THE ANIMAL SKIN
(SWINE)
PARTS OF SKIN
PARTS
Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles the skin through an extracellular matrix composed sensory receptors in the peripheral nervous
found in the dermis, the innermost layer of the of collagen fibrils, microfibrils, and elastic fibers, system (PNS).
skin. Hair is one of the defining characteristics of embedded in hyaluronan and proteoglycans. Skin
mammals. proteoglycans are varied and have very specific Arrector pili muscles-are small muscles attached
location. The blood vessels in the dermis provide to hair follicles in mammals. Contraction of these
Epidermis- The epidermis is composed of the nourishment and waste removal from its own cells muscles causes the hairs to stand on end. Each
outermost layers of the skin. It forms a protective as well as for the epidermis. arrector pili is composed of a bundle of smooth
barrier over the body's surface, responsible for muscle fibres which attach to several follicles (a
keeping water in the body and preventing Subcutaneous-The subcutaneous tissue (also follicular unit), and is innervated by the
pathogens from entering, and is a stratified hypodermis) is not part of the skin, and lies below sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous
squamous epithelium, composed of proliferating the dermis. Its purpose is to attach the skin to system.
basal and differentiated suprabasal keratinocytes. underlying bone and muscle as well as supplying it
The epidermis contains no blood vessels, and cells with blood vessels and nerves. It consists of loose Hair follicle-is a mammalian skin organ that
in the deepest layers are nourished by diffusion connective tissue and elastin. The main cell types produces hair. Hair production occurs in phases,
from blood capillaries extending to the upper are fibroblasts, macrophages and adipocytes (the including growth (anagen), cessation (catagen),
layers of the dermis. subcutaneous tissue contains 50% of body fat). Fat and rest (telogen) phases. Stem cells are
serves as padding and insulation for the body. responsible for hair production. The shape of the
Basement membrane-The epidermis and dermis hair follicle has an effect on the hair shape and
are separated by a thin sheet of fibers called the Eccrine glands-are composed of an intraepidermal texture of the individual's hair. Follicles are
basement membrane, and is made through the spiral duct, the "acrosyringium"; a dermal duct, composed of epidermal cells and are made up of
action of both tissues. The basement membrane consisting of a straight and coiled portion; and a the bulb which is innervated and the papilla which
controls the traffic of the cells and molecules secretory tubule, coiled deep in the dermis or is responsible for accessing the blood supply.
between the dermis and epidermis but also hypodermis. The eccrine gland opens out through
serves, through the binding of a variety of the sweat pore. Eccrine glands are active in
cytokines and growth factors, as a reservoir for thermoregulation by providing cooling from water
their controlled release during physiological evaporation of sweat secreted by the glands on REFERENCES
remodeling or repair processes. the body surface and emotional induced sweating.
[Link]
Dermis-The dermis is the layer of skin beneath the Sensory nerve-also called an afferent nerve, is a
epidermis that consists of connective tissue and nerve that carries sensory information toward the Wikipedia. Com (The free
cushions the body from stress and strain. The central nervous system (CNS). It is a cable-like
dermis provides tensile strength and elasticity to bundle of the afferent nerve fibers coming from Encyclopedia)
THE ANIMAL SKIN
(POULTRY)
Parts
Feathers
Feathers-are epidermal growths that form the
distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on birds. They
are considered the most complex integumentary
structures found in vertebrates and a premier example
of a complex evolutionary novelty.
Quills-are denominated from the order in which they
are fixed in the wing; the first is favoured by the expert
calligrapher, the second and third quills being very
satisfactory also, plus the pinion feather.
The subcutaneous tissue also called the hypodermis,
hypoderm, subcutis, or superficial fascia, is the
lowermost layer of the integumentary system in
vertebrates. The types of cells found in the hypodermis
are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. The
hypodermis is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike
the dermis, it is not derived from the dermatome region
of the mesoderm.
Reference
[Link]
[Link] (The free diction)
