Harmonic filtering
From Electrical Installation Guide
Contents
1- Passive filters
1.1- Typical applications
1.2- Operating principle
2- Active filters (active harmonic conditioner)
2.1- Typical applications
2.2- Operating principle
3- Hybrid filters
3.1- Typical applications
3.2- Operating principle
4- Selection criteria
4.1- Passive filter
4.2- Active harmonic conditioners
4.3- Hybrid filters
In cases where the preventive action presented above is
insufficient, it is necessary to equip the installation with
filtering systems.
There are three types of filters:
Passive
Active
Hybrid
Passive filters
Typical applications
Industrial installations with a set of non-linear loads representing more than 500kVA
(variable-speed drives, UPSs, rectifiers, etc.)
Installations requiring power-factor correction
Installations where voltage distortion must be reduced to avoid disturbing sensitive
loads
Installations where current distortion must be reduced to avoid overloads
Operating principle
An LC circuit, tuned to each harmonic order to be filtered, is
installed in parallel with the non-linear load (see Fig. M28).
This bypass circuit absorbs the harmonics, thus avoiding their
flow in the distribution network.
Generally speaking, the passive filter is tuned to a harmonic
order close to the order to be eliminated. Several parallel-
connected branches of filters can be used if a significant
reduction in the distortion of a number of harmonic orders is
required.
Fig. M28: Operating principle of a passive filter
Active filters (active harmonic conditioner)
Typical applications
Commercial installations with a set of non-linear loads representing less than 500kVA
(variable-speed drives, UPSs, office equipment, etc.)
Installations where current distortion must be reduced to avoid overloads.
Operating principle
These systems, comprising power electronics and installed in
series or parallel with the non-linear load, compensate the
harmonic current or voltage drawn by the load.
Figure M29 shows a parallel-connected active harmonic conditioner
(AHC) compensating the harmonic current (Ihar = -Iact).
The AHC injects in opposite phase the harmonics drawn by the non-
linear load, such that the line current Is remains sinusoidal.
Fig. M29: Operating principle of an active filter
Hybrid filters
Typical applications
Industrial installations with a set of non-linear loads
representing more than 500kVA (variable-speed drives, UPSs,
rectifiers, etc.)
Installations requiring power-factor correction
Installations where voltage distortion must be reduced to avoid disturbing sensitive
loads
Installations where current distortion must be reduced to avoid overloads
Installations where strict limits on harmonic emissions must be met
Operating principle
Passive and active filters are combined in a single system to
constitute a hybrid filter (see Fig. M30). This new filtering
solution offers the advantages of both types of filters and covers
a wide range of power and performance levels.
Fig. M30: Operating principle of a hybrid filter
Selection criteria
Passive filter
It offers both power-factor correction and high current-filtering
capacity.Passive filters also reduce the harmonic voltages in
installations where the supply voltage is disturbed. If the level
of reactive power supplied is high, it is advised to turn off the
passive filter at times when the percent load is low.
Preliminary studies for a filter must take into account the
possible presence of a power factor correction capacitor bank
which may have to be eliminated.
Fig. M31: Example of MV passive filter
equipment
Active harmonic conditioners
They filter harmonics over a wide range of frequencies and can
adapt to any type of load. On the other hand, power ratings are
limited.
Fig. M32: Active Harmonic
Conditionner (AccuSine
range)
Hybrid filters
They combine the performance of both active and passive filters.
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Category: Chapter - Power harmonics management
This page was last modified on 8 December 2016, at 00:36.
