Inception Report

Consultancy Services for carrying out feasibility study and detailed project
preparation for Redesigning, Rehabilitation and Up-gradation to 2-lane/2-lane with
paved shoulders or its strengthening in the State of Himachal Pradesh.

CONTENTS
1T1T 1
1T1T 1T1T INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 1
1T1T

1T1T 2
1T1T 1T1T QUALITY ASSURANCE POLICIES, SYSTEMS AND PROCEDURES ............................................................. 2 1T 1T

1T1T 2.1 1T1T 1T1T General ........................................................................................................................................................ 2

1T1 T

1T1T 2.2 1T1T 1T1T Quality Policy ............................................................................................................................................... 2

1 T1T

1T1T 2.3 1T1T 1T1T Management Responsibility ........................................................................................................................ 2

1 T1T

1T1T 2.4 1T1T 1T1T Quality Systems ........................................................................................................................................... 2

1T1T

1T1T 2.5 1T1T 1T1T Contract Review .......................................................................................................................................... 3

1T1T

1T1T 2.6 1T1T 1T1T Design Control ............................................................................................................................................. 3

1T1T

1T1T 2.7 1T1T 1T1T Document and Data Control ........................................................................................................................ 3

1T1T

1T1T 2.8 1T1T 1T1T Process Control of Project Activities ........................................................................................................... 3

1T1T

1T1T 3
1T1T 1T1T TRAFFIC SURVEYS ............................................................................................................................................ 5
1T1T

1T1T 3.1 1T1T 1T1T Number and Location of Survey Stations .................................................................................................... 5
1T 1T

1T1T 3.2 1T1T 1T1T Manpower and Responsibility ..................................................................................................................... 5

1T1T

1T1T 3.3 1T1T 1T1T Applicable Codes / Standards ..................................................................................................................... 5

1T1T

1T1T 3.4 1T1T 1T1T Regulatory Requirements ............................................................................................................................ 5

1T1T

1T1T 3.5 1T1T 1T1T Safety / Environmental Considerations ....................................................................................................... 5

1T1T

1T1T 3.6 1T1T 1T1T Training ........................................................................................................................................................ 5

1T1T

1T1T 3.7 1T1T 1T1T Data Verification .......................................................................................................................................... 5

1T1T

1T1T 3.8 1T1T 1T1T Documentation ............................................................................................................................................ 6

1T1 T

1T1T 3.9 1T1T Work Procedure ........................................................................................................................................... 6

1T1T 1T1T

1T1T 3.10 1T1T 1T1T Proposed Number and Locations of Traffic Survey Stations ...................................................................... 6 1T1 T

1T1T 4
1T1T 1T1T INVENTORY & CONDITION SURVEYS FOR HIGHWAYS& STRUCTURES .................................................... 7 1T1 T

1T1T 4.1 1T1T 1T1T Equipment ................................................................................................................................................... 7

1T1T

1T1T 4.2 1T1T 1T1T Applicable Standards / Codes ..................................................................................................................... 7

1T1T

1T1T 4.3 1T1T 1T1T Regulatory Requirements ............................................................................................................................ 7

1T1T

1T1T 4.4 1T1T 1T1T Safety / Environmental Considerations ....................................................................................................... 7

1T1T

1T1T 4.5 1T1T 1T1T Training ........................................................................................................................................................ 7

1T1T

1T1T 4.6 1T1T 1T1T Data Verification .......................................................................................................................................... 7

1T1T

1T1T 4.7 1T1T 1T1T Documentation ............................................................................................................................................ 7

1T1 T

1T1T 4.8 1T1T Work Procedure ........................................................................................................................................... 7

1T1T 1T1T

1T1T 4.9 1T1T 1T1T Proforma for recording data ........................................................................................................................ 9

1T1T

1T1T 5
1T1T 1T1T Topographic Surveys ......................................................................................................................................... 10
1T1 T

1T1T 5.1 1T1T 1T1T Global Position Survey (GPS) Stations ..................................................................................................... 10
1T1T

1T1T 5.2 1T1T 1T1T Intermediate Reference Pillars .................................................................................................................. 10

1T1T

1T1T 5.3 1T1T 1T1T Setting up Instrument on Station ............................................................................................................... 10

1T1T

1T1T 5.4 1T1T 1T1T Taking Traverse Readings ........................................................................................................................ 11

1T1T

Planning & Infrastructural Development

In Association i
Consultants Pvt. Ltd. LKT Engineering Consultants Ltd.
 Inception Report
Consultancy Services for carrying out feasibility study and detailed project
preparation for Redesigning, Rehabilitation and Up-gradation to 2-lane/2-lane with
paved shoulders or its strengthening in the State of Himachal Pradesh.

1T1T 5.5 1T1T 1T1T Taking Detail Survey Readings ................................................................................................................. 11

1T1T

1T1T 6
1T1T 1T1T AXLE LOAD SURVEY ....................................................................................................................................... 23
1T1T

1T1T 6.1 1T1T 1T1T TOR Requirements ................................................................................................................................... 23

1T1T

1T1T 6.2 1T1T 1T1T Manpower and Responsibility ................................................................................................................... 23

1T1T

1T1T 6.3 1T1T 1T1T Equipment ................................................................................................................................................. 23

1T1T

1T1T 6.4 1T1T 1T1T Applicable Codes / Standards ................................................................................................................... 23

1T1T

1T1T 6.5 1T1T 1T1T Regulatory Requirements .......................................................................................................................... 23

1T1T

1T1T 6.6 1T1T 1T1T Safety / Environmental Considerations ..................................................................................................... 23

1T1T

1T1T 6.7 1T1T 1T1T Training ...................................................................................................................................................... 23

1T1T

1T1T 6.8 1T1T 1T1T Data Verification ........................................................................................................................................ 23

1T1T

1T1T 6.9 1T1T 1T1T Documentation .......................................................................................................................................... 24

1T1 T

1T1T 6.10 1T1T Work Procedure ......................................................................................................................................... 24

1T1T 1T1T

1T1T 6.11 1T1T 1T1T Proposed Locations for Axle Survey ......................................................................................................... 24
1T1T

1T1T 6.12 1T1T 1T1T Proforma for Recording Data .................................................................................................................... 24

1T1T

1T1T 7
1T1T 1T1T Benkelman beam deflection survey ................................................................................................................... 25
1T1T

1T1T 7.1 1T1T 1T1T Manpower and Responsibility ................................................................................................................... 25

1T1T

1T1T 7.2 1T1T 1T1T Equipment ................................................................................................................................................. 25

1T1T

1T1T 7.3 1T1T 1T1T Applicable Standards / Codes ................................................................................................................... 25

1T1T

1T1T 7.4 1T1T 1T1T Regulatory Requirements .......................................................................................................................... 25

1T1T

1T1T 7.5 1T1T 1T1T Safety / Environmental Considerations ..................................................................................................... 25

1T1T

1T1T 7.6 1T1T 1T1T Training ...................................................................................................................................................... 26

1T1T

1T1T 7.7 1T1T 1T1T Data Verification ........................................................................................................................................ 26

1T1T

1T1T 7.8 1T1T 1T1T Documentation .......................................................................................................................................... 26

1T1 T

1T1T 7.9 1T1T 1T1T Quality Plan ............................................................................................................................................... 26

1T1T

1T1T 8
1T1T 1T1T SOIL AND MATERIALS INVESTIGATIONS ...................................................................................................... 27
1T1T

1T1T 8.1 1T1T 1T1T Requirements ............................................................................................................................................ 27

1T1T

1T1T 8.2 1T1T 1T1T Manpower and Responsibility ................................................................................................................... 27

1T1T

1T1T 8.3 1T1T 1T1T Equipment ................................................................................................................................................. 27

1T1T

1T1T 8.4 1T1T 1T1T Applicable Codes / Standards ................................................................................................................... 27

1T1T

1T1T 8.5 1T1T 1T1T Regulatory Requirements .......................................................................................................................... 27

1T1T

1T1T 8.6 1T1T 1T1T Safety / Environmental Considerations ..................................................................................................... 27

1T1T

1T1T 8.7 1T1T 1T1T Training ...................................................................................................................................................... 27

1T1T

1T1T 8.8 1T1T 1T1T Data Verification ........................................................................................................................................ 28

1T1T

1T1T 8.9 1T1T 1T1T Documentation .......................................................................................................................................... 28

1T1 T

1T1T 8.10 1T1T Work Procedure ......................................................................................................................................... 28

1T1T 1T1T

1T1T 8.11 1T1T 1T1T Proforma for Recording Test Results ........................................................................................................ 29
1T1T

1T1T 9
1T1T 1T1T GEOTECHNICAL AND SUB-SOIL INVESTIGATIONS ..................................................................................... 30 1T1T

1T1T 9.1 1T1T 1T1T TOR Requirements ................................................................................................................................... 30

1T1T

1T1T 9.2 1T1T 1T1T Manpower and Responsibility ................................................................................................................... 30

1T1T

Planning & Infrastructural Development

In Association ii
Consultants Pvt. Ltd. LKT Engineering Consultants Ltd.
 Inception Report
Consultancy Services for carrying out feasibility study and detailed project
preparation for Redesigning, Rehabilitation and Up-gradation to 2-lane/2-lane with
paved shoulders or its strengthening in the State of Himachal Pradesh.

1T1T 9.3 1T1T 1T1T Equipment ................................................................................................................................................. 30

1T1T

1T1T 9.4 1T1T 1T1T Calibration of Instruments ......................................................................................................................... 30

1T1T

1T1T 9.5 1T1T 1T1T Applicable Standards / Codes ................................................................................................................... 30

1T1T

1T1T 9.6 1T1T 1T1T Regulatory Requirements .......................................................................................................................... 30

1T1T

1T1T 9.7 1T1T 1T1T Safety / Environmental Considerations ..................................................................................................... 31

1T1T

1T1T 9.8 1T1T 1T1T Data Verification ........................................................................................................................................ 31

1T1T

1T1T 9.9 1T1T 1T1T Documentation .......................................................................................................................................... 31

1T1 T

1T1T 9.10 1T1T 1T1T Laboratory Analysis ................................................................................................................................... 31

1T1T

1T1T 9.11 1T1T 1T1T Proforma for Recording Test Records ...................................................................................................... 31
1T1T

1T1T 10 1T 1T 1T1T PREPARATION, CHECKING, APPROVAL AND FILING OF CALCULATIONS .......................................... 32 1T 1T

1T1T 10.1 1T1T 1T1T Purpose ..................................................................................................................................................... 32

1T1T

1T1T 10.2 1T1T 1T1T Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................. 32

1T1T

1T1T 10.3 1T1T 1T1T Procedure .................................................................................................................................................. 32

1T1 T

1T1T 10.4 1T1T 1T1T Preparation of Design Calculations ........................................................................................................... 33

1T1T

1T1T 10.5 1T1T 1T1T Review, Verification and Approval of Design Calculations ....................................................................... 33 1T1T

1T1T 10.6 1T1T 1T1T Final Inspection ......................................................................................................................................... 33

1T 1T

1T1T 10.7 1T1T 1T1T Client Approval .......................................................................................................................................... 34

1T1T

1T1T 10.8 1T1T 1T1T Amendments / Changes ............................................................................................................................ 34

1T1T

1T1T 10.9 1T1T 1T1T Updating of Master List(s) Status .............................................................................................................. 34

1T1T

1T1T 11 1T 1T 1T1T DESIGN, DRAWING AND DOCUMENTATION ............................................................................................ 37 1T1T

1T1T 11.1 1T1T 1T1T General ...................................................................................................................................................... 37

1T1 T

1T1T 11.2 1T1T 1T1T Planning and Design Development ........................................................................................................... 37

1T1T

Planning & Infrastructural Development

In Association iii
Consultants Pvt. Ltd. LKT Engineering Consultants Ltd.
 Inception Report
Consultancy Services for carrying out feasibility study and detailed project
preparation for Redesigning, Rehabilitation and Up-gradation to 2-lane/2-lane with
paved shoulders or its strengthening in the State of Himachal Pradesh.

1 INTRODUCTION
The Quality Assurance Plan (QAP) for Consultancy Services for carrying out feasibility study and
detailed project preparation for Redesigning, Rehabilitation and Up-gradation of Dramman-
Sihunta-Chamba-Koti-Tissa-Traila-Bairagarh-Killar Road to 2-lane/2-lane with paved shoulders or
its strengthening in the State of Himachal Pradesh, from it is essentially intended to assist the project
team to carry out the various project-related activities in conformity with the contractual and technical
requirements as per Technical schedules, IRC Standards, MoRT&H Specifications and Terms of
Reference (TOR) as given in the Contract Agreement. The overall aim of the QAP is to eliminate errors
rather than detect errors so that deliverables are of required quality and can be submitted to the agreed
time frame. QAP is in conformation with quality standards and in consonance with the declared quality
policy of the M/s Planning & Infrastructural Development Consultants Pvt. Ltd. & M/s LKT Engineering
Consultants Ltd. All the activities of the project to be undertaken by the PIDC & LKT shall be based on
the quality assurance system / procedures set out on the basis of the Technical Schedules, IRC
Standards, BIS Specifications, MoRT&H Specifications and Circulars, sound engineering practices and
as approved by the MoRT&H.
The QAP is based on the existing Quality Policy and System Procedures prevalent in the organization
and has been suitably modified to meet the specific project requirements. The QAP shall ensure that all
investigations are controlled from inception and controlled at appropriate levels and the data collected is
authorized and approved before use. Similarly, all designs and reporting documentation shall be
subjected to the rigors of the QAP and ultimately approved by the Team Leader.
Quality Assurance Procedures have been framed for the following activities covering the different stages
of the project:
 Traffic Surveys
 Inventory and Condition Survey of Road, Bridges and Culverts
 Topographic Surveys
 Axle Load Survey
 Benkelman Beam Deflection Test
 Soil and Material Investigations
 Geo-technical and sub-soil Investigations
 Checking, approval and Filing of Calculations
 Design, Drawing and Documentation
 Identification and Traceability of Project Documents

Planning & Infrastructural Development

In Association 1
Consultants Pvt. Ltd. LKT Engineering Consultants Ltd.
 Inception Report
Consultancy Services for carrying out feasibility study and detailed project
preparation for Redesigning, Rehabilitation and Up-gradation to 2-lane/2-lane with
paved shoulders or its strengthening in the State of Himachal Pradesh.

2 QUALITY ASSURANCE POLICIES, SYSTEMS AND PROCEDURES

2.1 General
In this chapter, the quality policy, the management responsibility, the quality systems and procedures
etc. under which all the projects undertaken by the Company are executed, are briefly brought out in the
following paragraphs to provide the overall idea about the general systems and controls which are going
to be adopted for quality assurance of this project.
2.2 Quality Policy
Proposed quality assurance system of LKT is shown in Figure 2.1. It provides for the overall quality
assurance system of the company, and the commitment of the management to implement and maintain
the quality at all levels of the organization. A Quality Assurance Plan (QAP) Manual in conformity with the
standards has been prepared to detail the quality system procedures, and all the functionaries have
been imparted training on the systems for various operations in the respective areas of activities.
2.3 Management Responsibility
The responsibility undertaken by LKT management for implementation of the quality assurance system
includes:
 Definition of responsibility and authority of the various team members such as job title / objective,
principal responsibilities / duties, the lines of communication, etc.
 Provision and maintenance of adequate and appropriate resources for performance, verification
and management.
 Designation of Project Director at Head Office vested with the authority and responsibility for
ensuring that the Quality Systems for various activities as given in the QAP and approved by
Client are implemented and maintained properly.
 Arranging design reviews by suitable personnel not directly involved in the particular activity.
 Conduct of Quality System Audits by suitable independent personnel not responsible in any way
for quality of item to be audited.
 Management reviews to assess the suitability and effectiveness of the system and to determine
whether any changes in the procedures or philosophy are warranted to meet current and future
needs.
2.4 Quality Systems
The quality system adopted by LKT has been designed to encourage and reinforce throughout the
organization a Client-oriented quality culture that conforms to the Client’s agreed requirements and on
time.
The quality system is structured on three levels as follows:
Level 1 - Project Specific Quality Assurance Plan (QAP)/ Manual that describes the
responsibilities of everybody involved in the project with respect to the requirements of
Technical schedules, IRC/ MoRT&H Specifications and Standards.
Level 2 - Training before commencement of activities, on-the-job training and post activities
briefing with interpretation of results to make the sub-professionals and support staff
understand the importance of each data collected from the site and each activity carried
out by them.

Planning & Infrastructural Development

In Association 2
Consultants Pvt. Ltd. LKT Engineering Consultants Ltd.
 Inception Report
Consultancy Services for carrying out feasibility study and detailed project
preparation for Redesigning, Rehabilitation and Up-gradation to 2-lane/2-lane with
paved shoulders or its strengthening in the State of Himachal Pradesh.

Level 3 - Independently, random checking of all the field activities, design and drawing activities
by the experts not directly involved with the project and communication with the personnel
of Client at regular interval to take their views, advise and guidelines, timely.
The three-level quality system is depicted in Figure 2.2.
2.5 Contract Review
After award of the work, contract review is done by the team leader as to ensure that quality and scope
of services offered to the Client by LKT have been adequately addressed, that LKT has the capability to
meet the contractual requirements and the differences, if any, between the tender and contract
requirements are resolved.
2.6 Design Control
The design control is essentially intended for controlling all activities of design planning, design
preparation, verification, review and validation so that the final products meet specified requirements.
The various project functionaries engaged in the design work, drawing and preparation of reports carry
this out. The procedure includes the following activities:

 Identification and definition of organizational interfaces.

 Design and Development Planning, definition of responsibilities and assignments for design
control.
 Identification of Tasks and Scheduling
 Assigning qualified and experienced personnel equipped with adequate resources.
 Preparation, checking / verification, review and approval of design inputs.
 Review, approval and checking / verification of Design outputs.
 Control of design changes and validation of design
2.7 Document and Data Control
The quality system of LKT provides for a clear and precise procedure for control of documents for
approval, issue, distribution, review and removal of obsolete ones.
2.8 Process Control of Project Activities
LKT has established Quality Assurance procedures for planning and execution of the various activities
involved in a project. The quality assurance procedures for the various survey and investigation, as also
in the preparation of designs and drawings are provided in this QAP.

Planning & Infrastructural Development

In Association 3
Consultants Pvt. Ltd. LKT Engineering Consultants Ltd.
 Inception Report
Consultancy Services for carrying out feasibility study and detailed project
preparation for Redesigning, Rehabilitation and Up-gradation to 2-lane/2-lane with
paved shoulders or its strengthening in the State of Himachal Pradesh.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Planning & Infrastructural Development

In Association 4
Consultants Pvt. Ltd. LKT Engineering Consultants Ltd.
 Inception Report
Consultancy Services for carrying out feasibility study and detailed project
preparation for Redesigning, Rehabilitation and Up-gradation to 2-lane/2-lane with
paved shoulders or its strengthening in the State of Himachal Pradesh.

3 TRAFFIC SURVEYS
3.1 Number and Location of Survey Stations
The type of traffic surveys and the minimum number of survey stations shall comply with the minimum
requirements specified in the TOR. The exact location for each type of survey shall be finalized in
consultation with the Client.
3.2 Manpower and Responsibility
The surveys will be planned and programmed by the Traffic Expert under overall guidance of the Team
Leader. He will be assisted by a Traffic Engineer who will be directly responsible for controlling the field
operations and quality / collection of field data.
Trained enumerators will be given an orientation of the project requirements prior to start of the survey. A
one-hour dummy counting shall be carried out at the start of the survey to enable the enumerators to
appreciate and understand our requirements.
3.3 Applicable Codes / Standards
 Classified Traffic Counts :IRC: 9
 O-D Survey: IRC: 102
Normally all the standards as given in the IRC: SP: 19 – 2002 shall be followed including standard
formats.
3.4 Regulatory Requirements
 All the survey teams will carry with them a letter of authority from the Client.
 Help of local police will be taken for stopping vehicles while carrying out the O-D Surveys and
Axle Load Surveys.
3.5 Safety / Environmental Considerations
The Volume Count / O-D survey / Axle Load Survey stations will be located where the road is straight
and fairly level and where adequate shoulder space is available for positioning the enumerators, and for
stopping vehicles in the case of O-D survey.
3.6 Training
All the enumerators will be given an orientation about the objective of the project, the purpose of the
survey and the methodology for filling the Proforma. The Supervising Engineers will work with the
enumerators on the first day and have periodic checks on the following days till completion.
3.7 Data Verification
For each hour of counting, the Supervising Engineer will visit each count station to check whether the
enumerators are entering the data correctly. He will also carry out an independent check himself by
counting at a location away from the survey station for 15 minutes.
At the end of each shift of 8 hours, the Supervising Engineer will make a summary of hourly counts. This
data will be used to check consistency of traffic volumes from day to day of counting with respect to
hourly and daily volumes.
In case of major variations exceeding 20% without any corresponding reason, the survey will be
repeated. All the field survey data sheets will be filled with identification information like date, day, shift,
direction, weather condition etc. these will be checked and signed by the supervisor.

Planning & Infrastructural Development

In Association 5
Consultants Pvt. Ltd. LKT Engineering Consultants Ltd.
 Inception Report
Consultancy Services for carrying out feasibility study and detailed project
preparation for Redesigning, Rehabilitation and Up-gradation to 2-lane/2-lane with
paved shoulders or its strengthening in the State of Himachal Pradesh.

3.8 Documentation
All the filled up data sheets will be suitably numbered, got stitched and submitted to Traffic Engineer for
data punching and analysis.
3.9 Work Procedure
The work will be carried out in accordance with the requirement of the relevant standards, or as per the
approved procedure by the Client for items not covered by IRC standards.
Particular attention will be paid for locating the survey stations. These will be located away from urban
influence with due consideration that each survey location represents a section of homogenous traffic.
For the O-D survey, vehicles will be stopped with the help of local police on a random sampling basis. A
sample size of at least 20% will be targeted.
To capture the quantum local traffic in the vicinity of urban areas, additional counts for a day are planned.
The extent of urban influence will also be delineated during this survey so that suitable measures like
providing additional lanes or service roads or bypass could be considered.
3.10 Proposed Number and Locations of Traffic Survey Stations

3.10.1 General
The specific details regarding locations of the various traffic surveys as mentioned above shall be
submitted in traffic survey plan after detailed reconnaissance survey of the alignment to be
carried out by the Key Personnel of our Team.

3.10.2 Proforma for Recording Data

Proforma for recording data in respect of the following surveys are enclosed in annexure 3.1 to
3.9
 Classified Traffic Volume Count Survey for trucks & cars
 Origin-Destination Count Survey (Goods Vehicles)
 Origin-Destination Count Survey (Car/Jeep/Bus)
 Turning Movement Count for trucks & cars
 Pedestrian Survey
 Truck Terminal Survey
 Speed Delay Survey

Planning & Infrastructural Development

In Association 6
Consultants Pvt. Ltd. LKT Engineering Consultants Ltd.
 Inception Report
Consultancy Services for carrying out feasibility study and detailed project
preparation for Redesigning, Rehabilitation and Up-gradation to 2-lane/2-lane with
paved shoulders or its strengthening in the State of Himachal Pradesh.

4 INVENTORY & CONDITION SURVEYS FOR HIGHWAYS& STRUCTURES

4.1 Equipment
The equipment used will be as follows:
a) 3m and 30 m tapes for making linear measurements.
b) 2m straight edge and wedge for Pavement Condition Survey.
c) Benkelman Beam
4.2 Applicable Standards / Codes
 IRC: SP: 19 for road related features
 IRC: SP: 35 for inventory condition survey of bridges and culverts
 In house procedure for pavement condition survey for developing for feeding HDM-IV model.
All the inventory data will initially be recorded in appropriate proforma.
4.3 Regulatory Requirements
The Survey / investigation teams will carry with them the following documents:
 Letter of authority from the Client to carry out the investigation.
 A list of equipment including identification numbers and approximate cost
 A letter of octroi exemption
4.4 Safety / Environmental Considerations
A flagman with red flag will be used to make vehicles to slow down or stop when any measurement
across the carriageway is made.
4.5 Training
The concerned Senior Personnel will give an induction course to the Assistant Engineers before start of
the inventory surveys. The concerned senior personnel themselves will carry out the condition survey of
the pavement and structures.
4.6 Data Verification
The individual who has collected the data will sign all the data sheets. The concerned senior personnel
will have a check on all the data sheets and countersign these as a measure of authentication.
4.7 Documentation
All the data sheets duly signed by the concerned will be suitably stitched in files, labelled and sent to
office for further analysis.
4.8 Work Procedure
a) Inventory of road and culvert / bridge structure
This will be in the form of linear measurements with tape to capture all the existing physical
features. All chainages will be with reference to the existing hectometre and kilometre stones
fixed along the highway. Dimensions of the visible approachable portions of the bridges and
structures will be similarly measured. Also all other information related to the structures will be
collected. Requirement of the details of existing structures to carry out further engineering
analysis will thus be met.
b) Pavement Condition Survey

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Consultants Pvt. Ltd. LKT Engineering Consultants Ltd.
 Inception Report
Consultancy Services for carrying out feasibility study and detailed project
preparation for Redesigning, Rehabilitation and Up-gradation to 2-lane/2-lane with
paved shoulders or its strengthening in the State of Himachal Pradesh.

Pavement Condition survey shall be carried out under the Supervision of Pavement Specialist.
The survey on general pavement conditions shall be primarily a visual exercise undertaken by
means of slow drive-over survey, and supplemented with measurements where necessary. Visual
assessment shall be carried out from a vehicle, with speed not exceeding 20 km/hr and stopping
at various locations at suitable intervals and wherever necessary, by variations in pavement
conditions. At the points of stoppage, simple measurements using measuring tape, straight edge
shall be carried out to quantify pavement deficiency on a representative basis. Aspects of
pavement conditions assessed include surface defects, rut depth, cracking, potholes, patched
areas, shoulder condition etc. An overall assessment of performance – serviceability of the road
shall also be done to qualitatively rate the existing pavement and shoulder condition.
The pavement condition shall be measured under the following sub-heads:
 Pavement composition (Type, Thickness)
 Shoulder condition (Fair/Poor/Failed)
 Riding Quality (Speed, quality: G/F/P/VP)
 Pavement condition (cracking %, Ravelling %, Potholes/ Patching (Nos. & %100 m, Rut
depth (None/Moderate/ Severe)
 Pavement Edge Drop (mm)
 Embankment Condition (Good/Fair/Poor)
 Road Side Drain (Non Existing/Partially Functional/Functional)
All the distress condition shall be estimated by carrying out visual condition survey and taking
measurements wherever necessary after dividing each distress mode of the Pavement in nine
categories i.e. Light / Medium / Heavy and each category further sub-divided in three more
categories, e.g. Light distress condition as Light (-) / Light / Light (+). By studying, the pavement
condition of the project road, each category of distress mode shall be given a definite quantitative
value and data sheet prepared in the field in the coded form shall be converted into the
quantitative values.
c) Condition survey of Bridges and Culverts
Bridge Structural Engineer assisted by an Assistant Bridge Engineer will carry this out. The
condition assessment will be carried out in accordance with guidelines given in IRC: SP: 35
In IRC: SP: 35, Inspection proforma for bridges / structures have been provided. The same is
applicable to any kind of distressed structures. Thus, based on the actual condition of the bridges
and structures only the relevant information contained in the proforma will be collected.
d) HFL and LWL bed level of the Drainage Structures
The observed HFL and LWL bed level for all the drainage structures will be ascertained from the
available data records if any or from the local enquiry and from the marks visible on the
structures. Overtopping and submergence for the structures, if any, will also be ascertained from
the available records and from the local enquiry.
e) Site Selection
In order to evolve an efficient realignment or new bridge/ structure the several possible options
will be studied for arriving at the most viable alignment/site. Following general factors are to be
considered for the evolution of the most viable option:
Objective for realignment/ proposed bridge/ structure:
 Safeguarding the environment;

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 Least disturbance to land use in the area or navigation/ hydrology of the stream; and
 Cost effectiveness.
Factors controlling the above Criteria are as follows:
Objectives
 Accessibility;
 Service to Highway users;
 Directness of route;
 Network connectivity; and
 Traffic Demand.
Environment
 Minimal impact on environment;
 Rehabilitation and resettlement;
 Water and Air quality;
 Minimum noise pollution;
 Preservation of culture; and
 Protection of flora and fauna.
Land Use
 Minimal impact on agricultural activities;
 Minimal impact on commercial activities; and
 Consideration of future land use plan.
Financial
 Cost effective construction;
 Minimal cost of construction; and
 Other construction considerations.
The above factors are to be presented in the form of evaluation matrix for each of the option, and
recommendations for the selected options will be made accordingly.
f) Topographic Survey for the longitudinal section and cross section
To get the longitudinal and cross-sections of the streams, survey will be carried out as felt
necessary by the concerned senior personnel. The topographic survey shall be carried out as
detailed under QAP of topographic surveys.
g) Highway Drainage Parameters
Site specific parameters will be recorded at site regarding design of rural, semi-urban, urban,
super-elevated and high embankment stretches.
4.9 Proforma for recording data
Proforma for recording data in respect of the following are enclosed as Annexure 4.1 to 4.5 at the end:
 Road Inventory
 Pavement Condition Survey
 Roughness Survey
 Inventory and Condition Survey of Culvert
 Inventory and Condition Survey of Bridges.

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5 TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYS
5.1 Global Position Survey (GPS) Stations
The primary traverse shall be established using GPS instruments. GPS control pillars shall be
established generally at about 5km intervals along the preferred alignment. The GPS Pillars shall be
used for horizontal control of the alignment. The level values obtained from GPS instrument shall be
ignored, as the same does not give the desired accuracy. The levels shall be transferred from some
known GTS/reference Bench Mark available near the project site. The levelling shall be done within the
permissible closing error. Each GPS pillar shall be established at locations where they are not likely to be
disturbed and shall be painted.
5.2 Intermediate Reference Pillars
Intermediate Reference Pillars (Bench Mark Pillars) shall be located generally at an interval of 250m,
alternatively at RHS / LHS edge of the proposed Right of Way (ROW) and connected to the GPS Control
Pillars in order to establish the Intermediate traverse grid. They shall be properly painted with yellow
paint. Reduced Level (RL), Reference Pillar Number etc. shall be marked on it with red paint. A complete
list of Reference Pillars shall be prepared including x, y and z coordinates of each BM. All detailed
topographic survey shall be carried out with respect to these Intermediate Reference Pillars.
 The Intermediate Reference Pillars shall be of size 15cm x 15cm x 60 cm cast in RCC (M15) with
a nail fixed in the centre of the top surface and embedded in concrete up to a depth of 45 cm with
CC M10 Grade (15 cm wide all around). The balance 15 cm above ground shall be painted
yellow.
 Benchmarks at site shall be established connecting to GTS Bench Marks at an interval of 250 m
on Bench Mark Pillar made of RCC as mentioned above with RL and BM Number marked on it
with red paint.
5.3 Setting up Instrument on Station
The Senior Survey Engineer shall inspect all instruments to verify that no damage has occurred in transit.
The instrument shall be then set up as follows:
 Set up total station over the station and measure height of instrument
 Fill in top of Detail Survey Booking Sheet.
 Filename e.g. 2912PC.FC5
 Station number
 Height of instrument
 Date
 Observer (Surveyor)
 Page number (start each day on page 1)
 Start string number (add 1 to previous station or start at 01 for each new day)
The vertical Collimation shall be checked on the First station for each day in the following manner:
 In Face Left sight to a distant well-defined object and record the Vertical circle reading on the
booking sheet.
 In face, Right re-sight the same object and again record the Vertical circle
 Add the two readings and subtract 360o
 This difference is Twice the Vertical Collimation Error. This error should be less than 20” to

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maintain the required vertical accuracy

 Check that the prism constant is correct for the prisms being used for the Traverse Detail Survey
 Place a mark about 120 m from the station and measure the distance with the 30-metre tape
 Take a reading to the Prism at this point and ensure the horizontal distance is within 5 mm of the
taped distance
5.4 Taking Traverse Readings
In face left, set 0 o 00’00” to Back sight station. If using a Prism pole, the chainman shall make sure that
PP PP

he uses an extra pole to brace the prism pole whilst taking the readings. The extra pole should be held
almost on line with the Total station to allow the Surveyor to be able to see the bottom of the Prism pole
to set his bearing. Two sets of horizontal angles will be measured in face left and face right. All the
horizontal angles of offset points are to be measured in face left only.
5.5 Taking Detail Survey Readings
After traverse readings, read and record an angle to a reference object other than a station. This angle
can be used to check orientation if the instrument is disturbed. This object shall be checked back every
50 readings.
 Chalk marks shall be marked on the Road edge every 25 m on straights or very gentle curves or
5 to 10 m on sharp curves to align the string readings. The survey should extend to within 20 m of
the previous survey or half way to the next station.
 The entire topographical survey from a station proceeds in one direction from left to right or right
to left.
The various aspects of survey are detailed below.

A. TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY
The Carrying out of topographical surveys shall be one of the most important and crucial field
tasks under the project. The detailed field surveys shall be carried out using Total Station. The
data from the topographical surveys shall be available in x, y and z format for use in Mx software
to develop digital terrain model (DTM). Senior Survey Engineer shall be fully responsible for
accuracy and sufficiency of the topographical survey as per TOR. Following shall be adhered to:
(1) Travers accuracy is 1:20000, (2) Closing loop distance 5cm per km (3) Permissible Levelling
error 12Ök
It shall be assured that the surveys extend a minimum of 30m beyond either side of the centreline
of the proposed divided carriageway or land boundary whichever is more. Wherever larger
widening is proposed, more width shall be surveyed. At junctions surveys shall be done up to a
length of at least 120m for minor junction and 300m for major junctions on the intersecting roads
to design junction improvements.
Longitudinal and cross sections for major and minor streams shall be taken as per
recommendations contained in IRC Special Publication No. 13 and IRC: 5 – 1985 with cross
sections at 10m interval.
i. Survey
Topographic survey shall be carried out with reference to Intermediate Reference Pillars. The
x, y, z co-ordinates for each station surveyed shall be recorded with respect to the values of

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traverse stations. All features shall be accurately picked up and properly coded as explained
below. A sketch for surveyed points with respect to traverse station shall be proposed.The
sketch shall include:
 Station positions (including Set up, Back sight, Foresight and Temporary Stations)
 All features with string numbers.
 Any additional information as felt necessary and as directed by the Team Leader/
Highway Design Engineer.
 A record of the string numbers on the right of the sketch shall be properly kept.
 Any error found in the field shall be recorded on the booking sheet for correction. The
following shall be recorded:
 Point number of error
 The actual error
 The corrected error
ii. Coding
Coding for feature shall comprise of four characters. First two characters shall describe the
feature and last two characters shall mention the string number. The string number i.e. last
two characters shall be alphanumeric starting from 01 to 09, A1 – A9, B0 – B9…….Z0 – Z9,
AA-AZ, BA-BZ,…….., ZA-ZZ. Whenever there is a break in a string, its number shall be
changed.
Break shall be introduced in the left & right edges of shoulder due to culverts, bridges etc.
While recording information for a particular string number; it should be loaded in the sequence
of joining them i.e. for BG01, BG02. Recording of data shall be done either clockwise /
anticlockwise as shown in the sketch below:
BG01 BG01 BG02 BG02

BG01 BG01 BG02 BG02

All the surveyed points having the string no. BG01 shall be joined together in the sequence of
recording to draw the first building and all points having code BG02 shall be joined together to
draw the second building i.e. numeric part will indicate the points to be joined to form the
detail and descriptive part indicates the feature. The survey data shall be thoroughly checked
before it is processed through Mx Software.
All the features that are not to be joined (e.g. telephone poles, trees, electricity poles, spot
levels etc.), shall be having their codes in the form p… i.e. the point strings code shall always
start with P. No feature shall have its survey code starting with M, L or G.
Before proceeding to site, surveyor shall consult with Highway Design Engineer and Software
Expert, regarding fixing of string code and do the needful as required for the Mx Highway
Design Software.
Normally all heights observed are contour-able. If for some unavoidable reasons any height

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cannot be observed correctly then this is to be coded differently so that design engineer can
understand that these points are not to be considered for contouring.
iii. Guidelines for Typical Feature Surveys
In one string, points are to be taken in exact sequence, in one direction only for the complete
section of the project road. All survey teams shall follow same direction.
a) Topography
Banks or Side Slopes (Code EB and ET)
 Banks shall be located opposite the chalk marks and any change of direction or grade
where they run parallel to the road.
 When the Banks are not parallel to the alignment, readings every 20 m or change of
direction or grade, whichever is earlier.
 While following a bank that changes direction often, keep the top and bottom readings
next to each other to avoid the lines overlapping.
 Canal (CodeCA)
 Canal strings run along the top of the Canal bank
 The location of the string shall be the same as for Top of Banks
Natural Surface points (Code PNSL)
These points shall be located every 10 m to show high or low points. Natural surface
points should never be used to show changes of grade instead of a string.
Edge of Water / Pond (Code WP)
 Readings to be taken at edge of water outline as shown
 Readings should be in proper sequence, beginning from start to end point.
Edge of Ditch / Borrow pit (Code D)
 Readings to be taken to the edge of ditch and one reading to the bottom of the ditch.
 Outline of Rocks (Code RO)
 Readings to be taken at edge of rocks to show outline and on reading on the top of the
rock.
Electricity, Telephone and Underground utilities
 Electricity / Transformer/ Telephone poles (Codes PELP, PTE, PTEP)
 Locate these features on the roadside. Height of electric wires telephone wires
crossing project road shall be recorded taking minimum of three points just above the
carriageway.
 Underground utilities like optical fibre cable (OFC), telephone cable, electricity cable,
water supply mains, oil and gas pipelines shall be picked up besides location of
distribution points visible over the ground.

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b) Structures
Edge of Buildings (Code BG)
 Locate corners of buildings closest to the road
 Prism Rod shall be placed on the natural ground not on the building.
Fence line (CodeFL)
 Locate Fence line every 25 m or change in grade or direction.
Religious structures (Code PRS)
 E.g. Temple, Church, Mosque etc (shall be T/C/M respectively)
 Locate the outline of the structure.
Graveyard (Code PGRM)
Take one point near the edge of the grave on the ground (pole shall be placed on the
ground not on the grave (which is nearest to road).
Temporary House or Hut (Code TH)
 Locate the same as for Building (BG) string.
 THStrings are contour able and Break lines
Edge of Wall (CodeWA)
 Locate roadside edge of wall at ground level
Bore Well (Code PBWE)
 Locate centre of Bore Well pump
Concrete Well (Code WC)
 Locate a string of well by taking at least three points around the well so that a
circle can be created.
Irrigation Well (CodeWI)
 Same as string around edge of well.
Level Crossing
 At level crossing cover the railway line at least 200 to 300 m on either side of road

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and rail track noting layout, level and physical features around the area.
 Code (RL.)
 Take two points at the centre of Railway line as marked by x in the sketch shown
below @ 10m interval
 In the sketch shown below a typical level crossing is shown.
Trees (Code PTRC) where C is the class of tree.
 Trees with girth less than 0.3m need not be picked up.
 As trees are not be joined i.e. Point string so its code shall be prefixed with P.
 The trees can be classified as follows:
Perimeter (Girth) Range at 1m above the Ground Level
Class
(Mts.)

0.3m to 0.6m A

0.6m to 0.9m B

0.9m to 1.8m C

> 1.8m D

E.g. for a tree with perimeter 1.0m the code will be PTRC.

B. LONGITUDINAL SECTIONS
Long section shall be carried out along the centreline of alignment at 10 m intervals sections and
at closer intervals if there is any horizontal curve, sharp vertical curve also at the location of small
streams and intersections etc.
C. CROSS - SECTIONS
(a) Cross – Sections to be taken @ 10m interval up to 40m on both sides from the centreline
of the alignment.
(b) The cross-section’s levels shall be taken as necessary to define ground profile, but not
exceeding 1 m interval on existing road surface and elsewhere 5m.
(c) At cross road locations where intersection improvement is anticipated, cross-sections of
crossroad shall be taken at 10m intervals up to 30m each side from centre line of the
cross roads or up to ROW of crossroad, whichever is more. The cross-sections of the

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cross roads shall be taken up to a minimum length of 120m.

(d) At all other crossroad locations of lesser significance, an extra cross-section covering full-
proposed ROW as per the standard practice shall be undertaken.
The distance between the two-offset/ transverse points shall not be more than 5m.
D. CROSS-SECTIONS AT PROPOSED BRIDGE LOCATIONS (LENGTH > 6M)
The scope is explained as under:
 Bridge is a cross drainage structure whose total length is greater than 6 m
 Bridges (Code BRx) where x is the string number.
A typical detail for levelling for bridge is shown below:

 The string number for CC can be same but for CR, CL, SL, SR & EB it is to be increased as
shown in sketch
 Minimum three cross sections are to be taken at the start of proposed bridge, middle of
proposed bridge and end of proposed bridge. The locations are as marked ‘X’ in the sketch
 The survey of the banks shall be extended 500 meters upstream and downstream from the
bridge for design purpose. A typical bridge survey sketch is shown below. The sketch shall
contain all physical features like high or low lands, vegetation, trees, temporary or
permanent structures etc. on either side of approach road
 Natural surface readings shall be recorded about 50 m beyond the Top of River Banks or
HFL whichever is higher
 High Flood Level (HFL) with date and Lowest Water Level (LWL) shall be recorded from the
marking on any structure nearby or from the local enquiry.
 Structure number of the bridge shall be noted down on the field sheet including direction of
flow
 To define channel, cross section shall be taken at proposed bridge location, 250m and
500m up as well as down streamside also at change in direction of the stream in between, if
required as in the sketch shown above

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 A cross-section (1-1) is to be taken on proposed bridge widening side

 Cross sections 2-2, 3-3 and 4-4 are taken at every point where there is a change in direction
of stream or banks, otherwise taken at 250 m interval (sections 5-5, 6-6) if no change in
direction is noticed. These cross sections are to be taken maximum up to 500 m on both
sides
In addition to above:
 For minor waterway less than 30 m length or for undefined waterway, only one such cross-
section will be taken each, over upstream and downstream side
E. TEMPORARY (TEMP) STATIONS (CODE PSTN)
Placing Stations
 Temporary Stations shall be placed in between two Traverse Stations wherever from one
traverse station adjacent traverse station is not directly visible.
 Before reading on the Temporary Station angle to the reference object shall be checked.
This angle shall be corrected before placing any new stations.
 A final check reading shall be taken to the Back Sight station after reading to the
Temporary Station
Using temporary Station

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 If only a few additional readings are to be taken from the Temporary Station, the previous
booking sheet shall be used; otherwise a new sheet shall be used.
Readings shall be taken to fill additional details.
F. SURVEY MUST CLOSE ONTO A KNOWN STATION ON THE MAIN TRAVERSE
Survey shall be closed on to a known station on the main traverse everyday so that error, if any
shall be verified and rectified on the same day. Next days survey shall proceed only after the
readings of the actual x, y and z of the Bench Mark/ Traverse Station and recorded x, y and z
values are checked and verified by the Senior Survey Engineer. If variation is beyond the
permissible limits the survey of that day shall be repeated.
G. SAFETY
It shall be ensured that the field staffs are made aware of their safety while carrying out field
surveys along and across the highway. As and when required, the survey staff shall be supplied
with the following items for use:
 Orange vest with yellow reflective tape ‘X’ on the back;
 Hard Hats;
 Safety working goods i.e. red flags etc. to warn, slow down and divert the traffic;
 Movable warning signs (survey in progress) with orange flag placed at both ends of
survey activity zone;
 Traffic cones with orange and black horizontal stripes; and
 First Aid Box.
Table 5-1: Survey Booking Sheet
Detailed Survey Booking Sheet
File Name Stn. No. HI: Date / / Index Page
Flangle * Dist Check Observer
Bearing
F/S Stn. Page: of:
FL Angle * Dist
Point* Error Correction Point Error Correction

Sketch N String#

CC Road Centre BR Edge of Bridge BG Edge of PSTN Traverse

Building Station
CR Right Edge of

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Detailed Survey Booking Sheet

Road
CL Left Edge of Road CU Top Culvert WA Edge of Wall PISN Temp STN
(Nail)
SL Left Edge CW Edge of TH Temp House PCHK Check
(Shoulder) Causeway / Hut Reading
SR Right Edge CA Canal FL Fence Line BBMK Bench mark
(Shoulder)
SS Sealed Shoulder TD Top of Drain PL Platform PBBMBridge
Survey BM
BD Bottom of Drain PRBM R&B R.O.W.
Mark
BB Bottom of Bank IC Invert of Box PRS Religious PIRM Indian
Culvert Structure (TMC) Railway ROW
TB Top of Bank IP Invert of Pipe GR Grave PGRY P*** Kilometre Post
PD Pond / Edge PABT Abutment PH** Hectometre
Water Post
NS Natural Surface RW Retaining Wall PBWL We Bore PSPT Sign Post
Well
RO Outline of Rock Pier WC Conc. Well Vertical Collimation
Check
FL *
FR *
FL/FR *
PTR Tree Above 03 PSFL Soffit Level WI Irrigation Well 3600
Dia
PDKL Deck Level WT Water Tank
PELP Electricity Pole PWYL Water Level
PTC Transformer PHFL High Flood RL Railway Line
Level
PTEP Telephone Pole WP Water Pipe
PHTP High Tension PMHL Man Hole
Pole
OFC Optical Fibre
Cable (U/G)
Table 5-2: Tentative Survey Code List
Code Description Layer Symbol Colour Line Type Point / Line
DB BOTTOM OF THE DRAIN Drain Bottom NONE 9 1 L
DT TOP OF THE DRAIN Drain Top NONE 9 1 L

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Code Description Layer Symbol Colour Line Type Point / Line

BG BUILDING Building NONE 15 0 L
BR BRIDGE Bridge NONE 11 0 L
CA CANAL Canal NONE 9 0 L
CC CENTRE OF CARRIAGEWAY Ex Centre Line NONE 13 21 L
CL CARRIAGEWAY (LEFT EDGE) Ex Carr_Left NONE 12 0 L
CR CARRIAGEWAY (RIGHT EDGE) Ex Carr Right NONE 12 0 L
CU CULVERT Culvert NONE 11 0 L
CW CAUSEWAY Causeway NONE 9 1 L
D DITCH Ditch NONE 6 1 L
BE EMBANKMENT BOTTOM Embankment Bottom NONE 6 21 L
ET EMBANKMENT TOP Embankment Top NONE 6 3 L
FL FENCE LINE Fence Line NONE 15 10 L
PH HECTOMETRE POST Hectometre Stone HP 12 0 P
IC INVERT LEVEL OF BOX CUL Invert lvl_Box NONE 9 1 L
IP INVERT LEVEL OF PIPE Invert lvl_Pipe NONE 9 1 L
OFC OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE OFC NONE 9 1 L
PH KILOMETER POST Kilometre Stone KP 12 0 P
PABT ABUTMENT Abutment NONE 15 1 P
PBBM BIRDGE SURVEY BM BBM BTM 14 1 P
PBMK BENCHMARK BM BM 14 0 P
PBWL BORE WELL Bore Well WB 3 0 P
PCHK CHECK READING TO STN Chainage NONE 15 0 P
PDKL DECK LEVEL Deck Lvl NONE 15 1 P
PELP ELECTRICITY POWER POLE EP EP 15 0 P
PGRD GRAVEYARD Grave Yard GR 15 1 P
PHFL HIGH FLOOD LEVEL HFL NONE 1 1 P
PHTP HIGH TENSION POLES High Tension Pole NONE 15 1 P
PIER PIER Pier NONE 15 1 P
PIRM INDIAN RAILWAY ROW MARK RoW_Railways IR 15 0 P
PL PLATFORM Platform NONE 15 0 L
PMHL MAN HOLE MH SCIR2 11 0 P
PNSL NATURAL SURFACE Natural Surface NONE 6 0 P
PRBM R & B RIGHT OF WAY MARK RB RB 15 0 P
PRS RELIVIOUS STRUCTURES RS NONE 15 0 P
PSPT SIGH POST Sign Post NONE 15 1 P
PSTL SOFFIT LEVEL SL NONE 15 1 P

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Code Description Layer Symbol Colour Line Type Point / Line

PSTN TRAVERSE STATION ST ST 14 0 P
PTEP TELEPHONE POLE TP TP 15 0 P
PTF TRANSFORMER TF TF 15 0 P
PTR ABOVE 03 DIA TR TREE 2 0 P
PTSN TEMP STN – NAIL TS TS 14 0 P
PWTL WATER LEVEL Water Level NONE 1 1 P
RL RAILWAY LINE Railway Line NONE 4 24 L
RO OUTLINE OF ROCKS Rock_Line NONE 6 0 L
RW RETAINING WALL Ret_Wall NONE 15 0 L
SHEL LEFT EDGE OF SHOULDER Earthen_Shou_Left NONE 15 23 L
SHER RIGHT EDGE OF SHOULDER Earthen_Shou_Right NONE 15 23 L
PS SEALED SHOULDER Paved Shoulder NONE 4 0 L
TH TEMPORARY HOUSE / HUT Kaccha Houses NONE 15 2 L
WA WALL WALL NONE 15 1 L
WC WELL CONCRETE LINED Well_1 NONE 3 0 L
WI WELL - IRRIGATION UNLINED WIell_2 NONE 3 0 L
WP POND Pond NONE 3 1 L
WP WATER PIPE Water Pipe NONE 9 L
WT WATER TANK Water Tank NONE 9 0 L
Table 5-3: Daily Traverse / Topo Checklist
Job No. Date
1 Download Data Collector 9 Edit Survey
2 Record Data Collector in Register 10 Contour Survey (if applicable)
(a) Fine name (a) Form Triangles
(b) Data (b) Delete Long Triangles
(c) Station members (c) Insert Break lines
(d) Check Contours along survey
3 Backup Unedited Data Collector File 11 Check for the following
(i) Kilo Meter Posts
(ii) Bench Marks
(iii) Cross Drainage Works

Structure Item
a) Culverts Inverts
b) Bridges Abutments
Piers
Deck Slab
4 Edit File 12 Additional Survey Required Yes/No

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a) Insert Back sight Codes

b) Insert Station Numbers
c) Type in Back sight Bearing
d) Correct any errors in file
e) Record Back sight and Foresight
readings on Traverse Booking
Sheet
5 Create Neutral File 13 Locality Sketch Plan for the BMs
attached
6 Backup Edited Neutral File 14 Backup Job into 2 floppies
7 Enter Traverse readings into
spreadsheet TRAVERSE and check
printout of readings
8 Reduce Neutral file
a) Add new job
b) Read in Traverse ASCII dump
c) Reduce Neutral File
d) List and Correct wrong codes and Signature: _______________
re-reduce if necessary
e) Check printout of Reduction file for Date: ___________________
- Station Numbers
- Check reading co-ordinates

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6 AXLE LOAD SURVEY

6.1 TOR Requirements
Axle load surveys shall be conducted at locations as approved by the Client, on random sample basis to
cover traffic in both the directions. The axle load survey shall be over a period of 24 hours. Trucks of
different types/ axle configuration shall be covered and also a few representative buses shall also be
weighed. It shall also be ascertained from local enquiries about the exceptional live loads that have used
the highway in the past in order to assess the suitability of the existing bridges to carry such loads.
6.2 Manpower and Responsibility
The surveys will be under the direct supervision of Traffic Expert. Traffic Engineer will assist him. Help of
local police will be taken to stop and divert the vehicles on to the weigh pads.
6.3 Equipment
The equipment to be used will be the Free Weight portable vehicle weighing System. The system
comprises 3 elements; a left weighs pad, a right weigh-pad and a remote indicator unit. Only pre-
calibrated equipment having relevant certificate from manufacturer shall be used.
6.4 Applicable Codes / Standards
The work shall be carried out in accordance with the provision contained in IRC: SP 16-2004.
6.5 Regulatory Requirements
The survey team will carry with them the following documents:
 Letter of authority from the Client to carry out the survey.
 A list of equipment including identification numbers and approximate cost.
 A letter of octroi exemption
Assistance of local police will be taken to stop vehicles and to divert these on to the weigh pads. A
temporary sign intimating the conduct and advising heavy vehicles to slow down will be posted at about
200 m in advance of the weigh station in both the directions. Other warning measures as recommended
in “MoRT&H” Pocketbook for Highway Engineers” will also be taken care.
6.6 Safety / Environmental Considerations
The axle load survey station shall be located at the same place as those for O-D survey where the road
is straight and fairly level and also where adequate shoulder space is available. The location shall be
sufficiently away from the narrow / weak bridges or congested / urban stretches. Preferably, the location
shall be in an illuminated place like check post etc. Otherwise, temporary lights shall be arranged for
conducting the survey during night.
6.7 Training
Traffic Expert (TE), to conduct the axle load survey. Traffic Expert shall be one having experience of
similar nature for at least 3 projects.
6.8 Data Verification
The weight data will be recorded by the TE on the suitable Proforma. At the end of the survey, the data
sheets will be signed on each page by the TE and countersigned by the supervisor as a measure of
authentication of the collected data.

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6.9 Documentation
All the data sheets shall be submitted to office for data processing and analysis.
6.10 Work Procedure
The work consists of several activities. The process control checks exercised on these include:


Selection of location for axle load survey stations

Correct positioning of weigh pads.

Making earth ramps for jerk-free mounting of vehicle tyres onto the pads.

Recording load data by manual recording.

Ensuring that the sample covers all types of commercial vehicles, viz. LCVs, medium 2/6 trucks,
heavy 3/10 trucks and semi-trailers of different configurations. A few representative buses will
also be weighed. The vehicles whether they are empty or full would be weighed. A sample size of
about 20% of each type of trucks shall be aimed at.
On completion of the survey, the road shall be restored to its original condition.
6.11 Proposed Locations for Axle Survey
It is proposed to conduct the axle load survey at the same locations as for the O-D survey as police help
is required for both types of surveys. The specific locations for these surveys shall be finalized in
consultation with the Client only after detailed reconnaissance survey is completed.
6.12 Proforma for Recording Data
Proforma for recording axle-load survey data is given in Annexure 6.1.

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7 BENKELMAN BEAM DEFLECTION SURVEY

7.1 Manpower and Responsibility
The structural strength surveys shall be carried out under the direct supervision and direction of the
pavement specialist and Materials cum Geotechnical Engineer. One Assistant Engineer will assist them.
The Team Leader cum Senior Highway Engineer will provide logistic, equipment and other support to
them to carry out this task in totality and satisfactorily.
The Team will consist of the following persons:

Assistant Engineer - In charge of the BBD Survey Group and for taking temperature
Deflection readings
Four Labourers - To mark the test point ahead and lift the beam
Two Flagman - For control of Traffic
Truck Driver - Hired for load application and driving of test truck
Car / Jeep - For movement of the Pavement Specialist, Material Engineer, and any
other personnel willing to see the test in progress.
7.2 Equipment
The equipment shall be used as follows:
 Standard Benkelman Beam with Dial Gauge
 Standard Loaded Truck with dual rear wheels
 Banners and red cones for traffic safety and temporary diversion.
 Glycerol and thermometer
 Hand tools for making holes in the bituminous pavement for temperature measurement.
 Paint for marking on the road.
At the start of work on each day, the calibration of the deflection beam will be verified using feeler
gauges of known thickness.
The truck will be loaded with bricks uniformly spread over rear axle and then weighed at a local
stationery weigh bridge and the load adjusted such a way that the average weight of the rear axle
amounts to 8170 kg.
7.3 Applicable Standards / Codes
IRC: 81 – 1997
7.4 Regulatory Requirements
The Survey team will carry with them the following documents:
 Letter of Authority from client and or project proponent to carry out the survey
 A list of equipment
 A letter of octroi exemption
7.5 Safety / Environmental Considerations
Six safety cones (red and white striped), three on each side will be put out when the deflection
measurements are being taken. Besides, banners stating “Road Testing in Progress- Keep Distance” will
be posted on the front and rear of the test truck. Further, flagmen with red flags will be positioned on
either side for warning public vehicles for keeping away from the test truck.

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7.6 Training
The assistant Engineers with similar type of experience of conduction Benkelman Beam Deflection
Surveys on at least three projects shall be deputed and the pavement specialist shall give a brief training
to them.
7.7 Data Verification
Data Collected would include:
 Dial gauge reading from the deflection beam.
 Pavement temperature measured at a small hole made in the pavement and filled with glycerol.
The Assistant Engineer will record all the data and duly sign the same. While testing a homogenous
control segment, any deflection reading varying by more than 20% will be considered doubtful, and the
test will be repeated.
7.8 Documentation
All the data sheets will be countersigned by the Material and Pavement Engineerand sent to office for
data analysis. Sample proforma attached as Annexure 7.1.
7.9 Quality Plan
During each hour of testing, a small hole will be made in the un-cracked area of the pavement filled with
glycerol, and the temperature measured and recorded. The Benkelman Beam Deflection readings will be
taken along the outer wheel path as defined in IRC: 81. Alternate test points will be staggered left and
right.
Tyre pressure will be checked and adjusted to 5.6 Kg/cm 2 before start of the tests each day.
PP PP

In the initial period the Pavement Specialist will be present with the group conducting BBD Survey and
afterwards he will be having periodic checks particularly with regard to the following aspects:
 Correct positioning of the deflection beam.
 Free operation of the dial gauge spindle
 Correct measurement of pavement temperature
Consistency of deflection values for homogenous segments.

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8 SOIL AND MATERIALS INVESTIGATIONS

8.1 Requirements
The activities will include:
 Identification of quarry sites and borrow areas / source for procuring the various natural materials
including fly ash / slag for use in the project.
 Sampling the materials from the sources and subjecting these to relevant laboratory tests.
 Estimating quantities of materials available for extraction at the various sources
 Evaluation of test results for suitability for incorporation in the various works and making
recommendations on the use of the materials from different sources based on techno-economic
considerations.
 Preparation of quarry and material location charts and Soil/Materials Report for inclusion in the
Bid Documents.
 Preparation of mass haul diagram indicating location of selected borrow areas / sources.
 Make suitable recommendations regarding making good the borrow areas and quarry areas after
exploitation.
8.2 Manpower and Responsibility
The Senior Material Engineer shall visit all the potential quarries; borrow areas and other material
sources. Based on his visual inspection, he shall select the sites from where samples will be collected for
laboratory testing. An Assistant Material Engineer and a few labourers will assist him.
The Senior Material Engineer assisted by Material Engineer and laboratory technicians shall be
responsible for all the laboratory tests.
8.3 Equipment
The equipment shall include hand tools like crowbars, Spades, wedges etc. for collecting representative
samples. The samples will be packed in suitable bags, labelled and sent to laboratory for various tests on
aggregates, soils etc.
8.4 Applicable Codes / Standards
Sampling and testing of borrow areas soils; granular materials for sub-base, stone aggregates etc. shall
be as per relevant BIS-standards.
8.5 Regulatory Requirements
The samples shall be collected after obtaining necessary authorization from the Client or the owner of
the land / quarry.
8.6 Safety / Environmental Considerations
As the work involves only collection of samples from off-road locations, the safety / environmental
aspects shall not be significant. However, any holes made for sampling shall be levelled and made good
prior to leaving the site.
8.7 Training
At the site, experienced personnel shall carry out sampling and for that no formal training is envisaged
but Senior Material Engineer shall strictly undertake the entire laboratory testing under his direct
supervision.

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8.8 Data Verification

The Senior Material Engineer shall verify that samples have been collected in sufficient quantities from
all the potential sources and Pavement Expert shall check all the test results received from the laboratory
for compatibility and make an evaluation for suitability / adoption.
8.9 Documentation
All the samples shall be suitably labelled in a systematic manner for easy identification. Besides a list
shall also be prepared for checking at various stages.
All the Proforma for recording test results will be suitably numbered for identification and retrieval.
8.10 Work Procedure
(a) Collection of Secondary Data
To start with, secondary data regarding Location maps of operating quarries and material
sources shall be collected from appropriate sources.
Discussions if necessary shall also be held with crusher operators and materials suppliers
etc. to ascertain the sources used by them, preliminary information regarding quality and
quantities available etc.
(b) Sample Collection
Each quarry / material source shall be visited by the Material Engineerand the available
materials shall be examined in detail. The location of the source, the approachability,
ownership, volumes of material available for extraction, visual assessment about suitability,
and other relevant information shall be recorded.
Samples (30 - 40 kg) shall be collected from each source adopting standard sampling
procedures. These shall be packed in suitable bags, labelled and sent to laboratory for the
testing.
(c) Laboratory Testing of Borrow Soils and Granular Materials
The samples of materials for use in the project shall be subjected to the following tests:
 Determination of water content - IS: 2720 (Part 2)
 Grain size analysis - IS: 2720 (Part 4)
 Liquid and Plastic Limits - IS: 2720 (part 5)
 Compaction Test (Modified Proctor) - IS: 2720 (part 8)
 Un-soaked and 4-days soaked CBR - IS: 2720 (Part 16)
(d) Laboratory Testing of Quarry Sample
 Grading - IS: 2386 (Part 1)
 Flakiness Index - IS: 2386 (part 4)
 Aggregate Impact Value - IS: 2386 (part 4)
 Specific Gravity and Water Absorption - IS: 2386 (part 3)
 Soundness - IS: 2386 (part 5)
(e) Laboratory Testing of Natural Sand
 Gradation and Fineness modulus - IS 383
 Deleterious constituents - IS 383

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(f) Water for Construction Purposes

 PH value - IS 3025 (part 2)
 Chemical Contents - IS 3025
(g) Review and Verification of Test Results
Material Engineer and Pavement Expert shall review all the laboratory test results for consistency and
compatibility. For any inconsistencies or where the results are in doubt, the tests will be repeated.
8.11 Proforma for Recording Test Results
The Proforma for recording results of various tests will be as per the relevant IS standard. A copy of the
Proforma to be used for recording details of quarries / material sources is attached as annexure 8.1 to
8.6.

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9 GEOTECHNICAL AND SUB-SOIL INVESTIGATIONS

9.1 TOR Requirements
The Geo-technical investigations and sub-surface explorations shall be carried out for the proposed
Bridges / Road over Bridges / tunnels / viaducts / interchanges etc., along high embankments and any
other locations as necessary for proper design of the works and all the relevant laboratory and field tests
on soil and rock samples shall also be conducted.
The sub-soil investigations shall start only after getting approval of detailed scheme, for the sub-soil
investigations, from the Client. Besides, the investigations shall also be carried out along high
embankment (height > 6m).
9.2 Manpower and Responsibility
The sub-soil exploration and testing jobs are to be carried out through a sub-soil consultant empanelled
with the MoRT&H. The PIDC Quality System has prescribed procedure for evaluation and procurement
of services of sub-consultants in accordance with the following procedure:
 Short-listing of Sub-Consultants.
 Issuance of Work order / letter of Appointment to Sub-Consultants.
 Verification data / report / results supplied by Sub-Consultants.
 Documentation.
 The Geo-technical Engineer shall be fully responsible for all the activities related to sub-soil
investigations and geo-technical investigations.
9.3 Equipment
The boring, sampling and testing equipment shall be in accordance with the requirements of the relevant
IS Standards.
9.4 Calibration of Instruments
Geotechnical Engineer will ensure that all the field instruments are pre-calibrated as per standard
procedures. The measurement and analysis are to be carried out as per the standard operating
procedures. Any deviations from the set procedures are to be recorded in the logbooks.
9.5 Applicable Standards / Codes
 IRC: 78 - 2000
 IS: 1982 for boring
 IS: 2131 for SPT tests
 IS: 2132 for disturbed / undisturbed sampling

The relevant IS standards for other laboratory tests.

9.6 Regulatory Requirements
The work will start on approval of geotechnical scheme by the Client. The boring team shall carry with
them a list of equipment including identification numbers and approximate cost and a letter for octroi
exemption.

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9.7 Safety / Environmental Considerations

The boring area including the space where the boring equipment is positioned shall be suitably
barricaded with fixed barriers. Suitable banners notifying the working shall be displayed on either side.
9.8 Data Verification
The Geo-technical Engineer shall pay periodic visits to the boring sites. An Assistant Bridge Engineer
experienced in geo-technical investigations shall be positioned at site for entire duration of the boring
work to have constant check on the work.
The Geo-technical Engineer will examine the results of the sub-surface investigation, for consistency and
compatibility before acceptance.
9.9 Documentation
All the data / documents received from the sub-consultants shall be suitably numbered for usage,
storage and retrieval in future.
9.10 Laboratory Analysis
Calibration
The Geotechnical Engineer will ensure that all the laboratory instruments are pre-calibrated as
per laboratory’s Quality Procedures. The calibration logs are to be properly maintained and be
made available for inspection by the client.
Operating Procedures
Before accepting the samples for analysis, the concerned analyst will check for the integrity of the
sample. The measurement and analysis are to be carried out as per the standard operating
procedures. Any deviations from the set procedures are to be recorded in the logbooks.
Data Checks
The concerned laboratory in-charge will check and validate the raw data generated by the
laboratory assistants. To include the analysis of a sample, he is to do the quality check of
minimum one sample of each test result.
9.11 Proforma for Recording Test Records
The proforma for recording the results of the geotechnical investigations will be as per the relevant IS
standard. A copy of the proforma is attached as ‘’
9.1 to 9.3.

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10 PREPARATION, CHECKING, APPROVAL AND FILING OF CALCULATIONS

10.1 Purpose
The purpose of this document is to provide guidance to all concerned in verification and amendment to
design calculations.
10.2 Abbreviations
TL : Team Leader
DE : Discipline Expert
DRC : Discipline Reviewer / Checker
SP : Specialist
10.3 Procedure
10.3.1 General

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The cover sheet of design calculation files shall have all the information relating to the project and
the subject of design calculations.
Each set of design calculations shall have a REVISION DETAILS sheet, which shall be used for
control of revisions. A copy of the related Form is enclosed.In case calculations are prepared in
pencil, photocopy of the same shall be maintained in the calculation / computation file for
presentation whenever required with the verifying authority's signatures in ink of any colour other
than black on all Design Calculation sheets.
10.4 Preparation of Design Calculations
All design calculations (except for results of computer outputs shall be prepared by the Specialist(s) of
the respective discipline(s) on Calculations sheetbased on the input requirements of the project. The
design calculation file(s) shall be numbered and these shall comply with the compilation requirements
given in DESIGN VERIFICATION AND REVIEW REPORT Form.
10.5 Review, Verification and Approval of Design Calculations
The DE shall get the design calculations verified through a DRC. The DRC shall note all the findings of
verification done on DESIGN VERIFICATION REPORT.The non-conforming design calculations along
with the DESIGN VERIFICATION REPORT shall be sent back by the DRC to the originator SP for taking
appropriate action(s).
The designated DRC shall mark all corrections in the design calculations after cutting the incorrect
computations so as to establish that the same have undergone checking. The record of such calculations
with the corrections shall be maintained. The originating SP shall make the necessary corrections and
take appropriate actions so as to close all non-conformities by producing the acceptable design
calculations. These corrected calculations shall then be sent again to DRC for review / approval.
The DRC shall re-inspect the corrected calculations and verify the conformances with his / her previous
comments in the manner explained in the forgoing paragraphs.
The verified design calculations shall be reviewed by the DE reconsidering the various aspects
mentioned under checking / verification requirements in REVIEW REPORT.
The conforming calculations shall be marked as APPROVED on the report by the DE. The DE in the
appropriate space shall initial the cover sheets of conforming calculations. Copies or approved
calculations and the compliance report shall be passed onto the TL for maintenance of project records. If
it is required to be submitted to the Client, a concise design calculation shall be written out from the
detailed design calculations, verified and approved by the appropriate functionaries prior to the
submission to the Client.
Any request for acceptance of deviations due to imposition of impracticable requirements by the Client
which cannot be complied with, shall be referred to the TL.
TL shall then coordinate with the Client and obtain necessary concessions. On acceptance of the
deviation by the Client, the TL shall maintain a record of the same.
10.6 Final Inspection
On receiving the calculations from DE, the TL shall carry out the final inspection and release the
calculations as per laid down procedure. The TL shall retain the record of compliance report of the

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drawing laid down as quality records.

10.7 Client Approval
In case design calculations are also required to be approved / reviewed by the Client, the cover sheet of
the file shall be clearly marked as FOR APPROVAL OF (CLIENT'S NAME) by the DE. On getting clients
approval, the Status of the same shall be identified as APPROVED BY CLIENT on the cover sheet.
10.8 Amendments / Changes

10.8.1 Revision Status

The first formal issue of calculation shall be marked as R0 and subsequent revisions, if any, shall
be marked R1, R2 etc. by the DE. The details of amendments shall be given in the Revision
Details.
10.9 Updating of Master List(s) Status
On each amendment in the design calculations, the DE shall update the revision status of calculations in
the Master List(s) and send the copy of the same to the TL for information.
Table 10-1: Design Verification Report
Project:
Document Identification No.
Rev:
To be filled
To be filled by DRC
by SP
Check List
Yes / No. / Verified (please Comments
NA tick) (if any)
 General Legibility
Compilation Details as Applicable
 Completeness of cover sheet
 List of contents
 Approved format used
 Document number and revision no.
Input
 Inputs listed and referenced
 Assumptions (if any) documented adequacy
 Inputs and assumptions are reviewed for
adequacy and selection
 Codes listed with title, number and year of
publication
 Critical elements identified for alternative
calculations as appropriate
Output
 Correctness of calculations
 Conformance to Design basis / criteria /
philosophy

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To be filled
To be filled by DRC
by SP
Check List
Yes / No. / Verified (please Comments
NA tick) (if any)
 Field test input data used
 Validated computer programme used
Table 10-2: Review Report
Project:
Document Identification No.
Rev:
Check List To be filled
To be filled by DE
by DRC
Yes / No. / Corrections Verified Comments (if
NA (please tick) any)
 Correction / changes indicated by
verifier incorporated
 Design conforms to layout / General
arrangement
 Design method appropriate to
requirement
 Variation in alternative design
results acceptable
 Interface information incorporated
 Design review meeting decisions
incorporated
 Signature of SP / DRC on cover
Generated by: Reviewed by: Approved by:
(DRC) (DE) (TL)
Signature: Signature: Signature:
Name: Name: Name:
Date: Date: Date:

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Table 10-3: Revision Details

Project:
Job No.
Document Title:
REV DATE SECTION PAGE REVISION DESCRIPTION REMARKS

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11 DESIGN, DRAWING AND DOCUMENTATION

11.1 General
PIDC has laid down consistent and time-tested procedures for control of designs, drawings and
documents and other activities as per International Standards. The objective is to ensure that the related
activities are planned and controlled, the output in the form of designs, drawings and documents are
verified and the final products satisfy the specified project requirements.
The quality assurance system involves several step-by-step procedures, and these are brought out in the
following paragraphs.
11.2 Planning and Design Development
For guiding activities on a project, a detailed work plan is prepared. This defines the responsibility for
implementation of the various activities, the time and duration for performing the activities. The codes /
Standards to be followed, the review / verification system, the input resource required the output to
satisfy project requirements etc. The work teams from the various disciplines assigned to the project
prepare their own work plans for their activities consistent with overall development plan.

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Table 11-1:
Position (name) Accountable to Liase with
ID
0B0B

Team Leader TL The Client Clients, Heads of

various disciplines,
project functionaries,
suppliers and external
technical services.

Project Manager PM Team Leader Clients, Heads of

various disciplines,
project functionaries,
suppliers and external
technical services

Highway Engineer HE TL Specialists of project

and suppliers of
external technical
services

Pavement Specialist PS TL
Traffic Expert TE TL, PS
Sr Bridge Engineer SBE TL, HE
Material-cum-Geo- MGE TL, HE, SBE Suppliers of external
technical Engineer technical services
Senior Survey Engineer SSE HE Suppliers of external
technical services

Hydrologist HYD SBE, MGE

Environmental ES TL
Specialist
Senior Quantity QS TL, HE, SBE
Surveyor
Resettlement & RR TL
Rehabilitation Specialist
Financial analyst FS TL

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Table 11-2:
Position (name) Accountable Liase with
ID
1B1B

to
Team Leader TL The Client Clients, Heads of various disciplines,
project functionaries, suppliers and
external technical services.

Project Manager PM Team Leader Clients, Heads of various disciplines,

project functionaries, suppliers and
external technical services

Highway Engineer HE TL Specialists of project and suppliers of

external technical services

Pavement Specialist PS TL
Traffic Expert TE TL, PS
Sr Bridge Engineer SBE TL, HE
Material-cum-Geo- MGE TL, HE, SBE Suppliers of external technical
technical Engineer services
Senior Survey Engineer SSE HE Suppliers of external technical
services

Hydrologist HYD SBE, MGE

Environmental Specialist ES TL

Senior Quantity Surveyor QS TL, HE, SBE

Resettlement & RR TL
Rehabilitation Specialist
Financial analyst FS TL

Planning & Infrastructural Development

In Association 39
Consultants Pvt. Ltd. LKT Engineering Consultants Ltd.