3 New Zealand

Guidelines for
Gas Cylinder Safety
For the latest version visit www.boc.co.nz
02 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety

Contents.

04 Introduction.

05 Know your gases.

11 About your cylinders and valves.

16 Ordering, transport and handling of cylinders.

23 Storing your cylinders safely.

25 Care of cylinders.

27 Working with gas cylinders.

31 Keeping your equipment safe.

32 If something goes wrong.

35 Keeping your environment safe.

38 Glossary.
 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety 03

BOC is committed to practising and communicating

safe operations around the world as part of its
commitment to robust product stewardship.

It is as important for BOC to impart safe working methodologies to customers and suppliers
as it is to have clear, established and measurable performance standards practised by all
BOC plants, depots and distributors – regardless of plant, product or service.

BOC has:
• Safety as its highest priority.
• One simple goal: zero incidents and injuries.
• Well-established programmes to drive improvement in SHEQ (Safety, Health,
Environment, Quality) performance.
04 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety

Introduction.

Many people across a wide range of industries, including Scope of these guidelines
manufacturing/maintenance, medical, hospitality, science and
These guidelines cover compressed and liquefiable gas cylinders as
education use gases from compressed gas cylinders. The pressure at
shown on the ‘Gas cylinder colour identification‘ on pages 8–10.
which gases are contained in gas cylinders can be extremely high.
Continual advances in cylinder technology will enable pressures to be Please note that the identification of the gas contents of any cylinder
increased even further. is given by the label on the cylinder and is qualified by the colour(s) of
the cylinder, and the cylinder valve outlet.
To maintain and continue to improve the current safety record for the
use of these cylinders, increased knowledge and understanding of the These guidelines touch on toxic gases (e.g. Ammonia which is used
DO’s and DON’Ts is essential. as a refrigerant) but do not cover these gases in detail as these are
considered generally the domain of special gases.
For new users of gas cylinders, it is essential that they receive
adequate training and guidance prior to use.
Legislation and standards
These guidelines distill the experience and knowledge of various
This gas cylinder information booklet is intended as a guide. Product
experts in an effort to provide guidance for safer handling of
users should also refer to relevant legislation, regulations, codes of
gas cylinders.
practice and New Zealand/Australian Standards.
They focus on a number of known issues and on situations where the
BOC is committed to promoting the safe handling of gases wherever
same or similar incidents have reoccurred.
possible and hopes that this document will serve as an educational
Every possible issue or occurrence can neither be anticipated tool outlining the potential hazards of working with gases as well as
nor covered. promoting safer practices around their use, handling and transport.
If in doubt, call BOC on 0800 111 333 in situations or occurrences that
fall outside guidelines.

It is recommended this document be kept for handy reference by every:

• Manager
• Engineer
• Foreman
• Tradeperson
• Storeperson
• Operator
• OHS personnel
 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety 05

Know your gases.

Main gases hazard classifications

Oxidising Gas Flammable Gas Toxic Gas Non-flammable, non-toxic Gas

Division Diamonds
Division 5.1 Division 2.1 Division 2.3 Division 2.2

Diamond: Yellow Diamond: Red Diamond: White Diamond: Green

OXIDISING Lettering: Black Lettering: Black Lettering: Black Lettering: Black or
SUBSTANCES or White White

New Zealand/Australian Standards Definition

A gas which gives up oxygen readily, A gas which will burn in air at a pressure A gas that is known to be A gas which is non-flammable, non-toxic,
removes hydrogen from a compound, or of 101.3 KPa absolute. a t oxic or corrosive to humans as to pose non-oxidising, and is resistant to chemical
readily accepts electrons. a hazard to health; or action under normally encountered
conditions.
b p
 resumed to be toxic or corrosive to
humans because it has an LC 50 value
equal to or less than 5000 ml/m3 (ppm).

General Definition
Many materials which will not burn in Flammable gas in the presence of the A gas that is known to be so toxic or A gas which is non-flammable, non-toxic,
air may readily ignite and or burn in correct mix of air and an ignition source corrosive to humans as to pose a hazard non-oxidising, and is resistant to chemical
the presence of an oxidising gas – e.g. will lead to combustion. to health. action under normally encountered
oxygen. This includes work clothing conditions. The displacement of oxygen
and many materials considered non or air by an inert gas may pose a risk of
flammable. asphyxiation.

Cylinder Colour Identification

Hues of Black, White, or bright Blue Hues of Red Hues of Yellow Hues of Brown, Green or dark Blue

Associated risks and hazards of handling gases Additional information

Since gases are invisible their presence is not readily identifiable, but In the interests of personal safety, customers MUST familiarise
themselves with the respective SDS and gas equipment
they do have the potential to asphyxiate, burn or harm users. operating manuals.
An important part of the label is the Division (Class) Diamond which
Copies of current SDSs for each of the gases stored and used must
represents the characteristics of the gas (see above).
be collated and kept in a convenient location for quick reference in
Each year, there are incidents which involve the use of compressed or relation to:
liquefied gases.
• Storage
Many of these could have been avoided if the user had followed
• Handling
information contained in the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) or had referenced
this document or other similar freely available information. • Transport issues
• Personal Protective Equipment
Label
• Incident response
The cylinder label is the primary means for identifying the contents
of a gas cylinder and the nature and hazards associated with the gas SDSs for BOC gas products are available from www.boc.co.nz or by
contained in the cylinder (see next page). contacting BOC on 0800 111 333.

DO NOT use a gas cylinder if the label is missing or illegible, or if the

heat tag has been damaged. Return it to BOC or the agent/outlet you
purchased it from for a satisfactory replacement.

Cylinder colour
The cylinder colour is the secondary means for identifying the nature
and hazards associated with the gas contained in the cylinder.
06 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety

BOC cylinder and pack identification label.

BOC cylinder label

1 Dangerous Goods Classification

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1
2 C ontents of cylinder at standard temperature
and pressure (15°C @ 101.3 kPa)
3 BOC Cylinder size
4 
United Nations numbering system for safe
handling, transport and storage
NO
CO N-
M FLA
5 Gas name and grade
PR M ER ER
ND

G
ES M IZ
SE AB
D LE OX SU
GA E LL
OX
ID 6 
Nominal filling pressure at standard conditions
GA
S YGE NT
A
CO TORE
I NS N W
I
(for permanent gas)
2
U
NN N GAS COD
WARNING: | OX
IDIS
ER
|
EA
S
ND OM
5
o E FIRE | US AY FR
NE 107 100 MAY CAUSE O
R INTE
NSIFY TE D
H E A E EP A
W
E VE T
O 7 Caution – indicated major hazards*
TC
ON
2 PRESSURE | M
AY E X PLOD
E IF
O SM
O K I N G|K LV
VA MO 33
3
TE HAZ
CHEM VENTILLATED A
R EA | N
A L E ON D R E 01
11
8 General safety information*
I S 0
NT
S 2[S] COMBUSTIBLE
MA T E R
G H N RE A
,P
AL
E h0
8
8.1 IL OR 11 | IF IN ENTIOealand *Always refer to Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
OW O
m3 DO NOT ALL E CALL 1 AL ATT , New Z
FI R C
IN CASE OF EEK MEDI , Aucklan
d
PRE
S
FRESH AIR - h Rd, Penros
SSU e
RE
17200 t Sout
kPa BOC Ltd 988 G

Hazard Manpack identification label

identification (gas code & serial number)
label

NON
COM -FLA
PRE MMA ER
SSE DIZ
BLE
D OXI
GAS
2 5

NON
COM -FLA
PRE MMA ER
SSE DIZ
BLE
D OXI
GAS
2 5

NO
CO N-F
MP LAM R
RES MA ZE
SED BLE IDI
GA OX
S
2 5

Labels vary in shape, size and their positioning on cylinders and packs.
 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety 07

Primary hazards for commonly used industrial gases

Major Hazard Gas Cylinder Colour Characteristics

Asphyxiant Carbon Dioxide Silver No. N24 • Slightly pungent (can cause the nose to sting)
• Heavier than air and will collect in ducts, drains and low lying areas,
e.g. cellars
• At high concentrations, instant unconsciousness may occur followed
by death

Asphyxiant Nitrogen • Odourless

Pewter No. N63
• At high concentrations almost instant unconsciousness may occur,
followed by death
• No warning signs before unconsciousness occurs
• Cold Nitrogen is heavier than air
• Does not burn
• Largely Inert.
Asphyxiant Argon • Odourless
Peacock Blue No. T53
• At high concentrations almost instant unconsciousness may occur,
followed by death
• No warning signs before unconsciousness occurs
• Argon is heavier than air
• Does not burn
• Inert
Asphyxiant Helium • Odourless
Middle Brown No. X54
• At high concentrations, instant unconsciousness may occur, followed by
death. DO NOT INHALE UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES.
• No warning signs before unconsciousness occurs
• Lighter than air
• Does not burn
• Inert
Flammable LPG Silver No. N24 • ‘Stenched’ (odourised) and has a distinctive odour
or Galvanised
Extremely hazardous • Will ignite and burn instantly from a spark or piece of hot metal
• Heavier than air and will collect in ducts, drains etc., and low lying areas
• Fire and explosion hazard
• Highly flammable
• Eliminate all ignition sources

Flammable Acetylene Maroon No. R65 • Distinctive garlic smell

Extremely hazardous • Fire and explosion hazards are greater than LPG but it is slightly lighter
than air and less likely to collect in ducts and drains
• Requires minimal energy to ignite in air or oxygen
• DO NOT use with copper or high copper brass alloys because copper
materials form explosive compounds with Acetylene

Flammable Hydrogen Signal Red No. R13 • Odourless

Extremely hazardous • Much lighter than air and will collect at the highest point in any enclosed
space unless ventilated at high level
• Fire and explosion hazard
• Very low ignition energy
• Burns with an invisible flame

Oxidising Oxygen Black No. N61 • Odourless

Strongly supports and • Generally considered non-toxic at atmospheric pressure
accelerates a flame or fire • Will not burn, but supports and accelerates combustion
• Materials not normally considered combustible may be ignited by sparks
in oxygen rich atmospheres
• No oil, grease or lubricants should come into contact with oxygen

Images above are intended for illustration purposes only. They neither reflect the size or shape of the cylinders, nor show the cylinder valve or guard (where fitted).
This lists identifies primary hazards only. Other hazards may apply.
Colour names refer to AS 2700.
08 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety

Gas cylinder colour identification.

Industrial Gases 3
Acetylene Air Dry Argon Carbon Dioxide Helium
Industrial Grade 120 Industrial Grade 108 Welding Grade 130 Industrial Grade 169 Technical Grade 179

Neck & Shoulder: Black

Neck, Shoulder & Body: Maroon Neck, Shoulder & Body: Peacock Blue Neck, Shoulder & Body: Silver Neck, Shoulder & Body: Middle Brown
Body: Pewter

Hydrogen  Nitrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Oxygen

Industrial Grade 141 O2 Free Grade 152 Aviation Grade 158 Aviation Grade 103 Industrial Grade 100

Neck: White Neck: White
Neck, Shoulder & Body: Signal Red Neck, Shoulder & Body: Pewter Neck, Shoulder & Body: Black
Shoulder & Body: Pewter Shoulder & Body: Black

Shielding Gases 3
ALUSHIELD® Light 506 ARGOPLAS® 35 134 ARGOSHIELD® MCW 516 ARGOSHIELD® Light 500 Carbon Dioxide
ALUSHIELD® Universal 507 STAINSHIELD® TIG 510 SPECSHIELD® FCW 512 ARGOSHIELD® Universal 501 Laser Grade 131
ALUSHIELD® Heavy 508 STAINSHIELD® TIG Plus 230 STAINSHIELD® MIG 509 ARGOSHIELD® Heavy 502

Band: Middle Brown Neck & Shoulder: Signal Red Neck & Shoulder: Silver Neck: Black, Shoulder: Silver
Neck, Shoulder & Body: French Grey
Body: Peacock Blue Body: Peacock Blue Body: Peacock Blue Body: Peacock Blue

FORMIER 5 251 LASERMIX 331 380 LASERMIX N 301 SPECSHIELD® Multi 511 STAINSHIELD® Light 503
STAINSHIELD® Universal 504
STAINSHIELD® Heavy 505

Neck & Shoulder: Signal Red Neck: French Grey, Shoulder: Pewter Neck: Silver, Shoulder: Middle Brown Neck & Shoulder: Black Neck: Silver, Shoulder: Middle Brown
Body: Pewter Body: Middle Brown Body: French Grey Body: Peacock Blue Body: Peacock Blue

Instrument Grade/Zero Grade 3

Acetylene Air Argon Carbon Dioxide Helium
Instrument Grade 010 Instrument Grade 011 Instrument Grade 012 Instrument Grade 013 Instrument Grade 014
Zero Grade 801 Zero Grade 021 Zero Grade 023
Ultra Zero Grade 026

Neck: Light Blue Neck: Light Blue, Shoulder: Black Neck: Light Blue Neck: Light Blue, Neck: Light Blue
Shoulder & Body: Maroon Body: Pewter Shoulder & Body: Peacock Blue Shoulder & Body: Silver Shoulder & Body: Middle Brown
 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety 09

High Purity Gases3

Hydrogen  Nitrogen Nitrous Oxide Oxygen Helium
Instrument Grade 015 Instrument Grade 016 Instrument Grade 017 Instrument Grade 018 Ultra High Purity 220
Zero Grade 802

Neck: Light Blue Neck: Light Blue Neck: Light Blue Neck: Light Blue

Neck, Shoulder & Body: Middle Brown
Shoulder & Body: Signal Red Shoulder & Body: Pewter Shoulder & Body: Royal Blue Shoulder & Body: Black

Hydrogen  Methane Methane Nitrogen Oxygen

Ultra High Purity 240 Ultra High Purity 149 D Size Cylinder 149D Ultra High Purity 234 High Purity 024
Ultra High Purity 224

Neck & Shoulder: Signal Red Neck & Shoulder: Green

Neck, Shoulder & Body: Signal Red Neck, Shoulder & Body: Pewter Neck, Shoulder & Body: Black
Body: Silver Body: Signal Red

Gas Mixtures 3 Special Gases 3

Flammable Inert Poison/Flammable Poison/Non-Flammable Carbon Monoxide  311

Neck & Shoulder: Signal Red Neck & Shoulder: Green Neck & Shoulder: Yellow Neck & Shoulder: White Neck & Shoulder: Yellow
Body: Light Blue Body: Light Blue Body: Light Blue Body: Light Blue Body: Signal Red

Ethylene 090 FLORAGAS® 211 HEALTHIZONE 215 INSECTIGAS® 188 Nitrous Oxide
PERMIGAS® 122 Automotive Grade 191
PESTIGAS® 113

Neck & Shoulder: Green Neck & Shoulder: Pink Neck & Shoulder: Yellow

Neck, Shoulder & Body: Purple Body: Royal Blue
Body: Silver Body: Silver Body: Silver

Hospitality Gases 3
P10 Ultra 027 Ripening Gas 6 092 VAPORMATE® 279 Argon Carbon Dioxide
FOOD FRESH 274 FOOD FRESH 214

Neck & Shoulder: Signal Red Neck & Shoulder: Purple Neck & Shoulder: Signal Red Neck & Shoulder: Lime Green Neck & Shoulder: Lime Green
Body: Peacock Blue Body: Light Blue Body: French Grey Body: Peacock Blue Body: Silver
10 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety

Carbon Dioxide CELLAMIX® 20 320 FOOD FRESH 30 270 FOOD FRESH 50 271 FOOD FRESH
FRESH PAK 245 CELLAMIX® 30 093 FOOD FRESH 70 273 High Oxygen 272
CELLAMIX® 60 096
CELLAMIX® 80 138

Neck: Light Blue, Shoulder: Lime Green Neck: Pewter, Shoulder: Lime Green Neck: Lime Green Neck: Lime Green Neck: Lime Green
Body: Silver Body: Silver Shoulder: Silver, Body: Pewter Shoulder: Pewter, Body: Silver Shoulder: Silver, Body: Black

Medical Gases 3
Nitrogen Nitrous Oxide Oxygen Air CARBOGEN
FOOD FRESH 157 FOOD FRESH 263 FOOD FRESH 101 Medical Grade 184 Medical Grade 181
Available in ManPak only

Neck & Shoulder: Lime Green Neck & Shoulder: Lime Green Neck & Shoulder: Lime Green Neck & Shoulder: Black & White Neck & Shoulder: French Grey & White
Body: Pewter Body: Royal Blue Body: Black Body: White Body: White

Carbon Dioxide ENTONOX® HELIOX Helium Inhaled Nitric Oxide

Medical Grade 197 Medical Grade 182 Medical Grade 655 Medical Grade Medical Grade 645 

Neck & Shoulder: French Grey Neck & Shoulder: Royal Blue & White Neck & Shoulder: Middle Brown & White Neck & Shoulder: Middle Brown Neck & Shoulder: Black & Yellow
Body: White Body: White Body: White Body: White Body: White

Refrigeration Gases 3 Balloon Gas 3

INHALO® Nitrous Oxide Oxygen R744 Carbon Dioxide Balloon Gas 176
Medical Grade Medical Grade 190 Medical Grade 180 0344GE

Neck & Shoulder: Royal Blue Neck & Shoulder: Purple Neck & Shoulder: Pewter
Neck, Shoulder & Body: White Neck, Shoulder & Body: White
Body: White Body: French Grey Body: Middle Brown

Other 3 Liquid Withdrawal 3

Ammonia 178 LPG LPG Sulphur Dioxide 172 Liquid Withdrawal cylinders have
an indicating black line down the side
Industrial Grade 170 Liquid Withdrawal 170 of the body
Forklift 174

Neck & Shoulder: Forest Green Neck & Shoulder: Yellow

Neck, Shoulder & Body: Galvanised Neck, Shoulder & Body: Galvanised
Body: Galvanised Body: White

Notes
1. C olour names refer to AS 2700
2. T he colour coding/colours of cylinders filled in New Zealand comply with AS 4484,
colours of imported cylinders may differ.
3. Cylinder valves or guards not shown, except for Valve Protection Rings.
4. Images above are intended for illustrative purposes only. They neither reflect the
size or shape of the cylinders.
 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety 11

About your cylinders and valves.

High Pressure Cylinders
1.50m

1.25m

1.00m

0.75m

0.50m

G GM
0.25m
J F E2 D D2 A
G2 GS
Image is for illustrative purposes only.

Design and construction of gas cylinders

BOC gas cylinders are designed and constructed in accordance with
International and New Zealand/Australian Standards as applicable.
These Standards define the cylinders':

• Material
1
• Method of manufacture
• Test pressure
• Maximum permissible filled pressure and
• Method of periodic inspection

Compressed gas cylinder sizes

Single cylinders
BOC offers a wide range of single high pressure cylinders suitable for
Manifolded Cylinder Pack
small volumes of gas, available in many sizes and pressures.
1 Contents Pressure Indicator
BOC cylinder sizes are denoted by a letter code. The gas content of
cylinders is measured in cubic metres, litres or kilograms. If volume
NEVER remove individual cylinders from Manifolded Cylinder Packs.
unit is given, it refers to standard temperature of 15°C and pressure of
101.3kPa. These are designed and supplied as integral units with gas content
labels to suit. Removal of individual cylinders renders the label contents
Not all cylinder sizes shown are available for each product, please
incorrect and may have safety implications.
consult BOC on 0800 111 333 for details.

Manifolded Cylinder Pack (MCP, Pack or Bundle) Maintenance and testing of gas cylinders
Cylinders are normally used individually or collectively. A Manifolded In most cases BOC is the owner of the cylinder. As the owner, BOC is
Cylinder Pack describes cylinders used collectively, interconnected by responsible for complying with the statutory requirements relating to
a manifold – a portable frame. These are often bundled in packs of 6 or maintenance and periodic testing of cylinders.
15 cylinders for onshore products and 16 or 64 cylinders for offshore
The Hazardous Substances (Compressed Gases) Regulations Act 2004
products. Collective use of cylinders is necessary for customers who
details the statutory requirements in respect to design, manufacture,
require larger quantities of gas.
inspection and filling.
Where customers do not have adequate handling facilities for on and
off loading from the delivery vehicle, BOC can deliver on vehicles with
suitable manual handling equipment.
12 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety

Low Pressure Cylinders

1.25m

Acetylene Cylinders
1.00m 1.00m

0.75m 0.75m

0.50m 0.50m

S FS ET
0.25m
G F D A
0.25m

FT
Image is for illustrative purposes only.

Cylinder contents identification

All BOC cylinders are labelled in accordance with the requirements of
the Land Transport Rule: Dangerous Goods for transport of dangerous
goods by road and rail.

Cylinders should also be labelled in accordance with HSNO requirements

which are detailed in the Labelling of Hazardous Substances Approved
Code of Practice HSNO CoP 10-1 08-07.

Cylinder labels identify the gas contents of the cylinder and provide
basic safety information (see page 6).

NEVER use any cylinder or pack unless it is clearly labelled and can be
positively identified.

NEVER repaint or obscure a cylinder label, even if the cylinder is

rusty, dirty or damaged. This can result in unsafe situations.

NEVER apply any unauthorised labels or markings to cylinders, unless

advised by BOC to identify faulty cylinders.
 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety 13

Permanent gas seamless cylinder (Oxygen) Welded steel cylinder (Acetylene) Welded aluminium cylinder

Markings on a Permanent Gas Markings on Welded Steel Cylinders Markings on Welded Aluminium Cylinder
Seamless Cylinder • Owner Stamp Mark • Owner Stamp Mark
• Owner Stamp Mark • Acetylene or C2H2 Stamp Mark • Empty weight & Tare weight
• Weight • Weight empty with mass embossed by BOC • Serial No.
• Serial No. • Serial No. • Test pressure of shell
• Test pressure of shell • Test pressure of shell • Manufacturer’s stamp
• Manufacturer’s stamp • Manufacturer’s stamp • Test date (retest date)
• Test date (retest date) • Test date (retest date) • Specification
• Specification • Porous mass manufacturer/type • Water capacity
• Water capacity • BOC – Inspector’s approval stamp
• Water capacity

Typical permanent identification marks on cylinders

For seamless cylinders, permanent identification markings are usually
4
found on the shoulder or base of the cylinders. For fabricated cylinders,
markings are found on the valve protection ring (VPR).

It is dangerous to change the contents or external colour of a cylinder Typical single stage regulator
1 3 2
NEVER change a cylinder’s contents from what was otherwise 1 Regulator Outlet Connection
intended 2 Cylinder Valve
3 Inlet Spigot (regulator)
NEVER repaint a cylinder 4 Regulator Multi-Spanner (Inlet Spigot)
NEVER change a cylinder’s markings or identification
Important note:
Shut off the valve and remove the regulator when the cylinder is not in use.
Cylinder valves
All BOC cylinders are fitted with a valve. The valve MUST NOT be
tampered with or removed by anyone other than a BOC certified
Gas Cylinder Test Station.

Removing fittings under pressure may result in serious personal

injury as fittings may be ejected at high velocity.

Each valve outlet is specially threaded to receive commercially available

pressure regulators. They can be obtained from BOC Gas & Gear centres
and agents.

Regulators are first screwed to the cylinder valve outlet by hand and
then tightened using the regulator multi-spanner (inlet spigot).
14 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety

DO NOT connect incompatible regulators; this could lead to valve and

regulator thread damage, and an uncontrolled release of gas.

DO NOT over-tighten or use excessive force to connect equipment.

DO call BOC for a replacement cylinder if the regulator does not

connect properly.

Operating a cylinder valve

OPEN by turning the handwheel or cylinder valve key anti-clockwise.
Only use reasonable force.

Valve Guard Valve Protection Cap Valve Protection Ring CLOSE by turning the handwheel or cylinder valve key clockwise. Only
use reasonable force.
Valve guards, valve protection caps and valve protection rings
NEVER use force when opening or closing valves.
Some cylinders are fitted with valve guards or valve protection caps.
When in use, cylinder valves used in the fully open position may
DO NOT remove valve guards or valve protection rings. become stuck in this open position. To prevent this ensure that the
handwheel or cylinder valve key is turned back half a turn.
DO replace valve protection caps whenever the cylinder is not
secured or not in use.

DO return your cylinder to BOC with the valve in the closed position
and with the protection cap on (refer to Opening or Closing cylinder
valves).

Valve outlets threaded

For safety reasons, flammable gases and non-flammable gases have
their cylinder valve outlets threaded opposite hand. This prevents the
connection of the incorrect regulator to cylinder valve outlets.

Valve outlets for flammable gases are Open Close

screwed LEFT-HAND (anti-clockwise
In the case of a key operated cylinder valve, turn the rectangular key
to tighten). Identifiable by its notched
ANTICLOCKWISE using the cylinder valve key (see below). Cylinder valve
appearance or 'LH' marking near the
keys are available from BOC Gas & Gear centres.
valve outlet.
Nearly all cylinder valves are fitted with and operated by handwheels
Cylinders containing flammable gases
so the need for a cylinder valve key is rare.
like acetylene, hydrogen, propane and
mixtures containing fuel gas all have
left‑hand threads.
Left-hand thread – Notched

Valve outlets for non-flammable gases

are screwed RIGHT-HAND (clockwise
to tighten).

Cylinders containing non-flammable/

Cylinder valve key Turn anticlockwise to open key
non-toxic gases all have conventional operative valve. (Close not shown).
right-hand threads. Non-flammable
gases can be oxidising e.g. oxygen; or Cylinder valves with an integrated regulator (applicable currently
non‑flammable, non-toxic e.g. nitrogen, to 300 bar filled cylinders and MCPs e.g. nitrogen, shielding gases)
argon and air.
Right-hand thread – Plain
BOC cylinders are filled to a variety of pressures e.g. 137, 163, 175
The only exception to this rule are and 200 bar. The largest capacity cylinders are filled to 300 bar to
cylinders used on forklift trucks. allow more gas to be filled at a higher pressure in an equivalent sized
These cylinders have right-hand thread cylinder. Controlling the pressure within these 300 bar cylinders to
valve outlets. operating level (i.e. 200 bar or less) is an integral pressure regulator.
The cylinder valve complete with this regulator is known as a Pressure
As an additional safety precaution, in 2006 air and nitrogen cylinder Regulating Valve (PRV).
valve outlet sizes and threads were differentiated from oxygen to
BOC’s 300 bar cylinder valves come fitted with PRVs. This PRV is
prevent the:
typically set to a maximum output of 60-80 bar pressure at any given
• Incorrect connection of an oxygen cylinder to applications where an time. Therefore an existing regulator of 200 bar or less can be used with
inert gas is required. these 300 bar cylinders.
• Incorrect connection of an oxygen cylinder to applications where only As a result of the PRV, when a 200 bar regulator is fitted, the gauge on
air (21%) oxygen is required. this 200 bar regulator will only display a 60/80 bar inlet pressure even
though the cylinder has actually been filled to 300 bar.
 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety 15

Burst disc Fusible plug Pressure relief valves

The only exception to this are the Laser Manifolded Cylinder Packs will be accompanied by a high pitched noise and a jet of gas at high
(MCPs) which come fitted with a high flow rate 300 bar regulator. This speed. There are three types of commonly used pressure relief devices:
regulates the outlet of the MCP to the selected outlet pressure which is • Burst disc (most common)
adjustable from 0 to 35 bar.
• Fusible plug (e.g. acetylene)
• Pressure relief valve (e.g. LPG)

Burst disc
In the event of overpressure, this is designed to burst, leaving an open
passage for gas contents to escape completely.

e.g. Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) cylinders are fitted with a burst disc which
operates at approximately 207 bar and is fitted on the cylinder valve.

Fusible plug
300 bar filled cylinder fitted with Cross section view displaying the This is designed to melt when the cylinder is exposed to high
a cylinder valve featuring an tiny integrated regulator on the
temperatures and will completely release the cylinder contents.
integrated regulator right side
e.g. Acetylene cylinders are fitted with fusible plugs which melt at
approximately 100°C.
Handy hints for identifying the cylinder contents pressure
• 300 bar MCPs have a centrally mounted pressure gauge which indicates Pressure relief valves
the MCP’s contents pressure (approx. 300 bar when full). This valve is designed to relieve excess pressure and close again after
• For cylinders the contents label indicates the pressure when full. As gas relieving the excess pressure.
is consumed, the regulator inlet pressure gauge (if fitted) will show the e.g. BOC Handigas® (LPG) cylinders are fitted with pressure relief valves
cylinder contents pressure. which operate at approximately 26 bar.
To convert from MPa/KPa/psi to bar refer to the pressure cross
reference chart in the glossary. Alternatively contact BOC on Safety tip
0800 111 333.
Cylinders can be dangerous and can release contents given the right
Note: Gauges are to be used for indication purposes only. circumstances. BOC recommends proper Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE) be worn at all times, consult your Occupational Health & Safety
Pressure relief devices officer or BOC on 0800 111 333 for further details.
Most cylinders or manifolded cylinder packs are fitted with a relief Storage guidelines appropriate to the gas specified must be adhered
device. In a situation where excess pressure is encountered, this is to. In the event your cylinder activates any of these devices contact
designed to discharge cylinder contents either completely or only Emergency Services on 111 and then BOC on 0800 111 333.
discharge the excess pressure. Discharge of a pressure relief device
16 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety

Ordering, transport and handling of cylinders.

Vehicle explosion caused by a leaking flammable gas cylinder Damage from inappropriately stored and unrestrained cylinders in a vehicle,
which  stopped suddenly. Please note: Image is for illustrative purposes only. Cylinder
colours do not comply with New Zealand Standards.

Ordering gas • If you are transporting cylinders containing flammable gases inside a
trade vehicle, you should:
Take care when ordering gas. Specify the:
–– Keep the cylinder in a purpose built sealed compartment or cabinet
• Gas name (in full) that provides adequate ventilation of any leaking gas to the outside
• BOC account number (Ship to or delivery account) of the vehicle.
• BOC Gas Code –– A side-mounted sealed compartment with its own door, externally
• Cylinder Size accessed and ventilated to the outside of the vehicle is best
practice.
For example:
• DO arrange for delivery of cylinders. This is the safest option. Goods
Gas Specifics Example (Oxygen) delivered by BOC will be loaded, restrained, transported and off loaded
Gas Name Compressed Industrial Oxygen in accordance with legislative requirements.

Grade (purity) 99.5% If you must transport cylinders yourself:

BOC Gas Code 020 • DO find out about transporting cylinders prior to your purchase.
BOC Cylinder Size Code G Confirm the requirements for the transportation and handling of
goods being collected with BOC’s Customer Service Centre prior to
making collection.
Receipt of cylinders
• DO transport cylinders in an open vehicle. BOC does not condone the
• Many gases cannot be seen; so the primary means of identification of
transport or storage of flammable gas (e.g. Acetylene, LPG) cylinders
a cylinder’s contents is the label.
in enclosed vehicles (unless the vehicle is fitted with a purpose built
• Only gas cylinders with clearly legible shoulder or body labels are to sealed compartment that provides adequate ventilation of any leaking
be used. gas to the outside of the vehicle). There have been several violent
vehicle explosions as a result of transporting and storing flammable gas
• If this is not the case, do not accept it but make arrangements to return
cylinders in enclosed vehicles. Fatalities have occurred.
and replace the cylinder.
• DO transport cylinders properly restrained and in an upright position.
• Also check that what you ordered is what is stated on the label and
Cylinders and cylinder packs are heavy and need to be properly loaded
clearly sign the delivery docket.
and restrained prior to despatch to prevent them working loose and
becoming a hazard to others.
Transportation
• DO close the cylinder valve and disconnect regulators or equipment
When transporting small gas cylinders in a vehicle, VENTILATION is the
(e.g. hoses and torch) prior to transport.
key to reducing the risk of a fire, explosion and/or asphyxiation.
• DO regularly check for leaks.
• DO use an open vehicle such as a utility, as this provides the best
ventilation and avoids the risks of gas accumulation. • DO remove cylinders from the vehicle immediately upon arrival at
your destination.

• DO check that cylinders are properly labelled and have not been
tampered with.
 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety 17

OXIDISING
SUBSTANCES

The Dangerous Goods Division (Class) is normally clearly marked on the

product label

Risks - Dangerous Goods Divisions

• Division 2.1 Flammables (e.g. Acetylene, Ethylene, Hydrogen,
LPG) – may cause flammable or explosive atmospheres in the vehicle
compartment.

• Division 2.2 Inerts (e.g. Nitrogen, Argon, Shielding Gases) –

may cause an asphyxiating atmosphere leading to drowsiness,
unconsciousness and death.

• Division 2.3 Toxic (e.g. Sulphur Dioxide) may lead to a toxic

Example of correct positioning and restraining of gas cylinders atmosphere which is hazardous to health by breathing and/or
skin contact.

• Division 5.1 Oxidising (e.g. Oxygen, Nitrous Oxide) – may cause some
materials to easily ignite (e.g. oil) and will increase intensity of a fire.
Transporting gas cylinders • Division 9 – Dry Ice (Solid CO2) and Division 2.2 Refrigerated Liquids
For information regarding the transport of medical cylinders please (e.g. Nitrogen, Argon, Oxygen) – evaporate to large volumes of inert
contact BOC on 0800 111 333. gas (see Division 2.2 Inerts).
Note: The Dangerous Goods Division (Class) is normally clearly marked on the
Hazards product label.

Compressed and liquefied gases are potentially hazardous for the The above information is sourced from the brochure Transporting gas cylinders
or cryogenic liquid receptacles in vehicles and is reproduced with the permission
following reasons: of ANZIGA.

• Some gases are very flammable and a leakage can create an explosive
atmosphere in an enclosed vehicle. Carrying a load safely
• Oxygen enrichment causes material to ignite easily and will increase Choosing a vehicle wisely
the intensity of a fire. Any oxidizing gas, e.g. Nitrous Oxide (laughing The vehicle must be suitable for the size and type of load.
gas) has similar properties.
The vehicle must be equipped to conform to the requirements of the
• Inert (Non-Flammable/Non-Toxic) gases can cause oxygen deficiency transport of dangerous goods regulations.
and asphyxiation.
The maximum payload of the vehicle must not be exceeded.
• Toxic or corrosive gases are hazardous to health.
Positioning the load correctly
• The gas pressure is high and a ruptured cylinder or valve can cause
serious injury or damage. The load must be correctly positioned on the vehicle to maintain
its stability.
• Unsecured gas cylinders may cause injury when projected out of place
in cases of accidents or rapid traffic movements. Acetylene, LPG and Liquefied gas cylinders must always be transported
in an upright position.
• Cryogenic liquids are very cold and can cause cold skin burns and metal
brittle fracture. Cryogenic liquid vaporises to create large amounts Using suitable restraint equipment
of gas.
Unrestrained or inadequately restrained cylinders are heavy and may
• When a liquefied gas is released, it vaporises and creates large cause injury or damage to vehicles and can lead to a violent cylinder
amounts of gas. rupture in transport. When transporting cylinders always ensure they
are properly restrained to avoid movement.
• Heat may cause any safety device fitted to activate and release the gas
contents of the cylinder. Every load must be restrained to prevent unacceptable movement
during all expected conditions and operation
Information on the hazards can be found on the cylinder label, and in
the Safety Data Sheet that is freely available from BOC. The load restraint equipment and the vehicle body and attachments
must be strong enough for each type of load carried, and must be in
good working condition.
The above information is sourced from ANZIGA guideline Transporting gas cylinders and
other gas products and is reproduced with the permission of ANZIGA.
18 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety

Restraining gas cylinders for transport

in commercial or passenger vehicles
under 2.5 tonne.

Example of the potential consequences of transporting a gas cylinder within an

enclosed vehicle

General guidelines For flammable or toxic gases:

• The vehicle must have a flat bed with sides, a tailboard, and a cab
Precautions
which is separately ventilated from the load carrying area. Flammable
The safest and recommended method for transporting cylinders (e.g. gases may be carried in closed compartments separated from the driver
gas cylinders and cryogenic receptacles) is by using the transport provided there is sufficient ventilation to prevent the build-up of a
services provided by BOC. Occasionally, there may be a need to use dangerous atmosphere.
other transport methods in which case it is then essential to follow
safety instructions for full and empty cylinders: • Toxic gas cylinders should always be restrained in a well-ventilated
compartment separated from the driver.
• Restrain all cylinders from moving during transport (consider the forces
generated in a traffic accident) • When transporting toxic gas cylinders, ensure that the valve outlet cap
and protective cap are securely fitted (see page 14).
• Limit the number of cylinders to be transported.
• Flat bed vehicles without sides must not be used, except where the
• Use open vehicles or trailers in preference to any enclosed vehicles or cylinders are conveyed in approved pallets.
trailers. DO NOT cover the gas cylinders with a tarpaulin.
• Vehicles conveying drums over 300 kg need not have sides provided
• Ensure that the contents label on the cylinder can be clearly read.
the drums are chocked, roped and sheeted.
• NEVER drop cylinders or submit them to shock. This is an extremely
• NEVER transport flammable gas cylinders lying down.
hazardous practice which may result in serious injury.
• Where possible, use mechanical lifting devices and trolleys to move
cylinders.
• Wear safety shoes or boots, safety glasses or goggles, and leather
protective gloves when handling cylinders.
• Smoking is strictly forbidden when loading, transporting, and unloading
any gas cylinder.
The above information is sourced from the brochure Transporting gas cylinders
or cryogenic liquid receptacles in vehicles and is reproduced with the permission
of ANZIGA.

For non-flammable, non-toxic gas loads:

• An open vehicle with sides is preferable.

• Panel vans and pantechs may be used provided the driver’s cab is
separate from the load carrying area. This means that the driver’s cab
and load carrying areas are separately ventilated.
 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety 19

DO NOT carry loose gas cylinders in the rear DO NOT place cylinders on seats Purpose built sealed compartment

Enclosed vehicles Enclosed vehicles used to continually transport gas cylinders

Ventilation is the key to reducing the risk of a fire or explosion. When cylinders are continually transported in enclosed vehicles
(such as ambulances, service vans with welding equipment, etc.) the
Trades vehicles following is recommended:
• Use an open vehicle such as a utility as this provides the best
• A permanent system should be in place to secure the gas cylinders (and
ventilation and avoids the risks of gas accumulation.
cryogenic liquid receptacles);
• If you are transporting cylinders containing flammable gases inside a
• Gas cylinders should be carried in a side mounted sealed compartment
trade vehicle you should:
with its own door, ventilated externally.
–– Keep the gas cylinder in a purpose built sealed compartment or
cabinet that provides adequate ventilation of any leaking gas to the Loading a cylinder into an enclosed vehicle
outside of the vehicle;
Before loading a cylinder into an enclosed vehicle:
–– A side-mounted sealed compartment with its own door, ventilated
externally is best practice. • Tighten (do not overtighten) the cylinder valves and check that they
are properly closed;
• DO close the gas cylinder valve and disconnect the regulator, hoses and
torch prior to transport; • Check carefully for gas leakage. NEVER transport a cylinder, if a leak has
been detected during loading;
• DO regularly check for leaks from valves;
• Check that the valve outlet protection cap is fitted where required.
• DO secure the gas cylinders and keep them upright;
NEVER remove any valve protection device (if fitted) during transport;
• DO ensure the vehicle is well ventilated;
• NEVER transport gas cylinders with a regulator or any other equipment
• DO unload the cylinder from inside the vehicle immediately on reaching attached.
your destination, unless the vehicle has a purpose built sealed
compartment vented externally. When loading gas cylinders at a gas supplier’s site or shop, the
personnel responsible for the sale and/or loading the cylinders should
provide the safety instructions on loading and transport to the driver.
Passenger vehicles
DO NOT transport gas cylinders in the passenger compartment of any Gas suppliers may refuse to load certain vehicles based on their
vehicle due to the difficulty of providing appropriate load restraint. assessment of the risk associated with the product to be loaded,
the particular vehicle and the method of loading and restraining
Transporting gas cylinders inside the driver or passenger compartment the product.
of passenger cars is extremely dangerous and could cause an explosion,
The above information is sourced from the brochure Transporting gas cylinders
fire, exposure to toxic gas, or asphyxiation. or cryogenic liquid receptacles in vehicles and is reproduced with the permission
of ANZIGA.
Note: For information regarding the transport of medical cylinders
please contact BOC on 0800 111 333.
20 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety

Transporting cylinders upright Transporting cylinder lying down. (Note: NEVER transport LPG cylinders, Dissolved
Acetylene cylinders or liquefied gas cylinders lying down)

Transporting cylinders in a van • Position the cylinders with the valves facing rearwards, with the base
• DO NOT transport gas cylinders in the passenger compartment of a van blocked against the headboard or another strong part of the load.

• DO NOT carry loose gas cylinders in the rear load compartment of a van • Apply at least two tie-down straps (as shown above).
The above information is sourced from ANZIGA Guideline 4 Restraining individual gas
• Vans are only suitable for the transport of gas cylinders if they are cylinders and other gas products for transport and is reproduced with the permission
fitted with a purpose built sealed compartment or cabinet that provides of ANZIGA.
adequate ventilation of any leaking gas to the outside of the vehicle
• NEVER transport LPG cylinders, Dissolved Acetylene cylinders and
liquefied gas cylinders such as Carbon Dioxide lying down.
Transporting cylinders in utilities and box trailers
If you transport cylinders in a style-side or drop-side utility, DO NOT Emergencies and accidents
place them in the cab.
• If a gas leak occurs during the transportation of gas cylinders, where
practical, stop and park the vehicle as far away as possible from other
Transporting cylinders upright
vehicles or people. Leave the vehicle and call BOC on 0800 111 333 for
Restrain cylinders by lashing them to the vehicle body using webbing specialist advice.
straps or containing them in a purpose-built frame.
• In the event of a fire or any other emergency, call the fire brigade on
If transporting cylinders upright against a headboard: 111 and advise them of the details of your load.
• The total weight of the cylinders should not exceed 250 kg.
• Call the emergency services should the transport vehicle be involved in
• Apply at least two horizontal webbing straps, as shown above. a road accident whilst carrying cylinders and advise them of the details
Webbing straps must be at least 38 mm wide with a minimum lashing of your load, and your location.
capacity of 1000 kg.

DO NOT use the following materials for restraining cylinders:

• Elastic straps
• Rope
• Duct tape

Transporting cylinders lying down

If transporting cylinders lying down:
• Place the cylinders lengthwise on the deck.
• Place the cylinders on chocks to prevent them rolling sideways and to
provide more grip to stop them sliding.
 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety 21

Tynes

DO NOT use chains or slings to move cylinders Lift cylinder packs by forklift or by crane. Ensure cylinder valve is closed before moving or
disconnecting equipment

Lifting Manifolded Cylinder Packs (MCPs) Moving cylinders – manual risks to be aware of when
MCPs (weight 1.5 tonnes or higher) can be lifted either by crane (using
handling cylinders
the lugs located on pack) or forklift truck. It is in the customer’s interest • Always close the cylinder valve before relocating a cylinder.
to check that their vehicles and lifting devices are of adequate load
• When using a cylinder trolley to move cylinders, make sure cylinders
capacity before ordering cylinder packs. In particular that the tynes
are properly secured, and the cylinder valves are closed.
of forklifts are sufficiently long. If side access is required for forklifts,
longer than standard (1070 mm long) tynes are required, with a • NEVER transport cylinders with the pressure regulator and hose
maximum thickness of 50 mm or less. If the stirrups in any of the forklift attached unless on a purpose designed trolley or carrier complete with
tyne pockets are damaged then forklifts must not be used to lift them. webbing retainers.

• NEVER use cylinders in a storage compound. Cylinders should always be

Lifting cylinders removed from the storage compound, transported by a cylinder trolley
• Cylinders must be secured for lifting. For steel cylinders, magnets, slings (see next page) and positioned adjacent to the workstation to enable
and chains are not effective as they may slip. For aluminium cylinders, immediate access to the cylinder valve and regulator.
magnets will not work and chains may cause damage.
• Once in place, the cylinder must be secured by cylinder wall brackets,
• Cylinders, being round, are inherently difficult to secure and handle. before ancillary equipment is connected (see next page).
There is a tendency for them to slide or slip away when lifting from
their initial position (whether vertical or horizontal).

• DO NOT attempt to catch a falling cylinder. They are designed to

withstand such an impact. Let it fall and move away from the direction
of impact. Most cylinder handling injuries occur when people try to
prevent cylinders from falling.

• NEVER roll a cylinder horizontally along the ground as this may cause
the valve hand wheel to become damaged or open if the cylinder valve
handle strikes something. If the surface is rough it will damage the
coloured paintwork identification of the cylinder.

• The use of cylinder trolleys is preferable for large cylinders (>12 kg).

• NEVER lift a cylinder by the cylinder valve or valve handwheel.

22 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety

Cylinder trolley Cylinder wall brackets Cylinder bracket on welding machine

Handling gas cylinders — general safety DO NOT bear-hug cylinders to effect a lift.
DO use mechanical aids (ramps, trolleys, forklifts, scissor lifts) in DO NOT lift or lower cylinders where the operators hands are above
preference to direct manual handling of cylinders. shoulder height or below mid-thigh height.

DO remove any connected equipment (e.g. regulator) AND refit any DO NOT edge-roll cylinders up or down steps of 250 mm or higher.
supplied valve protection cap and/or valve outlet gas tight cap/plug
prior to moving cylinders. DO NOT edge-roll cylinders over discontinuous or soft surfaces.

DO ensure cylinders are properly restrained to mechanical lifting/ DO NOT edge-roll more than one cylinder at a time
handling devices prior to movement.
DO NOT attempt to catch or restrain a falling cylinder.
DO familiarise yourself with and observe appropriate safe lifting
DO NOT attempt to handle cylinders if you are fatigued, physically
techniques/postures prior to manually handling heavy or large
compromised or under the adverse influence of medication or alcohol.
gas cylinders.
DO NOT drop cylinders as a method of transfer – this may seriously
DO assess the load weight and dimensions before attempting any lift. damage the cylinder or its valve, resulting in their failure and
product release.
DO use suitable personal protective equipment (PPE) – wear safety
footwear and leather gloves to protect against falling/ slipping The above information is sourced from ANZIGA document Manual Handling Gas
cylinders crushing hands or feet during moving. Cylinders and is reproduced with the permission of ANZIGA.

DO ensure a positive hand grip prior to commencing a manual lift.

DO ensure proper coordination of the lift and that the load is equally
shared when attempting a two-person lift.

DO note environmental conditions prior to handling cylinders – wet, hot

or cold cylinders may diminish the quality of hand grip and footing may
be compromised.
 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety 23

Storing your cylinders safely.

Storage locations Plan for emergencies

• Small quantities of cylinders may be stored in a variety of locations, Ensure free and clear access to cylinder storage areas.
provided HSNO Regulations and the principles given in the following
All persons with a responsibility for storage or use of gas cylinders must
paragraphs are followed.
be familiar with the hazards and emergency procedures. Store layouts
• Larger quantities of cylinders should be kept in a purpose-designed
and emergency procedures need to be structured accordingly and to
store or storage area, following the same principles.
cater for possible incidents.
• A Location Test Certificate is required for gas storage over certain
quantities such as 100 m3/kg of flammable gas or 200 m3 of Cylinders should be stored in dedicated cylinder-only areas.
oxidising gas. Contact a Test Certifier for further information on these You must not store any other products in a cylinder store, particularly
requirements. oil, paint or corrosive liquids.

Ideal storage
Rotate your stock
Full or empty compressed gas cylinders should be stored
Your storage arrangements should ensure adequate turn around of
• In a well ventilated area
stock. DO NOT store empty cylinders longer than necessary; return them
• Preferably in the open to BOC as soon as possible. This applies particularly to cylinders which
• With some weather protection contain flammable or toxic gases.
The area on which cylinders are stored must be well-drained to prevent
corrosion of cylinder bases. The location must be free from the risk of Wear the correct Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
fire and well away from sources of heat or ignition. All persons handling gas cylinders must wear the correct PPE. Safety
shoes, safety glasses plus ear protection are essential. The correct
Store cylinders standing vertically and restrain them grade of gloves (where appropriate) may also be required.
1 It is recommended to store cylinders vertically. In many places, safety signs will designate where and what PPE is to
2 Vertically stored cylinders must always be restrained or under your be worn. Loose clothing and hair is an entanglement hazard, and steps
direct control. When standing or rotating and ‘walking’ cylinders about must be taken to avoid this.
their vertical axis, be aware of the hazards of uneven sloping, slippery
and unstable surfaces as well as loose surfaces. Restrain cylinders to Storage and segregation of cylinders
prevent them falling as unrestrained cylinders are a potential hazard
Within the storage area, oxidising gases such as oxygen must be stored
to users and passers-by should they inadvertently bump them.
at least 3 metres away from fuel gas cylinders (e.g. Acetylene, LPG,
3 Acetylene and LPG must never be stacked horizontally in storage or Hydrogen). The use of an appropriately fire rated wall may provide the
in use. required separation.
4 Whenever possible use a cylinder trolley for transporting cylinders
higher than one’s waist height.
24 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety

Firewall >1.5 metres

Oxygen Oxygen

Fuel Gas
Fuel Gas

>3 metres

Fuel gases should be stored at least 3 metres from oxygen cylinders A fire wall must be higher than the tallest cylinder by at least 1 metre

Full cylinders should be stored separately from empty cylinders, and Storing your cylinders safely
cylinders of different classes whether full or empty must be segregated
All cylinders should be considered and treated as full, regardless of their
from each other.
content. This means:
Where security is an issue, there is available a wide variety of • Keep cylinders away from artificial heat sources (e.g. flames or heaters).
Gas Cylinder Storage Systems which satisfy the cylinder storage
• DO NOT store cylinders near combustible materials, flammable liquids or
requirements of AS 4332.
incompatible materials.
Contact BOC on 0800 111 333 for details.
• Keep flammable gases away from sources of ignition.
• Keep cylinders in well drained areas, out of water pools or ponds.
Storage of toxic gases
• The storage area should be kept well ventilated and clean at all times.
Toxic gases must be stored separately from all other gases and the
• DO NOT store in confined spaces.
detailed instructions on the individual BOC Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
must be followed. • Avoid below-ground storage where possible. Where impractical,
consider atmospheric monitoring or other risk control measures.
It is essential that when handling or storing cylinders containing
• There should be good access to the storage area for delivery
toxic gases that the cylinder valve outlet threaded plug or cap is
vehicles. The ground surface should be reasonably level and firm
always replaced in the valve outlet when the cylinder is not in use or
(preferably concrete).
connected to a manifold or regulator. The cylinder valve outlet threaded
plug or cap acts as a secondary valve to the valve itself and provides • The storage area should be designed to prevent unauthorised entry,
increased safety against leakage. to protect untrained people from hazards and to guard cylinders
from theft.
In an emergency involving a toxic gas or any other BOC gas, call 111,
• Different types of gases must be stored separately and in accordance
then inform BOC on 0800 111 333.
with relevant HSNO regulations. Also refer to AS 4332 (The Storage and
For full details of local storage requirements consult the consult HSNO Handling of Gases in Cylinders)
regulations or contact a Test Certifier.
• Stores must clearly show signage in accordance with HSNO regulations
and the Approved Code of Practice Signage for Premises Storing
Storage of fuel gases Hazardous Substances and Dangerous Goods HSNO CoP 2-1 09-04. This
Within the storage area, oxygen should be stored at least 3 metres includes Division Diamonds; HAZCHEM; no smoking and naked flame
from fuel gas cylinders. The use of a fire wall may provide the required warning signs.
separation. If volume of Oxygen is greater than 200 m3 a separation • Full and empty cylinders should be kept separate.
distance of 5 metres needs to be executed. • Toxic and corrosive gases should be stored separately, away from all
Note: wall must be a minimum of one metre higher than the tallest cylinder. other gases.
 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety 25

Care of cylinders.

Before After

Side outlet valve showing a test date tag Heat indicator test date tags (view from tag underside – without markings)

• Liquefied flammable cylinders must be stored upright, to keep the Excessive heat can reduce the strength of the cylinder resulting in
safety devices in the vapour phase, on a firm, level floor (ideally localised bulging at the source of the heat and in extreme cases
concrete). This is also preferable for most other gas cylinders. cylinder rupture. Care must be taken with an oxy-fuel gas torch when
• Store cylinders away from heavy traffic and emergency exits. in use. DO NOT allow the flame from an oxy-fuel gas torch or other
appliance to point onto cylinders.
• Rotate stock of full cylinders, and use cylinders on a ‘first in,
first out’ basis. The plastic Test Date Tags (TDTs) fitted by BOC on the cylinder valve
• Avoid storing cylinders below 0°C. Some mixtures may separate inlet connection will distort or melt at a predetermined temperature
below this temperature. when heat-affected. This is to alert BOC (and customers) of any heat
damage to the cylinder. Any heat-affected cylinders are sent to a BOC
• DO NOT store cylinders at temperatures greater than 65°C (see Care
cylinder test shop to determine if they are safe to be returned back into
of cylinders).
gas service or if they are to be scrapped.

Most accidents are avoidable

Keep cylinders away from electric welding tools, red-hot
The majority of accidents involving compressed gas cylinders are metals, furnaces or any heat sources
avoidable with increased training and awareness of safety issues.
Keep electrical welding equipment well away from cylinders. DO NOT
allow welding torches to contact or get near cylinders.
Handle cylinders carefully
An accidental arc between the tool and the cylinder could cause
Take care when handling cylinders to avoid impact damage. DO NOT
localised overheating of the cylinder wall and thereby weaken
drop cylinders off vehicles or docks when unloading or allow heavy
the cylinder.
objects to fall on them.
Anything hot must be kept away from cylinders.
Impact damage can potentially reduce the cylinder wall thickness,
which could lead to premature cylinder rupture. Take care not to allow welding and cutting sparks, flames or red hot
slag to make contact with the exterior of cylinders, or their associated
Barcodes are to alert the fillers and operators when the cylinders are
cutting equipment and / or hoses. Keep cylinders a safe distance from
due for re-test, and for identification purposes. DO NOT under any
potential accidental spillages of molten metal.
circumstances tamper with or remove these.
If any of these hot items reach an acetylene cylinder, it will melt
Cylinders need to be kept cool the fusible plugs and cause a release of acetylene gas and fire from
the cylinder.
DO NOT store cylinders at temperatures greater than 65°C.
DO NOT put any cylinders adjacent to a furnace;
On extremely hot days every effort should be made to keep the
cylinders in the shade. DO NOT put LPG cylinders near boilers or heaters.

Excessive heat – results in an increase in internal pressure.

26 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety

Keep cylinders, valves and fittings clean NEVER disguise damage to cylinders
NEVER If a cylinder has been damaged (e.g. impact, involved in a fire), never
paint over the damaged, discoloured or heat affected areas. Damaged
• NEVER let oil or grease contact your cylinder or its valve and fittings.
cylinders must be notified to the gas company so that a detailed
• NEVER apply sealants (liquid or tape form) or lubricants to any cylinder
examination can be carried out to determine whether the cylinder(s)
valves or connecting fittings.
concerned can be repaired or need to be condemned.
• NEVER use cylinders, whether full or empty, as any kind of support
structure. Incidents have occurred where third parties have disguised damage
to a cylinder which has resulted in a rupture of the cylinder when
• NEVER roll them along the ground.
next refilled.
High pressure oxygen will react violently with oils and grease and cause
Cylinders must never be tampered with, repainted or relabelled by
a violent explosion or localised ignition leading to injury of the user and
anyone other than the cylinder owner.
damage to equipment.

Oxygen equipment is at most risk from oil and grease so keep greasy NEVER mix gases in a cylinder
hands, rags and gloves away from any part of the cylinder and fittings.
NEVER mix gases in a cylinder; this must only be undertaken by
Wipe hands clean and try to minimise hand contact with surfaces which authorised competent gas specialist personnel with suitable equipment
might be subject to oxygen under pressure. and facilities under controlled conditions.

Keeping cylinder valves clean NEVER transfer gas to another cylinder

Cylinders are supplied with their cylinder valve outlets capped or NEVER transfer, transfill or siphon gas from one cylinder to another. This
plugged and in some cases PVC shrink wrapped. can result in serious accidents and compromise the quality of the gas. It
is also illegal to fill a gas cylinder unless you are an approved filler.
The purpose of this is two fold:
5 To indicate the cylinder is full and
NEVER scrap a cylinder you do not own
6 To keep the outlet clean and contamination free.
Most gas cylinders are owned by gas companies. There are however
Top outlet valves, are particularly prone to dirt getting in the outlet. small numbers of privately owned cylinders e.g. individuals, companies
If grit, dirt, oil or dirty water enters the cylinder valve outlet, this may or Government institutions. Ownership is indicated by the cylinder label.
cause damage to the valve internals and result in leakage. If the label is missing, ownership can be established by the permanent
stampings on the cylinder shoulder.
Before assembling regulators and fittings make sure there are no
particles of dirt in the cylinder valve outlet. If a supply of clean Scrap metal merchants and recyclers must never buy gas cylinders
compressed oil free air or nitrogen is available, then, whilst wearing as scrap metal unless the cylinders have been condemned by an
appropriate eye and ear protection, use this to blow out any loose authorised Test Shop.
particles of dirt from the valve outlet. If intact valved cylinders are discovered amongst recycled scrap, these
If a supply of clean compressed oil free air or nitrogen is unavailable, must be set aside and the owner contacted (in most cases this will be
then use a clean lint free rag to clean the cylinder valve outlet, in one of the gas companies) with relevant particulars (i.e. colour, service,
particular the sealing surfaces. number and markings), to make arrangements for their collection
and return.
NEVER open a cylinder valve to clear the outlet. For flammable gases
this often leads to the ignition of the escaping gas. Ejected particles
NEVER use equipment with cylinders for which they are not
and resultant noise can also injure adjacent personnel.
intended
DO NOT attempt to make any adaptors or pipework to cross connect
NEVER attempt to repair a cylinder and/or its cylinder valve
cylinders as this is potentially dangerous.
If a cylinder is involved in an incident (especially cylinders involved in
fires) it must be:
• Withdrawn from service
• Set aside and made clearly identifiable
• Identified to BOC (contact BOC on 0800 111 333)
Note: DO NOT immediately handle an Acetylene cylinder that has been involved in
an incident.
 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety 27

Working with gas cylinders. Use of gas

cylinders and associated equipment.

Safe connection of equipment For the few cylinders now still fitted with cylinder valve keys, only
use the recommended cylinder valve keys.
Cylinder valve operation
• NEVER increase the leverage of keys by fitting handle extensions.
Use care when opening cylinder valves. Cylinder valves should not
• NEVER use spanners with long handles.
be opened unless a pressure regulator has been fitted. Slowly open
(anticlockwise) the cylinder valve using the hand wheel or (in a • NEVER use badly worn cylinder valve keys.
small number of cases) the cylinder valve key (obtainable from BOC Any of the above will damage the square end of the spindle or the
Gas & Gear  centres). valve’s soft plastic (usually Nylon) seat.
N.B. Soft seat, spindle key operated cylinder valves should not be subjected to excessive
torque. Use the correct spindle key and only use moderate hand torque. If the valve spindle is too stiff to open by hand with the cylinder key,
return the cylinder for exchange.
An opened valve should never be left against the backstop (i.e. fully
opened until resistance is encountered), but should be turned back a Sheared valve keys
small amount to avoid seizure in an open position. This can occur if the N.B. Most cylinders are now supplied with hand wheels so this will be a rarity.
valve is left open for long periods of time.
If you believe your cylinder valve has a broken or damaged spindle,
When you shut the valve turn it clockwise just enough to stop the gas (e.g. the cylinder valve key rotates without the valve opening), tag
completely. NEVER over tighten. the cylinder valve as defective (include the date and a contact phone
number on the tag), and call BOC on 0800 111 333 for a replacement
Remember all cylinder valves are closed by turning the hand wheel
cylinder.
in a clockwise direction. If you are going to stop work for a while (e.g.
morning tea break, etc.) then close the cylinder valve.
Only use equipment that is fit for purpose
Acetylene cylinders are to be used standing vertically on their base The gas cylinder and outlet valve are designed to supply gas through
Acetylene cylinders are designed to be transported, stored and used in pressure regulators that meet the requirements of the relevant
an upright position. Standards.
Should Acetylene cylinders have been stored or transported Pressure regulators thread directly to the cylinder valve outlet (also
horizontally, place the cylinders in a vertical position and allow 4 hours applies to cylinder packs) so it is vital that the size and tolerance are to
before use. This will allow the contents to settle and avoid release of specification and meet the specified machining tolerance.
solvent that can quickly vaporise potentially leading to an explosive
NEVER install additional piping or fittings between regulators and the
atmosphere. It can also damage equipment. Equipment that has been
outlet valves of cylinder packs.
affected by solvent should be immediately disconnected and placed in
an open area where the liquid can evaporate safely. When individual cylinders of the same gas are manifolded together to a
common outlet, the pressure regulator must be connected to this single
manifolded outlet.
28 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety

1 2

3 4 5

Typical single stage regulator Selection from the range of BOC Flashback Arrestors
1 Outlet or Regulated Pressure Gauge
2 Inlet or Cylinder Pressure Gauge
3 Regulator Outlet Connection
4 Inlet Spigot (regulator)
5 Cylinder Valve
6 Regulator Control Knob Increase Pressure (Turn Clockwise)
Decrease Pressure (Turn Anti-clockwise)

Use the adjustment valves downstream of the pressure regulator only NEVER pack out or use any connection that appears worn when
and not those fitted upstream, as this will starve the regulator of flow. tightening or loose when fully screwed home.

Pressure regulators: check the inlet spigot connection first

Fuel gas (Hydrogen, Handigas® (LPG), Acetylene): use only the
Make sure the pressure regulator is designed for use with high pressure regulator designed for the gas
gas cylinders and that the inlet spigot thread matches the cylinder
DO NOT interchange left-hand threaded pressure regulators between
valve outlet. Also check that the O-ring or seal is in place, clean and
gases. Each is designed for use with a specific gas, and to interchange
undamaged.
them could be hazardous. Remember the cylinder pressure and
NEVER force any regulator connection that does not fit. Regulator properties are different for each gas.
connections can be fully threaded in by hand and then only require
DO NOT use left-hand to right-hand adaptors.
a fraction of a turn to achieve a gas tight seal. Regulators must be
maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
Fit flashback arrestors
DO NOT attempt to repair or modify the regulator.
To prevent flames travelling back into cylinders, flashback
Before connecting a pressure regulator to a full cylinder always screw arrestors should be fitted onto the outlets of pressure regulators in
out (anticlockwise) the Regulator Control knob so that there can be Oxygen / Acetylene, Handigas® (LPG) and Hydrogen systems as well
no flow through the regulator when the cylinder valve is initially as the equipment end such as blowpipes where flammable mixtures
opened, this will lower the load on the internal safety device (known can occur.
as a diaphragm) and increase the regulators life.

Only use gas for its intended purpose. Gas cylinders with their Does your manifold have the right regulators and
associated regulator and reticulation equipment are supplied for use in flashback arrestors?
their intended application only. These uses are covered in gas supplier Where cylinders are connected to a manifold, the system must be
catalogues. properly designed for the task and installed by a competent trained
DO NOT experiment with gas or gases. If in doubt and/or expert technician. It must be fitted with one or more pressure regulators.
assistance is required, then please consult BOC on 0800 111 333. Acetylene, Handigas® LPG (industrial applications) and hydrogen
manifolds must also be fitted with flashback arrestors at both regulator
DO NOT use oil or packing on any regulator – oxygen or not and equipment ends.

NEVER try to ease any regulator threads with oil

DO NOT use PTFE tape. This advice applies to all gas cylinders
and regulators.
 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety 29

Choosing safe equipment.

Pressure regulator: be guided by the gas supplier DO NOT use longer hoses than necessary
Where a pressure regulator is fitted with gauges (content and delivery For fixed installations according to AS 4289.
pressure), these should never be removed, exchanged or tampered with
For safety purposes, hoses shall be installed as follows:
in any way. Replacement gauges are available from your local BOC branch
and should only be fitted using oxygen safe tape. a Protected from heat, mechanical damage, traffic, sparks, slag, and oil
or grease. They shall be as short as possible. Where longer lengths
are needed, extension hoses, coupled by means of hose connectors
Hoses: use the right colour and the right quality
suitable for use with Oxygen and Acetylene, may be used, but should
be avoided wherever possible.
Colour coding for hoses
b Copper pipe shall not be used to couple hoses carrying acetylene.
Gas Colour For portable equipment according to AS 4839:
a T he maximum hose length shall be fifteen (15) metres for each gas, or
Oxygen Blue
such a distance which will allow the operator of hand-held equipment
Acetylene Red
to be in sight of all supply cylinders, whichever is the smaller. Hoses
LPG Orange shall be single length.
Only use hose that conforms to the relevant standard (AS 1335 for
oxygen, acetylene and LPG hose used for welding, and AS 1896C for DO NOT use hoses that appear worn
LPG hose for industrial applications). Hoses should be colour coded in Hoses showing signs of deterioration must be scrapped.
accordance to the same standards.

Hoses: use the right end connection

Incorrect hose connections are a frequent cause of accidents.

Hose connections must conform to the pressure and mechanical Perished cover
properties requirements described in AS 1335 and AS/NZS 1869 for LPG.

BOC twin hose complies with these requirements and is supplied with
the correct threaded connections (left handed for fuel and right handed
for oxygen) to fit either the pressure regulators or flashback arrestors. Cover wear

Purge hoses and check for leaks and visible signs of damage before
lighting a cutting or welding torch. Check connections regularly.
Scorched cover
Flashback arrestors
A flashback is a flame, travelling at supersonic speed, in the opposite DO NOT use hoses that appear worn
direction to normal gasflow in oxy-fuel gas equipment. The use of
flashback arrestors is required to limit the potential damage that may Use correct Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
result if a flashback occurs. If not stopped, a flashback can melt the
When welding or cutting use goggles with double lenses to protect
equipment which, in the worst case, could explode and travel back to
your eyes against glare and mechanical impact from flying fragments.
the cylinder.
The inner lens should be tinted and the outer lens clear. The clear outer
BOC resettable flashback arrestors have a sensitive non-return valve lenses should be changed regularly when spatter builds up.
that stops the gas flow and can be reset once inspection of equipment
It is also advisable to wear eye protection (spectacles or goggles) when
for the cause has taken place. All BOC flashback arrestors have a fine
handling high pressure gases to protect the eyes against flying dust
sintered filter that quenches the flame. On BOC regulator end flashback
particles in the gas stream.
arrestors, a thermal cut-off valve is built in, which will activate if there
are multiple flashbacks or a build up of heat stopping the flow of gas DO NOT wear clothes made of highly combustible materials. Leather
before ignition upstream occurs. gloves or gauntlets should be used when necessary. In awkward work
locations additional protective clothing may be required.
To ensure total safety and protection from the causes and effects of
flashbacks, BOC flashback arrestors should be fitted to each gas line, as the
risk of a reverse flow of gas exists with both oxygen and fuel gas. According
to AS 4839 flashback arrestors should be tested every year.
30 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety

Avoiding contamination of the cylinder.

Side Outlet (Large) Side Outlet (Small)

Direction of Gas Flow Pin

NRV/MPR valve (side outlet) Examining the cylinder valve outlet

Recognise the hazards of backflow Take precautions to prevent backflow into the cylinder
Cylinder contamination can compromise the: It is particularly important to ensure that when cylinders are connected
to a process in which the process pressure can exceed the cylinder
• Quality of the gas,
supply pressure that adequate precautions are taken to avoid backflow
• Safety of the cylinder; and as a result,
into the cylinder. The following should be observed:
• Safety of the end user.
• ALWAYS close the supply cylinder valve when not in use.

Minimum Pressure Retention/Non-Return Valves • NEVER leave an empty cylinder connected to a process.

Minimum Pressure Retention (MPR) valves were developed to reduce • NEVER use a cylinder as a receiver for waste gas, liquid or
the risk of contaminants, such as air and moisture, flowing back into other material.
the cylinder which can occur when the valve is left open or the valve is
connected to the incorrect equipment. More recent cylinder valves have Practical ways of preventing backflow
been fitted with residual pressure device cassettes with a non‑return
If the cylinder is not fitted with a NRV/MPR cylinder valve, then
valve (NRV) function designed to counter the risk of backflow, which
can occur when manifolding cylinders together. This is commonly Fit a suitable, good quality ‘non-return valve’ (also called ‘check valve’)
referred to as a NRV/MPR valve (pictured above) to distinguish it from
This is the simplest and most cost effective method of preventing
its MPR predecessor.
backflow but it must be considered as the minimum requirement. These
These valves can be identified quite easily by examining the cylinder valves require regular maintenance as particulate matter or corrosive
valve outlet. If you look inside the valve outlet, a ‘pin’ can be seen conditions can prevent efficient resealing.
either in the bore or protruding slightly from the bore of the cylinder
Fit an automatic shut-off / isolation valve
valve outlet.
This should be activated by a low pressure signal when the supply
Note: It is important to your safety to NEVER damage or interfere with
gas cylinder pressure reaches a level that requires the cylinder to be
the operation of this pin or attempt to use an adaptor in order to bypass
replaced. An alarm should normally be incorporated into the system to
the NRV/MPR or MPR cylinder valve.
alert the operator.
If the cylinder valve fitted is not an NRV/MPR cylinder valve then safety
hazards can be created if gaseous or liquid contaminants are allowed Notify BOC if cylinder contamination occurs
to pass back into the cylinder. Precautions must be taken to ensure that
when the cylinder is in use no backflow of gas or liquid can occur. If you know that a cylinder has become contaminated – by whatever
means or whatever the contamination – inform BOC and label the
cylinder before it is returned giving any relevant information about
known or suspected contamination. This information is required
even if the contaminant, such as water, has been emptied out of the
cylinder before return.
 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety 31

Keeping your equipment safe. Equipment

leak detection.

Regularly check for faults and leaks TIPS on equipment safety

Leaks may develop in any part of a gas system, but particularly at joints. • Pay special attention to pressure regulators. If a regulator is defective or
It is important that all equipment is regularly checked and corrective if a pressure gauge is broken, have it replaced immediately.
action taken before use. • Do not over tighten or excessively wind out regulators.
As a matter of routine, always check for leaks when cylinders are stored • Leakage around the valve key of the cylinder valve will be revealed by
and when they are assembled with equipment for use. either hissing or, in the case of fuel gases, by an odour.
• Have any hose that shows signs of deterioration replaced.
When assembled, special attention should be paid to all joints and
blowpipe valves. Use a BOC approved LDF (Leak Detection Fluid) or an • Examine the blowpipe nozzle regularly and if it is becoming clogged,
ammonia free, soapy water solution applied with a brush. clean it in the manner described by the manufacturer.
• Keep equipment clean. In particular oxygen regulators must be kept in a
Warning – beware of the dangers of using leak detecting fluids which
clean area when not in use.
are incompatible with oxygen as LDF residues could cause spontaneous
ignition. Only BOC approved LDFs should be used. • NEVER cut or weld above or near cylinders or equipment if there is
a likelihood that sparks or molten material will come into contact
Wipe the area dry with a clean lint-free cloth after you have completed with them.
the check. If there is any bubbling or foaming of the leak detection
fluid during testing this indicates leakage. The equipment should be If in doubt contact BOC on 0800 111 333 for advice. If safe to do so,
immediately depressurised and the leak corrected. move the cylinder to a remote, well ventilated area.

• Regularly check for leaks and faults, only with approved leak
detection fluid.
DO NOT use coiled hoses
• Keep ammonia-based leak detection solutions, oil and grease away Ensure that both hoses are of equal length. DO NOT coil surplus hose
from cylinders and valves. around the cylinder, regulator or on the floor adjacent to cylinder when
in storage or when in use.
• NEVER use a flame when testing for leaks
• NEVER tighten equipment while the equipment is under pressure A fire in a coiled hose is very difficult to extinguish.

If you do have surplus hose, position it behind you to keep it clear

of sparks.
32 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety

If something goes wrong.

In all emergencies, phone Emergency Services on 111,

and always use protective clothing and equipment
Cylinders exposed to a heat source

Gas cylinders in fires Cylinders which have been exposed to excessive heat – such as fire or
by accidental impingement of a flame – may fail when next filled and
may result in a gas filler's death.
Actions to be taken when fire is discovered
ALWAYS clearly mark fire exposed cylinders and advise BOC. A damaged
Gas cylinders involved in a fire may explode. heat tag is a sign of a fire exposed cylinder.
If cylinders are in a fire the key actions to be taken are: Under no circumstances should you clean or repair the cylinder!
• Evacuate the area (min. 100 m radius). DO NOT use any fire damaged cylinders.
• Call the fire brigade on 111.
• Advise persons between 100–300 m from the cylinder to Leaking cylinders
take cover.
Gas from a leaking flammable cylinder may ignite in the presence of an
• When the fire brigade arrives inform them of the location and ignition source.
number of gas cylinders directly involved in the fire, and the
names of the gases they contain. DO NOT enter an atmosphere which may contain a flammable gas/
vapour and air mixture in the flammable range without either:
• Cylinders which are not directly involved in the fire and which
have not become heated should be moved as quickly as a Testing that the flammable gas/vapour content is less than 20% of
possible to a safe place – provided this can be done without the Lower Explosion Limit (LEL) or
undue risk. Make sure these cylinder valves are closed. b Ventilating prior to entry to achieve (a).
• As soon as possible, inform BOC on 0800 111 333. (DO NOT use electrical fans etc. to ventilate unless flameproof.)
• DO NOT use cylinders that have been exposed to a fire until
BOC has examined them. Leaking acetylene cylinders
Remember that even after the fire has been extinguished some
1 Where an ignition has not occurred
cylinders which have been heated can explode, particularly
acetylene cylinders. Try to stop the leak by closing the cylinder valve. If the leak cannot be
stopped and:
a There is no ignition of the escaping gas, and
b The cylinder is not becoming hot
then take the following actions to prevent ignition and resulting harm to
people and/or property:
 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety 33

• Avoid any source of ignition. 2 Where an ignition has occurred

• Evacuate uninvolved personnel from the area. • Call the fire brigade on 111.
• If safe to do so, remove cylinder outside to a well ventilated area, • If the valve is accessible and it is safe to do so, attempt to close
carefully avoiding shocks, bumps, and ignition sources and staying out the valve.
of the path of escaping gas in case it ignites. • If the flame from the cylinder has started a secondary fire which is
• Inform BOC on 0800 111 333. heating the cylinder, evacuate the area 100m around the cylinder.
• Ensure the work area is thoroughly ventilated before re‑entry. • If possible cool the cylinder with a water spray from a protected
position.
Hot acetylene cylinders must be dealt with as set out in the paragraph
‘Gas Cylinders In Fires’.
Leaking hydrogen cylinders
If the leak has ignited then follow the recommendations below:
TAKE CARE! Hydrogen burns with an almost invisible flame. Burning
2 Where an ignition has occurred hydrogen can be detected by the feel of heat, looking for signs of heat
shimmer in the air and falling droplets of water.
Only when it can be done immediately after ignition, close the cylinder
valve to stop the gas flow. Feel the cylinder shell with bare hands for 1 Where an ignition has not occurred
any rise in temperature.
If a leak has occurred but not ignited, which cannot be stopped by
If closing the valve, do not attempt to tighten the cylinder valve in the
body, but take the following actions:
• The cylinder becomes hot.
• The flame or gas flow does not stop. • Call the fire brigade on 111.

• There is any doubt or other reason. • Eliminate all sources of ignition.

• Remove to a safe position outside.
Then
• Ensure the work area is thoroughly ventilated before re-use, particularly
• Call the Fire Brigade on 111.
at high level.
• Evacuate the area 200m (radius) direct line of view of the cylinders.
• If safe eliminate all other sources of ignition. 2 If an ignition has occurred
• Call the fire brigade on 111.
• Inform BOC on 0800 111 333.
• If the valve is accessible and it is safe to do so attempt to close the
A flame from an acetylene cylinder which is in a room and whose
valve (take care as a hydrogen flame is almost invisible).
valve cannot be closed should normally be left to burn while cooling
the cylinder with water. If the flame is extinguished, the acetylene • If the flame from the cylinder has started a secondary fire take key
continues to escape and can re-ignite and result in a fire or explosion. actions as set out in ‘Gas Cylinders in Fires’.
The flame should only be extinguished if:
Leaking toxic gases – ammonia
• Leaving it burning will cause a more dangerous situation.
The odour of ammonia is very characteristic and quite recognisable,
• The acetylene flow is very small and the cylinder can be safely and
providing adequate warning of its presence.
quickly carried out to a safe place in the open air.
Ensure the working area is well ventilated before re-use. In all other Ammonia is severely irritating to the skin and to the mucous
circumstances, attempt to keep the cylinder cool with a water spray membranes of the eyes, nose, throat and lungs. Ammonia is flammable
from a protected position until the fire brigade arrives. in air only at comparatively high concentrations (15-28% by volume in
air). These limits are seldom encountered in practical handling.
Even once the fire has been extinguished, dissolved acetylene cylinders
need to be cooled for a total of 24 hours. DO NOT enter an atmosphere which may contain toxic gas
without either:
BOC will arrange for collection of the cylinder after the 24 hour
a Testing that no toxic gases are present, or
cooling period.
b Wearing Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA).

Leaking LPG cylinders The precautions to be taken with toxic gases are:
• Leak-check systems by pressurising with inert gas before admitting
1 Where an ignition has not occurred
toxic gas, and using leak detection solution on joints.
If a leak has occurred but not ignited, which cannot be stopped by
• Provide good local ventilation or mechanical extraction.
closing the valve, do not attempt to tighten the cylinder valve in the
body or tamper with safety devices, but take the following actions • Use a gas-specific leak detection method.
immediately: • Install atmospheric monitoring and alarm (this may be mandatory by
• Call the fire brigade on 111. legislation).

• Eliminate all sources of ignition. • Assure breathing quality air for:

• Evacuate the area. –– Normal operations

• Remove the cylinder to a safe position outside, at least 100m direct line –– Emergencies
view of the cylinders. If possible keep the leak facing up. Keep away • Have on hand:
from drains. –– SDS
• Warn everyone in the area of the gas leak giving priority to those –– Emergency equipment
downwind and downhill.
–– Specific operating and emergency procedures
34 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety

Leaking asphyxiant gases Contamination can be ignited

Gases which create a hazard by displacing oxygen are called simple Contamination that is not removed from the system can be easily
asphyxiants. ignited and can promote fires of other materials. If the fire is extensive
it may rupture the system.
Poisonous gases are hazardous at parts per million in the atmosphere.
Flammable gases enter the flammable range at a few percent in the
Flashback to an acetylene cylinder
atmosphere. However, any gas whether poisonous, flammable, non-
flammable, toxic or non-toxic can create an additional hazard if its Fitment of flashback arrestors at both the regulator and equipment end
concentration lowers the oxygen concentration to 19% or less. will greatly lower the likelihood of a flashback travelling back to the
cylinder. A flashback is the return of flame through the blowpipe or
Risk of altered gas concentrations even the regulators. It may also reach the Acetylene cylinder causing
Because gases are stored under pressure, gases leaking out of the heating and explosive decomposition of the contents; it can be caused
storage container into the working atmosphere may displace other by faults in the equipment and/or poor procedure. In most cases a
gases in the atmosphere, upsetting the normal balance. flashback does not travel beyond the cylinder neck.

DO NOT enter an atmosphere which may be deficient in oxygen You may be able to identify a flashback has occurred by:
without either: • An audible ‘pop’ or muffled gunshot sound.
a Testing the oxygen content is normal (19–23%), or • Hot spot on the cylinder.
b Wearing Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) If a flashback occurs take the following actions, if safe to do so:
Asphyxiation can cause death in seconds if the oxygen content is 0%, • Close both blowpipe valves – oxygen first.
or minutes if it is less than 19%.
• Close both cylinder valves.
Generally there are no warning signs that an atmosphere contains • Check the acetylene cylinder shell with the bare hand for a rise in
increased concentrations of other gases and a deficiency of oxygen. temperature (if hot or glowing, evacuate area immediately and take
Any enclosed area in which gases are being stored, piped, used or actions as per ‘Gas Cylinders in Fires’)
vented may become deficient in oxygen. If the temperature of the acetylene cylinder shell rises, treat the
cylinder as if it had been involved in a fire – see ‘Gas Cylinders in Fires’.
In addition, because many gases are heavier than air, and collect in pits
and drains, even small hatchways and coverings may contain oxygen • If the temperature of the acetylene cylinder shell does not rise, unwind
deficient atmospheres. pressure adjustment screw on each pressure regulator.

DO NOT enter these areas without appropriate Self-Contained • Check that the nozzle is not damaged and that it is tight.
Breathing Apparatus & Life Line. • If the blowpipe is overheated, plunge it into cold water.
• Carry out the start procedure as recommended by the equipment
Leaking oxidising gases supplier.
Because oxygen is very reactive, almost everything will react with • If the flashback recurs immediately, the blowpipe/nozzle may be
it given the right conditions of heat and pressure. faulty and should not be used again. Again check if cylinder is heating
(refer ‘Gas Cylinders in Fires’ and contact BOC on 0800 111 333).
Oxygen at high pressures in cylinders and pipework poses an
extra hazard.
Frozen regulators or valves
DO NOT enter an atmosphere which may be enriched with Thaw with warm water, never by flame. This condition may be caused
oxygen without: by excessive flow rates. Contact BOC on 0800 111 333.
a Testing the oxygen content is normal (19–23%),
b Dampening clothing, and Frosted cylinders
c Avoiding sources of heat and ignition. This condition is usually due to excessive draw-off rate and can be
Poor system design can lead to hazards when using oxygen. overcome by seeking expert advice on manifolding cylinders – DO NOT
attempt to heat the cylinders.

Contaminants in oxygen systems

Oxygen systems made up of 'oxygen compatible' components can also
be contaminated with non-compatible materials. Oil, dust, and grit
are examples of contaminants that burn readily or provide a source of
ignition in such systems.

Sources of contamination
Contamination in an oxygen system can come from two sources:
• From poor cleaning of the system at the time of assembly
• From contamination introduced during its service life, either by wear of
components or through incorrect maintenance procedures.
 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety 35

Keeping your environment safe.

Be aware of all possible hazards Fire hazards from oxygen enrichment

The environment can be contaminated or adversely affected by one or Oxygen reacts with most elements. The initiation, speed, vigour and
more of the following hazards: extent of these reactions depend in particular upon:
• Oxygen enrichment, • The concentration, temperature and pressure of the reactants.
• Oxygen deficiency, • Ignition energy and mode of ignition.
• Accumulation of fuel gases,
• Welding and other fumes, Combustibility of materials
• Noise,
Oxygen enrichment of the atmosphere, even by a few percent,
• Fire.
considerably increases the intensity of fire. Sparks which would
normally be regarded as harmless can cause fire and materials which
Know the danger, composition and behaviour of air do not normally burn in air, including fireproofing materials, burn
The approximate volumetric composition of the main components of air vigorously in oxygen-enriched air.
is as follows:
Smoking is not allowed where oxygen is stored or being used
Oxygen O2 21%
Many burning accidents which occur are triggered off by the lighting of
Nitrogen N2 78%
a cigarette, therefore it is impossible to over-emphasise the danger of
Argon Ar 1% smoking in oxygen-enriched atmospheres or where oxygen enrichment
can occur. Locations where Oxygen is stored or being used are to be
The atmospheric gases are non toxic, but alterations in their designated NO SMOKING areas.
concentrations – especially that of oxygen – have an effect upon life
and combustion processes. It is essential to have sufficient oxygen in
atmospheres being breathed. IMPORTANT NOTE: Should cylinder show any signs of being affected
Although not flammable itself oxygen vigorously supports combustion by flood water or bush fire damage, contact BOC for advice on
whereas nitrogen and argon inhibit combustion. 0800 111 333.

If good practice is not observed accidents may occur because changes

in gas concentration can be very rapid and cannot be detected in good
time by odour or sight.
36 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety

Prevent oxygen enrichment of the environment Prevent oxygen deficiency in the environment
Oxygen enrichment of the atmosphere is best guarded against by careful Oxygen deficiency of the atmosphere is best guarded against by careful
attention to the following points. attention to the following points.

Leakage of equipment Leakage of gases other than oxygen

Newly assembled equipment for oxygen service should be thoroughly This leads automatically to oxygen deficiency.
leak checked using an ammonia free soapy water solution or an
Consideration should be given to the use of atmospheric monitoring in
approved leak detection fluid available from BOC. Periodic retests are
confined spaces.
recommended. Pressure drop tests are a good way to identify leaks.

All equipment, for instance welding and cutting nozzles and hose Vent outlets
connections, should be properly fitted. Hoses and other equipment Vented gases are often deficient in oxygen, and work should not be
should be kept leak tight and be protected from damage. All carried out in such atmospheres.
maintenance and repair work should be carried out by experienced and
fully skilled personnel. Welding and heating processes
All gas welding and heating processes involve taking oxygen from the
When gas is no longer required or the shift is over, the cylinder valve or
air and can tend to cause an oxygen deficiency unless the volume of
oxygen supply stop valve must be turned off, in order to avoid possible
workspaces and their ventilation is sufficient.
oxygen leakage in the time between the end of one working period and
the beginning of the next. The gas valves on blowpipes or cutting torches
Use of gases other than air in closed areas
should not be used to perform this task.
An appropriate risk assessment and/or Permit to Work procedure may
Incorrect practice in the use of blowpipes be needed.
Care should be taken, especially in confined spaces, to avoid delay in
lighting the blowpipe after opening the valves. Physiological hazards due to oxygen deficiency
When flame cutting, besides the oxygen for the preheating flame, a Oxygen is essential to life, and it is therefore vital to ensure that
considerable amount of oxygen is also required for burning the material adequate oxygen is present in any atmosphere being breathed.
and blowing out the slag. This leads to an excess of unused oxygen, the Respiratory complications may occur in an atmosphere containing less
amount of which will increase if the pressure employed is too high, or if than 19.5% oxygen.
the nozzle is too big for the workpiece being cut. It is therefore important
to select the correct nozzles and pressures. A significant feature of oxygen deficiency is that it cannot readily be
detected by the senses, and victims are usually unaware of the danger
Improper use of oxygen they are in and may even have a feeling of wellbeing.
In addition to the previously mentioned hazards of oxygen enrichment
of the air, it is vital to note that UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES is oxygen to Prevent dangerous accumulations of fuel gases
be used as a replacement for instrument air. Oxygen is an oxidising gas In certain procedures, fuel gases are used along with oxygen. Fuel
and strongly supports combustion and is UNSUITABLE for the following gases that escape may form ignitable and explosive mixtures with the
purposes: surrounding air and lead to fires or explosions. The ignition limits of the
• Driving pneumatic tools. most common fuel gases when mixed with air are:
• Inflating vehicle tyres, rubber boats etc.
• Cooling or freshening the air in confined spaces. Fuel Gases Upper and Lower Explosive Limits
• Cooling the person as air conditioning.
• Dusting benches, machinery and clothing. Acetylene 2.5 – 85.0 vol %
• Starting diesel engines. LPG (e.g. Handigas®) 2.2 – 9.5 vol %
It should be appreciated that this list is by no means complete. Hydrogen 4.0 – 75.0 vol %

The lower limit is particularly important, as this is the one that is

Wear the correct clothing
reached first. There is less danger that these ignition limits will be
Many so-called non-flammable textile materials will burn fiercely in air reached in large welding shops that have good natural ventilation or
containing as little as 30% oxygen, and no material should be considered are in the open air. However, inside containers or in confined spaces,
safe unless it is known to have been subjected to a proper test. even small quantities of escaping fuel gas are sufficient under certain
Clothes should be well fitting, yet easy to remove and free from oil conditions to form an ignitable mixture.
and grease. Acetylene and LPG can be recognised by their distinctive smell even in
Persons who have been exposed to an oxygen-enriched atmosphere very small concentrations.
must not smoke or go near hot spots or sparks until they have properly Acetylene/LPG in the air is therefore very easily detected by a good
ventilated their clothes in a normal atmosphere. A ventilation period of sense of smell, enabling corrective action to be quickly taken.
a minimum of 5 minutes with movement of the arms and legs and with
the coats unbuttoned may be necessary.
LPG (e.g. Handigas®) will accumulate in low-lying areas
When working with flammable gases (acetylene, hydrogen, LPG), Because of its high specific gravity, Handigas® flows to the ground like
only cotton clothing should be worn. Man-made fibres should not a liquid when there is little air movement; thus it may remain for a very
be worn as they generate static electricity sparks which can ignite long time if there is no way for it to flow away. It is then possible for
flammable gases. ignitable concentrations to arise.
 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety 37

Check hoses and apparatus for leaks 3 Remove all materials likely to catch fire.
Undesirable mixtures of fuel gas and air are usually the result of 4 Make sure the floor is swept clear of combustible debris or dust.
leakages, due for example to faulty hoses, missing hose clips on hose 5 Work well away from products which give off flammable vapours
connectors or torches, or faulty torches and torch hoses. i.e. paints, thinners, fuels etc.
6 Avoid work on wooden floors or close to wooden roof joists, unless
Close valves when apparatus is not in use protected by sheet steel or other flame/heat resistant material.
In many instances, accidents could have been avoided by closing Sparks falling through gaps in  floorboards are a particular source
valves. In some cases, leaky equipment or torches with the fuel of danger.
gas valve not properly closed have been left in workshops for long 7 Keep fire extinguishers, sand and water available. If necessary
intervals resulting in serious accidents when work was resumed. douse floor and walls with water before starting work.
8 If you suspect that sparks may have come in contact with wooden
Remove gas equipment from confined spaces when not in structures or entered wall cavities, special visual inspection should
use. Beware of fumes being generated be taken after the work has finished.  Remember that fire can
smoulder for long periods  before spontaneous ignition.
Gas equipment connected to a supply must not be allowed to remain
in confined spaces or vessels during rest intervals or meal breaks, but 9 Always check the work area before leaving, for sparks, smouldering
must be taken out for that time. materials etc.

Cutting and welding metals by flame or arc processes produces fume.

The fume is in two parts.
1 Particulate fume, which is usually visible as smoke, and consists
of fine metal oxide powder. The composition of this fume depends
upon the metal being cut or welded and in the case of welding, the
composition of the filler rod or wire.
2 Gaseous fume, which is not visible and is usually composed of
combinations of oxides of carbon or oxides of nitrogen and ozone.

Ensure that fumes are removed quickly from the work area
The solution to fumes is good local and general ventilation. Local
ventilation should be arranged to suck the fume away as it is formed.
A number of companies market such units. General ventilation should
ensure that the whole atmosphere of the work shop is changed a
number of times during a shift.

Check the properties of filler rods and wires

Some filler rods/wires in welding or brazing may contain particular
toxic materials, and the suppliers of these rods or wires should be
contacted regarding the hazards and any special fume removal DO NOT weld or cut a tank or vessel until it has been treated to make it safe

requirement as listed in their respective SDS’s.

Working on the welding or cutting of tanks or vessels which
may have contained explosive or flammable materials
Take special precautions when welding or cutting
coated metals DO NOT weld or cut tanks or vessels which may have contained
petrol, oils, spirits, paint or any flammable or explosive material
Finally it is most important to take special ventilation precautions
without making sure that the vessel contains no trace of the
when welding or cutting metals that are coated, (e.g. painted,
substance or explosive vapours, and has been treated to make it safe
galvanised etc.,) because their coatings can produce copious
for welding and/or cutting.
quantities of toxic fumes.
Before beginning to weld or cut a tank:
Noise 1 Remove residue by thorough boiling or steaming immediately
Some processes can result in high noise levels. This should before starting.
be taken into consideration when planning the work and the 2 Fill the vessel with water to within 2–5 cm of the points where the
necessary precautions taken to ensure compliance with current flame is to be applied.
noise legislation. 3 If possible vent the enclosed air space.
4 NEVER blow out the vessel with oxygen.
Fire
5 NEVER approach with naked lights until thorough ventilation has
NEVER underestimate the fire hazard in flame and arc processes been carried out.
particularly as sparks can travel quite an appreciable distance.
6 DO NOT use empty oil, petrol or other flammable liquid drums or
1 Where possible work well away from combustible materials such containers as support for work.
as wood. 7 Post a warning notice as required.
2 Where it is necessary to work near combustible materials, ensure
BOC offers a nitrogen purging service for such tanks or vessels.
you have a second person nearby to watch for fires.
Contact BOC on 0800 111 333 for further details.
38 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety

Glossary.

AS — Australian Standard return gas flow function to prevent higher pressure gas from entering
the cylinder if hooked up to the cylinder valve outlet. In Europe, these
Asphyxiate — To cause reduction of or displacement of oxygen from red
are simply referred to as RPV valves.
blood cells.
Non return valve — A valve which is designed to only allow flow in
Backflow — Also known as ‘reverse’ flow, where contaminates such as
one direction. The direction is indicated by an arrow on the valve body.
air or moisture enter the cylinder.
NZS ­— New Zealand Standards.
Backstop — Mechanical stop encountered when fully opening a
cylinder valve. Pack (also known as Bundle / Manifolded Cylinder Pack / MCP) —
A number of cylinders (usually 4–15) manifolded and palletised together
Bar — a unit of measure of pressure, equal to one million dynes per
to common outlet(s) (usually 2) and contained within a standard
square centimentre. 106 dyne/cm2, 105N/m2, 0.98692 atm. Refer to
pallet footprint.
the pressure cross reference chart on page 39 for more information.
Permanent gas — A gas that has a critical temperature below -10°C.
Burst disc — A type of pressure relief device which consists of a disc,
(In everyday terms a gas that cannot be liquefied by increasing pressure
usually of metal, which is held so that it confines the pressure of
at ambient temperatures e.g. oxygen, nitrogen, argon).
the cylinder under normal conditions. The disc ruptures at a design
pressure/temperature range selected for overpressure or in the case of PPE — Personal Protective Equipment relates to clothing, footwear,
cylinders in fires, to prevent the rupture of the container. Once ruptured hand, face and hearing protection appropriate when handling and
gas release cannot be stopped until the cylinder is empty. using gases.
Cylinder Valve key — A tool used to open or close cylinders. Applies Pressure drop test — A leak check where the equipment is pressurised
to cylinders which do not have a handwheel fitted to the cylinder to normal working pressure and no pressure drop is observed over
valve, these cylinders are opened and closed by inserting and turning a 5 minutes. If a pressure drop is observed, this indicates a leak in
cylinder valve key. the assembly.
Flashback — The return of flame through the blowpipe into the hoses Pressure gauge — A device which indicates pressure.
and even the regulators. It may also reach the acetylene cylinder
Pressure regulator — A device used to reduce pressure from a higher
causing heating and explosive decomposition of the contents.
pressure source such as a gas cylinder to a controllable safer working
Flashback arrestor — The arrestor quenches a flame front (flashback pressure range.
or acetylene decomposition) travelling in a direction opposite to the
SDS (Safety Data Sheet) — Information sheet detailing the following
normal flow. Flashback arrestors often incorporate other safety features
specifics relating to a particular gas:
which may include non return valves, cut off valve and safety valve.
• Identification of the material and supplier
Gauge (g) — Suffix to indicate the pressure relative to the local
• Hazards identification
atmospheric pressure, not as an ‘absolute pressure’. Indicated as directly
• Composition / information on ingredients
following the usual unit measurement e.g. barg, psig, kPag.
• First aid measures
Gland nut — An adjustable nut which when tightened compresses a • Fire fighting measures
gland seal to form a leak tight joint between the mating metal surfaces • Accidental release measures
(i.e. in the case of a cylinder valve, the body and stem). • Storage and handling
• Exposure controls / personal protection
HSNO — Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act and Associated
• Physical and chemical properties
Regulations
• Stability and reactivity
Liquefied gas —A gas which, when packaged under pressure for • Toxicological information
transport, is partially liquid at a temperature above -50°C • Ecological information
• Disposal considerations
LDF — Leak detection fluid, applied to valve and other potential leakage
• Transport information
points, to detect leaks e.g. VFV Leak Detector, Teepol HB7.
• Regulators and other information
NRV/MPR — Non Return Valve/Minimum Pressure Retention and is TDT — Test Date Tags are tags fitted to cylinders designed to distort
sometimes used in the reverse order. This is a function incorporated in or melt when heat affected to alert BOC of any heat damage to
certain cylinder valves in that they retain a minimum pressure in the the cylinder.
cylinder, typically of a nominal 5 Barg. They also incorporate a non
 Guidelines for Gas Cylinder Safety 39

Pressure cross reference chart

kPa bar Millibar(mbar) atm kg/cm2 psi mm.Hg Metres H2O at 20°C

1 0.010 10.000 0.010 0.010 0.145 7.501 0.102

100.000 1 1000.000 0.987 1.020 14.504 750.063 10.216
0.100 0.001 1 0.001 0.001 0.015 0.750 0.010
101.325 1.013 1013.250 1 1.033 14.696 760.001 10.351
98.067 0.981 980.665 0.968 1 14.223 735.560 10.018
6.895 0.069 68.948 0.068 0.070 1 51.715 0.704
0.133 0.001 1.333 0.001 0.001 0.019 1 0.014
9.789 0.098 97.890 0.097 0.100 1.420 73.424 1

Useful contact
Australia and New Zealand Industrial Gas Association (ANZIGA)

ABN 80 003 067 178

PO Box 422
Flinders Lane Vic 8099

Level 10, 10 Queen Street

Melbourne Vic 3000

Telephone: +61 3 9611 5412

Email: [email protected]
For more information contact the
BOC Customer Engagement Centre 0800 111 333.

Emergency Response Line in case of fire 111

MP15-0007 FDAUS 1117 1k

BOC Limited
WN007748
970–988 Great South Road, Penrose, Auckland, New Zealand
www.boc.co.nz

© BOC Limited 2017. BOC is a trading name of BOC Limited. Reproduction without permission is strictly prohibited. Details given in this document are believed to be correct at the time of printing.
Whilst proper care has been taken in the preparation, no liability for injury or damage resulting from its improper use can be accepted.