between two great components of the
city, Texas Tech University on the west side and the Lubbock downtown
business area on the east side.
 52
Lubbock County
'ABERNATHY

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 53

Downtown Lubbock

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 58
SOIL
Acuff-Amarillo-Olton Association: nearly level to gently sloping,
deep, noncalcareous and calcareous fine sandy loams and loams.

The Acuff-Amarillo-Olton is mainly found in this area. The soil

condition on the site (8th and Avenue Q) is mainly acuff.

Acuff Series

The acuff series consists of deep, loamy soils on upland. The soil
has a slope of 0 to 3 percent (Soil Survey of Lubbock, County, Texas).

Soil Ranges (inches)

0" to 12" Brown loam, weak fine grandular and subangular blocky struc-
ture.

12" to 20" Reddish brown sandy clay loam, moderate coarse prismatic
structure.
20" to 28" Reddish brown sandy clay loam, moderate coarse primatic
structure, hard.
28" to 38" Yellowish red sandy clay loam, weak coarse primatic struc-
ture.
38" to 58" Pink sandy clay loam, weak coarse prismatic structure.
58" to 80" Reddish yellow sandy clay loam, weak coarse prismatic struc-
ture.
Dr. B. L. Allen, professor at Texas Tech University noted that in the
area of the site a very hard calcareous loam is found. He said that the
acuff soil has an interrated calacareous where one had to use some
blasting to get through it. For instance, when they made the storm
sewage on Avenue R some 15 years ago. The machine used where digging a

path of about 12 feet wide and the teeth would always break off. So, the

soil is not described as in having it but sometimes in that area it does.

 59

(Interview with Dr. B. L. Allen about the acuff soil, professor in the

P.S.S. Department, 1986.)

Physical Properties of Soil

Acuff: Depth 0-80 inches
Shrink-swell potential low
Risk of corrosion

1. Uncoated steel - moderate

2. Concrete - low

Soil Survey of Lubbock County, Texas

by Dan A. Blackstock, Soil Conservation Service
B. L. Allen, "Soil" interview, professor of soil. P.S.S.
Department, Room 263
 60
CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
Lubbock is located on a highland area of Northwestern Texas which is
referred as the South Plains Region. The general elevation of the area
is about 3,243 feet above sea level. This portion of Northwest Texas is
bounded on the east and southeast by the Cap Rock or better known as an
erosional escarpment. The South Plains are predominately flat but
contain numerous small clay lined depressions (playas).

The area is semi-arid. This is due to the desert condition on the

west and the humid condition to the east and southeast. The total
monthly rainfall occurs from May through September. This occurs when
moist tropical air is carried into the area from the Gulf of Mexico, The
rainfall ranges from a moderate to heavy afternoon thunderstorms, which
sometimes is accompanied by hail. Thunderstorms are associated primarily
with high winds. These high winds at times can cause significant damage.
The winds at times may excess 25 mph and last as long as 12 hours or
longer. Late winter and spring time low pressures are associated with
these winds. Spring time winds often bring a widespread of dust causing
discomfort to many residents.

Snowfall in this area starts in the late October month and lasts
until April. The snow is usually light and seldom remains on the ground
for more than three days at any one period.

The summer heat is not considered cruel. One factor of this is a

gentle wind that often reduces discomfort from the heat and lower temper-
atures into the 60's.

The climate of this region can be rated as a pleasant one. Most of

the disagreeable weather lasts a short duration.

 AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (DEGREE F°)

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual

1981 41.7 44.7 51.3 64.0 68.1 79.6 81.7 76.2 70.5 59.7 53.4 44.0 61.2
1982 39.7 42.4 53.7 59.3 67.8 73.5 80.3 81.1 74.4 60.6 48.6 38.3 60.3
1983 32.5 42.8 51.0 54.8 65.9 74.0 80.6 80.4 74.7 63.6 52.4 31.7 58.7
1984 37.9 45.1 44.7 58.0 71.2 76.9 78.3 78.2 69.3 59.5 49.5 43.9 59.8
1985 35.6 43.9 52.3 63.0 70.0 75.5 79.7 81.5 71.4 61.2 49.8 38.0 60.8

Record

Means 38.4 42.7 50.1 60.2 58.8 77.3 79.8 78.1 71.4 61.1 48.7 41.2 59.8
Max 32.5 57.3 64.9 74.3 82.7 90.6 92.0 90.3 83.7 74.6 62.5 55.1 73.4
Min 24.3 28.1 35.2 45.7 55.0 64.1 67.0 65.8 58.8 47.6 34.9 27.4 46.2

SNOWFALL (INCHES)

Year Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Total

1981-82 0 0 0 0 0 0 .5 2.7 T 0 0 0 3.2

1982-83 0 0 0 0 .4 6.8 25.3 3.4 T 5.3 0 0 41.2
1983-84 0 0 0 0 0 2.3 .5 1.7 T 0 0 0 4.5
1984-85 0 0 0 0 0 .1 2.0 T T 0 0 0 2.1
1985-86 0 0 0 0 0 1.7 0 T

Record

Mean 0 0 0 0 1.3 1.6 2.5 3.1 1.6 .2 0 0

T = Trace Amount

a>
 PRECIPITATION (INCHES)

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jijn JiJl Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual
1981 .32 .67 1.19 2.05 1.25 (.79 3 .35 5.41 1.78 5.39 .64 .20 23 .99
1982 .05 .39 .44 2.53 4.54 4,.99 2 .08 1.08 1.29 .48 1.18 1.45 21,.00
1983 2.75 .32 .55 .77 1.23 1,.79 ).41 .32 .39 10.80 .54 .36 20,.23
1984 .03 .17 .23 .23 .45 4,.32 .53 3.72 .15 1.74 1.87 1.18 14..63
1985 .38 .27 1.19 .48 2.97 4,.51 3,.94 .63 4.73 3.60 .027 .18 23,.15
Record

Means .52 .53 .82 1.09 2.80 2..82 2..25 2.09 2.06 2.03 .61 .46 18. 67

Geographic Location of Lubbock

* North latitude - 33° 35'
• West longitude - 101° 50'

SOLAR ALTITUDE AND BEARING

Date 8 a.m. 12 Noor1 8 P .m.

Alt. Brng. Alt. Brng. Alt. Brng.
oo
Jan 1 L. 6V = E of S 33 13° E of S *8 55'' W of S
11 2° 63 33 15 *10 56
21 2° 65 34 17 **2 65
Feb 1 3 67 36 18 **3 67
11 5 70 38 19 **5 70
21 7 73 41 21 **7 73
Date 8 a.m. 12 Noon 8 p.m.
Alt, Brng Alt. Brng Alt. Brng
Mar 1 9 75 45 22 **8 76
11 11 78 47 23 **10 80
21 14 81 52 25 **22 82
Apr 1 17 84 56 25 ***j 95
#11 6 96 60 28 ***2 98
#2] 9 98 64 30 ***3 102
May #1 11 19 67 35 ***5 105
#11 12 104 70 39 ***g 107
#21 3 113 73 70 7 104
Jun #1 4 115 64 76 9 112
#11 4 115 66 76 9 112
#21 3 116 66 77 10 111
Jul #1 3 116 64 77 10 111
#11 3 114 63 75 9 110
#21 3 116 66 77 10 111
Aug 1 11 104 61 68 8 107
11 9 102 59 63 8 104
21 9 99 58 57 4 101
Sep 1 7 96 55 53 3 98
11 6 92 54 47 ***22 88
21 4 88 50 41 ***g 85
Oct 1 3 84 47 38 ***g 82
11 3 80 45 34 ***4 79
21 1 77 43 30 •**2 77

CO
Date 8 ci.m. 12 Noon 8 p.m.
Alt. Brng. Alt. Brng. Alt. Brng.
Nov 1 11 65 40 0 *10 66
11 9 63 40 9 *8 63
21 6 62 37 10 *8 63
Dec 1 4 60 35 11 *7 58
11 4 59 34 11 *6 58
21 2 61 34 13 *8 56

# = 7 a..m.

* = 5 p..m.
** = 6 p..m.
*** = 7 p.,m.

Note: Designing with the LOF sun angle calculator.

 65

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SYSTEM PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
 66
SYSTEM PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
Structure System

1. All structural work shall conform to the standards set by the Uniform
Building Code (U.B.C.), 1982 edition.

2. The structure system shall be designed to allow for easy convertibil-

ity.

3. The inner portions of the structural system shall for the easy use of
moveable partition system and any unforeseen space changes.

4. The structural system shall allow for maximum flexibility in terms of

space rearrangement, partition movement, and furniture movement.
5. The structural system shall be so designed as to allow for easy
routing and flexibility in the H.V.A.C, plumbing, and electrical
systems.

ENCLOSURE SYSTEM
General

1. The materials used to enclose the structure shall conform to all

standards set by the U.B.C.
2. All enclosed materials shall require a minimum amount of upkeep in
order to cut down on maintenance costs.

Exterior

1. All enclosed material used shall be able to withstand the climatic

conditions of the Lubbock area with no change in physical appearance

unless otherwise specified (such as weathered steel).

 67
2. Exterior enclosed system shall be used in such a manner as to allow
for maximum efficient use of natural light through the use of clere-
stories, windows, and skylights.

3. All exterior enclosed material shall provide maximum energy conserva-

tion measures by reducing unwanted heat gain and heat loss into the
building.

Interior

1. All interior enclosure materials shall be so designed as to allow for

maximum flexibility in terms of work area rearrangement, enlargement,
and relocation.

2. All interior enclosure materials shall be constructed so as to be

able to withstand rough treatment by the tearing down an arrangement
of work spaces.
3. Flexibility in lighting and H.V.A.C. system shall be obtained through
the use of ceiling system which allows for easy and quick adjustment
and changes.
4. Moveable partitioning system shall be used where possible to maximize
the flexibility within the structure.
5. These systems shall not interfere with the routing of plumbing,
mechanical or electrical systems.

MECHANICAL SYSTEM

General
1. The mechanical system shall be designed to allow for controlled

conditioning of different spaces as needed.

 68
2. The mechanical system shall not hinder the flexibility of the spaces
which it serves.

3. The mechanical system shall be capable of operating efficiently both

during times of peak usage and limited usage.

HEATING SYSTEM
General

1. The heating system used shall be designed for high thermal effici-
ency, thus, minimizing heating cost. The possibility of conversion
to solar heating in the future shall be a definite consideration.

COOLING SYSTEM
General
1. The cooling system used shall be very efficient compared to the cost
of the system and cooling source requirement. The use of a water
cooled refrigeration equipment utilizing a cooling tower and condens-
ing water system will produce energy savings.

Ventilation
1. During favorable climatic conditions, the use of outside air for
cooling shall be a major concern. This will help reduce cooling

costs for the facility.

Flexibility
1. The heating and cooling system chosen shall b flexible in terms of
placement of ductwork, registers, and grills to allow for easy work

area rearrangement.
 69
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
General

1. All electrical work shall comply with the National Electrical Code.
2. All electrical systems shall be installed in a manner allowing for
maximum flexibility in space arrangement.

3. All electrical material used shall require a minimum amount of

maintenance.

Lighting

1. The type of lighting used shall allow for easy movement and replace-
ment in order to provide for maximum flexibility in space arrange-
ment.
2. The lighting system used should give off a minimum amount of sensible
heat.
3. The lighting system shall provide a minimum illumination
of 30
24
footcandles at work level and 40 footcandles in all other areas.

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

General
1. The fire alarm system shall be installed so that it can be heard in

all areas of the facility.

2. The fire alarm system shall be directly connected to the proper

authorities for fast, efficient action in case of fire.

3. Access to fire alarm boxes shall be made possible to all user groups

in the facility.
 70
SECURITY SYSTEM
General

1. The security system shall be simple in involving a little more than

alarm system, new key system, or electronic controls.

2. If outside help is to utilized, the consultant must be made complete-

ly familiar with the company operation and the procedures planned for

the departments in which security problems are prevalent.

25
3. Security is really a two- or three-pronged problem. In addition to
the corporated problem, there is also the personnel security problem

and the problem of building security.

EXITS

General

1. Two exits are required when the number of occupants exceeds thirty

people.

2. Access and egress is to be provided for physically handicapped

persons on grade floor only.

3. Occupant load is determined by dividing total area of building by

100.
4. At least two exits must be provided above first story. If only two
exits required, the distance between them is not to be less than i
the distance of the building measured diagonally, not to exceed 150'
2''
or 200' if automatic fire extinguisher system is used.
 71

DOORS
General

1. If total occupancy exceeds 50 people, doors shall swing in direction

28
of exit. Doors have to be openable without the use of a key from

the inside.
2. Doors shall be at least 3'4" wide and 6'8" tall, with a clear with of
29
not less than 28". Doors shall open at least 90°. Doors that open
30
over landings shall have landing length of at least 5'.
3. Corridors are to be at least 44" wide and 7" tall. No dead ends
31
greater than 20' long are permitted.

STAIRS

General
1. Stairways with occupant load of greater than 50 shall be at least 44"
wide.^^ Stairs with occupant load of less than 50 shall be at least
36" wide. Stair risers shall be less than 7i" tall and runners
33
greater than 10" wide.
2. Landings in the direction of travel shall be equal to the width of
stairs. Doors opening over landings shall have landing length of 5'.
34
No more than 12' vertical is allowed between landings.
3. Handrails shall be 30-34" above the nose of the tread. At least U

inches between wall and handrail.

35
4. Headroom clearance is to be at least 6'6".
5. Stairway construction is to be of a noncombustible material.
 72
RAMPS
General
1. Ramps are to be as wide as stairs. Ramps or elevators are required
for access or egress to the first floor.
2. The slope of ramps shall not exceed 1:10. Slopes of greater than
1:15 shall have 5' landings at the top and 6' landings at the bot-
tom. ^^
3. The surface of ramps is to be rough, nonslip material.
4. Exits with ramps have to be illuminated any time building is occupied
with a 5' high exit sign at required exit doorways.
APPENDIX
 73
PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING TECHNIQUES
The direct gain is the simplest to understand, most widely used, and
least expensive passive solar heating. Its principal drawback is the
tendency for wide temperature fluctuation where there is insufficient
thermal mass.
Advantages:

1. Lowest-cost passive solar energy system build.

2. The easiest passive solar energy technique to comprehend and to

incorporate within a structure.

3. South glazing admits solar radiation and provides a view of the

surrounding environment.

Disadvantages:

1. Possibility of unacceptable glare.

2. Unless shutters are used, may be a problem of privacy.

3. Direct sunlight may cause ultraviolet degradation of materials--
artwork.
The Trombe Wall has high temperature stability and except for occa-
sional cleaning is virtually maintenance free. Construction costs for a
Trombe Wall will be more than for a direct gain system. Instead of
placing thermal mass inside the building, the thermal mass is located
directly behind the south glazing.
Advantages:

1. Thermal mass wall have the most temperature stable living space.

2. Wall can serve as a structure element.

3. Fabric degradation and glare are reduced or eliminated.
 ''"Vi'.' '^v -VV X V ^ * V.

3-2 DIRECT GAIN: DAYTIME 3-8 MASS WALL: DAYTIME

OPERATION OPERATION

3-3 DIRECT GAIN: NIGHTTIME 3-9 MASS WALL: NIGHTTIME

OPERATION OPERATION

3-4 DIRECT GAIN MONTESSORI SCHOOL 3-10 MASS WALL INTERIOR VIEW
OMAHA, NEBRASKA

74
 75
Disadvantages:

1. Walls can obstruct views to outside.

2. Additional cost to the construction and installation of wall.
The solar greenhouse (sun space) is a popular technique for con-
struction and retrofit application. Problems can arise from mismatching
heating requirement space, as the space wall tends to over heat. This
technique works by using the winter sun shining through the south glazing
of the greenhouse and the common wall between the living space and sun
space. The heat goes through the wall and radiates into the living
space.
Advantages:
1. Buffer between outside condition and interior.
2. Solar greenhouse to grow plants.

3. Aesthetic focal point.

Disadvantages:
1. Construction cost is higher.
2. Humidity, insect infestation must be considered.

3. Movable shutter use to maintain night temperature above freezing

point.
 76
ummer
sun

3-13 SUNSPACE: DAYTIME

OPERATION

3-14 SUNSPACE: NIGHTTIME

OPERATION

3-16 SUNSPACE RETROFIT:

THOMSEN HOUSE LINCOLN. NEBRASKA

M^^ui .Mt^m^sm
 11
LUBBOCK, TEXAS . . . AT A GLANCE
I. General

Distances to major cities from Lubbock

Albuquerque 318 miles
Amarillo 120
Dallas 298
El Paso 298
Fort Worth 268
Midland 117
Elevation

3,243 feet above sea level

II. Population

1970 1980 1984 1985*

City 149,101 173,979 187,629 191,775
County 179,259 211,651 225,192 232,013
*Projection based on past growth rate.

III. Transportation
A. Rail
1. Atcheson, Topeka & Santa Fe
2. Burlington
B. Trucking
C. Bus
D. Air
1. American
2. Delta
3. Southwest
4. Aspen Air
IV. Local Government
Six single-member district councilmen and one mayor (elected at
large) determine policy for the City of Lubbock, which is executed
by an appointed city manager.
 78
Police Department

Number of Officers 247

Number of vehicles 200
Fire Department

Number of firefighters:
Non-civil service: 12
Civil service: 244

Administrative offices:
Fire stations: 23
Administrative Office: 1
Crash-fire rescue equipment:
Response unit (quick): 1
1,500 gal. foam truck: 1
3,500 gal. tanker truck: 1
Fire-fighting equipment:
Pumper trucks: 17
Snorkel trucks: o
Aerial ladders: c
Booster truck: 4
District chief vehicles: 6
2
Source: Lubbock Chamber of Commerce
P.O. Box 561
Lubbock, Texas 79408

DeciBel LEVELS OF TYPICAL COMMON-

PLACE SOUNDS AND ACTIVITIES
Apparent Loudness Examples dBA
Deafening Jet aircraft 140
Threshold of feeling 130
Very loud Thunder 120
Noisy industrial plant 100
Loud street noise 90
Loud Average street noise . ; .>V 70
Average office/congested dept. store 60
..' Moderate Moderate restaurant clatter 50
School classroom/private office 40
Faint Bedroom 30
> Rustling leaves 20
• Very faint Normal breathing : -• 10
Threshold of audibility -, »r j '. 0
1 ' 1
 79

J:.'
f ; ^ ^ f % ^ < ' ^ ^ ^ o f P " ^ riontask greasj; H ' 25 to 30 /:^:
t'^\ ation (corridor) areas" v.;,-:10 to 20

Conference rooms, nontask areas, 25 to 30

i^ ^^^l^^tc^oynge and, waiting areas: ; 25 to 30
i^^-
# ^ ^ F i l i n g areas^y ' ^ v 3 0 to 40
*|v^

TASK LIGHTING
LEVEL REQUIREMENTS*
footcandles lux
Reading: Simple (high contrast) copy 50 538
Difficult (low contrast) copy 70 753
Writing: Short periods of time 50 538
Long periods of time 70 753
Typing: From good quality originals 50 538
From poor quality originals 70 753
Accounting areas 100 1076
Drafting boards 100 1076 .
CRT screens (display terminals) •;Vv50-':^''; • 538 i i '
'Now under debate

mam
I |<GlossaiTOJfeTerms;-i»t:;
L - "^sa^f/;• .
iMJ-t. -^-<>.•••

i^t^tvl'.'^hy'V''-
j^'^^vwir '•^':-'-'-:^''^^:'-:^:f^p^^^^^ ^•>vy:„.-;-i..,i.'.'^X;
? ; A c c e n t L i g h t i n g — P l r e c t f o h o / lighting fo emphasize a particuiar illumination (totally diffuse with no glare) which would produce task
^•^ofa/ecf.oir'draw offenfioh fo o porf of fhe Held of view. ;,. ,i. visibility equivalent fo that produced by a specific lighting environment.
It denotes the quality, as a ratio of the quantity, of light reaching the
^ A m b i e n t L i g h t i n g - ^ L / g h f / n g designed to provide a uniform level work-plane.
fjof illuminotfon'throu^houian area, exclusive of any provision for •- i':'-' •;,• • .
|ipeaoKOsl(requ/femenfs,A^:-^;.:'••,.;;•,•;•/ ::'V-'-:fVvv,.^:;,c, :;/;•.•f^^-;/i.;^'::ivv:^:.:., -'. F o o t c a n d l e ( l u x ) — T h e unit of direct illumination on a surface- ' .
' one squore foof (squore mefer) in area on which fhere is uniformly .
^ C a n d l e p O W e r ' ^ A ^ i b o s / c u n / T f o ^ ^ measuring, light output from'cf]}:/^: .", distributed light. -^f'}<i*-}^.i^^i''\ '•.
Ksourcein o giveU'dire'ctloh^tdr example, a typical vvox candle has a '
F o O t l a m b e r t ( l a m b e r t ) — A unit of luminance equal to 1/ TT'/-?<-;('.:.'/
: candela per square fqot (square centimeter) or to the uniform yv^-^^^'f-'-v- / ;
.^•' iuminonce of a perfectly diffuse surface emitting or reflectmglight at the J''-
.;; rofe of one lumen per square foot (square centimeter) or to the .t-'>'i$;?i.*^? • ?
•^':. average luminance of any surface emitting or reflecting light afthatili^y -

, V L i a m p — A generic term for a man-made source of/(ghf.-.i>'^;.ii-ii'Ww;-.-••;'

V;^ L i g h t L o s s F a c t o r ( L L F ) — A focfor usedin co/cu/o«ng>hej?':?;v;^

"il level of illumination after a given period of time under given cdnd/f/ohs.' '• ' "^
.WiEqualS'lamp lumen depreciation multiplied by the luminaire dirt\k}^:i^^:^^ •
:#?^deprec/af(on factor. ., - • :::.::: •••'i., -r:-.. ^ N ^ : ^ : 0 - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ' * ^ I S ^ ' ' • i
• r:-,y...' >-.. • .• -• , -„ ' • . . - • • . ' ..•;.-=•.• ••.. . t o . v. ».• ;.;-,^-V,i" ' ~.

.•;V'»^' •••... ... . • ^ v * . w - - > •;/>!. ;.>v>'">:-..L--

r.;t;: J u U m e n — T h e un// of luminous flux (light output)/^:.-:',/i^^.Q^^^,% '• r/

"Cs L u m i n a i r e — A n o t h e r nome for o lighting fixture. It is the complete • •

-:•• un/7including lamps, housing, reflector, louvers (if any), etc. '''';<,•*• v>/^'?.

;. ^ R e f l e c t a n c e o f a S u r f a c e — T h e rof/o of the ref/ecfec/ jf/uxfl^ f , •

' ••(light) to the incident flux. - .::.. v)';;it:c

J;> R e t l e c t o r — A dev/ce used to redirect the light from a source.by,fhe

iyj^process of reflection. *.. v ' C ^ v J ^ ^ ^ .

•^'f^vTask L i g h t i n g — L i g h t i n g which provides iWuminohW/or o spi^'fic-

..'Tr;^,L^,^
task area. '-A : V :>•;^^^i>^-?V:^?.«-:>^-

^ j i j ^ l s u a l S u r r o u n d — i n c l u d e s all portions of ttie visiaf/iefd'except

fi'illrailriatlbn^t/^eS/'of^^ S^:'. the visual task. J - 'i:^:t^^^i^!<^'^.\
• '^i^Yf'^'-'i^

I
 81
ENDNOTES
1. Judy Graf Klein. The Office Book: Ideas and Designs for
Contemporary Work Spaces (Facts on File, Inc., 1982), p. 10.
2. Ibid.

3. M. Schwartz. Office Building Design (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1975),

p. 384-

4. Ibid., p. 385.
5. Ibid., p. 381.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.

8. Ibid.
9. Ibid., p. 382.
10. Ibid., p. 384.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Klein, p. 128.
14. Ibid., p. 128.

15. Ibid.
16. Ibid., p. 148.
17. Ibid.

18. Ibid.
19. Ibid., p. 152,
20. Ibid., p. 146.

21. Ibid.
22. Ibid., p. 147.

23. Ibid.
 82
24. W. J. McGuinness, B. Stein, and J. S. Reynolds. Mechanical and
Electrical Equipment for Buildings. 6th ed. (John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., 1980), p. 863.

25. Michael Saphier. Planning the New Office (McGraw-Hill Book Co.,
1978), p. 84.

26. Ibid.
27. Uniform Building Codes (International Conference of Building
Officals, 1982), p. 546.
28. I b i d . , p. 547.

29. I b i d . , p. 548.

30. I b i d . , p. 549.

31. I b i d . , p. 550.

32. I b i d . , p. 551.

33. Ibid.

34- I b i d . , p. 552.

35. I b i d . , p. 553,

36. I b i d . , p. 554-

•m i«i«i <i<ii II m i II p •
 83
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Klein, Judy Graf. The Office Book: Ideas and Designs for Contemporary
Work Spaces. Facts on File, Inc., 1982.

McGuinness, W. J., Stein, B., Reynolds, J. S. Mechanical and Electrical

Equipment for Buildings. 6th ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1980.
Pile, John. Interiors 3rd Book of Offices. Whitney Library of Design,
1976.

Saphier, Michael. Planning the New Office. McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1978.
Schwartz, M. Office Building Design. McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1975.

Sleeper, Ramsey. Architectural Graphic Standards. 7th ed. John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., 1981.
Solar Energy Associates. Path to Passive. Solar Energy Assoicates,
Ltd., 1982.
Uniform Building Codes 1982 ed. International Conference of Building
Officials, 1982.
 In conclusion it is a hope that the building would
offer an enjoyable space were creative work could be done.
And I believe that the spaces would have been an enjoyable
place to work.
The concept of the building ;being a form of a space
was a good idea. Itwas a simple form to work with , but
due to the structural system it turn out to be a nightmare
It required more in depth study. The structural system
was to camputated and to high technical. The system that
I can up with seem to work but Ididn*t take it far enough
to solve the problem.
I learned , that if one takes a form that is simple
it does not always work that way. In my case the form
was simple but the structural was complex. Also one does
not have to hide structural system from the people. I was
imform that with todayitechnology the structural system
would have made a interesting sculpture.
I enjoy my thesis class and enjoyed going through
it. It is an experience I will never forget.
 COST ANALYSIS

Office Building
.foundation 3.76
.floor on grade 2.95
.superstructure 15.99
.roofing .22
.exterior walls 9.29
.partition 5.01
.wall finishes 3.54
.floor finishes 3.68
.ceiling 2.73
.connveying system 6.26
.specialties .74
.fixed equipment 2.65
.hvac 8.92
.plumbing 3.46
.eletrical '4.50

total I 73.20
building square footage - 25165 x 73.20 = S 1842078
Concrete Parking $ 12.54
35,136 X 12.54 = $ 440605.44
TOTAL of $ 2282683.44
* note : after taking to a local architect and engineer
they figue that the building would cost close to
a range of $ 125.00 per sq. ft.
D SIG C T R

VIEWING IN
 UBBOCK TX
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