oo Direct & Indirect Speech en we use Direct Speech, we quote the exact words of speaker. When we use Reported speeeHvndiract Speech, we change the words that were said to make them fit into our own sentence. . For example: He said, “I want to go home.” (Direct speech) He said that he wanted to go home. (Reported speech) Some General Rules: 1. Use of Conjunctions: that, if, whether Rahul said, “am tired.” Rahul said that he was tired He said to John, “Do you teach English?” He asked John if he taught English. 2 Shenae of Pronouins: The frst person pronouns are changed according tothe subject of reporting ver. He He told me that he lived there. The second person pronouns are changed according to the object of repor He said to me, “You look tired” He told me that ! looked tired. Third person pronouns are not changed. 3, Inverted commas, question mark (2) & exclamation mark (!) are removed. 4. Change of Tenses: When the reporting verb is in the past tense the tense of the statement changes. When iu" reporting verb is in the pr ¢ tense of the statement does not change. The tense changes as follows Direct Indirect Present Simple: Past Simple Present Continuous: Past Continuous Present Perfect: Past Perfect Present Perfect Continuous: Past Perfect Continuous Past Simple: Past Perfect Past Continuous: Past Perfect Cor Past Perfect: No Change Past Perfect Continuous: No Change ‘williShall, Can, Ma} Would, Could, Might ‘The tense does not change if the reported speech is a universal truth. 5. Change of Adverbs: Adverbs are changed as follows Here there Today thal day Tomorrow the next day Yesterday the previous day Now then Just then Last night the previous night Thisithese that/those Next Sunday the following Sunday. 6. Imperative Sentences: Inthe case of imperative sentence the reporting verb say is changed into order, reques! ‘advise etc. Infinitive structure is used (to + Vi). ‘She said to me, “Please help me” She requested me to help her.The officer said, "Clean the tloor.”* ‘The officer ordered to clean the floor. 7. Exclamatory Sentences: The reporting verb ‘say’ changes into exclaim with sorrowrjoy/surprise etc. Conjuncior thatis used. Ashok said, "Hurray! We have won the match.” Ashok exclaimed with joy that they had won the match, The old man said, “What a beautiful painting!” The old man exclaimed with surprise that the painting was very beautiful. Exercise: Put the following sentences in Indirect Speech 4. Amit said, “Iam in trouble, friends” 2. The hungry boy said, "Please give me some food” 3. {said to my son, “Don't drive fast on highways." 4, He said, “Will you go there?" 5. The officer said, "Clean my room" 6 7 8. Raju sald to us “Why don’t you go back?” Wasim said, “like it.” Dilip said, “Mars is a planet of our solar syster Father said to me "Do not smoke if you want to be happy.” | said to Andrew, “Be careful.” ‘She said, “I came here yesterday.” “\know her address”, said Jeetu. . Radha said, “I was watching TV at 8 PM yestord: ‘Sumit ly friends are very lazy.’ . She said, “My father is coming tomorrow.” . The teacher said, “What are you writing?” /. They say, “We have been living here since 1999." Sumit asked me, “Can you drive?” said to a student, “Have you done your homework?" Dilip said, “I'll go to Jaipus tomorrow.” Rewrite the following in Indirect speech “Sit down, boy" said the teacher. He said "My God! ! am ruined.” id “How cruel of him!” is your name not Ajay?” I done very badly”, remarked the teacher. The teacher said "Bravo! You have done very well” The teacher promised “Il you will come before school tomorrow, twill explain it* ‘Amit said, “How clever | am!” “Which way did she go?” asked the ma “Don't you know Ashok” asked | He said, "Will you go there?” He sald "What a lazy boy you are! How badly you have done your work!" ‘Hurry up" he sald to his servant “don’t waste time” He said to Shyam “Wait until come” . He said “Let us wait for the dinner” . The officer said “Clean my room” Ashish said to Neelam “Let me read the book” Father said to me “Do not smoke if you want to be happy” ). Jyoti said to him “Get out of my hous He said to me “May you be happy!" . The saint said, “May you go to hell!” . She said “Alas! My daughter has failed again” ‘She said “what a fine man he is!” |. She said, “Can you help me?” Raju said to us “Why don’t you go back?” Deepika said to Shanu "Whatis your name?” 1 2 3, 4. 8. 6. 7. a27. Sudha said “I must wash the dishe: tonight” 28. Si need not worry about my father's health” 28. Wasim said “like it” 30. Jorum said “it is always better to be safe than sorry" 31. Dilip said “Mars is a planet of our solar system” 32. Jugnu says “I never trust women” Re-write the following in Indirect speech She said to me, “Let us go for the cinema this afternoon” He said to us, “Let us return home, She said, “I am ill. Can | take an aspirin?” She said,” How foolish you are!” Looking at his broken doll, the child said “Oh! It is my dcil."(RAS $9) She said, “Where is the hospital?"(RAS $6) Hari said to him “I shall not come to you tomorrow.”(96) “Put the book in the cupboard, Parul” the teacher said My mother said to me “sit down and tell me what is worrying you” 10. “We'll wait for you if you are late” they said (RAS 94) 11. “Shall we go to the cinema” | asked her (RAS 96) 12. She said “I have lost my key. Can I borrow yours?"(RAS 96) 13. He said to the servant "Do as | tell you” 14. The teacher said, “Time is over. Stop writing” 15. | said to my son, “Don’t drive fast on highways.” 16. Sumit said to me, “How many students do you teach daily? 17. The teacher said, "Did you break this cup, Sheetal?” 18. “Trust in God & do the right”, she said 18. She said to us “Don’t swim in the deep water” 20. The Collector said to the peon “Don't let anyone come in without my permission” 21. Amit said “I am in trouble, friends” 22. The policeman said to me “How can | help you?” 23. The hungry boy said “Please give me some food” 24. The doctor said to the patient “Reduce the intake of sugar” 25. Kamla said to Jiten “Work hard until you succeed” 26. Raj said “What a beautiful painting!” 27. Amit said “What a difficuil question it is!” 28. Teacher said to him “How naughty are you!” 29. Mother said “May god help you in your life” 30. “The sun rises in the east only” he explained 31. They said “We'll go tomorrow” 32, Sheetal said to Rekha “Let me do my sums, please” PENT eN