Why buildings stand up
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
Notre Dame de Paris
BCE Place Galleria
Santiago Calatrava
1987-1992
Toronto, Canada
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
Post and Beam-Trabeated
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
1
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
Arch - Arcuated
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
Groin Vault
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
Barrel Vault
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
2
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
Corbelled Dome
Dome on
ARCHITECTURE 1100: Pendentives
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
Dome on
Pendentives
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
3
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
4
Sexpartite
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
Quadripartitie
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
Oriente Station
•Santiago Calatrava
•Structural Expressionism
•1993-98
•Gare do Oriente, Portugal
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
5
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
Salisbury Salisbury Cathedral if French Cathedral
Cathedral as built built in the French
manner
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
Duomo (Cupola Florence Cathedral)
•Brunelleschi
•Renaissance
• 1420-1436
•Florence, Italy
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
6
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
Biliotheque Ste Genevieve
•Henri Labrouste
•Structural Rationalism
•1842-50
•Paris, France
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
7
Gare Saint Lazare
Claude Monet
1877
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
Saint Pancras Station
London, 1863-65
Barlow and Ordish, Engineers
Metal and Glass clear span of 234 feet
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
Eiffel Tower
•Gustave Eiffel
•1887-89
•Paris, France
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
8
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
9
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
10
La Sagrada Familia
•Antonio Gaudi
•Art Nouveau
•1884
•Barcelona, Spain
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
11
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
Notre Dame Du Raincy
•Auguste Perret
•Early Modern
•(Structural Rationalism)
•1922
•Raincy, France
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
"The Renaissance was …a retrospective movement; it was not 'rebirth' but decadence, and one
may say that even though, … certain men of genius produced monuments that were masterpieces,
such as the Val-de-Grace, the Dome des Invalides and the Palace of Versailles, these edifices are
merely magnificent stage decorations; their structure does not dictate their appearance
as at Hagia Sophia or Chartres. Versailles is badly constructed, and when Time will have
exerted its mastery over this palace, we shall not be left with a ruin, but with a mass of
unidentifiable rubble. This is not Architecture; Architecture is what makes beautiful ruins."
— Auguste Perret. from Peter Collins. Concrete: The Vision of a New Architecture, A Study of Auguste Perret and his Precursors.
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
12
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
Pier Luigi Nervi
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
13
"...two of my most interesting
projects, the hangars built of pre-
cast elements and the roof for the
Turin Exhibition Halls, would have
been impossible without a
simultaneous invention of the
structural method. They would
have looked completely different if
they had been built on the same
principle but in a conventional
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
technique."
— Pier Luigi Nervi from the
Introduction of Jürgen Joedicke.
The Works of Pier Luigi Nervi. pVII
Turin Exhibition Hall
(Olympic Ice Hockey)
Long Span Reinforced Concrete
Pier Luigi Nervi
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
Munich Olympic Stadium
• Frei Otto with Gunter Benhisch
•1972
•Expressionist Modern
•Lightweight Tensile Structure
•Munich, Germany
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
14
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
Guggenheim Musuem, Bilbao Spain
1991-1997
Architect: Frank Gehry
Structural Engineering: SOM Chicago
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
CATIA Model
“the computer is a tool, not a partner - an instrument for catching
the curve, not inventing it”
Frank Gehry
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
15
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
Sears Tower
Bruce Graham / SOM
1450’ tall, 110 stories
1974-1976
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
16
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
Pompidou Center
Renzo Piano and Richard Rogers
Paris, France
ARCHITECTURE 1100: 1971-1977
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
POMPIDOU CENTER, PARIS, 1971-77
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
17
POMPIDOU CENTER, PARIS, 1971-77
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
POMPIDOU CENTER, PARIS, 1971-77
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
18
POMPIDOU CENTER, PARIS, 1971-77
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
9d' Octubre Bridge
•Santiago Calatrava
•1986~1988
•Valencia, Spain
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
19
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
Alamillo Bridge
Santiago Calatrava
Seville, Spain 1987 – 1992
River Guadalquivir
Motor and pedestrian bridge
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
Satolas TGV Station
• Santiago Calatrava
• Structural Expressionism
• 1989-1994
• Lyon, France
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
20
Satolas TGV Station
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
Satolas TGV Station
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
21
Satolas TGV Station
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
Satolas TGV Station
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
22
Why buildings Fall Down
Hartford Coliseum
•0 (1000’s had occupied the arena hours earlier)
•1/18/1978 4:15 am
•Hartford, Connecticut
Hyatt Regency Sky Walk Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
•114 Dead
•7/17/1981
•Kansas City, Kansas
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
23
DESIGN – BID - BUILD
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
Hyatt Regency 1981
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
2P
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
24
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
25
ETHICAL CONCERNS
CONTRACTOR: CHANGED DESIGN DURING
CONSTRUCTION
OWNER: REFUSED TO ALLOW ONSITE
INSPECTORS AFTER MULTIPLE REQUESTS BY
ENGINEER
ENGINEER: APPROVED DESIGN CHANGES
Minoan & Mycenaean Architecture
WITHOUT FULL STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
DESIGNED A SYSTEM THAT DID NOT MEET
LOCAL BUILDING CODES
BUILDING INSPECTOR: ALLOWED THE
BUILDING TO BE OCCUPIED DESPITE CODE
VIOLATIONS
ARCHITECTURE 1100:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 8: Structure
26
