International Journal of Scientific Research and Review ISSN No.
: 2279-543X
Volume 07, Issue 05, May 2019 UGC Journal No.: 64650
SMART BLIND MAN STICK
Dr. Ravi M K[1] , Pramodh Punithan D[2] , Yatish S [3]
1
Assistant professor, Dept of ECE, RRIT
2,3 th
8 sem Dept. of ECE, RRIT
ABSTRACT
This paper describes the smart stick with the use of arduino nano. The life of blind and visually
impaired people is very different. They face many difficulties in their life and they can not go to any
places without taking any help from others. Since they cannot see, they often get hit by objects in
roads like poles, walls, vehicles, people etc. as a result they may severely injured. It may leads to face
humiliation and lose confidence in themselves. There are chances that they can get lost. In such cases,
it is very difficult for their family members to find them. Even though they are provided with stick, in
which they can only able to detect the obstacles in front of them. It is not much helpful for them in
order to avoid obstacles, the Smart Stick for Blind people in which visually impaired person can be
able to detect the object from a further distance and they could avoid it using ultra sonic sensors, and
if they are lost, by using GPRS and GSM modules their family members can track them easily by
sending a message to the stick. If the stick get lost he can find his stick by pressing the remote button
then buzzer sound will come from the stick, so he can go collect the stick. We also provided one
emergency SOS button at the thumb in case of emergency. If anything accidentally happens at that
time he can use the SOS button.
Keywords: Arduino nano, GPRS, GSM, Smart stick, Ultrasonic sensor
I. INTRODUTION
Blind people facing a lot of difficulties in their daily life while crossing the roads. Since they can not
move to one place to other place without taking any help from others. They can get damaged from the
obstacles while walking so as a result we proposed the smart blind man stick with the fallowing
features. This walking stick is an alternative to the traditional walking stick. Here, we are using
Arduino NANO board with Atmega328 microcontroller, ultrasonic sensor to detect the object in front
of the person within the range of 2cm-400cm, LDR is used to detect whether it is day or night, GSM
and GPS modules are used to track the exact location of the blind person, RF transreceiver is used to
find his stick if stick is misplaced by pressing the remote. RF transreceiver is turned on when the stick
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International Journal of Scientific Research and Review ISSN No.: 2279-543X
Volume 07, Issue 05, May 2019 UGC Journal No.: 64650
is in off condition, we also used the water sensor to check whether the stick is operating on dry or wet
field and it gives a response by vibrating the stick so he can aware of the water on ground.
II. PROPOSED SYSTEM
The Smart Man Blind Stick will help the Blind and Severely Visually Impaired people to walk and
roam across the city where they want to very easily with surety of not getting hit by any kind of
obstacle. As well as we will have track of the route they travel with the help of GPS. If they are in any
kind of problem of feel stuck/ lost, they only need to press the button in their Smart Blind Man Stick
and with the help of GPS their close ones will get their latitude and longitude through which they can
be found easily.
This project is also provided with one SOS button at the thumb in case of emergency. If anything
accidentally happens at that time he can use the SOS button so his close ones or his relatives can track
the exact location of the blind person with latitude and longitude via Google maps and also this stick
is added with RF transreceiver so he can find his stick if it is misplaced, by pressing the remote button
then buzzer sound will come from the stick so he can take back the stick easily. It is get turned on
when the stick is in of
condition.
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Volume 07, Issue 05, May 2019 UGC Journal No.: 64650
IV. OVERVIEW OF THE SYSTEM
4.1 Arduino NANO board:
The Arduino nano is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It has 14 digital input/output
pins in which 6 can be used as PWM outputs, A0-A7 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the
microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or
battery to get started.
4.2 Ultrasonic ranging module :
Ultrasonic ranging module HC-SR04 is used so that blind person can feel safe while walking on the road. If
any objects arrived with in a range of 2cm to 400cm then stick gives him a response by vibrating and also with
a buzzer sound so he can aware of that object. We added pair of ultrasonic ranging modules so the stick can
detect the lower objects small stones and higher objects too.
Figure 2: Ultrasonic ranging module
4.3 Light dependent resistor:
An LDR or Light dependent resistor is also known as photo resistor, photocell, photoconductor. It is a one type
of resistor whose resistance varies depending on the amount of light falling on its surface. When the light falls
on the resistor, then the resistance changes. These resistors are often used in many circuits where it is required
to sense the presence of light. These resistors have a variety of functions and resistance. For instance, when the
LDR is in darkness, then it can be used to turn ON a light or to turn OFF a light when it is in the light.
4.4 GSM and GPS module:
In this module through GPS and GSM the longitude and latitude of the stick is tracked which is sent to the
emergency contact in emergency situations. The latitude and longitude of the stick is sent as a text message. A
GSM modem is a device which can be either a mobile phone or a modem device which can be used to make a
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Volume 07, Issue 05, May 2019 UGC Journal No.: 64650
computer or any other processor communicate over a network. A GSM modem requires a SIM card to be
operated and operates over a network range subscribed by the network operator. It can be connected to a
computer through serial, USB or Bluetooth connection.
A GPS device will retrieve from the GPS system location and time info altogether atmospheric condition, any
place on or close to the planet. A GPS reception needs Associate in Nursing patent line of sight to four or
additional GPS satellites.
4.5 RF Transreceiver:
In this module RF transreceiver is used so he can find his stick if it is misplaced, by pressing the remote button
then buzzer sound will come from the stick so he can take back the stick easily. It is get turned on when the stick
is in of condition.
The RF module is a small size electronic device, that is used to transmit or receive radio signals between two
devices. The main application of RF module is an embedded system to communicate with another device
wirelessly. This communication may be accomplished through radio frequency communication. For various
applications the medium of choice is radio frequency since it does not need line of sight.
V. METHODOLOGY
The system is initialized with few predefined values. Later a frequency of 40khz for 0.25ms is generated and
sent to the ultrasonic sensor using the pins trigger and echo. Later the reflected signals are computed in the AVR
controller. If the received signal is within the predefined range, then it is noted on the memory. If the received
signal is out of range, then it is calculated by algorithm. If the detected signal is greater then, a trigger pulse is
initiated to indicate or caution the blind person of some obstacle. The algorithm also calculates the distance at
which the obstacle is present which is too near or far from the blind person, and notifies the user. By using the
ultrasonic sensor some of the experiments are carried out to calculate the distance of objects which we frame it
as an obstacle.
V1. CONCLUSION
The main purpose of this project is to produce a prototype that can detect objects or obstacles in front of users
and gives a warning back, in the forms of vibrations and buzzer sound, to users so they can aware of the
obstacles. Combination of ultrasonic sensors and a microcontroller function for detection of obstacles in front of
them. This project is to help people with disabilities that are blind to facilitate the movement and increase
safety. They can even find the stick if it is misplaced with in the range of 70-80m by pressing the remote button
of RF transmitter.
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Volume 07, Issue 05, May 2019 UGC Journal No.: 64650
The components or parts that we used in the stick are also easily available and less in cost. And besides all that
the manufacturing cost is also quite low, that makes the stick affordable for people of all class and age.
VII. Future scope
The programmable wheels would steer the stick away from the obstacles and also leading the blind
person towards the destination.
Internet of Things is a trending concept which can increase the benefits of the smart stick by allowing
one stick to communicate with another smart stick (or mobile , PCs) nearby to utilize the functionality
of the other stick when one stick’s functionality breaks down
More sensors can be used for further application.
Android application can be developed.
In further we can connect aadhar card details of the blind person so it will help the government to
serve the physically challenged persons even better
VIII. Acknowledgement
I would thank my Guide Dr. Ravi M K, Assistant professor, Dept of ECE, RRIT for giving me the
opportunity to complete my project in our college, who also helped me in various stages of project and making
this project to a success.
IX. REFERENCE
Ayat A. Nada, Mahmoud A.Fakhr, Ahmed F.Seddik, Egypt. IEEE Conference. “Assistive Infrared
Sensor Based Smart Stick for Blind People”.
Ahmed EL-KOKA, Gi-Hyun HWANG, Dae-Ki Kang, Korea. ISSN: 978-89-5519-163-9. “Advanced
Electronics Based Smart Mobility Aid for the Visually Impaired Society”.
R. L. A. Kuranov and V. Pisarevsky, An empirical analysis of boosting algorithms for rapid objects
with an extended set of Haarlike features, Intel Technical Report MRLTR-July 02-01, 2002.
A. Dodds, D. Clark-Carter, and C. Howarth, The sonic PathFinder: an evaluation, Journal of Visual
Impairment
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