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Structure II: Gateway College of Architecture and Design Lesson Plan 2

This document provides a lesson plan on bending stresses that includes: 1) Explaining simple bending, bending stress, and assumptions of simple bending theory. 2) Defining the neutral axis, moment of resistance, and section modulus and how they relate to bending stresses. 3) Providing examples to calculate bending stresses, moment of resistance, and section modulus for different beam cross sections.

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rashi garg
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41 views16 pages

Structure II: Gateway College of Architecture and Design Lesson Plan 2

This document provides a lesson plan on bending stresses that includes: 1) Explaining simple bending, bending stress, and assumptions of simple bending theory. 2) Defining the neutral axis, moment of resistance, and section modulus and how they relate to bending stresses. 3) Providing examples to calculate bending stresses, moment of resistance, and section modulus for different beam cross sections.

Uploaded by

rashi garg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Gateway College of Architecture and Design

Lesson Plan 2

Structure II
Bending stresses

12/20/2014 Neeraj Kumar 1


Content
• Introduction
• Simple bending or pure bending
• Assumptions in the theory of simple bending
• Neutral layer (or Neutral axis)
• Bending equation
• Moment of Resistance (MR or M)
• Section modulus (Z)
• Illustrative examples
Instructional Objectives
At the end of this lecture, students should be able to:
• Explain the concept of simple bending, bending stress and
assumptions in simple bending.
• Explain Neutral axis, Moment of Resistance (MR) and Section
modulus (Z).
• Solve the problems related to bending, MR and Z
Introduction
• As we’d discussed earlier, the stress produced in a body to resist the bending
moment are known as bending stress.
Pure bending or Simple bending
Assumptions in the theory of simple bending

• The material of beam is homogenous and isotropic.


• The section of a beam, which is plane before bending will remain
plane after bending.
• The value of Young’s modulus of elasticity is the same in tension and
compression.
• The beam material is stressed within its elastic limit and thus obeys
Hooke’s law.
Neutral Axis (Neutral layer)
• Neutral axis of a beam is the axis at which the stress is zero. It is
written as N.A.
• Neutral axis is always passes through the centroid of the cross-
section of beam and is parallel to the base of the cross-section.
• The fibres of the beam in bending are in a state of tension on one
side of the N.A. and compression on the other side.
Bending Equation

• The equation of bending is:


M/I = σb/y = E/R
where,
M = B.M. or Moment of Resistance of the section in Nmm.
I = MOI of the section about N.A. in mm4
σb= Bending stress at distance y from N.A. in N/mm2
y = distance of fibre from N.A. in mm
E = Young’s modulus of elasticity in N/mm2
R = Radius of curvature of N.A. in mm
Moment of Resistance (MR)
• When a beam is subjected to BM, the section above and below N.A.
develops internal forces or stresses of opposite nature.
• These internal stresses or forces have certain moments about N.A.
• The algebraic sum of these moments is equal and opposite to the bending
moment acting on the section thus keeping the section of beam in
equilibrium.
• The sum of moments of the internal forces about N.A. is known as the
Moment of Resistance.
• MR is equivalent to Max BM in the beam.
• From bending equation, we have
M/I = σb/y
or M = (σb/y)xI
or M = σb x Z
where Z is called Section Modulus.
Section Modulus (Modulus of Section)

• Section Modulus is the ratio of MOI of a section about the N.A. to the
distance of the outermost layer from the N.A. It is denoted by Z.
Hence mathematically, Z = I/y

Note: Section Modulus is of practically greater use than the MOI. The
strength of the beam section depends mainly on section modulus.
Section Modulus of various shapes

1. Rectangular section
Z = I/y
MOI of rectangle about its N.A.
I = bd3/12
y = distance of outermost layer
from N.A. = d/2
hence, Z = (bd3/12)/(d/2)
Z = bd2/6

Similarly, find the section


modulus of Hollow rectangular
section, circular section, hollow
circular section etc.
Illustrative examples

1. A steel plate of width 60mm and of thickness 10mm is bent into a


circular arc of radius 10m. Determine the maximum stress
induced and the bending moment (or Moment of resistance)
which will produce the maximum stress. Take E = 2x105N/mm2.
Solution- width of plate, b = 60mm
thickness of plate, t = 10mm
MOI, I = bt3/12 = 60x103/12
= 5000mm4
Radius of curvature, R = 10m = 10000mm
Using the relation,
σb/y = E/R
σb = E.y/R
Contd.

Stress will be maximum, when y is maximum. But y will be


maximum at the top layer or bottom layer.
y = t/2 = 10/2 = 5mm
hence, σb = E.y/R
= 2x105x5/10x10000 = 100N/mm2
again using relation,
M/I = E/R
M = ExI/R
= (2x105x5000)/(10x103)
= 100x103Nmm = 100Nm.
Contd.

2. A rectangular beam 100mm deep and 75mm wide is simply


supported over a span of 6m. It carries a UDL of 4000N/m over
the whole span. Calculate the max bending stress developed in
the section at:
i) supports
ii) 1.5m from the supports
iii) mid span of the beam
Contd.

Solution- depth of beam, d = 100mm


width of beam, b = 75mm
max bending stress will be at the extreme fibre i.e. d/2 from NA in all the
cases.
now, section modulus for rectangular section,
Z = bd2/6
= 75x1002/6 = 125000mm3
reaction, RA = RB = total load/2
= 4000x6/2 = 12000N

i) Bending stress at supports:


BM at supports (A or B), M = 0
Bending stress, σb = M/Z = 0
Contd.
ii) Bending stress at 1.5m from supports:
BM at C (1.5m from A), M = 12000x1.5-4000x1.5x (1.5/2)
= 13500Nm = 13.5x106 Nmm
Bending stress, σb = M/Z = 13.5x106/125000
= 108 N/mm2

iii) Bending stress at mid span of beam:


BM at D (mid span), M = wl2/8
= 4000x62/8
= 18000Nm = 18x106 Nmm
bending stress, σb = M/Z = 18x106/125000
= 144 N/mm2

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