International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)

ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-1, Issue-4, September 2012

Stress Analysis of Plate With Oblique Hole

B.C.Patle, D.V. Bhope


Abstract-In this study, the wok is carried out to analyzed, the
stresses of plate with oblique hole with the Finite Element
Analysis. Stress analysis of a series of flat plates with oblique
holes subjected to axial tension has been carried out using the
finite element method (FEM). Different plate hole diameter-width
ratios, angles of hole obliquity have been considered to provide
stress concentration factors at such holes. The work covers plate
254mm
hole diameter- width (d/w) ratios from 0.1 to 0.9, hole obliquity
mm
angles from 00 to 800 and inclination of hole axis in widthwise,
lengthwise and diagonal wise direction, 30 0 direction and 600
direction.
Keywords-Finite Element Method, Oblique Hole, Stress
Analysis.

I. INTRODUCTION
97mm
Localized stress around geometric discontinuities such as
holes, shoulders, and grooves cannot be predicted accurately Angles of obliquity
using elementary stress formulas. The concentration of stress investigated for ø=300, ø
resulting from these abrupt transitions is frequently too high 500 650 and 75.50
to be attributed solely to the decrease in net cross sectional 5mm
area. Stress concentration factors, often determined
experimentally or computationally, are used to scale the
nominal stress in a continuous structure to account for the 9.5mm
effect of the discontinuity. Stress analysis of thick flat plate
Figure 1: Model Detail
with oblique hole subjected to axial tension has been carried
out using the finite element method (FEM).
III. METHODOLOGY
An oblique may be defined as one having its axis at an angle
with respect to the normal to a surface. At the intersection To find out the stresses in a plate, a plate under tensile load
with a plane surface an oblique cylindrical hole gives rise to are considered. Finite element method is used with 3D
an elliptical trace and produces an acute angled edge which, element. The plate is assumed with constrained at one end. It
for large angles of obliquity with respect to the normal, may is expected that the stress concentration effect will be vary
be very sharp. Such holes are, for example, commonly found with respective obliquity of the hole and effort will be made to
at interpenetrations in pressure vessels and as lacing-wire correlate the experimental existing result with FE result.
passages in steam turbine blades.
IV. FE ANALYSIS OF PLATE WITH OBLIQUE HOLE
II. TECHNICAL DETAILS. The values of Maximum Von-Misses stresses for different
The photoelastic analysis by H. W. McKENZIE and D. J. angles of obliquity are given in table 1 and maximum Von-
WHITE1, reports the experimental work for determination of misses stress contours are shown in figure 2 to figure 6.
stress concentration factor in an oblique hole in flat plate with Table: 1 Von-Misses Stresses for Different Angles of
thickness of 5 mm, width of 97 mm and overall length of 254 Obliquity
mm as shown in Figure 1. The hole diameter(d) is 9.5 mm and Angle of Obliquity ( ø0) 00 300 500 650 75.50
four angles of obliquity with respect to normal are considered
as, ø=30o, 50o, 65o and 75.5o. Tension loading is applied in the Von-Misses Stress (MPa) 3.04 3.88 5.39 9.08 18.26
direction of the length of the specimen and the stresses are
frozen in the model. These same geometrical parameters of
plate are considered for present work. The experimental
results are verified using FE approach.

Manuscript received on September, 2012.

B.C.Patle, Pg Student of Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi
College of Engineering, Research and Technology, Chandrapur (M.S.) India
Dr.D.V. BHOPE, Professor, Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Rajiv Figure 2: Von-Misses Stress Contour for Angle of Obliquity
Gandhi College of Engineering, Research and Technology, Chandrapur ø = 00.
(M.S.) India

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 Stress Analysis of Plate With Oblique Hole
V. COMPARISION BETWEEN FE AND
EXPERIMENTAL SCF
The Von – Misses stresses for 3D plate with oblique hole
and 2D plate with elliptical hole are given in table 2.
Table 2: Von – Misses stresses for 3D and 2D plate
Von – Misses Stress (MPa)
Plate type
Angles of obliquity

00 300 50 650 75.50

FE stress for 3D 3.042 3.889 5.393 9.083 18.26
plate with
oblique hole
FE stress for 2D 2.576 3.345 4.2198 6.0471 10.753
Figure 2: Von-Misses Stress Contour for Angle of Obliquity plate with
ø=300. elliptical hole
Analytical stress 2.98 3.716 4.858 7.503 14.75
for 2D plate with
elliptical hole
Analytical 1.107 1.109 1.1273 1.304 1.643
nominal stress
based on net area
Stress concentration factor is calculated by equation (1),

Maximum Stress at Hole

SCF = ……… (1)
Nominal Stress Based on Net area
oss-section
Table 3 shows stress concentration factor for above
mentioned results. Nominal stress is based on the net area
given in table 2. The FE and experimental results for 2-D
Figure 4 Von-Misses Stress Contour for angle of obliquity Plate with elliptical hole and 3-D Plate with oblique hole are
ø = 500. compared in table 3, and its variation is shown in figure 7.
Table 3: Comparison between FE and Experimental SCF
Type of plate Stress Concentration Factor
Angles of obliquity

00 300 500 650 75.50

SCF for 3D plate with 2.72 3.44 4.57 6.96 11.11
oblique hole(FE)
SCF for 3Dplate with 2.8 3.2 4.3 5.5 7.3
oblique hole(Expt.)
SCF for 2D plate with 2.32 2.96 3.57 4.63 6.54
elliptical hole(FE)
SCF for 2D plate with 2.7 3.1 3.6 4.5 6.0
elliptical hole(Expt.)
SCF for 2D plate with 2.68 3.29 4.11 5.75 8.97
elliptical hole( Analytical)
Figure 5 Von-Misses Stress Contour for angle of obliquity
ø=650

Figure 6. Von-Misses Stress Contour for angle of obliquity

ø= 75.50 Figure 7: SCF vs. Angles of Obliquity

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 International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)
ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-1, Issue-4, September 2012

VI. EVALUATION OF STRESS CONCENTRATION The value of stress concentration factor plotted against the
FACTOR FOR DIFFERENT OBLIQUITY OF THE HOLE angles of obliquity of the hole, for different d/w ratios are
A. Evaluation of stress concentration factor for widthwise shown in figure 9 to figure 13
obliquity of hole
In the previous work, the FE and experimental results
obtained apply only to plates with a ratio of hole diameter ‘d’
to plate width ‘w’ of 0.1. It would be valuable to extend this
work by measuring stress-concentration factors for other d/w
ratios. So this work is extended by increasing the ratio of d/w
from 0.1 to 0.9 and angle of obliquity of the hole form ø = 10o
to 80o, further this work extended by taking the hole axis
inclined with surface of the plate, in widthwise direction,
lengthwise direction, diagonal wise direction, 30o direction
and 60o direction (These angles of 30o & 60o are with respect
to the longitudinal edge of the plate). The square plate having
the length of 300 mm, width of 300 mm, thickness of 5 mm
and diameter of 10 mm is shown in fig.8 The FE stresses, Figure 9: scf Vs Angles of Obliquity for d/w=0.1
Theoretical stresses and Stress Concentration Factor are
shown in table 4.

Figure 10: scf Vs Angles of Obliquity for d/w=0.3

Figure 8 Square Plate with Hole.

Table: 4: The FE stresses, Theoretical stresses and Stress
Concentration Factor

Figure 11: scf Vs Angles of Obliquity for d/w=0.5

Figure 12: scf Vs Angles of Obliquity for d/w=0.7

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 Stress Analysis of Plate With Oblique Hole
E. Evaluation of stress concentration factor for 600
direction obliquity of hole

Figure 13: scf Vs Angles of Obliquity for d/w=0.9

B. Evaluation of stress concentration factor for
lengthwise obliquity of hole

Figure 17: scf Vs Angles of Obliquity for different d/w

VI. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

Though the detailed results are presented in earlier
chapters, here the detailed discussions and conclusions are
presented as follows.
1. The experimental work of H. W. McKENZIE AND D. J.
WHITE is restricted to four angles of obliquity of the
hole. Furthermore, the experimental results obtained
Figure 14: scf Vs Angles of Obliquity for different d/w apply only to plates with a ratio of hole diameter d to
C. Evaluation of stress concentration factor for plate width w of 0.1. In the present work, a ratio of hole
diagonalwise obliquity of hole diameter d to plate width w increased from 0.1 to 0.9, and
obliquity of the hole is also increased from 10 0 to 800.
Further obliquity of hole has been considered in
widthwise, lengthwise, diagonal wise direction,
30odirection and 60o direction.
2. A series of thick flat plates with oblique holes under axial
tension is analysed using the finite element method. For
the axial loading case, the stress concentration factors are
compared with results obtained by the experimental
photoelastic technique, as shown in Table 2, table3 and
Figure 7. For the scf values the differences between the
FE results and experimental results are within 5%, which
showed good agreement. Models with holes at large
angles of obliquity required large numbers of elements in
order to achieve reliable results, but such numbers of
Figure 15: scf Vs Angles of Obliquity for different d/w
elements were beyond the limitations on computer time
D. Evaluation of stress concentration factor for 30 0 and space. For ø= 60° to 800, for example, the accuracy
direction obliquity of hole of FE results is very poor and the differences between the
FE results and experimental results are observed about
25% to35%.
3. Figure 2 show the stress distribution around the hole for
ø= 00. It is seen from figure that maximum stress is
equally distributed along the thickness the hole.
4. Figure 3 shows the stress distribution around hole for
angle of obliquity ø=300. It is seen that the maximum
stress is concentrated towards the one of the edge of hole.
From figure 4, 5, 6, it is seen that maximum stress
increases with increasing obliquity of hole.
5. Figure 9 to 13 shows that scf plotted against the obliquity
of the hole, for widthwise obliquity of hole, From these
Figure 16: scf Vs Angles of Obliquity for different d/w figs it is observed that scf increases with increasing
obliquity of hole, with some exceptions.

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 International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)
ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-1, Issue-4, September 2012

6. Figure 14 show that scf plotted against the obliquity of

the hole for length wise obliquity of hole. It is observed
from these figures that scf deceases with increasing
obliquity of hole upto d/w=0.5 but, after that scf
increases with increasing obliquity of hole.
7. It is seen from figures 15, 16, 17 that scf increases with
increasing the obliquity of hole, when obliquity of hole
taken in diagonal wise direction, 300 direction and 600
direction.
The stress concentration factor evaluated for oblique
holes for various condition of obliquity will be use-full
for designer to estimate the maximum stress in a plate
with oblique holes.

REFERENCES
1. McKENZIE D. J. WHITE “Stress concentration caused by an oblique
round hole in a flat plate under uniaxial tension.” Journal of Strain
Analysis, Vol 3, No 2 ,1968.
2. P Stanley and A G Starr has find out “Stress concentration at an
oblique hole in a thick plate”. Journal of Strain Analysis, Vol 35, No 2,
2000.
A TAFRESHI AND T.E.THORPE “NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF STRESSES AT
OBLIQUE HOLES IN PLATE SUBJECTED TO TENSION AND BENDING”.
JOURNAL OF STRAIN ANALYSIS, VOL 30, NO 4, 1995.

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