GEOLOGICAL FIELD REPORT ON HAZARA AND

ABBOTTABAD REGIONS

 Supervisors:
 Dr. Suleman sb
 Mr. Azhar Farooq swati sb

 Submitted By:
 Sohail Ahmed
 Gul Dar Ali

 Submitted To:
 Dr. Suleman sb
 Mr. Azhar Farooq swati sb

 Date Of Field:
 05-05-2019

 Date of Submission :
 15-05-2019

 Field Days:
 1 Day Field Work
 LIST OF CONTENTS
Page NO

ACKNOWLEDGE

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………... 3

1.1 Purpose of the Field……………………………………………………… 4

1.2 Equipment and Tools…………………………………………………….. 5
1.3 Regional geology of Salt Range…………………………………………. 5

CHAPTER 2: FIELD WORK

Day 1 (Station 1)
2.1.1 Stop 1 Hazara Formation……………………………………………… 7
2.1.2 Stop 1 Tanki Boulder Bed …………………………………………….. 7
Station 2
2.1.3 Stop 1 Abbottabad Formation…………………….…………………… 8
2.1.4 Stop 2 Botoridal Features………………………………………………. 9
2.1.5 Stop 3 Dolomite……………………………..………………………… 9
2.1.6 Stop 4: Botoridal on Dolomite…………………………………………… 10
2.1.7 Stop 5: Glassy Dolomite………………………………………….……… 10
Station 3
2.1.8 Stop 1: Hazira & Samanasuk Formations……..…………………………… 11
2.1.9 Stop 2: Oolites…..……………………………….………………………… 12
Station 4
2.2 Stop 1: Hangu Formation……………………………………………………… 13
2.2.1 Stop2: Geological Structures.…………………………………………..…… 13
2.2.2 Stop3: Borrow Molting…..……………………………………………..…… 15
Station 5
2.2.3 Stop1: Overturned Contact…………………………………………….…… 16
Station 6
2.2.4 Stop1: Chorgali Formation……………………………………………….… 16
2.2.5 Stop2: Assilina bedding…………………………………….……..………… 18
Station 7
2.2.6 Stop1: Structure: Syncline Fold …………………………..………………… 18
2.2.7 Stop2: Samana Suk Formation………………………………..…………… 19
2.2.8 Stop3: Samana Suk Formation: …..……………………………….……… 20
Station 8
2.2.9 Stop 1: Chichali and Samana suk…………………………………..……… 21
2.3 Stop2: Lumshiwal Formation……………………………..………………… 21
2.3.1 Stop 3: Kawagarh Formation……………………………..………………. 22
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
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Geological Field Report of Hazara & Abbottabad by Sohail Ahmed and Gul Dar Ali
Acknowledge:

I am very thankfull to my department because they provide us good teachers and oppurtunity for
field. Especially Dr. Suleman sb and Mr. Azhar farooq swati sb by these we able to learn lot of thing
about stratigraphy of that area.

INTRODUCTION:

The Field Work was organized by the Department Of Geology, University Of Peshawar
for the students of Part 2 towards the Hazara on 5th May 2019.

The place selected for our field trip was Hazara and Abbottabad. Hazara is the north-eastern part of
Khyber pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located east of the indus river and Comprises seven
district Abbottabad, Battagram, Haripur, Mansehra, Upper Kohistan, Lower Kohistan and Torghar. We
went to the field over university transport at the Date: 5-May-2019. It was basically one day field. Our 1st
stop is the South Eastern Hazar, Which is the part of lesser Himalayan.

It contains rocks with age from Precambrian (Hazara formation) to Miocene age (Muree
Formation). In Hazara Stratigraphy, the Precambrian-Cambrian unconformable contact is
marked by the basal Tanaki Conglomerate. There is invariable stratigraphic break in the
succession below the upper Jurassic. The cretaceous-tertiary boundary is marked by the residual
deposits as laterite of ferruginous pisolite. The Eocene-Miocene time gap is marked by the basal
Pebble-bed (Fateh-Jang Member).

Diagrammatical View:

Faunjal Fault

Kala Chita Ranges

Kashmir Synthexis

Muree Fault/MBT

Northern Extrmity: Faunjal Fault

South: MBT/Muree Fault

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Geological Field Report of Hazara & Abbottabad by Sohail Ahmed and Gul Dar Ali
Souther Extremity: Muree Fault

East : Kashmir Synthexis

West: Kala Chita Ranges

Map View:

Figure 1.1 Shows map View of Hazara

1.1 PURPOSE OF THE FIELD

The field was organized by university:

i. To find fossils in rocks if any.

ii. To identify different lithologies.
iii. To identify unconformity (hiatus) in the rocks if any.
iv. To understand depositional environment.
v. To identify primary and secondary structural features.
vi. To identify bedding plane.

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Geological Field Report of Hazara & Abbottabad by Sohail Ahmed and Gul Dar Ali
1.2 EQUIPMENT AND TOOL:

There were certain equipment and tools were used by us in the field to fulfill over
objectives which includes:

i. Compass (For Location).

ii. Hand lens to identify fossils and grain size.
iii. Geological hammer for sample collection.
iv. Dilute HCL to test limestone, Dolomite etc.

Figure 1.2 Shows the Equipment’s

1.3 REGIONAL GEOLOGY OF HAZARA

The geologic formations of the Hazara district range in age from Precambrian to Quaternary and
include Sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks and Unconsolidated material.
The rock units of Precambrian and possibly early Paleozoic age (Salkhala and Hazara Formations)
and early and middle Paleozoic age (Tanawal Formation) are mainly clastic, although the Salkhala
Formation contains considerable nonclastic carbonate material. A long period of mainly carbonate
deposition, extending from the Carboniferous to the Eocene, is recorded in a nearly complete
sequence of rock units totaling about 5,500 feet in thickness. Clastic deposits become dominant in the
middle and late Tertiary, reflecting the beginning of the Himalayan orogeny, which ultimately
deformed all rocks in the region.

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Geological Field Report of Hazara & Abbottabad by Sohail Ahmed and Gul Dar Ali
Table 1.1 Shows Regional Stratigraphy of Hazara

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Geological Field Report of Hazara & Abbottabad by Sohail Ahmed and Gul Dar Ali
The different stations which was Observed are:
Station: 1

2.1.1 Stop 1: Hazara Formation:

INTRODUCTION:

It was our 1st station where we observe the Precambrian rock unit hazara Formation,
Unconformable contact ( Conglumarate bed) and Abbottabad formation. There we also observe
Abbottabad formation, Which has unconformable Contact with hazara formation.

Lithology:

The Hazara Formation consists of slate, phyllite and Shale.

Color: Green to dark green on Fresh surface while rusty brown to dark on weather surface.

Contact: Upper unconformable contact with Abbottabad formation.

Age: Precambrian

2.1.2 Tanki Boulder Bed:

It is Conglumarate bed which shows unconformity between Hazar Formation & Abbottabad
formation. In the Conglomerate slate, siltstone and inclusion of Tanawal Quartzite is presents.

Tanawal is Present in Northern Hazara, Here Tanawal is missing.

Picture View:

Figure 1.3 shows the Unconformable contact (Tanaki Conglomerate bed) with Hazara Formation

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Geological Field Report of Hazara & Abbottabad by Sohail Ahmed and Gul Dar Ali
Figure 1.4 shows Tanaki Boulder

Station: 2

2.1.3 Stop 1 : Abbottabad Formation

Lithology:

It mainly consisting of dolomite, Quartzite, Argellious Phyllite, Inter bedded with greenish color
shale and Quartzite.

Features: Phosphorite deposit (rare Earth Elements)

Fauna: Hyoliths

Age: Cambrian

Picture View:

Figure 1.5 shows Abbottabad Formation

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Geological Field Report of Hazara & Abbottabad by Sohail Ahmed and Gul Dar Ali
2.1.4 Stop 2: Botroidal Feature:

It has White stuff (Calcite deposit). Their deposition occurs in small scale in cavity. It was deposited
in cavities.

Picture View:

Figure 1.6 shows Botoridal Feature

2.1.5 Stop 3: Dolomite

Here we Observed Dolomite. It is hard and gives less effervescence.

Features:

Butcher Chup

Formation: Abbotabad

Picture View: Figure 1.7 shows Dolomite

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Geological Field Report of Hazara & Abbottabad by Sohail Ahmed and Gul Dar Ali
2.1.6 Stop 4: Botoridal on Dolomite

Here we also observe dolomite of yellowish color.

Feature:

No as such feature. Botoridal are on small scale.

Picture View:

Figure 1.8 Shows Botoridal on Dolomite

2.1.7 Stop 5: Glassy Dolomite

Here we also observed Dolomite. But it is different from those which were observed previously.

It has no sandy or silty texture.

Texture: Glassy texture.

Deposition:

Chemical deposition

Color: Whitish Color.

Picture View: Figure 1.9 shows Glassy Dolomite

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Geological Field Report of Hazara & Abbottabad by Sohail Ahmed and Gul Dar Ali
Station: 3

2.1.8 Stop 1: Hazira & Samanasuk Formations

INTRODUCTION:

In this stop we observe the Contact between Hazira & Samansuk Formation which was dis
conformable. Kingriali not exposed here.

2.1.8. a Hazira Formation:

Lithology:

It consists of Silt stone and mud rock.

Color: Yellowish brown

Contact: Lower conformable contact with Abbotabad formation, while upper dis conformable
contact with samanasuk.

Fauna: Hyoliths

Age: Cambrian

2.1.8.b Samana suk Formation:

Lithology:

It contains dolomitic, sandy & Oolitic beds.

Color: Grey to brownish reddish in color.

Contact: Lower dis conformable contact with Hazira formation.

Features: Borrow molting.

Fossils: brachiopods, bivalves, gastropods, ammonoids and crinoids are reported.

Age: Jurassic

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Geological Field Report of Hazara & Abbottabad by Sohail Ahmed and Gul Dar Ali
Picture View: Figure 2.0 shows Contact between Hazira & Samanasuk Formation

Samanasuk

Hazira Formation

2.1.9 Stop 2: Oolites

In this stop we observe Oolites.

Picture View:

Figure 2.1 shows Oolites

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Geological Field Report of Hazara & Abbottabad by Sohail Ahmed and Gul Dar Ali
Station: 4

2.2 Stop 1: Hangu Formation:

Lithology:

It consists of Carbonate shale, Laterite (reddish Color, Form due to intense weathering) and white
quartzose sandstone.

Here Lockhart formation, large benthic foraminifera are not present.

Upper: Conglomerate bed which was recent conglomerate.

Color: Whitish, Reddish, blackish

Deposition: Marine settling.

Recent Conglomerate
Picture View:

Hangu Formation

Figure 2.2 shows Hangu Formation

2.2.1 Stop2: Geological Structures:

 Up to there we travel all around Kawagarh & Samana suk.

 Different features, Folding, Faulting and Joints.
 Teethes ocean Deeping toward north and west (Afghanistan).
 On North, Bedding decreases-Cheaper Environment. Deeping of Facies, all these beds are
Micritic.

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Geological Field Report of Hazara & Abbottabad by Sohail Ahmed and Gul Dar Ali
  Tight Anticline & Syncline
 Upper anticline (Hinge) tilted toward the west
 Hill ranges and the above all are east- west oriented
 Pressure: From east direction.
 Kashmir and Hazara also tilted to the west
 Lower and Upper bedding thickness increases
 Middle thin bedded (Carbonates), which act as ductile.
 In Hinge Zone their have parallel joints.
 There have Carbonate shale, sandy limestone & Yellow dolomite beds.

Picture View: Figure 2.3 Shows Geological structures

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Geological Field Report of Hazara & Abbottabad by Sohail Ahmed and Gul Dar Ali
2.2.2 Stop3: Borrow Molting

Observed: There we observed Borrow molting, which are parallel to bedding.

Forms:

 Due to Escape of sediments

 Turn out sediments
 Shelter

Formation: Samana suk

Age: Jurassic

Deposition: Cool and calm condition

Picture View:

Figure 2.4 shows Borrows Molting in Samanasuk Formation

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Geological Field Report of Hazara & Abbottabad by Sohail Ahmed and Gul Dar Ali
Station 5:

2.2.3 Stop1: Overturned Contact:

Jurassic Sediments over line by Hazar Formation.

Indication of Fault: Samana suk vertical mean that there is some fault present, called Bagnotar fault.

Picture View:

SamanaSuk

Hazara Formation

Figure 2.5 shows Bagnotar Fault an Over turned sequence between Samanasuk & Hazara Formation

Station 6:

2.2.4 Stop1: Chorgali Formation:

Lithology:

It contain shally, thin bedded limestone intebedded with shale, which have soft argillaceous.

Color: greyish color

Hardness: Break with hand

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Geological Field Report of Hazara & Abbottabad by Sohail Ahmed and Gul Dar Ali
Contact:

 Upper contact with khuldana formation

 Lower with Margala Hill.

Fauna: Larger benthic foraminifera

Age: Eocene

Picture View:

Figure 2.6 shows Chorgali Formation

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Geological Field Report of Hazara & Abbottabad by Sohail Ahmed and Gul Dar Ali
2.2.5 Stop2: Assilina bedding:

Limestone interbedded with shale.

Picture View:

Figure 2.7 shows Assilina bedding Clay

Limestone

Station: 7

2.2.6 Stop1: Structure: Syncline Fold

In Core:

2.2.6-a Chichali formation:

Lithology:

Carbonaceous shale,(instead of glauconitic sandstone), Covered by scree ( collection of rocks

fragments at the base of hill).

It was in the core of a syncline.

Cover with Sediments

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Geological Field Report of Hazara & Abbottabad by Sohail Ahmed and Gul Dar Ali
2.2.6-b Syncline Limb:

It contains Samana suk formation on its limb.

Picture View:

Samanasuk
Chichali

Figure 2.8 shows Chichali and Samana Suk

2.2.7 Stop2: Samana Suk Formation:

 Within samana suk borrows, riffle and bioturbated surface.

 Laterite
 Reddish color
 Shallow Environment
 Shallow facies
 Beds thickness also large
 Soft argillaceous- inside clay- There also borrows present.

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Geological Field Report of Hazara & Abbottabad by Sohail Ahmed and Gul Dar Ali
Picture View:

Figure 2.9 shows Samana suk Formation

2.2.8 Stop3: Formation: Samana suk

 Riffle Marks
 Beds thicknesses large
 Forms in waves & Current
 Extreme shallow Environment
Picture view:

Figure 3.0 shows riffle marks in Samana suk

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Geological Field Report of Hazara & Abbottabad by Sohail Ahmed and Gul Dar Ali
Station 8:

2.2.9 Stop 1: Chichali and samana suk

2.2.8-a Chichali Formation:

 Carbonaceous shale
 Color: Dark grey
 Dominantly shale
Picture View:

Figure 3.1 Shows Chichali and samana suk

Samanasuk
Chichali
2.3 Stop2: Lumshiwal Formation:
 Quartzose Sandstone
 Overturned Sequence
 Ferruginous body (Iron bearing clay)
 Dirty color(due to Ferruginous) on weather surface
 Fresh: Whitish color

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Geological Field Report of Hazara & Abbottabad by Sohail Ahmed and Gul Dar Ali
 Picture View:

Figure 3.2 shows Lumshiwal Formation

2.3.1 Stop 3: Kawagarh Formation:

 Fine grained
 Conchoidal Fracture
 All Micritic (Lime mud)
 Hardness: Very Hard
 Breaking: Along Conchoidal Fracture
 Deep Micritic pelagie

Picture View: Figure 3.3 shows Kawagarh Formation

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Geological Field Report of Hazara & Abbottabad by Sohail Ahmed and Gul Dar Ali
 CONCLUSION

It was a great experience of us to go to Hazara & Abbottabad for geological field trip. It gave us extra
knowledge about geology of Hazara. The weather of the Hazara & Abbottabad was Awesome
though it was beginning of May.

We learnt a lot of things at there, including depositional environment of a particular Formation,

how to examine and find lithologies, finding grain size and shape using hand lens, different faunas
and a lot of other things that increases our knowledge in that very field.

In the end, it was one of the greatest field trip.

REFERENCE

 Shah,S.E. ,1977. Stratigraphy of Pakistan, Geological Survey of Pakistan, 138p.

 Kazmi.A.H. & Jan. M.Q., 1997, Geology and Tectonics of Pakistan,Graphic Publishers
Karachi, 554p.
 Mr. Azhar Swati sb Handout
 Dr. Suliman Sb Lecture
 Field Observation
 Internet

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Geological Field Report of Hazara & Abbottabad by Sohail Ahmed and Gul Dar Ali