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Lecture 5 Binary Codes

The document discusses different types of binary codes used to represent numeric and alphanumeric data for digital transmission and storage. It covers weighted codes like BCD (8421) code and non-weighted codes like excess-3 code. It also discusses alphanumeric codes like ASCII and EBCDIC used to represent characters. Error detection codes like parity are discussed which are used to detect errors during transmission. Examples are provided to demonstrate how decimal, binary and BCD numbers are converted between the number systems.

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renumathav
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126 views

Lecture 5 Binary Codes

The document discusses different types of binary codes used to represent numeric and alphanumeric data for digital transmission and storage. It covers weighted codes like BCD (8421) code and non-weighted codes like excess-3 code. It also discusses alphanumeric codes like ASCII and EBCDIC used to represent characters. Error detection codes like parity are discussed which are used to detect errors during transmission. Examples are provided to demonstrate how decimal, binary and BCD numbers are converted between the number systems.

Uploaded by

renumathav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Objectives:

1. Binary codes types.


2. BCD code (8421 code).
3. Alphanumeric codes.
4. Excess-3 and Gray code.
5. Parity method for error detection.

1. Binary codes types:

 Weighted codes
o BCD (8421)
o 6311
o 2421
o 642-3
o 84-2-1
 Non_ Weighted codes
o Excess-3
o Gray
 Alphanumeric codes.
o EBCDIC
o ASCII
 Error detection codes (Parity).
 Weighted codes and non-weighted codes are used to represent the decimal
numbers.
 Alphanumeric codes are used to represent the numeric and nonnumeric data
(characters).
 Error detection codes are used to detect the errors during the data
transmission.
 Weighted codes use 4 binary digits to represent (0-9) decimal numbers.
2. BCD code (8421 code)
 Simplest form: each decimal digit is replaced by its binary equivalent.

Example1: 937.25 is represented by

937.25

1001 0011 0111 0010 0101

(937.25)= (100100110111.00100101)BCD

 This representation is referred to as "Binary-Coded-Decimal": BCD or more


explicitly as 8-4-2-1(8421 code).
Note:
The result is quite different than that obtained by converting the
number as a whole into binary.
Example 2:

𝟖𝟓𝟒𝟏𝟎 = 100001010100(BCD)
 BCD is inefficient, e.g. to represent 999 and 999999 bits needed:
o 10 and 20 in binary numbers
o 12 and 24 for BCD code.

Decimal numbers 8421(BCD) 6311 642-3


0 0000 0000 0000
1 0001 0001 0101
2 0010 0011 0010
3 0011 0100 1001
4 0100 0101 0100
5 0101 0111 1011
6 0110 1000 0110
7 0111 1001 1101
8 1000 1011 1010
9 1001 1100 1111
Example 3: convert 0110100000111001(BCD) to its decimal
equivalent.

Solution:

Divide the BCD number into four-bit groups and convert each to decimal:

0110 1000 0011 1001

6 8 3 9

0110100000111001(BCD) = 683910

 BCD is used in interfacing between a digit device and a human being, e.g.
digital voltmeter (DVM).

Example 4: Convert the following decimal and binary numbers to


BCD.

a) 564810
b) 100011012

Solution:

a) 564810 =0101 0110 0100 1000


b) 100011012=14110=0001 0100 0001

Example 5: convert the BCD number 011111000001 to its


decimal equivalent.

0111 1100 0001BCD = error

Doesn’t exist in the BCD Code

3. Alphanumeric codes
 A complete alphanumeric code would include the 26 lowercase characters, 26
uppercase characters, 10 numeric digits, etc.
 There are many choices of codes sets to represent alphanumeric characters and
several control characters.
 Two well accepted code sets are used for information coding:
o EBCDIC code: extended binary coded decimal interchange code.
o ASCII Code: American standard code for information interchange: The
ASCII code is a seven-bit code, and so it has 27 =128 possible code groups.
Example: Write the ASCII code for the message: The email is

Answer:

1010100 1101000 1100101 1100101 1101101


1100001 1101001 1101100 1101001 1110011
Alphanumeric codes: ASCII and EBCDIC Codes

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