NCERT Solution For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number System

Exercise 1.1 Page: 5

𝒑
1. Is zero a rational number? Can you write it in the form 𝒒 where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0?
Solution:
𝑝
We know that, a number is said to be rational if it can be written in the form , where p and q are integers and
𝑞
q≠0.
Taking the case of ‘0’,
0 0 0 0 0 0
Zero can be written in the form 1, 2, 3… as well as, −1, −2, −3…

𝑝
Since it satisfies the necessary condition, we can conclude that 0 can be written in the 𝑞
form, where q can
either be positive or negative number.
Hence, 0 is a rational number.

2. Find six rational numbers between 3 and 4.

Solution:
There are infinite rational numbers between 3 and 4.
As we have to find 6 rational numbers between 3 and 4, we will multiply both the numbers, 3 and 4, with 6+1=7
(or any number greater than 6)
7 21
i.e., 3× =
7 7
7 28
and, 4× =
7 7
21 28
∴The numbers in between and will be rational and will fall between 3 and 4.
7 7
22 23 24 25 26 27
Hence, , , , , , are the 6 rational numbers between 3 and 4.
7 7 7 7 7 7

𝟑 𝟒
3. Find five rational numbers between and .
𝟓 𝟓
Solution:
4 3
There are infinite rational numbers between and .
5 5
3 4 3 4
To find out 5 rational numbers between and , we will multiply both the numbers, and , with 5+1=6 (or
5 5 5 5
any number greater than 5)
3 6 18
i.e., × =
5 6 30
4 6 24
and, × =
5 6 30
18 24 3 4
∴The numbers in between and will be rational and will fall between and .
30 30 5 5
19 20 21 22 23 3 4
Hence, , , , , are the 5 rational numbers between and .
30 30 30 30 30 5 5
 NCERT Solution For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number System

Exercise 1.1 Page: 5

4. State whether the following statements are true or false. Give reasons for your answers.

(i) Every natural number is a whole number.

Solution:
True
Natural numbers- Numbers starting from 1 to infinity (without fractions or decimals)
i.e., Natural numbers= 1,2,3,4…
Whole numbers- Numbers starting from 0 to infinity (without fractions or decimals)
i.e., Whole numbers= 0,1,2,3…
Or, we can say that whole numbers have all the elements of natural numbers and zero.
∴ Every natural number is a whole number, however, every whole number is not a natural number.

(ii) Every integer is a whole number.

Solution:
False
Integers- Integers are set of numbers that contain positive, negative and 0; excluding fractional and decimal
numbers.
i.e., integers= {…-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4…}
Whole numbers- Numbers starting from 0 to infinity (without fractions or decimals)
i.e., Whole numbers= 0,1,2,3….
Hence, we can say that integers includes whole numbers as well as negative numbers.
∴ Every whole number is an integer, however, every integer is not a whole number.

(iii) Every rational number is a whole number.

Solution:
False
𝑝
Rational numbers- All numbers in the form , where p and q are integers and q≠0.
𝑞
19 9 −12
i.e., Rational numbers= 0, ,2, , …
30 −3 7
Whole numbers- Numbers starting from 0 to infinity (without fractions or decimals)
i.e., Whole numbers= 0,1,2,3….
Hence, we can say that integers includes whole numbers as well as negative numbers.
∴ Every whole numbers are rational, however, every rational numbers are not whole numbers.
 NCERT Solution For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number System

Exercise 1.2 Page: 8

1. State whether the following statements are true or false. Justify your answers.
(i) Every irrational number is a real number.
Solution:
True
𝑝
Irrational Numbers- A number is said to be irrational, if it cannot be written in the𝑞 , where p and q are integers
and q ≠ 0.
19 9 −12
i.e., Irrational numbers= 0, , 2, , , √2. √5, 𝜋, 0.102…
30 −3 7
Real numbers- The collection of both rational and irrational numbers are known as real numbers.
i.e., Real numbers= √2. √5, 𝜋, 0.102…
∴ Every irrational number is a real number, however, every real numbers are not irrational numbers.

(ii) Every point on the number line is of the form√𝒎, where m is a natural number.
Solution:
False
The statement is false since as per the rule, a negative number cannot be expressed as square roots.
E.g., √9=3 is a natural number.
But √2=1.414 is not a natural number.
Similarly, we know that there are negative numbers on the number line but when we take the root of a negative
number it becomes a complex number and not a natural number.
E.g., √−7=7i, where i=√−1
∴ The statement that every point on the number line is of the form√𝑚, where m is a natural number is false.

(iii) Every real number is an irrational number.

Solution:
False
The statement is false, the real numbers include both irrational and rational numbers. Therefore, every real
number cannot be an irrational number.
Real numbers- The collection of both rational and irrational numbers are known as real numbers.
i.e., Real numbers= √2. √5, 𝜋, 0.102…
𝑝
Irrational Numbers- A number is said to be irrational, if it cannot be written in the𝑞 , where p and q are integers
and q ≠ 0.
19 9 −12
i.e., Irrational numbers= 0, , 2, , , √2. √5, 𝜋, 0.102…
30 −3 7
∴ Every irrational number is a real number, however, every real number is not irrational.

2. Are the square roots of all positive integers irrational? If not, give an example of the square root of a
number that is a rational number.
Solution:
No, the square roots of all positive integers are not irrational.
For example,
√4 = 2 is rational.
√9 = 3 is rational.
Hence, the square roots of positive integers 4 and 9 are not irrational. ( 2 and 3, respectively).
 NCERT Solution For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number System

Exercise 1.2 Page: 8

3. Show how 5 can be represented on the number line.
Solution:
Step 1: Let line AB be of 2 unit on a number line.
Step 2: At B, draw a perpendicular line BC of length 1 unit.
Step 3: Join CA
Step 4: Now, ABC is a right angled triangle. Applying Pythagoras theorem,
𝐴𝐵2 +𝐵𝐶 2 2=𝐶𝐴2
22 +12 =𝐶𝐴2 ⇒𝐶𝐴2 = 5
⇒ CA = √5 Thus, CA is a line of length √5 unit.
Step 4: Taking CA as a radius and A as a center draw an arc touching
the number line. The point at which number line get intersected by
arc is at √5 distance from 0 because it is a radius of the circle
whose center was A.
Thus, √5 is represented on the number line as shown in the figure.

4. Classroom activity (Constructing the ‘square root spiral’) : Take a large sheet of paper and construct the
‘square root spiral’ in the following fashion. Start with a point O and draw a line segment OP1 of unit
length. Draw a line segment P1P2 perpendicular to OP1 of unit length (see Fig. 1.9). Now draw a line
segment P2P3 perpendicular to OP2. Then draw a line segment P3P4 perpendicular to OP3. Continuing
in Fig. 1.9 :

Constructing this manner, you can get the line segment Pn–1Pn by square root spiral drawing a line
segment of unit length perpendicular to OPn–1. In this manner, you will have created the points P2,
P3,...., Pn,... ., and joined them to create a beautiful spiral depicting 2, 3, 4, ...
Solution:
 NCERT Solution For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number System

Exercise 1.2 Page: 8

Step 1: Mark a point O on the paper. Here, O will be the center of the square root spiral.
Step 2: From O, draw a straight line, OA, of 1cm horizontally.
Step 3: From A, draw a perpendicular line, AB, of 1 cm.
Step 4: Join OB. Here, OB will be of √2
Step 5: Now, from B, draw a perpendicular line of 1 cm and mark the end point C.
Step 6: Join OC. Here, OC will be of √3
Step 7: Repeat the steps to draw √4, √5, √6 …
 NCERT Solution For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number System

Exercise 1.3 Page: 14

1. Write the following in decimal form and say what kind of decimal expansion each has :
𝟑𝟔
(i)
𝟏𝟎𝟎

Solution:

00.36

100 360-
300
600-
600
0

= 0.36 (Terminating)

𝟏
(ii)
𝟏𝟏

Solution:

0.0909…
11 1
0
10
0
100
99
10
0
100
99
1

= 0.0909… = 0.09 (Non terminating and repeating)

𝟏
(iii) 𝟒
𝟖

Solution:
1 33
48 =
8
 NCERT Solution For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number System

Exercise 1.3 Page: 14

4.125
8 33
32
10
8
20
16
40
40
0
= 4.125 (Terminating)

𝟑
(iv)
𝟏𝟑
Solution:

0.230769
13 30
26
40
39
10
0
100
91
90
78
120
117
3

= 0.230769… = 0.230769 (Non terminating and repeating)

2
(v)
11
Solution:
0.18
11 2
0
20
11
90
88
2

= 0.181818181818… = 0.18 (Non terminating and repeating)

 NCERT Solution For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number System

Exercise 1.3 Page: 14

𝟑𝟐𝟗
(vi)
𝟒𝟎𝟎
Solution:
0.8225
400 329
0
3290
3200
900
800
1000
800
2000
2000
0
= 0.8225 (Terminating)

𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓 𝟔
2. You know that = 0.142857. Can you predict what the decimal expansions of , , , , are,
𝟕 𝟕 𝟕 𝟕 𝟕 𝟕
without actually doing the long division? If so, how?
𝟏
[Hint: Study the remainders while finding the value of carefully.]
𝟕
Solution:

1
= 0.142857
7
1
∴ 2× = 2×0.142857 = 0.285714
7
1
3× = 3×0.142857 = 0.428571
7
1
4× = 4×0.142857 = 0.571428
7
1
5×7 = 5×0.142857 = 0.714285
1
6×7 = 6×0.142857 = 0.857142

𝒑
3. Express the following in the form , where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0.
𝒒
(i) 0. 6
Solution:
0. 6 = 0.666…
Assume that x = 0.666…
Then,10x = 6.666…
10x = 6 + x
9x = 6
2
x=
3
 NCERT Solution For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number System

Exercise 1.3 Page: 14

(ii) 0.47
Solution:
0.47 = 0.4777…
4 0.777
= +
10 10
Assume that x = 0.777…
Then, 10x = 7.777…
10x = 7 + x
7
x=
9
4 0.777… 4 7 7 0.777… 7 7
+ 10
= + (∵ x = 9 and x = 0.777…⟹ 10
= 9×10 = 90
)
10 10 90
36 7 43
= + =
90 90 90

(iii) 0. 001
Solution:
0. 001= 0.001001…
Assume that x = 0.001001…
Then, 1000x = 1.001001…
1000x = 1 + x
999x = 1
1
x=
999
𝒑
4. Express 0.99999.... in the form 𝒒 . Are you surprised by your answer? With your teacher and
classmates discuss why the answer makes sense.
Solution:
Assume that x = 0.9999… Eq. (a)
Multiplying both sides by 10,
10x = 9.9999… Eq. (b)
Eq.(b) – Eq.(a), we get
10x = 9.9999… −
x = 0.9999…
9x = 9
x=1

The difference between 1 and 0.999999 is 0.000001 which is negligible.

Hence, we can conclude that, 0.999 is too much near 1, therefore, 1 as the answer can be justified.

5. What can the maximum number of digits be in the repeating block of digits in the decimal
𝟏
expansion of ? Perform the division to check your answer.
𝟏𝟕

Solution:
1
17
 NCERT Solution For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number System

Exercise 1.3 Page: 14

Dividing 1 by 17:

0.0588235294117647
17 1
0
10
0
100
85
150
136
140
136
40
34
60
51
90
85
50
34
160
153
70
68
20
17
30
17
130
119
110
102
80
68
120
119
1

1
17
= 0.0588235294117647
1
∴,There are 16 digits in the repeating block of the decimal expansion of 17
 NCERT Solution For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number System

Exercise 1.3 Page: 14

𝒑
6. Look at several examples of rational numbers in the form 𝒒 (q ≠ 0), where p and q are integers with
no common factors other than 1 and having terminating decimal representations (expansions). Can
you guess what property q must satisfy?
Solution:
We observe that when q is 2, 4, 5, 8, 10… Then the decimal expansion is terminating. For example:
1
2
= 0. 5, denominator q = 21
7
8
= 0. 875, denominator q = 23
4
5
= 0. 8, denominator q = 51
We can observe that the terminating decimal may be obtained in the situation where prime factorization
of the denominator of the given fractions has the power of only 2 or only 5 or both.

7. Write three numbers whose decimal expansions are non-terminating non-recurring.

Solution:
We know that all irrational numbers are non-terminating non-recurring. ∴, three numbers with decimal
expansions that are non-terminating non-recurring are:
a) √3 = 1.732050807568
b) √26 = 5.099019513592

c) √101 = 10.04987562112

𝟓 𝟗
8. Find three different irrational numbers between the rational numbers and .
𝟕 𝟏𝟏

Solution:

5
7
= 0. 714285
9
11
= 0.81

∴,Three different irrational numbers are:

a) 0.73073007300073000073…
b) 0.75075007300075000075…
c) 0.76076007600076000076…

9. Classify the following numbers as rational or irrational according to their type:

(i) √𝟐𝟑
Solution:
√23 = 4.79583152331…
Since the number is non-terminating non-recurring therefore, it is an irrational number.
 NCERT Solution For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number System

Exercise 1.3 Page: 14

(ii) √𝟐𝟐𝟓
Solution:

√225 = 15 = 15/1
𝑝
Since the number can be represented in form, it is a rational number.
q

(iii) 0.3796
Solution:
Since the number, 0.3796, is terminating, it is a rational number.

(iv) 7.478478
Solution:
The number, 7.478478, is non-terminating but recurring, it is a rational number.

(v) 1.101001000100001…
Solution:
Since the number, 1.101001000100001…, is non-terminating non-repeating (non-recurring), it is an irrational
number.
 NCERT Solution For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number System

Exercise 1.4 Page: 18

1. Visualise 3.765 on the number line, using successive magnification.
Solution:
 NCERT Solution For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number System

Exercise 1.4 Page: 18

2. Visualise 4.26 on the number line, up to 4 decimal places.
Solution:

4.26=4.26262626…..
4.26 up to 4 decimal places= 4.2626
 NCERT Solution For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number System

Exercise 1.5 Page: 24

1. Classify the following numbers as rational or irrational:
(i) 2 – √𝟓
Solution:
We know that, √5 = 2.2360679…
Here, 2.2360679…is non-terminating and non-recurring.
Now, substituting the value of √5 in 2 – √5, we get,
2 – √5 = 2 – 2.2360679… = – 0.2360679…
Since the number, – 0.2360679…, is non-terminating non-recurring, 2 – √5 is an irrational number.

(ii) (3 + √𝟐𝟑) – √𝟐𝟑

Solution:
(3 + √23) – √23= 3 + √23– √23
=3
3
=
1
3 𝑝
Since the number, , is in form, (3 + √23) – √23 is rational.
1 q

𝟐√𝟕
(iii)
𝟕√𝟕
Solution:
2√7 2 √7
= ×
7√7 7 √7
√7
We know that, =1
√7
Hence,
2 √7 2
× = ×1
7 √7 7
2
=
7

2 𝑝 2√7
Since the number, , is in form, is rational.
7 q 7√7
𝟏
(iv)
√𝟐
Solution:
Multiplying and dividing numerator and denominator by √2, we get,
1 √2 √2
× = [Since √2 × √2 = 2]
√2 √2 2
 NCERT Solution For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number System

Exercise 1.5 Page: 24

We know that, √2 = 1.4142…
√2 1.4142…
Then, = = 0.7071 …
2 2
1
Since the number, 0.7071 …, is non-terminating non-recurring, is an irrational number.
√2

(v) 2𝝅
Solution:
We know that, the value of 𝜋 = 3.1415 …
Hence, 2 𝜋 = 2 × 3.1415 …
= 6.2830…
Since the number, 6.2830…, is non-terminating non-recurring, 2𝜋 is an irrational number.

2. Simplify each of the following expressions:

(i) (3 + √𝟑) (2 + √𝟐)
Solution:
(3 + √3) (2 + √2)
Opening the brackets, we get,
(3 × 2) + (3 × √2) + (√3 × 2) + √3 × √2
=6 + 3√2+2√3+ √6

(ii) (3 + √𝟑) (3 – √𝟑)

Solution:
2
(3 + √3) (3 – √3) = 32 −(√3 ) = 9 – 3
=6

𝟐
(iii) (√𝟓 + √𝟐 )
Solution:
2 2 2
(√5 + √2 ) = √5 + (2 × √5 × √2) + √2
= 5 + 2 × √10 + 2
=7+2√10

(iv) (√𝟓 − √𝟐 ) (√𝟓 + √𝟐 )

Solution:
2 2
(√5 − √2 ) (√5 + √2 ) = √5 − √2 )

= 5 −2

=7
 NCERT Solution For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number System

Exercise 1.5 Page: 24

3. Recall, π is defined as the ratio of the circumference (say c) of a circle to its diameter, (say d). That
𝒄
is, π = ⋅ This seems to contradict the fact that π is irrational. How will you resolve this
𝒅
contradiction?
Solution:
There is no contradiction. When we measure a value with a scale, we only obtain an approximate value.
We never obtain an exact value. Therefore, we may not realize whether c or d is irrational. The value of π
22
is almost equal to 7 or 3.142857…

4. Represent (√𝟗. 𝟑) on the number line.

Solution:
Step 1: Draw a 9.3 units long line segment, AB. Extend AB to C such that BC=1 unit.
Step 2: Now, AC = 10.3 units. Let the centre of AC be O.
Step 3: Draw a semi-circle of radius OC with centre O.
Step 4: Draw a BD perpendicular to AC at point B intersecting the semicircle at D. Join OD.
Step 5: OBD, obtained, is a right angled triangle.
10.3 10.3
Here, OD 2 (radius of semi-circle), OC = 2 , BC = 1
OB = OC – BC
10.3 8.3
⟹ ( 2 )–1= 2
Using Pythagoras theorem,
We get,
OD2=BD2+OB2
10.3 8.3
⟹ ( 2 )2=BD2+( 2 )2
10.3 2 8.3
⟹ (BD)2=( ) − ( )2
2 2
10.3 8.3 10.3 8.3
⟹ (BD)2=( 2 − 2 )( 2 + 2 )
⟹ BD2 = 9.3
⟹ BD = √9.3
Thus, the length of BD is √9.3.
Step 6: Taking BD as radius and B as centre draw an arc which touches the line segment. The point where
it touches the line segment is at a distance of √9.3 from O as shown in the figure.
 NCERT Solution For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number System

Exercise 1.5 Page: 24

5. Rationalize the denominators of the following:
𝟏
(i)
√𝟕
Solution:
1
Multiply and divide by √7
√7
1× √7 √7
=
√7× √7 7

𝟏
(ii)
√𝟕−√𝟔
Solution:
1
Multiply and divide by √7 + √6
√7−√6
1 √7+√6 √7+√6
× =
√7−√6 √7+√6 (√7−√6)(√7+√6)

√7+√6
= 2 2 [denominator is obtained by the property, (a+b)(a-b)=𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 ]
√7 −√6

√7+√6
=
7−6

√7+√6
=
1

= √7 + √6
𝟏
(iii)
√𝟓+√𝟐
Solution:
1
Multiply and divide by √5 − √2
√5+√2
1 √5−√2 √5−√2
× =
√5+√2 √5−√2 (√5+√2)(√5−√2)

√5−√2
= 2 2 [denominator is obtained by the property, (a+b)(a-b)=𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 ]
√5 −√2

√5−√2
=
5−2

√5−√2
=
3
 NCERT Solution For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number System

Exercise 1.5 Page: 24

𝟏
(iv)
√𝟕−𝟐
Solution:
1
Multiply and divide by √7 + 2
√7−2
1 √ 7+2 √7+2
× =
√7−2 √7+2 (√7−2)(√7+2)

√7+2
= 2 [denominator is obtained by the property, (a+b)(a-b)=𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 ]
√7 −22

√7+2
=
7−4

√7+2
=
3
 NCERT Solution For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number System

Exercise 1.6 Page: 26

1. Find:
𝟏
(i) 𝟔𝟒 𝟐
Solution:
1 1
64 = (8 × 8)
2 2

= (82)½
1 2
= 81 [2 × = = 1]
2 2
=8

𝟏
(ii) 𝟑𝟐𝟓
Solution:
1 1
325 = (2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2)5
= (25)⅕
1 5
= 21 [5 × = = 1]
5 5
=2

𝟏
(iii) 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝟑
Solution:
1 1
1253= (5 × 5 × 5)3
= (53)⅓
1 3
= 51 [3 × = = 1]
3 3
=5

2. Find:
𝟑
(i) 𝟗𝟐
Solution:
3 3
92 = (3 × 3)2
= (32)½
3
= 33 [2 × = 3]
2
=27
 NCERT Solution For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number System

Exercise 1.6 Page: 26

𝟐
(ii) 𝟑𝟐 𝟓
Solution:
2 2
325 = (2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2)5
= (25)2⁄5
2
= 22 [5 × = 2]
5
=4
𝟑
(iii) 𝟏𝟔𝟒
Solution:
3 3
164 = (2 × 2 × 2 × 2)4
= (24)3⁄4
3
= 23 [4× = 3]
4
=8

−𝟏
(iv) 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝟑
Solution:
−1 −1
125 3 = (5 × 5 × 5) 3
= (53)-1⁄3
−1
= 5-1 [3× = −1]
3
1
=
5

3. Simplify:
𝟐 𝟏
(i) 𝟐𝟑 . 𝟐𝟓
Solution:
2 1 2 1
23 . 25 = 2(3+5) [ Since, am.an=am+n____ Laws of exponents]
13
2 1 2×5+3×1 13
=2 15 [ + = = ]
3 5 3×5 15

𝟏 𝟕
(ii) ( 𝟑)
𝟑
Solution:
 NCERT Solution For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1- Number System

Exercise 1.6 Page: 26

1 7
( 3 ) = (3−3 )7 [Since, (am)n= amxn____ Laws of exponents]
3
= 3-27
𝟏
𝟏𝟏𝟐
(iii) 𝟏
𝟏𝟏𝟒
Solution:
1
1 1
112 −
1 = 112 4
114
1
1 1 1×4−2×1 4−2 2 1
= 114 [ − =
2 4 2×4
=
8
= = ]
8 4

𝟏 𝟏
(iv) 𝟕𝟐 . 𝟖𝟐
Solution:
1 1 1
72 . 82 = (7 × 8)2 [Since, (am.bm= (𝑎 × 𝑏)𝑚 ____ Laws of exponents
1
= 562