DESIGN OF SQUARE TIED COLUMN WITH AXIAL LOAD ONLY

TABLE OF PROPERTIES LOAD TO BE APPLIED

fc' 28 �_� 2600
fy 350 NOTE: �_�is in KN
ρ 0.02
φ 0.7 LEGEND:
Db 25 INPUT
db 10 COMPUTED
FINAL

SOLUTION:
�_� = 0.80φ[0.85fc'(Ag-Ast)+fy(Ast)]
EQ 1
�_𝑠𝑡/�_𝑔
ρ= ; Ast=ρ(Ag) EQ 2

Substituting EQ 2 to EQ 1:
Ag 153108.3347

Computing for the dimensions of the column

side of square column 391.2906014
Rounded dimension 400

New Ag 160000
Ast 3200

Number of steel reinforcements, N

�_𝑠𝑡/�_𝐷𝑏
N=

N 6.518986469
Rounded N 8

MAXIMUM VERTICAL SPACING OF LATERAL REINFORCEMENTS

16Db 400
48db 480
min dim 400

Therefore, Smax= 400

NOTE: Make the configuration or arrangement of the steel

reinforcements
based on computed N
CHECKING OF CLEAR SPACING OF MAIN BARS
No. of spaces along one side 2
No. of bars along one side 3
 CS= 112.5 okay!

CHECK FOR ADDITIONAL TIES

Center to center spacing of main bars
S= 137.5 Additional ties are not needed

VERIFICATION OF STRENGTH

TABLE OF PROPERTIES
fc' 28
fy 350
DIMENSION OF 400
DIAMETER OF M 25
NUMBER OF MA 8

Solving for Pn
Pn= 0.85fc'(Ag-Ast) + fy(Ast)
Pn= 5088984.405 N
5088.984405 KN

Solving for Pu
Pu=φPn
Pu= 2849.831267 ADEQUATE!
 Column dimension 450
DESIGN OF ECCENTRICALLY LOADED COLUMNS
Db 25 fc' 28 β1= 0.85
db 10 fy 420
d 387.5 γ 0.8125
d' 62.5
COMPUTATION FOR BALANCED FAILURE
�_𝑏=𝑑 𝜖_�/(𝜖_�+𝜖_𝑦 ) # of bars 4
fs 420
Cb= 227.9411765 fs' 420

DEFINE FORCES CONFIGURATION:

C=0.85fc'ab
C= 2075062.5
Cs'=As'(fs'-0.85fc')
Cs'= 388968.4404
T=Asfs
T= 412334.0358

Pb=C+Cs'-T
Pb= 2051.696905
Mb=Pb*eb
Mb= 396.0790352

�_𝑏=𝑀_𝑏/�_𝑏

eb= 193.0494871

TABLE FOR TENSION AND COMPRESSION FAILURE POINTS

c fs fs' C Cs' T Mn Pn
55 420 -81.81818182 500692.5 -103690.408 412334 151.1067 -15.3319
65 420 23.07692308 591727.5 -709.879109 412334 183.6811 178.6836
70 420 64.28571429 637245 39746.75705 412334 197.8852 264.6577
75 420 100 682762.5 74809.17506 412334 211.0193 345.2376
80 420 131.25 728280 105488.7908 412334 223.2477 421.4348
85 420 158.8235294 773797.5 132559.04 412334 234.6961 494.0225
90 420 183.3333333 819315 156621.4838 412334 245.4623 563.6024
95 420 205.2631579 864832.5 178151.0387 412334 255.6235 630.6495
100 420 225 910350 197527.6381 412334 265.2414 695.5436
105 420 242.8571429 955867.5 215058.8471 412334 274.3659 758.5923
110 420 259.0909091 1001385 230996.3098 412334 283.0381 820.0473
115 420 273.9130435 1046903 245547.9062 412334 291.2915 880.1164
120 420 287.5 1092420 258886.8696 412334 299.1545 938.9728
125 420 300 1137938 271158.7159 412334 306.6506 996.7622
130 420 311.5384615 1183455 282486.574 412334 313.7998 1053.608
135 420 322.2222222 1228973 292975.3316 412334 320.6193 1109.614
140 420 332.1428571 1274490 302714.8921 412334 327.1235 1164.871
145 420 341.3793103 1320008 311782.7588 412334 333.3252 1219.456
150 420 350 1365525 320246.1011 412334 339.2352 1273.437
155 420 358.0645161 1411043 328163.4213 412334 344.863 1326.872
160 420 365.625 1456560 335585.909 412334 350.2169 1379.812
165 420 372.7272727 1502078 342558.5489 412334 355.3043 1432.302
170 420 379.4117647 1547595 349121.0336 412334 360.1316 1484.382
175 420 385.7142857 1593113 355308.5191 412334 364.7045 1536.087
180 420 391.6666667 1638630 361152.2555 412334 369.0281 1587.448
185 420 397.2972973 1684148 366680.1142 412334 373.1069 1638.494
190 420 402.6315789 1729665 371917.0329 412334 376.945 1689.248
195 420 407.6923077 1775183 376885.3918 412334 380.546 1739.734
200 420 412.5 1820700 381605.3326 412334 383.9131 1789.971
205 420 417.0731707 1866218 386095.0325 412334 387.0495 1839.978
210 420 420 1911735 388968.4404 412334 389.7297 1888.369
215 420 420 1957253 388968.4404 412334 391.7495 1933.887
220 420 420 2002770 388968.4404 412334 393.5759 1979.404
225 420 420 2048288 388968.4404 412334 395.2088 2024.922
230 410.86956522 420 2093805 388968.4404 403370.3 395.1917 2079.403
235 389.36170213 420 2139323 388968.4404 382255 393.0065 2146.036
240 368.75 420 2184840 388968.4404 362019.5 390.7709 2211.789
245 348.97959184 420 2230358 388968.4404 342609.9 388.4759 2276.716
250 330 420 2275875 388968.4404 323976.7 386.1137 2340.867
255 311.76470588 420 2321393 388968.4404 306074.3 383.6768 2404.287
260 294.23076923 420 2366910 388968.4404 288860.4 381.1584 2467.018
265 277.35849057 420 2412428 388968.4404 272296.1 378.552 2529.1
270 261.11111111 420 2457945 388968.4404 256345.2 375.8519 2590.568
275 245.45454545 420 2503463 388968.4404 240974.4 373.0526 2651.457
280 230.35714286 420 2548980 388968.4404 226152.6 370.149 2711.796
285 215.78947368 420 2594498 388968.4404 211850.8 367.1366 2771.615
290 201.72413793 420 2640015 388968.4404 198042.2 364.0108 2830.941
295 188.13559322 420 2685533 388968.4404 184701.7 360.7676 2889.799
300 175 420 2731050 388968.4404 171805.8 357.4032 2948.213
305 162.29508197 420 2776568 388968.4404 159332.8 353.9141 3006.203
310 150 420 2822085 388968.4404 147262.2 350.2969 3063.791
315 138.0952381 420 2867603 388968.4404 135574.7 346.5485 3120.996
320 126.5625 420 2913120 388968.4404 124252.4 342.6661 3177.836
325 115.38461538 420 2958638 388968.4404 113278.6 338.6468 3234.327
330 104.54545455 420 3004155 388968.4404 102637.3 334.4881 3290.486
335 94.029850746 420 3049673 388968.4404 92313.59 330.1875 3346.327
340 83.823529412 420 3095190 388968.4404 82293.56 325.7429 3401.865
345 73.913043478 420 3140708 388968.4404 72563.96 321.152 3457.112
350 64.285714286 420 3186225 388968.4404 63112.35 316.4128 3512.081
355 54.929577465 420 3231743 388968.4404 53926.99 311.5234 3566.784
360 45.833333333 420 3277260 388968.4404 44996.77 306.4821 3621.232
365 36.98630137 420 3322778 388968.4404 36311.22 301.287 3675.435
370 28.378378378 420 3368295 388968.4404 27860.41 295.9367 3729.403
375 20 420 3413813 388968.4404 19634.95 290.4295 3783.146
380 11.842105263 420 3459330 388968.4404 11625.96 284.764 3836.672
385 3.8961038961 420 3504848 388968.4404 3824.991 278.9389 3889.991
390 -3.846153846 420 3550365 388968.4404 -3775.95 272.9529 3943.109
395 -11.39240506 420 3595883 388968.4404 -11184.5 266.8047 3996.035
400 -18.75 420 3641400 388968.4404 -18407.8 260.4931 4048.776
405 -25.92592593 420 3686918 388968.4404 -25452.7 254.0171 4101.339
410 -32.92682927 420 3732435 388968.4404 -32325.8 247.3755 4153.729
415 -39.75903614 420 3777953 388968.4404 -39033.3 240.5674 4205.954
420 -46.42857143 420 3823470 388968.4404 -45581.1 233.5918 4258.02
425 -52.94117647 420 3868988 388968.4404 -51974.9 226.4478 4309.931
430 -59.30232558 420 3914505 388968.4404 -58219.9 219.1345 4361.693
435 -65.51724138 420 3960023 388968.4404 -64321.4 211.651 4413.312
440 -71.59090909 420 4005540 388968.4404 -70284.2 203.9967 4464.793
445 -77.52808989 420 4051058 388968.4404 -76113 196.1707 4516.139
450 -83.33333333 420 4096575 388968.4404 -81812.3 188.1723 4567.356
455 -89.01098901 420 4142093 388968.4404 -87386.3 180.0008 4618.447
460 -94.56521739 420 4187610 388968.4404 -92839.2 171.6555 4669.418
465 -100 420 4233128 388968.4404 -98174.8 163.1358 4720.271
470 -105.3191489 420 4278645 388968.4404 -103397 154.4412 4771.01
475 -110.5263158 420 4324163 388968.4404 -108509 145.5709 4821.64
480 -115.625 420 4369680 388968.4404 -113515 136.5245 4872.163
485 -120.6185567 420 4415198 388968.4404 -118417 127.3015 4922.583
490 -125.5102041 420 4460715 388968.4404 -123219 117.9012 4972.903

INTERACTION DIAGRAM
6000

5000

4000
NOMINAL AXIAL CAPACITY

3000

2000

1000

0
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
 NOMINAL AXI
2000

1000

0
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

-1000

NOMINAL MOMENT CAPACITY

Pu=
Mu=
�_�=�_�/(∅𝑓𝑐^′ �_𝑔 ) �_�=(�_� �)/(∅𝑓𝑐^′ �_𝑔 ℎ)

Kn= 0 Rn= 0

e=𝑀_�/�_�
�/ℎ= #DIV/0!
e= #DIV/0!

FROM INTERACTION DIAGRAM with interpolation

without interpolation γ1=
ρ_𝑔= 0.02 γ2=
ρ_𝑔 1=
�_𝑠𝑡=ρ_� �_𝑔 ρ_𝑔 2=
Ast= 4050 ρ_𝑔=
Ast= 0
Number of steel reinforcements, N Number of steel reinforcements, N
N=
�_𝑠𝑡/�_𝐷𝑏 �_𝑠𝑡/�_𝐷𝑏
N=

N= 8.2505922499 N= 0
Rounded N 10 Rounded N 0

NOTE: Make the configuration or arrangement of the steel

reinforcements
based on computed N
CHECKING OF CLEAR SPACING OF MAIN BARS
No. of spaces along one side 3
No. of bars along one side 4
CS= 83.33333333 okay!

CHECK FOR ADDITIONAL TIES

Center to center spacing of main bars
S= 108.3333333 Additional ties are not needed
VERIFICATION OF STRENGTH
for ey
TABLE OF PROPERTIES Pu= 600
fc' 28 Mu= 35
fy 420
Dim. of column 450 for ex
ø of main bars 25 Pu= 500
No. of main bar 8 Mu= 40
ø of ties 10 For checking of adequacy
ey 58.33333333 Pu 1100
ex 80

For Pnx

Compute for gamma, γ

�=(���𝑡�𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑐��𝑡�𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎�𝑐� 𝑜𝑓 𝑜�𝑡�𝑟 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠)/ℎ

γ= 0.722222222 NOTE: If the value of gamma is in between

the value of for example 0.7 and 0.8 put the
values of Kn on the interpolation section.(i.e
�/ℎ= 0.12962963 0.745)

Compute for steel reinforcement ratio,ρg

�_𝑠𝑡/�_𝑔
ρ_𝑔=

ρ_𝑔= 0.019392547
note: with the following values, check interaction diagram for value of Kn
From interaction diagram,
Kn= 0.68
NOTE: Use this section if the value of gamma
�_�=�_�/(𝑓_𝑐 �_𝑔 ) ; �_�=�_� 𝑓_𝑐 �_𝑔 is exact (i.e 0.7,0.8, etc.)

INTERPOLATION SECTION
Kn1 0.6 γ1= 0.7
 Kn2 0.63 γ2= 0.8

Kn 0.606667

Pnx without interpolation Pnx with interpolation

Pnx= 3855.6 Kn Pnx= 3439.8 Kn

For Pny

Compute for gamma,γ

�=(���𝑡�𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑐��𝑡�𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎�𝑐� 𝑜𝑓 𝑜�𝑡�𝑟 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠)/ℎ

γ= 0.722222222 NOTE: If the value of gamma is in between

the value of for example 0.7 and 0.8 put the
values of Kn on the interpolation section.(i.e
�/ℎ= 0.177777778 0.745)

Compute for steel reinforcement ratio,ρg

�_𝑠𝑡/�_𝑔
ρ_𝑔=

ρ_𝑔= 0.019392547

note: with the following values, check interaction diagram for value of Kn

From interaction diagram,

Kn= 0.68
NOTE: Use this section if the value of gamma
�_�=�_�/(𝑓_𝑐 �_𝑔 ) ; �_�=�_� 𝑓_𝑐 �_𝑔
is exact (i.e 0.7,0.8, etc.)

INTERPOLATION SECTION
Kn1 0.6 γ1= 0.7
Kn2 0.63 γ2= 0.8

Kn 0.606667

Pny without interpolation Pny with interpolation

Pny= 3855.6 Kn Pny= 3439.8 Kn

For Pno
�_�𝑜= 0.85fc'(Ag-Ast)+fy(Ast)
Pno= 6375.373762 Kn
Using Reciprocal Load Method
1/�_� =1/�_�𝑥 +1/�_�𝑦 −1/�_�𝑜

Without interpolation With interpolation

Pn= 2763.404543 Kn Pn= 2355.293 Kn
Pu= 1934.38318 Kn Pu= 1648.705 Kn
ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE!
SERVICEABILITY

For beams with uniform loads only:

For instantaneous deflection �_(𝐷+𝐿)=�_𝐷+�_𝐿
Dead load 14 Kn/m �_(𝐷+𝐿)= 24
Live load 10 Kn/m 𝑀_𝑎=(�𝑙^2)/12
Length 6m
fc' 28 Mpa
Ma= 72 Kn-m
Compute for E
�=4700√(𝑓_𝑐′)
E= 24870.062324

Check if I=Ig or Ie
𝑀𝑐𝑟=(𝑓_𝑟 𝐼_𝑔)/𝑦_𝑡

𝑓_𝑟=0.7λ√(𝑓_𝑐′)

fr= 3.704051835

𝑏_𝑓

𝑡_𝑓

𝑡_�

bf 1130 ø of bars 25
t 150 # of bars 3
d 450 As 490.8739
tw 250 eff d 375

y= 144.0184049

Ig= 3512501917

Mcr= 90.33907286 Kn-m

Therefore,
I= Ig

NOTE: If I=Ig, proceed to section A, if I=Ie, proceed to section B

 Section A
�_(𝐷+𝐿)=(�𝑙^4)/384�𝐼

�_(𝐷+𝐿)=0.9272387553

Section B
𝐼_�=(�_��/�_� )^3 𝐼_𝑔+[1−(𝑀_𝑐𝑟/𝑀_𝑎 )^3 ] 𝐼_𝑐𝑟

Computing for Icr:

NOTE:input values for both cases, only one case will give the true value
If y > t
y= #VALUE! �_(𝐷+𝐿)=(�𝑙^4)/384�𝐼
Icr= #VALUE!
Ie= #VALUE! �_(𝐷+𝐿)=#VALUE!

If y < t
y= 29.987401196 �_(𝐷+𝐿)=(�𝑙^4)/384�𝐼
Icr= 185448775.13
Ie= 6757321375.9 �_(𝐷+𝐿)=0.481985 mm

For Long-term deflection

�_𝐿𝑇=�_(𝐷+𝐿)+�_𝛥 �_𝑆𝐿
�_𝑆𝐿=�_(𝐷+𝐿)

Input value of�_(𝐷+𝐿)

�_(𝐷+𝐿)= 0.48199

From graph
ξ= 2
�_𝐿𝑇= 1.44597 mm

For beams with uniform load and concentrated load:

For instantaneous deflection

�_𝐷 50 KN �_(𝐷+𝐿)=�_𝐷+�_𝐿
�_𝐿 65 KN �_(𝐷+𝐿)= 12
�_𝐷 5 KN/m �_(𝐷+𝐿)=�_𝐷+�_𝐿
�_𝐿 7 KN/m �_(𝐷+𝐿)= 115
 Length 6m
fc' 28 Mpa

a= 4
b= 2

if a < b if a > b use this value

𝑀_𝑎=(�𝑙^2)/12+(�𝑎𝑏^2)/𝑙^2 𝑀_𝑎=(�𝑙^2)/12+(�𝑎^2 𝑏)/𝑙^2

Ma= 87.111111111 Ma= 138.2222

Compute for E Therefore Ma= 138.222

�=4700√(𝑓_𝑐′)
E= 24870.062324

Check if I=Ig or Ie
𝑀𝑐𝑟=(𝑓_𝑟 𝐼_𝑔)/𝑦_𝑡

𝑓_𝑟=0.7λ√(𝑓_𝑐′)

fr= 3.704051835

𝑏_𝑓

𝑡_𝑓

𝑡_�

bf 1130 ø of bars 25
t 150 # of bars 3
d 450 As 490.8739
tw 250 eff d 375

y= 144.0184049

Ig= 3512501917
 Mcr= 90.33907286 Kn-m
Therefore,
I= Ie

NOTE: If I=Ig, proceed to section A, if I=Ie, proceed to section B

Section A
�_(𝐷+𝐿)=(�𝑙^4)/384�𝐼+(�𝑎^3 𝑏^3)/(3𝑙^3 �𝐼)

�_(𝐷+𝐿)=0.4646595357

Section B
𝐼_�=(𝑀_𝑐𝑟/𝑀_𝑎 )^3 𝐼_𝑔+[1−(𝑀_𝑐𝑟/𝑀_𝑎 )^3 ] 𝐼_𝑐𝑟

Computing for Icr:

NOTE:input values for both cases, only one case will give value
If y > t
y= #VALUE! �_(𝐷+𝐿)=(�𝑙^4)/384�𝐼+(�𝑎^3 𝑏^3)/(3𝑙^3 �𝐼)
Icr= #VALUE!
Ie= #DIV/0! �_(𝐷+𝐿)= #DIV/0!

If y < t
y= 29.987401196 �_(𝐷+𝐿)=(�𝑙^4)/384�𝐼+(�𝑎^3 𝑏^3)/(3𝑙^3 �𝐼)
Icr= 185448775.13
Ie= 1114319139.7 �_(𝐷+𝐿)=1.462438 mm

For Long-term deflection

�_𝐿𝑇=�_(𝐷+𝐿)+�_𝛥 �_𝑆𝐿
�_𝑆𝐿=�_(𝐷+𝐿)

Input value of�_(𝐷+𝐿)

�_(𝐷+𝐿)= 1.46244

From graph
ξ= 2
�_𝐿𝑇= 4.38732 mm