International Engineering Journal For Research & Development Vol.
3
Issue 2
Railway Anti-collision System with Auto-Track Changing
and Phis Plate Removal Sensing
Mr. Nilesh Mali, Mr. Rajkamal Gupta,Tushar Sangole,Swati Mandurkar
Computer Engineering, Department, ARMIET Shahapur Thane ,Maharashtra, India.
such cases. People illegally remove fish plates for monetary
Abstract— Indian Railways is one of the world's largest
benefits.Various terrorist outfits have also been involved in
railway networks in the world, transporting over 18 such detrimental activities. In other cases trains collide each
million passengers and more than 2 million tonnes of other and leading to huge loss of life and trade goods.
freight daily. Hence, the security of Indian railways
becomes indispensible. The illegal removal of fish plates Head-On & Rear-End Collisions:
and collision on the same track leads to crash. The
A head-on collision is one where the front ends of two
objective of our paper is to develop a radical system for vehicles hit each other, as opposed to aside-collision or rear-
continuous monitor of fish plates using power relays and
immediate signalling on said fish platesremoval. In our
proposed system we record end collision. With rail, a head-on collision often implies a
collision on a single line railway. In this paper we
the trains on the same track using the GPS module. GPS
concentrate on detection of fish plate removal and collision of
module interfaced with an ARDUINOboard reads the trains on same track using power relays, ARDUINO board and
geographical coordinates of the train’s position so that the GPS sensor
trains can be halted by applying emergency brakes and
sending signals to both the EXISTING SYSTEM
train brake and train control rooms. Should such a case The existing system uses sensors and GSM technology that
occur the train starts applying the brakes at a distance of 1 provide security and collision avoidance. This systemhas
Km from the incident location? It is expected that if this been designed and simulated using protest real time
system is implemented widely, train collisions and simulation software. Various models for the railway traffic
accidents can be avoided and amount of losses could be
systems has also been generated and tested. Various sub
negated.
modules communicate with each other and with a central
Keywords: Power relays, GPS module, ARDUINO Board. monitoring station where entire data is stored and monitored
INTRODUCTION
Transport is very important to carry the passengers and
goods from one place to another. Better transport leads
toincreased rate of trade. Economic level is highly
dependent on increasing the capacity and quality of
transport. In recent years, many passenger and goods train
have derailed orsuffered from collisions due to damages in
rails .The damages to tracks are predominantly due to
missing fish plate’s accounts for the maximum number of
PROPOSED SYSTEM:
The proposed train anti- collision system consists of
detection of missing fish plates and/or cracks occurring in
the tracks using power relays .signal produced by power
relays is sensed by the Arduino board and halts the train
automatically as per theprogram that has been pre-
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International Engineering Journal For Research & Development Vol.3
Issue 2
programmed on said board. GPS sensor is also proposed in Arduino ias hardware or software microcomputer project,
this system in order to locate the trains on the same and user community that are used to design and manufacture
trackwhich is interfaced with the Arduinoboard in order to microcontroller kits for developing digital devices and
avoid any collisions that may occur. interactive objects that can sense and control objects in the
POWER RELAY: real world. The project's products are distributed as open
source hardware and software, which are licensed under the
A power relay is a switch which is used to open or close a GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) or the GNU
circuit using electromagnetic coils. Power relays also General Public License (GPL), allowing the producer of
contain an Arduino boards and software distribution by anyone. These
systems provide sets of digital and analogy input/output
armature, a spring and one or several contacts. If the power
relay is normally designed to be open, when power is (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion
supplied, the electromagnet attracts the armature, which boards or shields and other circuits. The board’s features
is then pulled in the coil’s direction until it reaches a serial communications interfaces, including Universal Serial
contact, therefore closing the circuit. If the relay is normally Bus (USB) on some models, for loading programs from
designed to be closed, the electromagnetic coil pulls the personal computers. The microcontrollers are mainly
armature away from the contact, therefore opening the programmed using a dialect (local parlance) of features
circuit. from the programming languages of C and C++. In addition
Power relays are used for many different applications, including: to using traditional compiler tool chains, the Arduino
project provides an integrated development environment
Automotive electronics (IDE) based on the Processing language project. Christo
Ananth et al. [4] discussed about an eye blinking sensor.
Audio amplification
Nowadays heart attack patients are increasing day by
Telephone systems
day."Though it is tough to save the heart attack patients, we
Home appliances
can increase the statistics of saving the life of patients & the
Vending machines
life of others whom they are responsible for. The main
Etc. design of this project is to track the heart attack of patients
who are suffering from any attacks during driving and send
them a medical need & thereby to stop the vehicle to ensure
that the persons along them are safe from accident. Here, an
eye blinking sensor is used to sense the blinking of the eye.
SpO2 sensor checks the pulse rate of the patient. Both are
connected to micro controller. If eye blinking gets stopped
then the signal is sent to the controller to make an alarm
through the buffer. If spO2 sensor senses a variation in pulse
or low oxygen content in blood, it may results in heart
failure and therefore the controller stops the motor of the
vehicle. Then Tarang F4 transmitter is used to send the
vehicle number & the mobile number of the patient to a
nearest medical station within 25 km for medical aid. The
pulse rate monitored via LCD .The Tarang F4 receiver
receives the signal and passes through controller and the
number gets displayed in the LCD screen and an alarm is
produced through a buzzer as soon the signal is received.
There is an onboard micro-SD card slot, which can be used
In our paper we use power relays for supply of low voltage
to store files for serving over the network. The on board
high ampere current (which is equivalent to range of the
micro-SD card slot is compatible with all the
battery) to the tracks to detect the removal of fish plates or
Arduino/Genuine boards. The on-board micro SD card
any cracks leading to the emergency braking protocol being
reader is accessible through the SD Library. The working
executed.
with this library, SS is on Pin 4. The original revision of the
shield contained a full-sized SD card slot; this card slot is
ARDUINO BOARD: not supported. The shield also includes a reset controller.
This is to ensure that the W5100 Ethernet module is
properly reset on power-up. Previous revisions of the shield
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International Engineering Journal For Research & Development Vol.3
Issue 2
were not compatible with the Mega and hence need to be
manually reset after power-up. Christo Ananth et al. [5] 75,000 – 1, 00,000 per train, would be fitted in about 100
discussed about a system, GSM based AMR has low trains, which may help avert collisions and avoid loss of
infrastructure cost and it reduces man power. The system is lives. In effect, trains in future will be aware of each
fully automatic, hence the probability of error is reduced. other’s location, and start breaking, in case of danger
The data is highly secured and it not only solve the problem ahead.
of traditional meter reading system but also provides
additional features such as power disconnection,
reconnection and the concept of power management. The
database stores the current month and also all the previous
month data for the future use. Hence the system saves a lot
amount of time and energy. Due to the power fluctuations,
there might be a damage in the home appliances. Hence to
avoid such damages and to protect the appliances, the INTEGRATION OF POWER RELAYS
voltage controlling method can be implemented.
AND ARDUINO BOARD:
ARDUINO ETHERNET SHEILD II Power relay supply low volt high ampere current (which is
same as range of battery) through tracks. If any removal of
fish plates or cracks occurs the signal passing through the
tracks gets halted .In that case power relay gets a message
that no more signals are passing further. Then Arduino
board which is fitted in the control room of the each train,
receive signals from the power relays and halt the train
according to the program that has been designed in the
board.
GPS MODULE:
Global Positioning System (GPS) sensors are receivers with
antennas that use a satellite-based navigation system with a
network of 24 satellites in orbit around the earth to provide
position, velocity, and timing information. Receiver position
is calculated from the position of satellites and the distances
to them. Distance is calculated from the time a radio signal
travels between satellite andreceiver. Indian Railways have
made an announcement that the trains maysoon get real-
time GPS tracking systemto avoidaccidents. According to
thesources, the real time GPStracking system will be
integrated with Google Maps so that it will be accessible
through range of mobile devices & computers. GPS WITH ARDUINO:
The technology arm of the Indian Railways, the Centre for The GPS navigates the direction of each train, and sense the
Railway Information Systems (CRIS), has developed a location of surrounding train. If the two trains travel on
GPS-based solution with help of Indian Space Research same meridians (same longitudinal and latitudinal direction)
Organization (ISRO), which can provide exact location of a collisions may occur. To prevent such cases the GPS senses
train with an accuracy of 10metres, and latency of 2 and pass the information to the Arduino board interfaced
minutes, on a real-time basis. As per reports, the price of with it. A program is pre-programmed in the Arduino board
GPS devices will be approximately Rs
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International Engineering Journal For Research & Development Vol.3
Issue 2
which neither makes the train choose another path nor halt
SomprakashBandhopadhyay, Pradeep Ghosh, Anural D ,’GPS
the train. based Vehicular Collision Warning System using IEEE 802.15.4
MAC/PHY Standard’.B
Christo Ananth, S.Shafiqa Shalaysha, M.Vaishnavi, J.Sasi
Rabiyathul Sabena, A.P.L.Sangeetha, M.Santhi,
“Realtime Monitoring Of Cardiac Patients At Distance Using
Tarang Communication”, International Journal of Innovative
Research in Engineering & Science (IJIRES), Volume 9, Issue
3,September 2014,pp-15-20
Christo Ananth, G.Poncelina, M.Poolammal, S.Priyanka,
M.Rakshana, Praghash.K. “GSM Based AMR”, International
Journal of Advanced Research in Biology, Ecology, Science and
EXAMPLE OF PROGRAM DESINGED FOR
GPS INTERFACED ARDUINO Technology (IJARBEST), Volume 1,Issue 4,July 2015, pp:26-28
[6]K. Vijayakumar, S.R. Wylie, J.
D. Cullen, C.C. Wright, and A.I. AIShamma’a, “Noninvasive rail
track detection system using Microwave sensor”, Journal of App.
Phi., 2009.
M.Cacciola, G. Megalith, D. Pelican, Calcagno, M. Versace, and
F. C. Moabite, “Rotating Electromagnetic Field for Crack
Detection in Railway Tracks", PIERS ONLINE, Vol. 6, NO. 3,
2010
Wojnarowski, Robert John Welles, Kenneth BrakeleyKornrumpf,
and William Paul, "Electromagnetic system for railroad track crack
detection and traction enhancement
T.Dhanabalu, S.Sugumar, S.Suryaprakash, A.VijayAnand “Sensor
based identification system for Train Collision Avoidance”, in
IEEE Sponsored 2nd International Conference on Innovations in
Information Embedded and Communication Systems,2015,p.no.1-
2.
S.Gautam, S.Nemade, T.Sakla "Simulation of an anti-collision
system on same track for railways", in International Journal of
FUTURE ENHANCEMENT Engineering and Technology, Vol. 2(9), 2010, pp.4832-4837.
The Paper has a very vast scope in future. The proposed system Arup, Sarthe. S, KM.Martin, Madhukumar.S "an efficient train
can be further upgraded in future to make a centralised control anti-collision system using LEO two way satellite
system for all trains. Prediction algorithm can also be launched in communication”. “A concept for reducing railway accidents”, H
the system to prevent collisions. Ben Brown, Jr. Gregg Ponder, Mel Siegel, February, 2005.
CONCLUSION
The main intension of the project is to prevent train collisions. By
using this project many human lives can be saved. This project can
work in any atmospheric conditions. Without any human
involvement the trains will automatically stops. Through this
innovative technique of early sensing of any possible collision
scenario and avoiding it thereof, we demonstrate that it is a
possible way to improve the overall safety of the railway system in
India. We believe that success depends on both the railway
industry.
REFERENCES
Wheeler, “Commercial Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks
using ZigBee”, IEEE Communications
Magazine, April 2007.
http://www.ikalogic.com/ir_prox_sensors.php
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