Natural history [EG Look at the following questions and decide how you would answer them. 1. Do people in your country keep animals in their home? (Why? / Why not?) 2 Do you think the way farm animals re keptis acceprable? 3 Do you think we do enough to protect wild animals? (What type of things should we do?) 4 Should animals be used in scientific experiments? WE) (EB7s) Listen to three speakers and decide which question in 1.1 each of them is answering. Is their attitude negative or neutral? [Speaker | Question Attitude eee Ce nn ea Fane ct eccentric ‘The adjectives in the box are all negative except two. Which are they? 1] Match the beginnings of these answers (a~f) with the endings (1-6). @ Ithinkanimalsthat are kept well away from areas where endangered animals live and that their are used in habitat is protected. D_ I believe animal 2. argue against using animals in cancer research, but | object to animal testing testing for cosmetics, © Ithinkicscommon —3._are very popular and almost every household has a cat, dog or hamster. vowige drat 4 is perfectly acceptable because medical research is more important than Not really. We should animal welfare. rails Hine pele 5 agriculture should have a good quality of life and a painless death, © Well icisdificultto — & incensively reared livestock suffer horribly because oftheir cramped living £ Yes, they do. Pets conditions. | Now match the answers with the questions in 1.1, Then answer the questions in your own words.Natural history 9 IPB cross out the odd one out in each of the following lists. Givea reason for your answer 1. wasp ant cockroach, deer 6 fur scales feathers trunk the other ave all insects 7 2 hive flock nest den 7 swarm herd pack burrow colony school 3. butterfly snail crab turtle 8 wasp fly bee scorpion mosquito 4 bear reindeer thinoceros goat © rebra giratte tiger bee 5 cat tiger dog horse 10 emu ostrich penguin eagle [DIED mateh the descriptions (1-7) with the animals (ag) 1. adomestic pack animal 2 penguin 2 avenomousarachnid b bat 3. anaquatic invertebrate © tarantula 4 a nocturnal, hibernating mammal 4. gorilla 5a flightiess, nesting bird jellyfish 6 a parasitic insect mosquito 7 acritically endangered primace g llama Ba Read the passage about the pygmy shrew and choose up to ten words to look up in a dictionary. Having evolved 45 million years ago and remaining virtually ) od unchanged in North America for at least ten million years, shrews are some of che world’s most ancient and widespread ‘To help you prepare for the Reading mamumals, Their speed of life defies imagination ~ they. test, try not to look up every word in hhave the fastest heartbeat (1,200 per minute) and shortest eee ane Het yeu are acing lifespans (11 to 13 months) of any mammal. They don't sleep ee esas a lg for more than a few minuves at atime and never hibemate. ere Instead, their brief life ts apetic foeaginig, To stay alive, the SATE Shen) et ae se prety shrew has 1 eae thc times cs body wight daily, ‘which means capruring a prey every 15 co 30 minutes, day and night. In northern Montans, shrews manage to maintain their metabolism even in winter by building an extensive syotem of tunnels under the snow, Yer, ac northern latitudes, they are unusually vulnerable to accelerated global warming: vvith their high-speed metabolism, chey cannot survive exposure to temperatures higher than 77 degrees Fehrenheit (25°C), The shrews Achille’ hee sits dependence on a habitat most affected by global climate change and interference from human ~ in order co thrive, they require cool, drs coniferous bogs with dense understory, standing ‘water and an abundance of decaying mossy logs. 499 Natural history El] Are the following sentences TRUE OR FALSE? Use words from the passage to explain your answers. ae ‘Neture refers to all the thinge in 1 Todeysshrewsare very ifrentothoseoften milion yees ago, NAME fer oll the things ia 2. Sheews are found within a limited area. people:t love wildlife and anything todo 2. Shrews sleep through most ofthe winter with nahiae: NOT the nate , The countryside = areas of and where 4. Shrews spend most oftheir life looking for food. tet Ae eee ee 5. Shrews construct a home underground to help shelter them ee ee eee from the cold Landscape = the appearance (or view) 6 Shrews are too small ta be affected by global warming. eee pau reide TR lanaeie es 7 The ideal living conditions forthe shrew are dry and warm. [geecennes uel cad 8 Shrows arelialy ro be negatively affected by loging place, piece of land or country: Too many tourists are visiting this area. (NOT are visiting this landscape) Read the following passage as fast as you can. Highlight or underline the possible threats to animals, ‘caused by humans, Can you think of any more? Extinction is part of evolution, It was the demise of the dinosaurs that let mammals flourish, and humans emerge. Buc with an estimated 130 species disappearing each day, the world is on the brink of another mass ‘extinction that could riva/ the one chat saw the dinosaurs disappear. Environmencalists warn that the record rate of extinction due to human activity is putting the natural systems necessary for our survival at ris, ‘Threats such as habitat oss, overexploitation, pollution, invasive non-native species, disease and climate change are on the rise. “Uhere is a high risk of dramatic biodiversity loss and accompanying degradation ‘of a broad range of ecosystem services if the Earth’s system is pushed beyond a certain shresbold’ These ‘ecosystem services’ include che most basic human needs: food, fue, clean water, materials and medicines. I might be said that there is nor one aspect of our lives that doesn't require other species. | PARAPHRASE Match the words in italics in the passage in 4.1 with the word: similar meaning. the box with a en Cure oc eu one Soe EXE] Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the words in the box. iz ‘We use harm for things or people but ‘we use damage only for things: Luckily no one was harmed in the accident, which damaged two buildings, Un a maces eames eee a) The oll spill caused a great deal of to seabirds. The spider’ bite is painful, but itis to humans 1 2 3° Heavyrainsand. winds caused several trees to fall, 4. Farms were attacked by a swarm oF locusts that ‘crops in the area, 5 The introduction of foxes to this area put many native species at __ of extinction, 6 Pesticides may help control pests but they are also to local wildlife