Chapter I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
INTRODUCTION
Philippines known as the uttermost use of social media by the
use of cellular phone. Some use it as instrument or tool for
academic purposes such as browsing, communicating, calculating
even in business. Since, our country is influences of modern
world which some of us are prone and focuses in technology like
cellphone. These are also having benefits and negatives effects
that gives to the users.
Currently education making a move toward the use of
technology within classroom ranging from elementary to the
collegiate level using the most commonly devices for educational
purposes; tablets (iOS/Android), smartphones (Android/iOS), and
laptops (Windows/Macintosh) (Dietz & Henrich, 2014). These
devices are used to enhance the overall educational performance
of the students; answering questions, examining visualization,
note taking, researching, and communicating (Integrated Tech in
High School, 2012).
Cellphone is small wireless device that has at least the same
functions of a standard wired telephone but is smaller and more
mobile. It requires a subscription to a service provider and
requires either a prepaid or monthly billing set up and also
called mobile phone or mobile device (Business Dictionary). The
worlds first cell phone was launched in 1083. It was the
Motorola Dyna TAC 800x and priced at the around $4,000 and lasted
for 30 minutes of talk time before dying. Mobile phones have
become an almost essential part of daily life since their rapid
growth in popularity in the late 1990s. The extensively impact
of mobile phone affect the development of the countries. Every
single moment there is a need of mobile phone, from dawn to dusk
mobile phone is a must with us. Mobile phone can highly have
affected by the young generation all over the world
(Francke,2007).
The use of cellphone has been increasing in all economic and
age sectors and has expanded the boundaries of higher education.
Mobile phones connected students to one another, to educational
resource, and to a potential host of distractions. The presence
of cellphones presents both opportunities and challenges for
todays students. Mobile phone can be a helpful academic tool, or
harmful academic disruption depending upon the attitude and use
pattern of the students and the policies of the schools they
attend.
This research was conducted to determine causes and effects
of using mobile phone or cellphone in development of the
performance and skills of the students in writing, reading and
comprehension. It also sought to distinguish the effect of over
usage of cell-phone to the behavior of the student. It also
sought to distinguish the effect of over usage of cell-phone to
the mental and physical behavior of the students.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Philippines continues to improves and develop in terms of
technology. Many used technology particularly the cellphone as a
tool in education. These was a very huge help to each in the part
of teaching. It will give a positive and negatives effects.
In the past century, Education can improve a lot by the more
civilized and creative. The teachers can impart to their students
effectively in brief way while the students learned and
understand easily the lessons by the used of the technologies. It
also a new techniques and strategies of teaching which innovate a
better quality of education.
In this research paradigm shows the cause and effects of using
cellphone in academic performance of the students and it will
give idea and awareness to the negative and positive effects of
cellphone on the part of the respondents.
Input Process Output
1.Profile of the 1. Administration 1.It will
students/responden of the survey identify the
ts. questioner. cause and
a. Age effects of using
a. Profile of the
b. Gender cellphone in
respondents
c. Sibling rank academic
d. Time rate
b. Possible cause performance of
used of
and effects students.
cellphone
e. Subjects used
by cellphone 2.It will
2. Analyses of increase the
statistical data knowledge about
2.Possible cause
treatment. the cause and
and effects of
using cellphone in effect of
the academic cellphone on
performance of their academic
students. performance.
Research Paradigm
Figure 1
Figure 1 shows the research paradigm. The researcher used the
system of input-process-output approach.
The inputs include; the profile of the respondents in terms
of Age, Gender, Sibling rank, Time rate used of cellphone and
Subject's used by cellphone. Possible cause and effects of
cellphone in the academic performance of students.
The process that used is by the help of survey questionnaire
and the way of sampling. The output was notice are the following.
1. It will identify the cause and effects of using cellphone in
academic performance of students. 2. It will increase the
knowledge about the cause and effects of cellphone on their
academic performance.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This research study is conducted to attempt and to identify
the cause and effects of using cellphone in the academic
performance of grade ten (10) students of Sto. Domingo Trade
National High school. Specifically, the study attempted to answer
the following questions.
1. How may the profile of the respondent be describing in terms
of:
a. Age
b. Gender
c. Sibling rank
d. Time rate used of cellphone
e. Subject's used by cellphone
2. What are the causes and effects of using cellphone on the
academic performance of the students?
3. How may the cellphones affects to the academic performance of
the students?
4. Is there a significant relationship between respondents and
their profile variables on their academic performance in terms of
using cellphone?
HYPOTHESIS
There is a significant relationship between respondents and
profile variables in terms of academic performance by using of
cellphone.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study that conducted is very beneficial, the findings
will help to the following specially to the students in terms of
learning pattern.
Students. The findings will help to the students to be able to be
aware on positive and negative cause and effects of cellphone. It
will be the way to be used of time productive. The findings will
also help to make students to be responsible users and it will a
lot for a better academic performance.
Teachers. The findings will help to the teacher to know the
effects of cellphone on their students. It will be the way to
guide the students in a right way for a better teaching
strategies for a better quality of education.
Principals. The findings will help to the Superior for able to
know what best practices that he or she can do which the students
learn and enhance the academic performance.
Parents. The findings will help to the parents to guide their
child in a right way which the students achieve a best quality of
life in a future.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
The focus of this research study is to aim the cause and
effects of using cellphone on the academic performance of the
grade ten (10) students of Sto. Domingo Trade National High
school. The research conducted at Sto. Domingo trade National
High school school, Sto. Domingo Trade Nueva Ecija.
Chapter II
Review of Related Literature
This chapter presented the review related of literature that
contains of from foreign and local studies of the past studies.
Cellphone is one of the most rapidly growing technologies in
the world. A cellphone or cellular phone also known as a mobile
phone is a device that can make and receive telephone calls over
a radio link while moving around a wide geographical area. Modern
cell phones support a wide variety of other services such as text
messaging, multi-media messaging, email, internet access,
Bluetooth, business applications, games, photography and
calendaring among other service.
FOREIGN LITERATURE
The human behavior is rapidly changing with the touch of
technology. Technology is the main key indicator of development
of todays world. The effect of mobile phone on daily activities
of human being is affected the whole society and even the whole
country. Mobile addiction can be seriously affected at the
psychological level of human mind and human organs (Goswami &
Singh, 2015).
Many research was found the effective effect this change
maker device. The mobile phones are not only communication device
but also used for news, information and other non-formal
communication media (Rejeev & Jobilal,2015).
According to John Holland, students who always used cellphone can
result to decreasing the ability in grammar, spelling, and the
construction of sentence as well.
LOCAL LITERATURE
Students achievement increase significantly when students
use mobile learning devices, including smartphones during
learning time (Norries,Hossain & Soloway,2011). This is because
their time-on-task completion will increase as they have the
device in hand. Students were constantly using smartphone camera
to take pictures of abstract concepts taught in class so that
later they could relate them with concrete ideas (Norries et al.,
2011).
Similarly, Woodcock et al. (2012) reported that respondents
in their research believed that smartphones had allowed them to
improve productivity and eventually their learning performance.
Kumar (2011) indicated that students were downloading online
lectures and reading e-books to improve learning. Smartphone have
created sophisticated avenues for students to learn and it is
undeniable that more students are spending more time using mobile
apps. This positively correlated with the higher rate of
smartphone ownership among higher education students (Bowen,
Kyle, & Mathew,2012).
FOREIGN STUDIES
World Health Organization stated that the person who used
cellphone have a big prone in malfunction of the body. It
presented that lack of physical activities which should need of
the human body (WHO,2015).
Many current studies have shown smartphones usage benefits
in learning, students were found always using their phones more
for playing games and leisure activities than for learning. Among
the identified factors preventing widespread adoption of
smartphones for physical, technical, and psychological
limitations. Students were increasingly adopting smartphones with
the focus on personal use rather than education (White & Mills,
2012). More studies were carried out investigate he causes behind
a negative relationship between electro media use and academic
performance; multitasking has emerged as a possible explanation
(Jocobse & Foster, 2011; Junco & Cotton, 2011; 2012; Karpinski et
al., 2013; Kirschner & Karpinski, 2010; Rosen et al., 2013; Wood
et al., 2012). Smartphones use is not only limited to texting and
calling but internet use, email and social-networking site such
as Facebook, it can potentially increase multitasking and task
switching during academic activities and can affect the cognitive
processes of students.
LOCAL STUDIES
The increase of technology in the classroom (e.g., use of
cell phones), there has been an increased report of a decline in
overall grades and decrease of work and using cellphone in the
classroom has been connected with lower recall and decrease in
student satisfaction with instruction (Dietz & Henrich, 2014);
comprehension has also lessened when students use electronic
devices for non-educational purposes. It was found that students
find their devices more exciting and stimulating than what is
happening in their class (Sana et al., 2013); students have also
been found to continue to use cell phones for non-educational
purposes during class instruction, even when they are aware of
negative side-effects of cell phone usage in the classroom.
Another reason of student uses their cell phones in class (e.g.,
messaging, looking at social media, gaming) is because they
believe that they can multitask.
The ability to truly process two streams of independent
information at the same time is nearly impossible; what most
people refer to as multitasking is actually considered serial
tasking, which is the action of shifting back from one task to
another (Fisher & Plessow, 2015). Students belief of multitasking
is important because it need to compared to teachers beliefs of
multitasking. Students who believe they can multitask may be more
likely to believe they can use their cellphones and pay attention
during class (Kuznekoff,Munz, & Titswoeth, 2015).
RELEVANCE OF THE REVIEW LITERATURE AND STUDIES TO PRESENT STUDIES
The Review of Literature shows different cause and effects
of using cellphone on the academic performance of the students.
It is very relevant, productive and significant to the study to
give insight particularly to the present study about the cause
and effects of using cellphone on the academic performance of
grade ten (10) students of Sto. Domingo Trade National High
school in the school year 2019-2020.
In today's situation cellphone is a huge tool in academic
performance of students. It can be result to a positive or
negative effects. The only thing to do is to be a responsible
one. Cellphone give a potential development for the future of
youth. But, to make it that the superior should be guide the
young age in a right way.
The present study is similar to the previous studies that
find out the common cause and effects of cellphone on the grade
10 students. The studies which have similarity and related to
each of other are Bowen,Kyle,& Matthew, D.P. (2012). Students
preferences for mobile app usage. Retrieved from
https://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/erb1210.pdf
Eysenck,M.W.,& Keane,M.T.(2015). Cognitive Psychology: A
Stusents Handbook. New York,NY: Psychology Press Fischer,R.,&
Plessow,F.(2015). Efficient multitasking: Parallel versus serial
processing of multiple task. Frontier in Psychology,6,1366.
doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01366
Karpinski,A.C.,Kirschner,P.A.,Ozer,I.,Mellott,J.A.,&Ochwa,P.
(2013).An exploration of social networking site use,
multitasking, and academic performance among United States and
European University students. Computer in Human Behavior,29,1182-
1192.
Kumar,M.(2011), Impact of the evolution of smart phones in
education technology and its application in technical and
professional studies: Indian perspective. International Journal
of Managing Information Technology(IJMIT),3(3),39-49.
Norries,C.,Hossain,A.,&Soloway,E.(2011). Using smartphone as
essential tools for learning: A call to place schools on the
right side of 21st century. Educationl Technology.,51(3),18-25.
Sana,F.,Wenston,T.,&Cepede,N.(2013). Laptop multitasking hinders
classroom learning for both users and nearby peers. Computer and
Education,62,24-31.
Pullam,Daniel,Effect of Student Classroom Cell Phone Usage on
Teacher (2017). Master Theses & Specialialist Project Paper 1915.
http:/digitalcommon.wku.edu/theses/1915
White,J.,& Mills,D.J.(2012). Examining attitudes towards and
usage of smartphone
Wood,E.,Zivacakova,L.,Gentile,P.,Archeer,K.,De
Pasquale,D.,&Nosko,A.(2012). Examining the impact of off-task
multi-tasking with technology on real-time classroom learning.
Computer & Education, 58(1),365-374.
Woodcock,B.,Middleton,A.,&Nortcliffe,A.(2012). Considering the
smartphone learner: an investigation into student interest in the
use of personal technology to enhance their learning. Student
Engagement and Experience Journal, 1(1),1-15
CHAPTER III
This chapter describes the method of study, data gathering,
procedure and statistical treatment used in the study in order to
have a reliable analysis and interpretation of data.
RESEARCH METHOD
The method used to conduct the research is descriptive. It
will clearly describe the cause and effects of using cellphone on
the academic performance of the grade ten (10) students. It
describes the fact-finding that stated in the problem of the
study. It is used also to gather, analyze and interpret result in
a specific problem of the research.
SAMPLE AND SAMPLING PROCEDURES
The respondents were the Grade ten (10) students of Sto. Domingo
Trade National High school, Purok 5 Baloc, Sto. Domingo, Nueva
Ecija of the SY 2019-2020:
Researcher used to determine the respondent by the used of
sampling. The respondent chosen basically based on their
knowledge. All of Grade ten (10) students of Sto. Domingo Trade
National High School with one hundred eighty (180) male student
and two hundred twenty (220) female student with a total of four
hundred (400) respondents.
Table 1: Distribution of Respondent
Gender Number
Male 180
Female 220
Total 400
Table 1: Shows the distribution of respondent all grade ten (10)
students. The breakdown of female and male respondents.
RESEARCH LOCALE
"Education is the key to the success." Sto. Domingo Trade
National School that promote a best quality of education. It
focuses of a better life of their students whose produces
effective and efficient students that make successful someday.
The school create and build an innovative child which can step up
to continue the legacy of our national hero Dr. Jose P. Rizal
which he stated that "the youth is of the nation."
The research was conducted in Sto. Domingo Trade National High
school, Purok 5, Baloc Sto. Domingo Nueva Ecija. The superior of
this school is Madam Cecille O. Ocsan Ed. D as the principal.
Figure:2 Map of Sto. Domingo, Nueva Ecija
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
The procedure of collecting data is by the used of survey
questionnaire. Survey questionnaire is a paper containing a list
of question that answer by factual way of respondent. (Babbie
2013). Itis characterized by semi-structural interview that
contains of choices but free to answer with honesty (Rubin 2012;
Bernard 2013).
Description of the Instrument
Part I. Is a survey questionnaire on the profile of respondent or
student that questions contain of Age, Gender, Sibling rank, Time
rate used of cellphone and Subject's used by cellphone.
Part II. Is a questionnaire on the possible cause and effects of
using cellphone on the academic performance of the grade ten (10)
students of Sto. Domingo Trade National High school. The
respondent answer the given statement based on the verbal rating.
The research data collected by the following step.
Seek Permission
Researcher makes a letter for the respective person where
he/she are the superior of the location where the study is
conducted. It is conducted at Sto. Domingo Trade National High
School and Madam Cecille O. Ocsan Ed. D as the school Principal
or superior.
Administration and Retrieval of Questionnaire
The questionnaire is distributed to the respective
respondents which are the Grade ten (10) students of Sto. Domingo
Trade National High School. The questionnaire is divided into two
(2) parts. Part I contains of profile of respondent and Part II
contains of possible cause and effects of using cellphone in
academic performance
STATISTICAL TREATMENTS
The following statistical treatments were used to analyzed the
data that gathered.
The formula for percentage
P = F/N X 100%
Where;
P = percentage
F = number of frequencies
N = total number of respondents
The possible factors are personality, person influences,
economic stability and academic ability or aptitude. The
respondent answered the statement rate by the following verbal
interpretation.
3.21 5.00 = strongly agree
3.41 4.20 = agree
2.61 3.40 = uncertain or no comment
1.81 2.60 = disagree
1.00 1.80 = strongly disagree
