—

2018-06-19

Digital Substations
Architecture and concepts
Stefan Meier, Global Product Manager Digital Substations, ABB Grid Automation Systems
—
Contents

Introduction
Redundancy and network concepts
IEC 61850 link redundancy methods
AIS solutions
GIS solutions
Application examples
Retrofit

July 27, 2018 Slide 2

— Ellipse APM
Asset
performance

Digital substations management

Digital technology from end to end

Network Manager FOXMAN Ellipse WFM Ellipse EAM
SCADA and Communication Workforce Enterprise asset
Energy Networks management management
Management Management
System System

From process to network level

Intelligent Station HMI Utility communication
Substation Monitoring & Control network
Data Management
Security Management
Primary Equipment Management
Secondary Equipment Management
Substation Historian
FOX615 Cyber security
IEC 61850 Utility at substation
Station bus communication borders, system
AFS series
on MPLS/TP and level and in the
IEC 61850 Ethernet
Relion series existing SDH electronic
switches
process bus based networks devices
protection and
control IEDs
(Station bus for
IEC 61850 monitoring data)
Process bus

FOCS optical CTs PASS Switchgear GIS Switchgear Power Transformers UniGear Digital
free-standing or With motordrive With NCIT for U&I with SAM600 to and ZX0.2 Digital
integrated in DCB* and digital and smart local digitize bushing CT MV switchgear
SAM600 process interface control cubicle measurements with NCITs
bus IO to bridge with MSM CoreTec transformer
the gap between switchgear monitoring with
analog and digital monitoring CoreSense DGA*

High Voltage Medium Voltage

From high voltage to medium voltage, AIS and GIS

DCB: Disconnecting Circuit Breaker

July 27, 2018 Slide 3
DGA: Dissolved Gas Analysis
—
Introduction
—
Trend to higher functional integration
Optimized concepts with high availability
single function modern optimized
Bay control Bay control & BU prot. Main 1 prot. & control

Optimization to increase availability CSWI CSWI CSWI

Reduced number of components PTOC PDIS

– Simplifies spare part handling Main 1 protection PTOC

– Reduces number of device failures PDIS
(MTBF) Main 1 protection
With same or better system availability PDIS
Main 2 protection
– IEC 61850 Process bus simplifies PDIS
distribution of information for
Main 2 prot. & control
optimized protection and control
concepts CSWI
Backup protection Main 2 protection
PTOC PDIS PDIS

PTOC

July 27, 2018 Slide 5

—
Redundancy and network concepts
—
Redundancy and network concepts
Overview of typical redundancy variants

Bay level devices Process level devices Netw. Separation Netw. redundancy Link layer redundancy Process bus size
Single IEDs Redundant Single MUs Redundant Common Separate Common Separate Single Redundant Bay wide Station
IEDs MUs SB & PB SB & PB Main 1&2 Main 1&2 wide

Distribution
level      
(PRP/HSR)

Sub-
transmission
level, variant 1
      
(PB: PRP) (central BBP)

Sub-
transmission
level, variant 2
      
(central BBP)

Transmission
level       
(PB: HSR) (central BBP)

Different levels of redundancy can be combined to optimally meet availability and operational requirements.

July 27, 2018 Slide 7

—
Station and process bus concepts
Common station and process bus

Station bus with sampled values

Station HMI Gateway GPS clock
– In medium voltage switchgears the station bus is used for
station level communication as well as for goose and sampled
values between feeder terminals.
Station bus
– The feeder terminals act as merging units to publish e.g. busbar MMS, GOOSE, SV
voltage to other feeders
PTP

Feeder terminals Feeder

– Advantages Feeder
can act as terminal &
terminal &
merging unit MU
• Low network costs
– Challenges
• No separation of traffic
• Station bus needs to be segregated in larger systems to
ensure acceptable performance

July 27, 2018 Slide 8

—
Station and process bus concepts
Separate station and process bus

Fully separated station and process bus

Station HMI Gateway GPS clock
– Fully separated station and process bus
enables highest availability, performance and
security.
Station bus
– Advantages Critical for
MMS, GOOSE
control
• Mission critical data (e.g. SV and goose for PTP (SV of BB voltage)
“only”
trip) is separated from the bulk data on
Bay level IEDs
station bus Control Protection
acting as PTP
• Highest performance on process bus boundary clocks
network
Process bus
• Clear separation of bulk and protection data Critical for
GOOSE, SV
enables safe and simple maintenance protection
PTP
• Separate security zones and control
– Challenges/Limitations Merging Switchgear
unit control unit
• Separate process to station connection Optional station bus connection for
required for health and monitoring data monitoring and health data (MMS)

July 27, 2018 Slide 9

—
Station and process bus concepts
GOOSE on station bus, SV on process bus

Process bus for SV only

Station HMI Gateway GPS clock
– The process bus is used for SV only and all
GOOSE data (including trips) run via station
bus
Station bus
– Advantages MMS, GOOSE
• MMS connection for monitoring data. PTP
• Switchgear control unit can be used without
bay control IED Control Protection

– Challenges/Limitations
• GOOSE trips may be delayed due to high Process bus
station bus traffic SV
• Maintenance activities on station bus may PTP
impact protection performance
Merging Switchgear
• Cyber security risk for protection tripping unit control unit

July 27, 2018 Slide 10

—
Station and process bus concepts
Connected station and process bus

Connected station and process bus

Station HMI Gateway GPS clock
– Station and process bus networks are
interconnected by Ethernet switch, allowing
logical separation of traffic
Station bus
– Advantages MMS, GOOSE
• Flexible distribution of data via station bus PTP
• Time synchronization of process bus
Control Protection
– Challenges/Limitations
• Configuration of Ethernet switches is
critical in order not to overload networks Process bus
• Disturbances/faults on station bus may GOOSE, SV
impact process bus (protection) PTP

Merging Switchgear
unit control unit

July 27, 2018 Slide 11

—
Station and process bus concepts
Point-to-point process bus connections

Dedicated point-to-point connections

Station HMI Gateway GPS clock
– Point-to-point connections for process bus
between process and bay level
– Advantages Station bus
• Highest performance MMS, GOOSE
PTP
• No Ethernet switches required

Control Protection
– Challenges/limitations
• Requires enough Ethernet ports at devices
Process bus
• No access to communication for analysis
GOOSE, SV
• Only suitable for relatively simple systems PTP

Merging Switchgear
unit control unit

July 27, 2018 Slide 12

—
Redundancy concepts
Fully separated main 1 / main 2 systems

Fully separated for main 1/main 2 System 1 System 2

– Full separation between first and second main protection (and
Control Protection Protection Control
control) systems. Same as in traditional P&C systems.
– Optional link redundancy (typically HSR, to avoid switches)
brings “n-2” for communication Process bus 1 Process bus 2
– Advantages
• Safe maintenance of one system without interfering with the
other Switchgear Merging Switchgear Merging
• Faults and disturbances on one system cannot harm the other control unit unit control unit unit

• Highest network performance thanks to small process bus

networks
– Challenges/limitations
• Tripping of both trip-coils from one IED needs additional NCIT
NCIT NCIT
NCITNCIT
NCIT
effort
Redundant tripping Redundant measuring

July 27, 2018 Slide 13

—
Redundancy concepts
Common process bus network for first and second main protection

One redundant network for main 1 and 2 System 1 System 2

– First and second main protection share one
Control Protection Protection Control
redundant process bus (typically PRP due to
network size)
– Advantages LAN A
• All IEDs can use redundantly acquired LAN B
process data, e.g. for backup functions
• Tripping of both trip-coils from one IED is Switchgear Merging Switchgear Merging
possible control unit unit control unit unit
– Challenges/Limitations
• No clear separation between main 1 and 2
may complicate maintenance procedures
• Risk of affecting running parts when doing NCIT NCIT
NCIT
NCITNCIT
maintenance on one system NCIT
• Failures (e.g. flooding of network) of one Redundant tripping Redundant measuring
device may affect both systems

July 27, 2018 Slide 14

—
Process bus architecture
Bay wide versus station wide process bus

Bay wide process bus Station wide process bus

Advantages: Advantages:
– Clear separation between bays ensures high availability and – Highest flexibility in system design and data distribution across
simple maintenance of individual bays the substation (or voltage level)
Challenges: Challenges:
– Station-wide communication via station bus may be ok for BB – Traffic needs to be managed to avoid network overload
voltages or interlocking, but may not be acceptable e.g. for – Communication network issues may affect several feeders
central busbar protection
– Maintenance procedures need to consider station-wide data
HMI exchange HMI
Station Station
bus bus
IED IED IED IED IED IED IED IED
IED IED IED IED IED IED IED IED
Process Process
bus bus
MU MU MU MU MU MU MU MU
BIED BIED BIED BIED BIED BIED BIED BIED
Bay 1 Bay 2 Bay 3 … Bay n Bay 1 Bay 2 Bay 3 … Bay n

July 27, 2018 Slide 15

 —
IEC 61850 link redundancy methods

Slide 162018
July 27,
—
IEC 61850
Standardized redundancy concepts

Link layer redundancy

IEC 61850 Edition 2 introduced link layer redundancy
– Redundancy is added to station bus (IEC 61850-8-1) and to
process bus (IEC 61850-9-2/-8-1)
– IEC 61850 is not inventing the redundancy for end nodes but
refers to PRP/HSR and RSTP of the IEC 62439 standard

July 27, 2018 Slide 17

—
IEC 61850 Edition 2
Link redundancy

Concepts with and without recovery time

Redundancy within the network
– RSTP, IEEE 802.1D
– (n-1) criteria
– With recovery time upon failure

Redundancy in the end nodes

– PRP, IEC 62439-3
Parallel Redundancy Protocol
– HSR, IEC 62439-3
High-available Seamless Redundancy
– (n-1) criteria
– Zero recovery time upon failure

July 27, 2018 Slide 18

—
Link Redundancy – IEC61850-3 PRP/HSR
Patented by ABB
IEC 62439-3

Invented by ABB, available to anybody

PRP
Parallel Redundancy Protocol
HSR
High-availability Seamless Redundancy

PRP/HSR is a patent of ABB Corporate Research

ABB has assured to IEC to provide licenses throughout the world
free of charge or under reasonable and non-discriminatory terms

July 27, 2018 Slide 19

—
Comparing characteristics

Applications
RSTP for backbone
networks between
For rings of switches
station bus switches.
on station bus
(e.g. in PRP setups)
PRP for redundancy on
station wide station or
process bus
HSR for process bus or
station bus

For IEC 61850 IEDs on

station and process
bus

July 27, 2018 Slide 20 Table: IEC 62439-1

—
Self healing network, single attached devices
RSTP - Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

Network with reconfiguration time

Station Station
RSTP mechanism keeps communication ring HMI 1 HMI 2

open to avoid circulating packages

In case of a fault in the communication ring, the 1
virtual interruption is closed Station Station
switch switch
This re-configuration of the network requires
time
Bay Bay Bay
According to IEC 61850-90-4 9 is RSTP executed switch switch switch

by the bridges of the network and not by the

end devices IED IED IED

IED IED IED

July 27, 2018 Slide 21

—
Self healing network, single attached devices
Advantages and disadvantages
 Any topology supported   ~5ms failure recovery time per switch 
 Network is autonomous, independent of IEDs
 Standard Ethernet components
 Flexible network speed and media  Moderate costs for switches and network 
cabling

workstation1 back-up workstation2

NCC NCC
logger
printer
Gateway Gateway

switch A1 switch A2

RSTP

SAN SAN SAN

SAN SAN SAN

SAN SAN SAN

 Failure or power-off of 2 or more IEDs   Fully interoperable any IEC61850 3rd 

has no impact to the network party IED can be connected to the network

July 27, 2018 Slide 22

—
Link Redundancy – IEC 62439-3 PRP
Parallel Redundancy Protocol

Operation principle
– DANP (Double Attached Node implementing
PRP) are attached to 2 independent LANs receiver

– Source DANP sends same frame over both

LANs

– Destination DANP receives frame from both

LANs, consumes 1st frame, discards the
duplicated

sender

July 27, 2018 Slide 23

—
Redundant network with IEC 62439-3 PRP
Advantages and disadvantages
 Any topology supported   0 ms failure revovery time 
 Network is autonomous, independent of IEDs  No frame loss
 Standard Ethernet components
 Flexible network speed and media  High costs for switches and network cabling

 Failure or power-off of 2 or more IEDs   Connect single port IEDs to one network 
has no impact to the network  Fully interoperable with non redundant IEDs

July 27, 2018 Slide 24

—
Link Redundancy – IEC 62439-3 HSR
High-availability Seamless Redundancy

Operation principle
– DANH (Double Attached Node implementing
HSR) has 2 ports operated in parallel
– Source DANH sends a frame over each port
(“A”-frame and “B”-frame)
– Destination DANH receives frame from each
port, consumes 1st frame, discards the
duplicated
– DANH support bridge functionality and
forward frames from one port to the other
(not frames that it injected)

July 27, 2018 Slide 25

—
Redundant network with IEC 62439-3 HSR
Advantages and disadvantages
 RedBox enables integration of 
 Only ring or ring of ring topologies  non-redundant devices
 IEDs are integral part of network

singly attached nodes

end end
node node switch
interlink
A B A B A B RedBox

 Low cost (no switches and 

few network cables)

B A B A B A B A B A

end end end end end

node node node node node

 Failure or power-off of more than 2 IEDs   0 ms failure revovery time 

has impact to the network  No frame loss

July 27, 2018 Slide 26

—
Link redundancy in IEC61850
Summary of different redundancy methods
IEC 61850 Architecture Performance
Method 8-1 9-2 Redundant Connect Frame Recovery Network Latency
Network 1 port IED loss time

PRP Yes Yes Yes Yes No 0 ms Full bandwith, No latency in

IEC 62439-3 flexible speed IEDs

HSR Yes yes No Yes No 0 ms Limited Latency in each

IEC 62439-3 with Redbox bandwidth, IED
fixed speed
100Mbps

RSTP Yes No No Yes Yes typ. 100ms Full bandwidth, No latency in

with external (ring with 20 flexible speed IEDs
Ethernet switches nodes)

RSTP Yes No No Yes Yes typ. 100ms (ring Limited Latency in each
with integrated with with 20 nodes) bandwidth, IED
Ethernet switches Switch fixed speed
100Mbps

July 27, 2018 Slide 27

—
Redundancy concepts
Comparison HSR versus PRP on process bus

HSR PRP
Typical applications Typical applications
— Transmission level, process bus per bay with separate — Transmission level, process bus with common network
networks for first and second main for first and second main
— Sub-transmission level, process bus per bay with — 1 ½ breaker system with network per diameter
common network for main and backup — For process bus with more than 10-16 devices
— For process bus with up to 10-16 devices Advantages
— Distribution level station bus with up to 30 IEDs — Network independent from devices
Advantages — Simpler to integrate single attached nodes
– No Ethernet switches (< costs, < device failures) Disadvantages
Disadvantages — Ethernet switches required (>costs, > device failures)
— RedBoxes required to share traffic between bays

July 27, 2018 Slide 28

—
Digital AIS substations
—
Digital AIS substation
Air insulated switchgear
Station level:
MicroSCADA Pro station HMI and gateway
RTU500 series as Gateway, HMI, data collection
SDM600 Substation data manager
IET600/ITT600/PCM600 on engineering
workstation
Protection and control panels:
Relion series protection & control IEDs with
IEC 61850 station & process bus
9-2 revenue meters (e.g. from Landis+Gyr)

Outdoor panels: SAM600

SAM600
SAM600

SAM600 process bus IO system

FOCS opto-electronic modules/merging
units
FOCS

Primary equipment:
Disconnecting CB with integrated FOCS
optical CT
FOCS-FS, free-standing optical CT

July 27, 2018 Slide 30

—
Digital AIS substation
Outdoor panel examples
SAM600 modules in outdoor cubicles

SAM600 modules and FOCS MU 650 series IED as process interface

July 27, 2018 Slide 31

—
Digital AIS substation, conventional CT/VT
Overview

Copper wiring
Relay house Switchyard

Process bus

Station bus

July 27, 2018 Slide 32

—
Digital AIS substation, free-standing optical CT
Overview

Copper wiring
Relay house Switchyard

Optical cable

Process bus

Station bus

July 27, 2018 Slide 33

—
Digital AIS substation, DCB with integrated optical CT
Reduction of substation footprint

Copper wiring
Relay house Switchyard

Optical cable

Process bus

Station bus

July 27, 2018 Slide 34

—
Digital AIS substation
Conventional system

Conventional system
Relay house

Line
P1 P2 C1 C2 Marshalling

Center
P1 P2 C1 C2 Marshalling

Transformer
Marshalling
P1 P2 C1 C2

July 27, 2018 Slide 35

—
Digital AIS substation
Digital system
Digital system
NCC
Relay house
SAS
Line
P1 P2
AC, DC power supply
Horizontal C1 C2
communication IEC 61850 process bus
between IEDs Stand-alone
Center merging units Viewer
connections
P1 P2
Only for
C1 C2
redundancy
Optical process bus
purpose
Transformer
P1 P2
C1 C2
Optimized panel layout
(Smaller IEDs with less I/Os
and less terminals/
auxiliaries and less cables
allow more compact design)
July 27, 2018 Slide 36
—
Digital AIS substation
Digital system
Outdoor cubicle

Fiber optic
communication
Power supply for SAM600
IO modules
merging units, drives…
Main 1 Main 2

IO
IO
M2
M1

process bus

Emergency
IEC 61850

interface

control
FO
CT CT

M1 M2

VT VT

M1 M2

DC1, DC2, AC
Power supply,
heating

July 27, 2018 Slide 37

—
Digital GIS substations
—
Digital GIS substation
Gas insulated switchgear
Station level:
MicroSCADA Pro station HMI and gateway
RTU500 series as Gateway, HMI, data collection
SDM600 Substation data manager
IET600/ITT600/PCM600 on engineering
workstation

Protection panels:
Relion series protection IEDs with IEC 61850
station & process bus
9-2 revenue meters (e.g. from Landis+Gyr)

Integrated local control cubicle (LCC):

REC650/670 bay control IED and process
interface
Merging units for NCITs and CITs (where SAM600

required)
MSM switchgear monitoring

Non-conventional instrument transformer:

ELK-CP NCITs for current and voltage

July 27, 2018 Slide 43

—
Digital GIS substations
Main components

 Control and protection IEDs  Rogowski coils for current

in integrated control measurement
cubicles  Capacitive sensors or dividers
 IEDs with digital interfaces for voltage measurement
for IEC61850-9-2, -8-1

 Stand-alone merging units to

integrate conventional
CTs/VTs

 Monitoring functions
(SF6, CB, PD)
 Connection to asset
management systems

July 27, 2018 Slide 44

—
Allocation of protection and control IEDs
Overview of variants

GIS hall Relay room

Different variants to place IEDs and functions GIS with NCIT Local Protection & Protection panels
Control Panel
Variant 1, Local Protection & Control Panel
‒ Redundant set of combined protection and control IEDs Fiber optics
‒ All in one cubicle in GIS hall, but no separation between protection Copper wires
and control

Variant 2, Protection IEDs in Relay room in fewer panels Main 1 and Main 2 panels per bus
Local Control Cubicle section or per station
‒ Protection panels in relay room, control IEDs and BBP bay units in
LCC
‒ Redundant control IEDs provide redundant control and interface to
first and second main protection IEDs
‒ Dramatic space reduction by using e.g. 1-2 protection per bus
section Separate panels per bay, one for main 1
Local Control Cubicle and one for main 2
Variant 3, Full separation P&C and conservative location of protection
IEDs in individual panels
…
‒ Separate control IED and process interface units in LCC
‒ Separate Main 1 and Main 2 panels per bay

July 27, 2018 Slide 45 Depending on GIS type and number of devices to be installed in the LCC, it can be free-standing or integrated to the GIS.
—
Allocation of protection and control IEDs
Conservative variant

Variant 3, NCIT & process bus but no reduction in panels LCC Protection panels

Full separation of protection and control

Maintaining the function allocation and number of protection and
control panels in the digital variant as in a conventional setup
Benefits
‒ Lowest impact on the utilities organizational setup (e.g.
maintenance crews) GIS LCC Protection panels
NCITs MUs, Control IED, Separate for Main1 and
Main 1 and 2 process Main 2 protection

Challenges IO, BBP bay units

‒ No reduction in P&C panels GIS hall Relay room

‒ No reduction in space savings in relay room
‒ Investment in process IO devices for may not be possible to be
compensated by copper saving only
Fiber optics
Copper wires

July 27, 2018 Slide 46

—
Allocation of protection and control IEDs
Optimized variant

Variant 2, Process bus between LCC and compact

protection panel LCC Protection panels

Protection IEDs in relay room, Control IEDs and BBP bay units in
LCC
Benefits
‒ Space reduction for relay room
‒ All wiring between LCC and panel fiber optic
‒ Redundant M1/M2 controller via SCADA GIS LCC Protection panel
NCITs MUs, Main 1 and 2 Main1 and Main 2
‒ Redundant tripping of CBs from protection IEDs via IEC 61850 control and process protection
to the two redundant control IEDs IO, BBP bay units

Challenges GIS hall Relay room

‒ As the control IEDs act as process IO for the protection
devices, full separation between protection and control is not
possible. (may be an organizational challenge)
Fiber optics
Copper wires

July 27, 2018 Slide 47

—
Allocation of protection and control IEDs
Variant with local protection and control panel

Variant 1, Redundant P&C integrated in LCC LCC Protection panels

Redundant set of combined protection and control IEDs in LCC

Highly optimized substation protection, automation and control
system
Benefits
‒ No protection panels anymore
‒ Redundant devices provide first and second main protection GIS LCC
and enable redundant control from remote as well as from local NCITs MUs, Main 1 and 2
protection and control
in emergency or maintenance cases IEDs, BBP bay units

Challenges
GIS hall Relay room
‒ Combination of protection and control functions in single
devices require M1/M2 from same vendor in order to realize
redundant control
‒ Installation of protection IEDs may not be allowed by local Fiber optics

legislations and principles Copper wires

July 27, 2018 Slide 48

—
Digital MV solutions
 —
UniGear Digital main components
Air insulated switchgear

UniGearDigital
Up to 24kV; 50kA; 4000A
Protection relay
–Same robustness, safety and level of experience as conventional
UniGear with IEC 61850
–Simplified arrangement for current and voltage measurement,
using sensors instead of conventional instrument transformers
–Conventional current and voltage transformers can be added for
specific metering and protection requirements Current sensor
–UniGearDigital features Relion® 615 and 620 series protection
and control relays
–Horizontal exchange of GOOSE and IEC 61850-9-2 sampled Voltage sensor
analog values reduces wiring and accelerates testing and
commissioning time
–Easy integration to increase smart functionality, such as remote
condition monitoring and asset health for electrical systems as
part of ABB Ability offering

Slide 532018
July 27,
—
ZX digital
Gas-insulated switchgear

ZX digital
Covering ratings up to 42kV; 40kA; 4000A
–Non-conventional current and voltage sensors increase safety
and reduce footprint
–Horizontal exchange of GOOSE and IEC 61850-9-2 sampled
analog values reduces wiring and accelerates testing and
commissioning time
–ZX Digital features Relion® 615 and 620 series protection and
control relays
–ZX Digital is available for
•ZX0.2 (IEC standard)
•ZX2 (available for pilot installations)

July 27, 2018 Slide 54

—
Relion® 615 and 620 series
Available protection relays for UniGear Digital

615 series
version 5.0 or
later

620 series
version 2.0 FP1
or later

July 27, 2018 Slide 55

—
Network architecture (typical)
HSR ring

July 27, 2018 Slide 56

—
Voltage sharing via Process Bus
Ethernet
Station and Process bus (IEC 61850-8-1, 9-2)

GOOSE
GOOSE

GOOSE

GOOSE

GOOSE

GOOSE

GOOSE

SV
SV
SV

SV

SV
SV

SV
IED IED IED IED IED IED IED

INC OUT OUT BC BR OUT OUT INC

July 27, 2018 Slide 57

—
Digital substation applications
—
Digital substation
Power transformers

Station level:
MicroSCADA Pro or RTU500 station HMI and
gateway, including IEC 61850 data from CoreTec
CoreTec Web HMI
Data connection to Asset Health center

Transformer protection and control:

RET670 transformer differential protection
with 9-2 (and conventional inputs)
Tap change control in separate IED or
integrated in RET670

Outdoor cubicle:
SAM600 stand alone merging units to SAM600 SAM600

digitize bushing CT measurements

SAM600-IO for binary data (e.g. tap changer
positions and controls)

Monitoring equipment
CoreTec with CoreSens and other sensors…

July 27, 2018 Slide 60

—
Transformer differential protection

IEC 61850 process bus

HV LCC Sampled values & GOOSE
Transformer
REC650/670 P&C
Control & IO

RET670
Transformer protection
CP-MU and control
NCIT MU

SAM600

SAM600
Depending on protection philosophy
MU for current protection function can operate with
SAM600 …
Binary IO
• currents from HV NCIT and MV
CoreTec
SAM600

SAM600 sensor (9-2 provided by REF615)

Monitoring MU for current
• currents from bushing CTs,
Outdoor panel
digitized by SAM600
U • or a mix of the currents
I REF615
Feeder terminal & MU • LV side Voltage for tap changer
can be provided by SAM600 from
MV conventional VT or by REF615
switchgear

July 27, 2018 Slide 61

—
Line differential protection
Highly available and flexible

Highly available differential protection

— MU and RED670 at digital substation RED670
RED670

need to be in synch with their merging

C37.94
units using 1PPS or PTP SAM600

MU time synch
SAM600-TS
— If Echo mode between substations can

process bus
IEC 61850
SAM600
Conventional or
MU voltage
be used (depends on communication SAM600-VT
digital connection

channel) then no GPS clock is required SAM600

MU current
SAM600-CT
for protection function
Binary I/O
REC670

 ABB RED670 do not require to be

synchronized by GPS for line
differential protection (if echo mode is
used)
 ABB IEDs support purely digital or
mixed configurations with 9-2 sampled Local substation Remote substation
values and conventional measurements

July 27, 2018 Slide 62

—
Utility communication for line protection
Wired connections for line distance protection signaling

Protection Communication

Station Line 1 Line 2 Line 3

bus

Man 1: RED670 FOX615 Main 1

Line Differential protection Utility comms multiplexer
Main 2: REL670 (FOX615 Main 2)
Line Distance protection Utility comms multiplexer

Fiber optic
C37.94 for line diff
Copper wires

Wires for Trip/block of distance protection

July 27, 2018 Slide 63

 TEPI1/2 TEPI1/2 TEPI1/2

—
Utility communication for line protection
Wired connections for line distance protection signaling

Protection Communication
L1 L2 L3 L1 L2 L3 L1 L2 L3
Station Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Trip Trip Trip
bus

Man 1: RED670 FOX615 Main 1

Line Differential protection Utility comms multiplexer
Main 2: REL670 (FOX615 Main 2)
Line Distance protection Utility comms multiplexer

Fiber optic
C37.94 for line diff
Copper wires

Wires for Trip/block of distance protection

July 27, 2018 Slide 64

—
Utility communication for line protection
IEC 61850 GOOSE for protection signaling

Protection Communication

Station Line 1 Line 2 Line 3

bus GOOSE

Man 1: RED670 FOX615 Main 1

Line Differential protection Utility comms multiplexer
Main 2: REL670 (FOX615 Main 2)
Line Distance protection Utility comms multiplexer

Fiber optic
C37.94 for line diff

Distance protection signal exchange by IEC 61850 increases flexibility, lowers wiring requirements and is faster
than contact and wire based signaling

July 27, 2018 Slide 65

— IEC 61850 network (single or redundant)

Utility communication for line protection

IEC 61850 GOOSE for protection signaling

Protection

Station Line 1 Line 2 Line 3

TEGO1
bus GOOSE

Man 1: RED670 FOX615 Main 1

Line Differential protection Utility comms multiplexer
Main 2: REL670 (FOX615 Main 2)
Line Distance protection Utility comms multiplexer

Fiber optic
C37.94 for line diff

Distance protection signal exchange by IEC 61850 increases flexibility, lowers wiring requirements and is faster
than contact and wire based signaling

July 27, 2018 Slide 66

— IEC 61850 network (single or redundant)

Utility communication for line protection

IEC 61850 Sampled values for differential protection

Protection

Station Line 1 Line 2 Line 3

TEGO1
bus GOOSE &
SV

Man 1: RED670 FOX615 Main 1

Line Differential protection Utility comms multiplexer
Main 2: REL670 (FOX615 Main 2)
Line Distance protection Utility comms multiplexer

Fiber optic

Distance protection signal exchange by IEC 61850 increases flexibility, lowers wiring requirements and is faster
than contact and wire based signaling

July 27, 2018 Slide 67

—
Digital substations with conventional line protection

Distance protection Differential protection

TPE MUX MUX TPE MUX MUX

C37.94 C37.94

PDIS, 21 PDIS, 21 PDIS, 21 PDIS, 21

Process bus Process bus

(GOOSE & SV) (GOOSE & SV)

BIED BIED BIED BIED

SAM600
SAM600 SAM600
SAM600

MU MU MU MU

July 27, 2018 Slide 68

—
Digital substations with digital line protection

Distance protection (released) Differential protection (available as demonstrator)

MUX MUX MUX MUX

GOOSE GOOSE
SV (& GOOSE) SV (&GOOSE)

PDIS, 21 PDIS, 21 PDIS, 21 PDIS, 21

Process bus Process bus

(GOOSE & SV) (GOOSE & SV)

BIED BIED BIED BIED

SAM600
SAM600 SAM600
SAM600

MU MU MU MU

July 27, 2018 Slide 69

—
Busbar protection
Central versus distributed

Central solution with REB670 Distributed solution with REB500

Limits Limits
– Up to 8 feeders/CTs with one REB670 – Up to 60 feeders
– Up to 24 feeders/CTs with 3 REB670 Advantages
Advantages – BBP system size is not influenced by process
– Fully digital solution thanks to 9-2, GOOSE, bus
PTP time synch and up to 3 times HSR/PRP – No station wide time synchronization of MUs
Disadvantages required

– Limited system size Disadvantages

– Dependent on station wide time synch – Binary signals and trips need to be wired as
GOOSE is not supported
– Station wide process bus network for
currents, position indications and BBP trips – 1PPS time synch only
required – 9-2 is not supported in REB500 versions 8.x

July 27, 2018 Slide 70

 —
Busbar protection
Distributed busbar protection with REB500

Description
Main 1 BBP
– Distributed busbar REB
protection with 500
REB500. Bay units
9-2LE
installed in the local
1PPS
control cubicles BU BU BU BU BU BU BU
– IEC 61850-9-2LE
connection from MUs MU
… MU MU MU MU MU
… MU
to bay units
– REB500 BBP operates LCC, M1 LCC, M1 LCC, M1 LCC, M1 LCC, M1 LCC, M1 LCC, M1
independent from
station-wide time
synch, leading to Wired binary
simple design and between bay
high availability units and CB/DS
9-2LE is supported in
REB500 7.6

Slide 71 2018
July 27, GIS example with CP-MUs (MU) acting as 1PPS masters.
—
Busbar protection
Central busbar protection with REB670

Description Main 2 BBP

(LDCM connection between REB670s)
– Central busbar REB REB REB
protection with REB670 670 670 670
IEDs connected with
HSR redundancy to the
devices in the LCCs P&C P&C P&C P&C P&C P&C P&C
– Separated in 3 HSR …
rings for maximum SAM SAM SAM SAM SAM SAM
… SAM
performance. Scalable
MU MU MU MU MU MU MU
up to 24 feeders
LCC, M2 LCC, M2 LCC, M2 LCC, M2 LCC, M2 LCC, M2 LCC, M2
– Robust station-wide
time synchronization by
IEC/IEEE 61850-9-3 for
high availability

Left side Center Right side

July 27, 2018 Slide 72 GIS example with CP-MU (MU) connected to SAM600 (SAM) for ptp time synch an redundant communication with HSR.
—
Synchrocheck

Station bus
 MMS
 GOOSE between
feeders
 BB voltage
sampled values Bay Bay
 1588 time synch control control
 file transfer…
Main 1 Main 1
protection protection

Busbar voltage
to other feeders
*) *)

Process bus
 GOOSE between
process and bay level
 Sampled values Switch Switch
 1588 time synch controller(s) controller(s) Merging
unit(s)

Merging Merging
unit(s) unit(s)

Bay 1 Bay 2

July 27, 2018 Slide 73

—
Secondary system retrofit
—
Introduction
Motivations for retrofits

Produc lifecycle Missing features Adjustements and extensions

— Increase of failures — Insufficient IT security — Substation extensions
— Unavailability of spare parts — Missing monitoring and supervision — Change in power network structure
— Increased maintenance and repair — Lack of remote access for
— Missing know-how of installed operation, monitoring and
technology maintenance

Replacement of secondary system increases substation lifetime

July 27, 2018 Slide 75

—
Introduction
Challenges of retrofits

Limited posibilities for outages Limited space availability

— Through increased loading of the power transmission — Only limited space is available for installation of new
system and increased expectations on its availability protection and control panels
short outage times of feeders and substations are vital — New panels need to be placed where existing cabling is
— Power outages that occur during weakened terminated
transmission system availability, e.g. caused by line — Replacement of indvidual IEDs in existing panels can be
outages during refurbishments, can lead to penalties error prone and time intensive
imposed by the regulator

Digital substation technology enables new ways of secondary system refurbishments

July 27, 2018 Slide 76

—
Example digital retrofit, AIS
Existing installation
RTU HMI
Conventional panels with electro-mechanical auxiliary
relays Control Prot. 1 Prot. 2

Existing installation
Proprietary
– Often several panels for protection and control communication

– Cabled to marshalling kiosk in the switchyard Protection and

control panels
– Automation system with proprietary communication
– Separate computers and/or RTUs for remote control

Retrofit scenario
– Replacement of entire secondary systems

Marshalling kiosk

July 27, 2018 Slide 77

—
Example digital retrofit, AIS
Components of the new system
HMI & Gateway

Optimized digital system with IEC 61850 station and 1 Station level
process bus Protection
control 1&2
1. HMI& communication gateway with 2 Station bus
IEC 61850 station bus
2. Station bus for interoperable communication between 4
3 P&C panel
IEDs and IEDs and station level Space for
bays 2…4
3. Protection and control panel with IEDs for one or several
feeders
4. Protection and/or control IEDs with
IEC 61850 station and process bus
5. IEC 61850 Process bus for real time communication of 5 Process bus
GOOSE and sampled analog values between bay and
process level
6 Outdoor kiosk
6. Marshaling kiosk or local control cubicle with bay control
IEDS or merging units for binary data and conventional
instrument transformers

July 27, 2018 Slide 78

—
Example digital retrofit, AIS
Testing of the new system
HMI & Gateway
Simulator Network
3 control center
Verification of the complete signal chain Protection&
control
Target:
Testing of the entire system from process to network Simulator IEC 61850
(e.g. GOOSE for
level in the factory 2 interlocking)

1. Conventional simulation of primary process

2. If required, simulation of IEC 61850 data (e.g. interlocking
or sampled values of busbar voltage)
3. Point-point testing from process to network level
(simulated or real)

Simulator (U, I,
Indications, alarms…)
1

July 27, 2018 Slide 79

—
Example digital retrofit, AIS
Installation of the new system
RTU HMI HMI & Gateway

Simple installation of the compact process bus based

system Control Prot 1 Prot 2 Protection &
Control 1&2
– Installation of the new protection panels whilst the old
Proprietary
system remains in service communication

– Placement of new panels is independent of existing

cable ways
– Fewer connections between primary equipment and
process interface, as e.g. only one set of redundant
information is required and not separate auxiliary
contacts per application
– Relatively short outage window to switch from the old
to the new fully tested system

July 27, 2018 Slide 80

—
Beispiel digitaler Retrofit, AIS
Entfernen des alten Systems
HMI & Gateway

The new system in operation, ready for the future Protection &
Control 1&2
Removal of the old secondary system while the new system is in
service

Space for
feeders
By adding permanent supervision of all data and assets, the new 2…4
system enables utilities to move from time based to condition
based maintenance

July 27, 2018 Slide 81