INTERNSHIP REPORT

ON

LOGISTICS & SHIPPING

Submitted by

NAME OF THE STUDENT

(NAME OF THE INSTIUTION &PLACE )

Under the guidance of

SREEKANTH.S BHAT
(CEO, M/S. Logon Logistics & Shipping)
At Logon Logistics & Shipping
Corporat Office
Cochin
2019
REPORT
  LOGISTICS

Logistics is used more broadly to refer to the process of cording

moving cargos and other resources –people, materials,
inventory, and equipment – from one location to storage at the
desired destination. The term logistics originated in the military,
referring to the movement of equipment and supplies to troops
in the field.

 SHIPPING

The process of transporting item usually through different mode

or through mail service .Shipping is basic commercial way of
getting an item form one place to another place, one person or
firm or authority.

 SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

SCM is the integration of business process that provides

products, services and information that add value customers. It
comprises all of the activities associated with the flow and
transformation of goods from the raw material stage through to
the end user, as well as the associated information flows.
Material and information flow both up and down supply chain.

 EXPORT

Exports are goods that they are produced in your own country
and shipped to another country for sale. They can also be used
for trade with another country if the home country needs a
produced from the country they are exporting to. Exporting is
often referred to when speaking about international trade,
which is simply the exchange of goods and services with other
country.

 IMPORT

An import is a goods or service brought into one country from

another country. The word import is derived from the word port
since goods are often shipped via boat or another. Imports form
the backbone of international trade. If the value of a country’s
imports exceeds the value of its exports the country has a
negative balance of trade.

 WAREHOUSE

A warehouse is a commercial building for storage of goods

Warehouses are used by manufacturers, importers,
exporters, wholesalers, transport businesses, customs, etc.
They are usually large plain buildings in industrial parks on the
outskirts of cities, towns or village’s .They usually has loading
docks to load and unload goods from trucks. Sometimes
warehouses are designed for the loading and unloading of
goods directly from railways, airports, or seaports. They often
have cranes and forklifts for moving goods, which are usually
placed on ISO standard pallets loaded into pallet racks. Stored
goods can include any raw materials, packing materials, spare
parts, components, or finished goods associated with
agriculture, manufacturing and production.

 PACKING

Protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use.

Packaging also refers to the process of designing, evaluating,
and producing packages. Packaging can be described as a
coordinated system of preparing goods for transport,
warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use. Packaging contains,
protects, preserves, transports, informs, and sells in many
countries it is fully integrated into government, business, and
institutional, industrial, and personal use.

 PALLATE

A pallet is the structural foundation of a unit load which allows

handling and storage efficiencies. Goods or shipping
containers are often placed on a pallet secured
with strapping, stretch wrap or shrink wrap and shipped. Since
its invention in the twentieth century, its use has dramatically
supplanted older forms of crating like the wooden box and
the wooden barrel, as it works well with modern packaging
like corrugated boxes and intermodal containerscommonly
used for bulk shipping.
  GST ( Goods and service tax )

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a value-added tax

levied on most goods and services sold for domestic
consumption. The GST is paid by consumers, but it is remitted
to the government by the businesses selling the goods and
services. In effect, GST provides revenue for the government.

 Type of Gst

1. CGST

2. SGST

3. IGST

4. UGST

 CGST ( Central goods and service tax )

Refers to the Central GST tax that is levied by the Central

Government of India on any transaction of goods and services
tax taking place within a state. It is one of the two taxes
charged on every intrastate (within one state) transaction

 SGST ( State goods and service tax )

SGST (State GST) is one of the two taxes levied on every

intrastate (within one state) transaction of goods and services.
The other one is CGST. SGST is levied by the state where the
goods are being sold/purchased

 IGST ( Integrated goods and service tax )

Integrated GST (IGST) is applicable on interstate (between two

states) transactions of goods and services, as well as on
imports. This tax will be collected by the Central government
and will further be distributed among the respective states

 UGST ( Union territory and services tax )

The Union Territory Goods and Services Tax, commonly

referred to as UTGST, is the GST applicable on the goods and
services supply that takes place in any of the five Union
Territories of India, including Andaman and Nicobar Islands,
Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Chandigarh, Lakshadweep and
Daman and Diu
  Multimode operation

Multimode transport refers to a transport system usually

operated by one carrier more than one mode of transport under
the control or ownership of one operator.

 Intramode operation

This mode defined as movement of carriage from origin to

destination on by serval mode of transport where each of the
modes has a different transport carrier responsibility, each with
its own independent contract.

 Invoice

An invoice or bill is commercial document; this bill issued by a

seller to a buyer, relating to a sale transaction and indicating
the products, quantities, and agreed prices for products
or services the seller had provided the buyer.

 Packing list

A seller-prepared commercial document indicating the net and

gross weights, dimensions and contents of all shipping pieces
in a shipment. Each packing list should reference
the shipment for which is made, and the line item totals should
agree with the relevant commercial invoice
  Bill of lading

Bill of lading is one of the most important documents in the

shipping process. To ship any goods, a bill of lading is required
and acts as a receipt and a contract. A completed Bill of lading
legally shows that the carrier has received the freight as
described and is obligated to deliver that freight in good
condition to the consignee.

 Certificate of origin

Coo is a printed form or an electronic document it is completed

by freight forwarders,

Exporter, other shipping agent, and certified by recognize

issuing body (chamber of commerce).

 Port

A port is a maritime commercial facility which may comprise

one or more wharves where ships may dock to load and
discharge passengers and cargo.

 Container freight station

A facility where freight shipments are consolidated or de-

consolidated and staged between transport legs.. The term
CFS at loading port means the location designated by carriers
for the receiving of cargo to be loaded into containers by
the carrier. At discharge or destination ports, the term CFS
means the bonded location designated by carriers
for devanning of containerized cargo.

 Inland container deport

an inland intermodal terminal directly connected

by road or rail to a seaport and operating as a centre for
the transshipment of sea cargo to inland destinations.[1]

 INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANISATION (

ICAO)

Formed in (1944) at the convention chikagoicao is a unit nation

agency with its headquarters monadrial, Canada

 INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION

Airline when came to existence in 1945

1 Mondrial , Canada – sectriate ,main office

2 Geneva ,Switzerland , administrative office & clearing

house

 TOP 10 CONTAINER SHIP

1 OOCL Hong Kong

2 MADRID MAERSK

3 MOL Triumph

4 MSC Anna

5 MSC OSCAR

6 CSCL Globe – MV CSCL

7 UASC Brazen

8 MAGLEBY Maersk

9 CMA CGM Benjamin Franklin

10MSC Newyork

 MAJOR PORT IN INDIA

1. Mundra (Gujarath)

2. Kandla ( Gujarat)
3. Mumbai

4. Nhavasheva (JNPT)

5. Marmagoa

6. New Mangalore

7. Tuticorin

8. Cochin

9. Chennai

10. Enoore

11. Vizag(Ap)

12. Paradap(Orissa)

13. Halide(Kolkata)

14. Portblair(Lakshadweep)

 MAJOR 10 AIRPORT IN INDIA

1. Indira Gandhi International Airport (Delhi.)

2. Agatti Aerodrome ( Lakshadweep )

3. ChhatarpatiShivaji International Airport ( Mumbai )

4. DabolimAirport ( Goa )

5. KushokBakulaRimpocheeAirport ( Ladakh )

6. Bhul Airport ( Kutch )

7. Rajiv Gandhi International Airport

8. Kempegowda international Airport ( Karnataka )

9. Madras International Airport ( Tamilnadu )

10. Veer Savarakr International Airport ( Port Blair )

Different modes of transport

1. Road transport: road transport exist in all parts of the

world, this involves the use of motor vehicles (cars, lorries,
buses, bicycles, and trucks). There are various types of
 roads according to size and functions, some roads are
tarred while others are not. The best of these roads are
the modern roads which links major towns. Road transport
when compared with other modes of transportation is
more flexible. It is relatively cheaper and faster

2. Railway transport: railways were developed during the

period of industrial revolution in the 19th century, these
was partly for political reasons and for economic reasons.
In many countries, they were built especially to penetrate
isolated regions and help promote political unity. The
major advantage of railway transport includes provision
reliable services. It has ability of conveying heavy and
bulky goods; it is also very cheap.

3. Water transport: water transport is very important

because it is the cheapest way of transporting bulky goods
over a long distance. In the world, there are two major
types of water transport namely: Â Inland water transport
and ocean water transport. Inland water transport- this is
the system of transport through all navigable rivers, lakes
and man-made canals

4. Air transport- air transport is the newest means of

transport; it was introduced in 1903 but developed into full
means of transporting people and goods in 1930s. The
 greatest of the air transportation started after the Second
World War (WW11). This mode of transportation can be
used for both domestic and international flights.

5. Pipeline transport: this system of transportation involves

the use of hollow pipes in the transportation of water,
crude oil, (petroleum) and gas. This mode of
transportation is safer than using tankers or trailers in the
transportation of these liquids.

Types of container

1. Dry storage container

The most commonly used shipping containers; they come

in various dimensions standardized by ISO. They are used
for shipping of dry materials and come in size of 20ft, 40 ft
and 10ft.

2. Flat rack container

With collapsible sides, these are like simple storage

shipping containers where the sides can be folded so as to
make a flat rack for shipping of wide variety of goods.

3. Open top container

 With a convertible top that can be completely removed to
make an open top so that materials of any height can be
shipped easily.\

4. Tunnel container

Container storage units provided with doors on both ends

of the container, they are extremely helpful in quick
loading and unloading of materials.

5. Open side storage container

These storage units are provided with doors that can

change into completely open sides providing a much wider
room for loading of materials.

6. Double doors container

They are kind of storage units that are provided with

double doors, making a wider room for loading and
unloading of materials. Construction materials include
steel, iron etc in standardized sizes of 20ft and 40ft.
7. Refrigerated ISO containers

These are temperature regulated shipping containers that

always have a carefully controlled low temperature. They
are exclusively used for shipment of perishable
substances like fruits and vegetables over long distances.
8. Insulated or thermal containers

These are the shipping storage containers that come with

a regulated temperature contro0l allowing them to
maintain a higher temperature.
The c0hoice of material is so done to allow them long life
without being damaged by 0constant exposure to high
temperature. They are most suitable for long distance
tr0ansportation of products.

9. Tanks

Container store units used mostly for transporting of liquid

materials, they are used by a huge proportion of entire
shipping industry. They are mostly made of store anti
corrosive material.

10. Cargo storage roll container

A foldable container this one of the specialized container

units made for purpose of transporting sets or stacks of
material. They are made of thick and strong wire. Mesh
along with rollers that allow their easy movement.

11. Half height containers

Made kind of shipping containers include half height

containers. Made mostly of steel. These containers are
half the weight of full sized containers
12. Car carriers

Car carriers are container storage units made especially

for shipment of cars over long distance .They come with
collapsible sides that help a car snugly inside the
container without the risk of being damaged or moving
from spot

13. Intermediate bulk shift containers

These are specialized storage shipping containers made

solely for the purpose of intermediate shipping of goods.
They are designed to handle large amounts of materials
and made for purpose of shipping materials to a
destination where they can be further packed and sent off
to final spot

14. Drums

As the name suggest. Circular shipping containers.Made

from a choice of materials like steel. Light weight material
,fiber, hard plastic etc.

15. Special purpose containers

Not the ordinary containers .These are the containers

units. Custom made for specialized purpose. Mostly they
are used for high profile service like shipment of weapons
and arson
16. Swap bodies

They are special kind of containers used mostly in Europe

.Not made according to the ISO standard. They are not
standardized shipping container units but extremely
useful all the same.
 INVOICE

EXPORTER: INVOICE NO& DATE: IEC NO:

BUYER PURCHASE DATE:

ORDER:

OTHER REFERENCE:

CONSIGNE BUYER:
E:

NIL
ORGIN DESTINATION OF COUNTRY:
OFCOUNTRY:
PRE
CARRIED
BY: ROAD
VESSEL NO PORT OF LOADING: TERMS OF DELIVERY:
, NAME :

PORT OF PLACE OF EXCHANGE RATE : 62

DISCHARG DELIVERY:
E:

SL. NAME OF HS CODE QUANTIT RATE AMT IGST TOTAL

NO PRODUC Y (USD) VALUE
T
RATE AMT

Net weight :
Gross weight :

DECLARATION:
We declare that this invoice shows the actual
Price of the goods described and that all particulars are true and correct .
 PACKINGLIST

EXPORTER: INVOICE NO& IEC NO:

DATE:

BUYER DATE:
PURCHASE
ORDER:

OTHER REFERENCE:

CONSIGNEE: BUYER:

NIL
ORGIN DESTINATION OF
OFCOUNTRY: COUNTRY:
PRE CARRIED BY:
VESSEL NO , NAME PORT OF TERMS OF DELIVERY:
LOADING:

MARK & NO OF DISCRIPTION QTY NUMBER OF

NUMBER KINDOF GOODS PACKAGE
PACKAGE

BAG NUMBER NO OF NET WT GW PER

BAGS PER BAG
BAG
DECLARATION

TOTAL GW OF TOTAL NO OF NET

CARGO NET PALLET WEIGHT
WT OF PER
CARGO PALLET
 BILL OF LADING

World line Bill of lading for ocean SCAC

transport/ multimodal
transport Ref. No

Chipper / exporter Booking No

(complete name and
address)

Exporters ref

Importers Ref

Consignee (complete Notify Party: (Complete Name & Address

name & address). Not
negotiable unless
consigned to order

Place of Receipt Bill of loading Place of receipt, alongside used

only when multi model transport

Vessel flag Part of discharge Place of delivery along side used

only when multimodal transport

Marks & numbers Description and No. of Gross Measurements

purchasing of goods pkgs wt.

Container Place of issue of BL Received for shipment for the

1 container Date of issue of BL merchant

No. and specimen of Shipped on board date Declaration

original BL

Freight and charges Country of destination Signed by world line as Agents

collect/ FOB for the carrier

Country or origin
 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN

1) Goods consignment from

(Exporters business, name,
address, country)
2) Goods consignment to Certificate of origin
(Consignees name, address,
country)
3) Means of transport and route (as 1. For official use
far as known)

2. Item No 3. Marks 4. Number & 5. Origin 6. Gross 10 No.and

and No. kind of weight date of
of packages invoice
packages ,
descriptio
n of
goods
Pkgs Item, Qty, Indian Gross Commercial
Rate & weight (Kg) invoice no.
value dated
mentioned
in
commercial
invoice
number
dated
11) Certification: It is hereby certified , 12) Declaration by exporter – The
on the basis of control carried out undersigned hereby declares that
that the declaration by exporter is the above details are correct,
correct goods are produced in India, and
that they comply the origin
requirements of exports to xxxx
(importing country)

New Delhi Place & date New Delhi xxxxx Place and date
Sig & Stamp signature of
authorised
signatory
 Advantages of air transportation

1. High speed

2. Minimum cost

3. Strategic Importance

4. Easy transport of costly and light goods

5. Free from physical barriers

6. Useful for Agriculture

7. Useful in nature calamities

Disadvantages of Air Transport

7. High cost

8. More risks

9. Huge investments

Advantages of sea transport

1. Ideal for transporting heavy and bulky goods

2. Suitable for products with long lead times

Disadvantage of sea transport

1. Longer lead delivery times

2. Bad weather

3. Difficult to monitor exact location of goods in transit

4. Customs and excise restriction

5. Could be costly
Type of goods

1 Container cargo
2 Liquid bulk
3 Dry bulk
4 Break bulk
5 Ro ro

1. Container cargo
Many items that are shipped are stored in a container. A
container is a steel box used to carry goods. This can be
a standard container, usually either 6 m or 12 m in length
(20 ft or 40 ft), a refrigerated container, a collapsible
container, or an open top container type. Items like
electronic goods, fruit and clothes all get shipped in
containers.

2. Liquid bulk
Liquid bulk cargos are large amounts of liquids that are
carried in specially built vessels, such as tankers.
Examples include liquid chemicals, petroleum products
and crude oil

3. Dry bulk
 Dry bulk cargoes are large amounts of loose solid cargo
that gets poured directly into the storage sections of a
ship. Dry bulk cargoes include cement and grains such as
wheat.

4. Break bulk
Breakbulk cargo is any cargo that is loose and can be
lifted individually onto a ship or driven on or off. This
includes items like steel, car parts and farm machinery

5. Ro ro
Ro-ro refers to 'roll on / roll off'. This name explains how
the cargo is discharged and loaded. This concerns cargo
that can be driven which is only done by especially trained
drivers. Ro-ro is used for cars, busses, trucks, agricultural
vehicles and cranes.

Types of Cargo Ships

1, Container Vessels
currently the most common mode of transport used for
carrying 20′, 40′ and 45′ containers

2. Bulk Vessels
 Used for the carriage of bulk commodities like wheat,
sulphur, iron ore, coal etc etc..

3. Breakbulk Vessels
Used for the carriage of various kinds of cargoes – bagged
cargo (cement, sugar etc), palletised cargo (paint,
chemicals etc), timber etcetc

4, Ro-Ro Vessels
Used for the carriage of wheeled cargo like cars, buses,
trucks, exacavatorsetc etc.. Where the option is available,
these can also carry some project cargoes as long as
these are loaded on trailers or any other wheeled modes

5. Multi-purpose Vessels
Used for the carriage of a combination of above cargoes..
Very versatile, popular and useful vessels specially along
certain routes which require self-geared vessels and do
not have shore handling facilities.

6. Tanker Vessels
Used for the carriage of various liquid cargoes like oil,
chemicals etc.

7. Crude Carriers
 Used for the carriage of crude oil further classified as
VLCC (Very large Crude Carriers) and ULCC (Ultra large
Crude Carriers)

8. LNG Carriers – Used for the carriage of Liquified Natural

Gas..
Reefer Vessel – Used for the carriage of frozen cargoes or
temperature controlled cargoes like fruits, meat, fish etc.
Question No. 1

Shanghai, China Cochin

18 ft pipe of outer diameter 5 cm
Weight of each pipe – 22 kg
Total capacity should not exceed 26 tonnes of net weight of
cargo
Find:
1. Type of container for the above cargo
2. No. of total pipe
3. Total volume in cubic meters
4. Total net weight and gross weight
Answer:
20 foot dry cargo container
Maximum pay load 28200 kg
Tar weight -2280 kg
Gross weight- 30480 kg
Volume 33 m3
Volume of the pipe = πr 2 h

= 22/7 x (0.025)2x 5.49

= 0.010 m3
(Given d= 5 cm, r =2.5 cm,
r= 0.025 cm
h = 18 ft
 h = 5.49m)
Weight of the pipe = 10.773 Kg
Total = 26000 Kg
Therefore Total Pipes = 26000/10.773 = 2413 Pipes
Total Net weight = 10.773 x 2413 = 24130 Kg
Tare weight = 2280 Kg
Total gross weight = 26410 kg
Total volume = 24.13 m3
Selected container Calculated details
specifications
1. Total volume =33 m3 24.13m3
2. Total net weight = 28200 24130 Kg
Kg
3. Total gross weight = 26410 Kg
30480 Kg

Question No. 2
Vegetables and fruits
1 box of 5 kg
Size of the box (30 x60x30) cm
Switzerland to – Cochin
Cargo fresh apple
Total capacity should not exceed 26 tonnes of net weight of
cargo
Find:
 1 Type of container for the above cargo
2 No. of total box
3 Total volume in cubic meters
4 Total net weight and gross weight
Answer:
40 foot High cube refrigerated container
Maximum pay load 29240 kg
Tar weight -4760 kg
Gross weight- 34000 kg
Volume-67.5 m3
Volume of thebox = L.b.h
= (.3x.6x.3)m3
= 0.054m3
Weight of the box = 13.5 Kg
Therefore Total boxes = 67.5/0.054 = 1250 boxes
Total Net weight = 13.5x 1250 = 16875 Kg
Tare weight =4760 Kg
Total gross weight =21635 kg

Selected container Calculated details

specifications
1. Total volume =67.5 m3 67.5 m3
2. Total net weight = 29240 16875 Kg
Kg
3. Total gross weight = 21635 Kg
34000 Kg
Question No. 3
Cochin to London 20 foot dry container
Route

1) Cochin Colombo  Singapore London

2) Cochin Colombo SalalaLondon
3) Cochin JabelaliLondon
Find the easiest route chart in the basis of cost and time
analysis. Stations included, port, CFS/ ICD, special bonded
warehouse, container yards, container scanning stations, for
both ends. (Origin and destination)

1. Cochin Factory warehouseCFS/ ICD container scng


Container Yard
Cochin PortTransit

Jabelali transshipment TransitLondon portscanning

stationCFS ICD warehouseLondon destuff

Container Yard

Notes: (Assumed)

Cochin to Jabelaliwarehouse 200 Hr, 3000 $

Jabelali to London 500 Hr, 4500$

2. Cochin Factory  warehouseCFS/ ICD 

Container Yard

containerscanning stationCochin PortTransit

Colombo TransshipmentTransitSingapore
portScanning stationLondon PortScanning
stationCFS/ ICD warehouseLondon
destuffContainer Yard

Notes: (Assumed)

Cochin to Colombo 48h 2500 $

Colombo to Singapore 163 H, 3000$

Singapore to London525 H, 3000$

3. Cochin Factory warehouseCFS/ ICD 


container Yard
container scanning stationCochin PortTransit 
Colombo Transshipment TransitSalala
portScanning stationLondon PortScanning
stationCFS/ ICD warehouseLondon
destuffContainer Yard

Notes: (Assumed)

Cochin to Colombo 48h 2500 $

Colombo to Salala192 h, 3500$

Singapore to London 625 h, 3000$