FOR

BY
Islamiat Inter -2- Ch # 1
Islamiat Inter -3- Ch # 1

DEDICATED
TO MY
BELOVED FATHER
&
MY
STUDENTS
Islamiat Inter -4- Ch # 1

EXAMINATION PAPER, BISE LAHORE

Roll No:____________ (to be filled in by the candidate)

ISLAMIC EDUCATION (Compulsory)

(Inter Part – I) 2011
(OBJECTIVE TYPE)
Time Allowed:15 Minutes Maximum Marks: 10
Note: Write answers to the questions on the objective
answer sheet provided. Four possible answers A,B,C and D
to each question are given. The answer you consider
correct, fill the circle A,B,C,or D with pen or marker ink to
each question on the answer sheet provided.
1. First of all acount of --- will be taken on the Day of
Judgment:
(a) Zakat (b) Fasting (c) Prayer (d) Pilgrimage
2. Nabi means:
(a) Informer (b) Teacher (c) Messenger (d) Teller
3. The meaning of Prophethood is:
(a) To worship (b) To obey
(c) To admit (d) To give message
4. The First Revelation came upon the Holy Prophet (SAW):
(a) In Baitullah (b) In Arafat
(c) In Cave Sowr (d) In Cave Hira
5. The literal meaning of Zakat is:
(a) To decrease (b) To spend (c) To
increase (d) To purify
6. The first Islamic faith is:
(a) Oneness (b) Prayer (c) Fasting (d) Day of
judgment
7. The preserved book is:
(a) Taurat (b) Anjeel (c) Al-Bukhari (d)
Holy Quran
8. The number of Pillars of Islam is:
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 8
9. The Nisab of Gold is:
Islamiat Inter -5- Ch # 1
(a) Seven Tolas (b) Five Tolas
(c) Eight Tolas (d) Seven and half
Tolas
10. The first Muslim state was founded in:
(a) Taaif (b) Baghdad (c) Makkah (d) Madina
Islamiat Inter -6- Ch # 1

Examination Paper, BISE Lahore

Roll No:____________ (to be filled in by the candidate)

ISLAMIC EDUCATION (Compulsory)

(Inter Part – I) 2011
(ESSAY TYPE)
Time Allowed:1:45 Minutes Maximum Marks: 40

(PART-I)
Note: Out of Q. No 1,2 and 3 write any twelve (12) short
answers. While writing answer write Q. no. and its part
carefully. Each part carries two marks. (24)
1. (i) Which is the sin, Allah Almighty does not excuse
in any circumstances?
(ii) Who is responsible for preservation of the Holy
Quran?
(iii) What is the literal meaning of hereafter?
(iv) What is difference between Rasool and Nabi?
(v) Write any two effects about Faith of Tauheed on
human life.
(vi) Which are two things necessary for eternal
redemption?
2. (i) Write four benefits of Salat.
(ii) Write two benefits of Hajj.
(iii) Write the kinds of jehad.
(iv) Write two rights of Parents.
(v) What is meant by honesty?
(vi) What is meant by backbiting?
Islamiat Inter -7- Ch # 1

3. (i) Translate:

(ii) Translate:

(iii) Write two books of Ahadith relating to Fiqaah

Jaferia.
(iv) Write the name of the author of Sahifa-e-Sadiqa.
(v) What is Rishta-e-Muakhaat?
(vi) Write first two revealed Quranic Verses.

(PART – II)
Note: Attempt any TWO questions from the following.
4. Describe the important characteristics of the Holy Quran.
(8)
5. What is meant by Pillars of Islam? Write a note on any one
of them. (8)
6. What do you know about editing of Quran-e-Majeed. (8)
Islamiat Inter -8- Ch # 1

EXAMINATION PAPER, BISE LAHORE

Roll No:____________ (to be filled in by the candidate)
ISLAMIC EDUCATION (Compulsory)
(Inter Part – I) 2011
(OBJECTIVE TYPE)
Time Allowed:15 Minutes Maximum Marks: 10
Note: Write answers to the questions on the objective
answer sheet provided. Four possible answers A,B,C and D
to each question are given. The answer you consider
correct, fill the circle A,B,C,or D with pen or marker ink to
each question on the answer sheet provided.
1. The first revelation came upon the Holy Prophet (SAW) in:
(a) Bait Ullah (b) Arafat (c) Hira Cave (d) Cave of Sowr
2. Heaven is under the feet of:
(a) Teachers (b) Elders (c) Fathers (d) Mothers
3. Literal meaning of Jehad is:
(a) To get knowledge (b) To earn
(c) To try (d) To kill
4. Basic objective of fasting is:
(a) To purify self (b) Co-operation
(c) to get Taqwa (d) To help religion
5. The literal meaning of Zakat is:
(a) To decrease (b) To spend (c) To increase(d) To purify
6. The meaning of Nabi is:
(a) Teacher (b) Informer (c) Teller (d) Messenger
7. It is mentioned in the Holy Quran:
(a) A few Prophets (b) All the Prophets
(c) Six Prophets (d) Eleven Prophets
8. The kinds of neighbours are:
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 40
9. The number of Masaraf-e-Zakat are:
(a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 6 (d) 7
10. The author’s name of is:
(a) Imam Malik (b) Imam Makhool
(c) Hazart Ali (d) Imam Abu Hanifa
Islamiat Inter -9- Ch # 1

Examination Paper, BISE Lahore

Roll No:____________ (to be filled in by the candidate)
ISLAMIC EDUCATION (Compulsory)
(Inter Part – I) 2011
(ESSAY TYPE)
Time Allowed:1:45 Minutes Maximum Marks: 40
(PART-I)
Note: Out of Q. No 1,2 and 3 write any twelve (12) short
answers. While writing answer write Q. no. and its
part carefully. Each part carries two marks.
(24)
1. (i) Write two qualities of Prophets.
(ii) Write two effects of Hereafter life on human
life.
(iii) Describe the meaning of Revelation.
(iv) Write names of any two angels and their duties.
(v) Write two kinds of Shirk.
(vi) Describe the instance of Belief and Action.
2. (i) Write two benefits of Hajj.
(ii) Write the pillars of Islam.
(iii) What are the literal meaning of Taqwa?
(iv) Lay down two aims of fasting.
(v) Translate the Kalma-e-Shahadat.
(vi) Write two benefits of Zakat.
3. (i) Translate:

(ii) Translate:
(iii) What is meant by Sihah-e-Sitta?
(iv) How did the Holy Prophet (SAW) practically
perform equality?
(v) What is the best form of Zikr?
(vi) What is meant by Tasbeeh-e-Fatima (R.A)?
(PART – II)
Note: Attempt any TWO questions from the following.
Islamiat Inter -10- Ch # 1
4. Describe the effects of Oneness of Allah on the human life.
(8)
5. Describe the individual and collective advantages of Salat.
(8)
6. Narrate the benefits of Fasting. (8)
Islamiat Inter -11- Ch # 1

CONTENTS
S. No. PARTICULARS Page #

BOARD PAPERS
 iii

1. FUNDAMENTAL BELIEFS 1

2. ISLAMIC IDENTITY 55

3. USWA OF THE 145

HOLY PROPHET (PBUH)

4. INTRODUCTION TO 169
QURAN AND HADITH
Islamiat Inter -12- Ch # 1

CHAPTER 1
Islamiat Inter -13- Ch # 1

FUNDAMENTAL BELIEFS

The fundamental beliefs , which serve as the

solid foundations of a religion, are called its doctrines
(Articles of faith). Every action of man is motivated by his
beliefs. These beliefs dominate his mind and heart and
serve as incentives for his actions.
Meaning and Definition:
The root of the Arabic word (belief) is
which means to tie a knot. Therefore means something
knotted. “The firm and unchangeable beliefs of man are
called .”
Illustration and Importance of Belief:
We can illustrate the importance of beliefs with the
metaphor of seed. One's belief is like a seed and one's
action is the plant growing out of this seed. Obviously the
plant contains the characteristics possessed by the seed.
Same is the relationship between one's belief and actions.
The better the belief is, the nobler the action will be. It is
for this reason that all the Prophets of Allah Almighty
started their preaching with an effort to reform the basic
beliefs.
Fundamental Beliefs of Islam:
The Holy Prophet Muhammad also emphasized the
change of basic beliefs while taking up his mission. The
fundamental beliefs (Articles of Faith) of Islam are, to
believe in:
 Oneness of Allah Almighty
 Prophethood
 Angels
 Divine (Revealed) Books
 The Day of Judgment. (Hereafter)
These are told by the Holy Quran as:
Islamiat Inter -14- Ch # 1

But it is righteousness to believe in Allah and the Last Day,

the Angels, the Book and the Messengers.
1. Oneness of Allah:
Among the Islamic beliefs the first is "The Belief in
the Oneness and Unity of Allah " . The root of the
word (Oneness) is which means One, so means
"Allah is One and Unique" and that human beings and all
things are His humble creations and subordinates to Him.
He alone is worthy of worship. He is the Creator and the
Sustainer. The Holy Quran says:

Your God is One God; there is no God but He, Most

Gracious, Most Merciful.
All the Prophets, Hazrat Adam(A.S) to Hazrat
Muhammad taught the Oneness of Allah.
2. Prophethood:
According to the dictionary Prophethood means,
"Communicating or imparting a message". In religious
terminology a Prophet is he who is sent for
propagating Allah's teachings to the people. Allah
Almighty has sent about 124 thousand Prophets to this
world to guide human beings to the straight path of life.
The Prophets were intensely pious and upright men who
received their instructions from the Almighty through
revelation which means infusing into the heart.

3. Angels:
is plural word of which means a messenger.
The word is also used for angel. Like human beings,
Islamiat Inter -15- Ch # 1
angels are also creation of Allah Almighty. They are made
of light . They are neither male nor female and only
Allah Almighty knows the number of angels. They are
always busy in doing the tasks assigned to them by Allah
Almighty besides hymning His praises. To believe in Angels
as a creation of Allah Almighty is a fundamental element of
faith.
4. Divine (Revealed) Books:
Belief in Revealed books is another fundamental belief
of Islam. Allah Almighty has revealed books and Scrolls
to his Messengers. It is necessary for a Muslim to
have belief in these books. The books revealed to the
Prophets contained the teachings and commands of Allah
Almighty. The remarkable four books are:
 The Taurat :
Revealed to Hazrat Musa (Moses) A.S.
 The Zabur :
Revealed to Hazrat Daud (David) A.S.
 The Injeel :
Revealed to Hazrat Issa (Jesus) A.S.
 The Holy Quran :

Revealed to Hazrat Muhammad

5. The World Hereafter (The Day of Judgment):
The one of the most important articles of faith of a
Muslim is “Belief in the Day of Judgment”. The word
refers to that which comes after, the future or the last. It is
the opposite of which denotes something closer or
nearby. In religious terms it means that man does not
perish altogether after death. But his spirit remains intact
till the time when Allah Almighty will infuse that spirit in
the dead body and will again revive it to reward or punish
him for his good and bad actions. The virtuous people will
Islamiat Inter -16- Ch # 1
be granted a place in the paradise which is full of blessings
of Allah Almighty. The evil people will be put in hell which
is a place of torture as Allah Almighty says in the Holy
Quran:

Is for the Righteous, they will be in Bliss; And the

Wicked, they will be in the Fire.
ONENESS OF ALLAH :
Among the Islamic beliefs the first is “Belief in
Oneness of Allah .” This belief is not only the first and
foremost belief of Islam but also the belief of the first man,
Hazrat Adam A.S.
Meaning of the word :
The root of the word is which means one,
single. Therefore, the word means to consider one.
Definition:
This belief means that we should accept that Allah
Almighty is the Creator and sovereign of the entire
universe and He is the only one fit and worthy to be
worshiped. We should pray to Allah Almighty and obey His
commands.
Main Point of the Preaching of All the Prophets:
All the Prophets from Hazrat Adam (A.S) to the last
Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad preached Oneness
of Allah Almighty Who created each and every object in
the universe and all creatures live under His authority.
EXISTENCE OF ALLAH ALMIGHTY

According to rational approach, nothing can come

into existence without a maker or creator. Whenever we
look at something, we always think of its creator. For
Islamiat Inter -17- Ch # 1
instance, we think of a builder when we see a house, while a
watch reminds us of its maker otherwise we cannot justify
its reality. Therefore, the universe draws our attention to
its creator. Following are the points that make us on logical
basis realize the existence of Allah Almighty:
Creation of the Universe:
We cannot even imagine that a universe so large and
compact can come into being without any creator. This well
organized and well-coordinated world invites us to accept
the existence of Allah Almighty. Allah says in the Holy
Quran:

Can there be any doubt concerning Allah, the Creator of the

Heavens and the earth?
Systematic Arrangement in the Universe:
If we look, we see accuracy, harmony and precision
in the universe. This organization and discipline assure us
the existence of a creator. Allah Almighty says:

3
,
4

Who has made seven heavens one above the other. You will
not see any flaw in the creation of the Most Kind. Just raise
your looks again and see! do you see any crack (flaw)
therein? Then look again and again, your look will come
back to you defeated and fatigued.
Movement of the Stars:
Islamiat Inter -18- Ch # 1
The sun and the moon are moving in their orbits.
The sun does not enter the orbit of the moon and the moon
does not move towards the sun. The day and night pass
within their fixed schedules. The Holy Quran mentions:

It is not for the sun to overtake the moon, nor does the night
outstrip the day. They all float each in an orbit.
Specific Pattern in the Universe:
In the universe things have been created in a specific
proportion with perfect organization. As the Holy Quran
declares:

Verily, all things have We created in proportion and measure.

Regularity of Day and Night:
The regularity of day and night, the movement of
the moon, the sun and the earth indicates the presence of a
super and sublime power, governing it. In the Holy Quran,
Allah Almighty says:

Behold! in the creation of the heavens and earth, and the

alternation of the night and day, there are indeed Signs for
men of understanding.
Harmony and Artistry in the Creation of Universe:
Harmony and strength of this universe also
demonstrate that it is all the wisdom and skill of Allah
Almighty. The Holy Quran declares:
Islamiat Inter -19- Ch # 1
(Such is) the artistry of Allah, Who dispose of all things in
perfect order.
Creation of Man:
As the earth, the sky and the entire universe are
evidence of the existence of Allah Almighty man also echoes
this fact. The Holy Quran challenges the atheist in the
following words:

Were they created of nothing, or were they themselves the

creators? Or did they create the heavens and the earth? Nay,
they have no firm belief.
Human Nature:
A study of history shows that the civilized as well as
the savage had the concept of the belief in the existence of
Omnipotent Allah. Archaeological research shows that
even the primitive societies and nations believed in
Allah in one form or another. So, it is clear that faith in
Allah is a part of human nature. The Holy Qur'an declares:

Allah's handwork according to pattern on which he has made

mankind.
Signs Scattered on Earth and in Us:
If we look around on the earth and also look into
ourselves we shall come to know that there must be a
creator. That is why it is said,

"He who recognizes himself recognizes God"

The Holy Qur'an says:
Islamiat Inter -20- Ch # 1
On the earth are Signs for those of assured Faith. As also in
your own selves; will ye not then see?
The creator of the universe is only Allah:
The creator of the universe is only Allah Almighty.
This should be the inevitable conclusion of human
thought. If there had been more than one God their
collision and confrontation would result in the total
collapse of the universe. The existence of the universe in an
organized form is a proof that there is one Allah Almighty.
The Holy Qur'an confirms thus:

If there were in the heavens and the earth, other gods besides
Allah, there would have been confusion in both.
AL LAH ALMIGHTY AND HIS
CHARACTERISTICS
(Allah & His Attributes)

The belief in the Oneness of Allah Almighty calls for

a faith in the existence of Allah Almighty with all His
unique characteristics. We can say there are three types of
Oneness :
1. Unique in Existence (being):
Singleness of Allah's existence means that there is no
one to share His entity and reality. No one is equal to Him.
He has no parents and no offspring. As no one shares in the
existence of Allah Almighty therefore Allah Almighty is
neither the son nor daughter of any one nor does He have
any son or daughter. Allah Almighty says thus:
Islamiat Inter -21- Ch # 1
Say: He is Allah. The One and Only. Allah, the Eternal,
Absolute. He begeteth not, Nor is He Begotten. And there is
none like unto Him.
2. Unique in Attributes:
The unity of the characteristics of Allah Almighty
means that Allah Almighty possesses power and
characteristics which are found in no one else. He is unique
in his knowledge, power, will, hearing, sight and all other
qualities. Allah Almighty is unique in his characteristics
because He created the entire Universe and is its
Controller, Master and Sustainer. No other creature,
whether an angel, a Prophet, a saint or a martyr can have
such attributes as are special to Allah Almighty. The Holy
Qur'an says:

There is nothing what ever like unto Him and He is the one
that hears and sees (All things).
3. Unique Relating to the Implication of His Attributes:

Allah Almighty is the Nourisher and Provider of all

His creations. It is imperative that mankind should refrain
from equating Him with any other being or object and
submit and pray only to Him in all humility. All the
creatures are bound to bow and worship only Him and
accept no one as the sharer of His power. As the Holy
Qur'an declares:

And I Allah created not jinn and men but that they should
worship Me (Alone).
SHIRK
(Ascribing Partners to Allah Almighty)
Islamiat Inter -22- Ch # 1
The belief in the Oneness of Allah is the first
and foremost belief. Shirk or the idea of any one sharing
the authority of Allah is a later development.
Meaning:
Shirk literally means "Sharing" or "Partnership".
Definition:
In terms of religion, Shirk means to believe and
accept some one as the sharer and partner of Allah
Almighty in His entity or His characteristics or the
demands thereof.
Causes of Shirk:
The first human being on the earth i.e. Hazrat
Adam , the first Prophet, believed in the Oneness of
Allah Almighty. He preached his fundamental belief to his
offspring. As the human population increased and
scattered, the people forgot the teachings of Hazrat Adam
and started believing and worshipping many gods instead
of one Allah Almighty. Following were the causes:
 Fear:
The people considered all horrible and powerful
objects as gods and started idolizing them. They fashioned
the god of fire, god of sea and god of winds.
 Benefit:
Similarly they also started worshipping useful
objects like cow, rivers etc.
 Love and Respect:
People also started worshiping their rulers out of
love and respect.
CONDEMNATION OF SHIRK:
Allah Almighty sent many Prophets one after the
other to remind the people of the belief in the Oneness of
Allah Almighty and to condemn the idea of any one sharing
the powers of Allah Almighty. A gist of the teachings of the
Holy Qur'an is as under:
Islamiat Inter -23- Ch # 1
The Greatest Wrong:
In the Holy Quran Shirk has been declared as great
wrong. Allah Almighty says:

False worship is indeed the highest wrong doing.

Unforgiveable Sin:
In the Holy Quran Shirk has also been declared as
the wrong that will not be forgiven.

Allah forgives not that equals should be set up with Him; but
He forgives anything else, to whom He pleases;
Cause of Decline:
According to the Holy Qur'an ascribing partner to
Almighty Allah is the cause of dropping from the height.

And whoever associates anything with Allah; it is as though

he had fallen from the sky.
Deprives a man of Paradise:
The person who ascribes partner to Almighty Allah
remains deprived of Paradise as the Holy Qur'an says:

Certainly whosoever associates any one with Allah; Allah has

forbidden Paradise to him.
Abhorable Action:
The Holy Qur'an has declared them as

O you who believe! The associators are simply unclean.

Islamiat Inter -24- Ch # 1
TYPES OF SHIRK
There are three Types (categories) of shirk.
1.Shirk in The Entity of Allah:
This means the belief in the existence of someone
equal to Allah Almighty or having some physical or family
relation to Him. One form of this belief is to accept some
one as equal to Allah Almighty and the second form is to
consider Allah Almighty as the offspring of someone or to
consider someone as the offspring of Allah Almighty.
Therefore, belief in the existence of two or more gods is
Shirk. Similarly to consider some one as the son or
daughter of Allah Almighty is also shirk. Allah Almighty
says:

He begetteth not, nor is He begotten. And there is none like

unto Him.
2. Shirk in The Characteristics of Allah:
This means that the belief that characteristics of
Allah Almighty are possessed by someone else or to
consider that someone else possesses the same knowledge,
power and will similar to Allah Almighty or to consider
some one Omnipotent as Allah Almighty is Shirk. Allah
Almighty says in the Holy Quran:

There is nothing like Him.

Every creature is dependent on Allah Almighty and
all its qualities are granted by Allah Almighty. However, all
characteristics of Allah Almighty are inherent and not
granted by anyone else.
3. Shirk in the Demands of The Characteristics:
Islamiat Inter -25- Ch # 1
Allah Almighty possesses great qualities. The
demand of these qualities is that only Allah Almighty is
worthy of worship and obedience. Only Allah Almighty
should be the center of our obedience and love, hope and
fear. It should be our faith that Allah Almighty is the
provider and sovereign. Man should follow the laws laid
down by Allah Almighty. All other laws must be
subservient to the laws of Allah Almighty. It is said in the
Holy Quran:

And your Lord has commanded that you should worship

none but Him alone.

And your Allah is One Allah, There is no God But He

And he who does not judge by that (Book) which Allah

Almighty has sent down, it is those who are the wrongdoers.

The Command is for none but Allah

Disadvantages of Shirk:
Shirk affects human life badly. Man remains no
supereme creature only because of Shirk. Following are
some disadvantages of Shirk:
1. Loss of self-respect
2. Arrogance and Vanity (Proud Behaviour)
3. Narrow-mindedness
4. Cowardice
5. Pessimism
6. Sinful life
Islamiat Inter -26- Ch # 1
Allah Almighty must be considered as the real
provider and we should offer thanks to Him sincerely. The
expression of gratitude to Allah Almighty should be made
in letter and spirit. We should worship only Allah Almighty
and in our life we should never consider any one else as a
sharer in the powers and authority of Allah Almighty.
We should always take care that shirk is not only
the worship of stone or wooden idols but also the belief that
our needs can be fulfilled by someone other than Allah
Almighty. In case of every difficulty we should seek the
help and blessings of Allah Almighty, the most powerful
and the most merciful. There are a large number of
Muslims who verbally believe in Allah Almighty but they
beg fellow human beings to help them in their problems
like health, employment, offspring, etc, as if they had the
same power and authority as possessed by Allah Almighty
only. Allah Almighty describes this human weakness as
under:

Yet they take (for worship) gods others than Allah, (Hoping)
that they might be helped! They have not the power to help
them' but they will be brought up (before Our judgment-seat)
as a troop (to be condemned)

Or who is there that can provide you with sustenance if He

were to withhold His Provision?
THE EFFECTS OF THE BELIEF IN ONENESS OF
ALLAH ON HUMAN LIFE
Islamiat Inter -27- Ch # 1
The belief in the Oneness of Allah brings about
remarkable and revolutionary changes in the personality of
man, described as under:
1. Self-respect:
The belief in the Oneness of Allah Almighty creates
self-respect in man who believes that his Creator, Master,
Source of powers and Sovereign is Allah Almighty. A true
believer bows only before Allah Almighty and fears only
Him. He has no need to degrade himself by worshipping
lifeless idols or powerful human beings.
2. Humbleness:
Tauheed develops an attitude of humility because a
true believer realizes that he is helpless before Allah
Almighty and everything in his possession is a gift of Allah
Almighty Who is the only provider as well as depriver.
Therefore, there is no justification for man to show
arrogance.

And the servants of ((Allah)) Most Gracious are those who

walk on the earth in humility,
3. Broad-mindedness:
A believer in the Oneness of Allah Almighty is never
narrow-minded. He has firm faith in the mercy and
beneficence of Allah Almighty Who is the Creator and
Provider of the universe. As a result, a true believer
possesses a universal sense of sympathy, love and service.
He works for the betterment of mankind as his first and
foremost ideal.
4. Courage and Determination
Belief in Allah Almighty makes a man brave and
determined. A true believer knows that Allah Almighty is
Omnipotent and very object in the universe has been
created by Him. Therefore, only Allah Almighty is fit to be
worshipped and obeyed. This belief enables the believer not
Islamiat Inter -28- Ch # 1
to be afraid of anyone else. He becomes an embodiment of
courage and determination. He is able to challenge and defy
the greatest of tyrants. He becomes an image of the
following verse of the Holy Quran:

Surely those who said: "Our Lord is Allah, "then held fast to
it- they have nothing to fear nor shall they grieve.
5. Optimism and Contentment:
A true believer is never disappointed and always
waits for the blessings and help of Allah Almighty. He
knows that Allah Almighty is always with him.

Despair not of the mercy of Allah.

Allah Almighty is the Most Merciful and Beneficent
and His blessings are numberless. When a man seeks
blessings and help of Allah Almighty, he is full of
contentment.

Listen carefully! Surely in the Remembrance of Allah alone

there is the satisfaction of hearts.
6. Piety:
The belief in Oneness of Allah Almighty creates
piety in the heart of man. It is the faith of every true
believer that Allah Almighty knows the innermost secrets
of man. A man may be able to conceal his crimes from the
eyes of other people but Allah Almighty always has the
knowledge of his deeds as well as intentions. This faith
prevents a man from committing sins in public or in private
and encourages him to perform good deeds. A good human
society is always based on good deeds of the people. A man
Islamiat Inter -29- Ch # 1
can perform good actions if his heart is enlightened with
the power of true faith.
7. Unity and Brotherhood:
Belief in Oneness of Allah Almighty purges human
mind of all the prejudices of colour and creed. Thus all the
believers become a brotherhood. As declared by the Holy
Qur'an:

Verily all the faithful are brothers.

CONCLUSION:
Faith and good actions are essential for our welfare
and salvation. It has been repeatedly observed in the Holy
Quran:

3
:
Except such as have Faith, and do righteous deeds
As a tree is known by its root the faith is recognized
by good action of a man. If a man claims that he possesses
faith but his conduct and action is not good it means that he
is not a true believer. The belief in the Oneness of Allah
Almighty demands that one should perform good deeds
and avoid committing evil deeds.
PROPHETHOOD
Among Islamic beliefs Risalat or belief in
Prophethood comes after the belief in the Oneness of Allah.
MEANING:
The word Risalat is an Arabic word. It means
"communication of a message" and the messanger is called
(Rasool).
DEFINITION:
Islamiat Inter -30- Ch # 1
In religious terms Prophethood means the office of a
Messenger or Prophet sent by Allah Almighty to mankind
to convey His religious teachings. He sent more than one
hundered thousand Prophets to this world.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RASOOL AND NABI :
Rasool means messenger. Rasool is also called
"Nabi". The word Nabi means informer (news-giver). As
Rasool informs the people of the commands of Allah
Almighty he is also called a "Nabi". Rasool is the Nabi who
is granted with a revealed book. Nabi is to follow the
teachings of the book revealed to any of the Rasools. A Nabi
is not given a book.
BELIEF IN PROPHETHOOD:
The Prophets are very noble and pious members of
their society, who received revelation from Allah Almighty
containing His orders. The first among them was Hazrat
Adam , while the last one is our Holy Prophet
Hazrat Muhammad . These Prophets came to the
world to guide human beings to the straight path of life.
The Holy Qur'an declares:

And there is not a nation but a Warner hath passed among

them
(in the past).
To have belief in all the Prophets is an important
belief among the basic pillars of faith in Islam. In the chain
of Prophets the last one is Hazrat Muhammad who
concluded this chain. Now all the people of the world are
bound to follow the teachings of the last Prophet. However,
every Muslim is required to believe in the Prophethood of
all the Prophets without any discrimination.
Islamiat Inter -31- Ch # 1
We make no distinction (they say) between one and another
of His Messengers.
It is necessary that we acknowledge that all the
Prophets are true and pious and worthy of our respect.
Islam does not allow recognizing certain Prophets and
rejecting others. This is a heresy Allah says:

Those who deny Allah and His Messengers, and (those who)
wish to separate Allah from His Messengers, say: "We
believe in some, but reject others" and (those who) wish to
take a course midway. They are in truth (equally)
unbelievers.
The Revelation "WAHI" :
Wahi " " means to hint at or secretly suggest
something to a person. In Islamic terms "Wahi" is that
message of Allah Almighty which is revealed to a Prophet
directly (either placed directly in his heart or transmitted
to him by a voice from behind a veil) or through an angel.
The Holy Qur'an tells:

It is not fitting for a man that Allah should speak to him

except by inspiration, or from behind a veil, or by the sending
Islamiat Inter -32- Ch # 1
of a Messenger to reveal, with Allah’s permission what God
wills.
PROPHETS MENTIONED IN THE HOLY QUR'AN:
Allah Almighty sent Prophets for the guidance of
different nations in the world. It is said in the Holy Quran:

For We assuredly sent amongst every People a messenger

According to certain narrations the number of
Prophets inducted in the world is 124000. However, only a
few Prophets have been mentioned by name in the Holy
Quran:

We did aforetime send Messengers before thee of them there

are some whose story. We, have related to thee, and some
whose story. We have not related to thee.
IMPORTANCE: (THE NEED FOR A PROPHET)
Allah Almighty has sent Prophets at all times since
the first Prophet Hazrat Adam. The purpose was to educate
the people against their arch enemy devil (Satan).
Following points will clarify it.
DEMONSTRATION THROUGH MAN
Allah Almighty delegated Prophets for the guidance
of mankind from amongst human beings because they can
only be properly guided by a man like them. The following
verse of the Holy Quran indicates the wisdom of revealing
the message of Allah Almighty to a Prophet:
Islamiat Inter -33- Ch # 1
And We have sent down unto thee (also) the Message; that
thou mayest explain clearly to men what is sent for them.
The Holy Prophet was required to present
himself as a living model and an ideal man during his life
time. Not only was he responsible to convey the message of
Allah Almighty but he was also responsible to reform
human life according to this message.
ESTABLISHMENT OF MODEL SOCIETY:
The communication of the message of Allah
Almighty could be accomplished through angels but mere
communication was not the real object. It was essential to
ensure full compliance of the commands of Allah Almighty
that this message should be conveyed to human beings by a
man who, despite being a perfect man, may face the
problems and difficulties experienced by ordinary human
beings. It was expected of him that he would constitute a
model society based on the system of life laid down by the
divine message.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PROPHETS
Allah Almighty sent Prophets to all the nations in all
parts of world. They were granted different qualities
according to their time and area. However all the Prophets
had some common qualities, these are:
1. AS A MAN:
Allah Almighty has always bestowed Prophethood
upon human beings. An angel or Jin (Giant) was never
chosen to act as a Prophet. Allah Almighty says in the Holy
Quran:

Nor did We send before thee (As Messengers) any but men,
whom We did inspire.
Although Prophets are human beings yet Allah
Almighty blesses them with such qualities as are not found
in other human beings. Some people had the wrong
Islamiat Inter -34- Ch # 1
impression that a Prophet should be an angel instead of a
human being. Allah Almighty has corrected this idea in the
following verse:

Say If there were settled, on earth, angels walking about in

peace and quiet, We should certainly have sent them down
from the heavens an angel for a Messenger.
2. HOLDER OF TRUST:
Prophethood is a trust which is a gift of Allah
Almighty and cannot be attained by a person by virtue of
his diligence and struggle. This status also cannot be
obtained through prolonged worship or fasting. This is
simply a gift of Allah Almighty granted to a person who
wins His blessing:

Such is the Bounty of Allah Almighty, which He bestows on

whom He will.
However, the status of Prophethood was granted to
only those persons who possessed sublime qualities of
virtue piety, wisdom, courage and determination.

3. PREACHER OF ALLAH:

The teachings and commands conveyed to the

people by a Prophet are revealed by Allah Almighty. The
Prophet is an interpreter of Allah Almighty and he never
expresses anything on his own. It is said in the Holy Quran.

He who obeys the Messenger, obeys Allah.

Islamiat Inter -35- Ch # 1
4. INNOCENCE:
All Prophets of Allah Almighty are innocent. Their
teachings and their actions are free from the influence and
interference of Satan and purely guided by Allah. The
character of a Prophet is always spotless. He is a perfect
human being who possesses extra-ordinary spiritual power.
A Prophet is never misled by sensual desires.

Nor does he say (aught) of (his own) Desire it is no less than

inspiration sent down to him.
5. WORTHY OF OBEDIENCE:
Prophets are worthy of our obedience. Allah
Almighty says thus:

We sent not any Messenger, but to be obeyed, in accordance

with the Will of Allah.
A Prophet shows us the path prescribed by Allah
Almighty. His obedience is in fact, the submission to the
will of Allah Almighty.
6. MODEL FOR HIS FOLLOWERS:
A Prophet is an exponent of the divine book. He is a
teacher and guide of his Ummah. His life is a model for his
followers. He acts as an interpreter of Allah's laws and
serves as a judge and a ruler.

Surely you have an excellent example for your guidance in

(the life of) the Messenger of Allah.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF
THE PROPHETHOOD OF
HAZRAT MUHAMMAD
Islamiat Inter -36- Ch # 1
The chain of Prophets which began with Hazrat
Adam culminated with the Prophethood of Hazrat
Muhammad . He is the last Prophet of Allah Almighty
who possessed all the accomplishments separately granted
to Prophets before him. The Prophethood of Hazrat
Muhammad bears many qualities. Some of these
characteristics are described as under:
1. UNIVERSALITY:
The Prophets coming before Hazrat Muhammad
were deputed to serve a particular nation or a
particular country. The Prophethood of Hazrat
Muhammad is meant for all mankind and for all times
to come till the day of judgment Allah Almighty says:

Say O men! I am sent unto you all, as the Messenger of

Allah, to Whom belongeth
2. CANCELLATION OF THE PREVIOUS SHARIAHS:

With the advent of the Holy Prophet the

previous Shariahs enforced by Prophets before him stand
cancelled. The human beings are bound to act upon the
Shariah enforced by Hazrat Muhammad Allah
Almighty says:

If anyone desires a religion other than Islam (submission to

Allah Almighty) never will it be accepted of him.
3. CONCLUSION OF PROPHETOOD:
Islamiat Inter -37- Ch # 1

With Hazrat Muhammad the Deen (religion) of

Allah Almighty was finally revealed in its entirety. This
Deen i.e, Islam is meant for all mankind for all times to
come. No other religion is now needed for the guidance of
man. Allah Almighty says:

This day have I perfected your religion for you,

completed My favour upon you, and have chosen for you
Islam as your religion.
4. PRESERVATION OF THE HOLY QURAN:
The divine books revealed to other Prophets are
either non-existent or have been subjected to tampering
and alterations on a large scale. It is very difficult to derive
proper guidance from these books as these are a mixture of
right and wrong teachings. However, the Holy Quran
revealed to Hazrat Muhammad is intact in its original
form. Its protection is promised by Almighty:

Verily, it is We Who revealed this reminder (The Holy Quran)

and verily We are its guardian.
Even after a passage of more than fourteen hundred
years there has not been a change of a single letter in its
original text. Not only is the Holy Quran preserved in the
written form but it is also preserved in the hearts and
minds of millions of people.
5. PRESERVATION OF THE SUNNAH:
Besides the Holy Quran، Allah Almighty has
provided the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet and Suhabas,
Mohadiseen and Aima Ikrams preserved it with care.
There was a large number of Mohadiseen working for the
Islamiat Inter -38- Ch # 1
preservation of the Sunnah. As Sunnah is, in fact, an
explanation and clarification of the teachings of the Holy
Quran it is bound to be preserved like the Holy Quran till
the day of judgment.
6. VAST SCOPE AND APPLICATION:
The teachings of the Holy Prophet are not
theoretical but completely feasible. He always practically
followed what he preached. When we look at his life, we see
that he possessed the best pattern of behaviour in all
aspects of life. He was a model for his followers in his
married life, conduct of political affairs, treatment with the
children or the older people, his conduct during peace or
war, conduct of religious rites or conduct of public affairs,
his dealings with his relatives or neighbours. Allah says:

And we have sent down this Book explaining in detail

everything,
7. THE CULMINATION OF PROPHETHOOD:

The chain of Prophets which started with the advent

of Hazrat Adam and followed by many Prophets was
finalized by Hazrat Muhammad . Prior to his induction
as the last Prophet, there were many Prophets who
enforced their religious systems according to the divine
books revealed on them including some of the Prophets
who followed the divine books and religious systems
introduced by their predecessors. This chain of
Prophethood culminated with Hazrat Muhammad
upon whom a comprehensive and eternal book was
revealed to enforce a perfect religious system. He is the last
Prophet and exponent of a perfect Deen (Religion).
Islamiat Inter -39- Ch # 1

Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but (he

is) the Messenger of Allah and the Seal (the last one) of all
the Prophets.
8. PREDICTED BY THE PRIVIOUS PROPHETS:

It is a speciality of the Holy Prophet that All

the Prophets before him predicted his arrival. Hazrat
Musa, Hazrat Isa and all others told their followers
about the forthcoming Prophrt Hazrat Muhammad .
9. BEST PATTERN of LIFE:
It is the specialty of the Prophethood of Muhammad

Surely you have an excellent example for your guidance in

(the life of) the Messenger of Allah Almighty.
10. The Best Ummah:
The followers of Hazrat Muhammad are called
the best Ummah by the Holy Qur'an.

You are the best community

THE CULMINATION OF PROPHETHOOD

Meaning and Definition:

In Arabic means to seal, to close, to bring to end,
to accomplish a task. The culmination of Prophethood
means that the chain of Prophets which started with the
Islamiat Inter -40- Ch # 1
advent of Hazrat Adam and followed by many Prophets
was finalized with Hazrat Muhammad .
Prior to his induction as the last Prophet there were
many Prophets who enforced their religious systems
according to the divine books revealed on them including
some of the Prophets who followed the divine books and
religious systems introduced by their predecessors. This
chain of Prohethood culminated with Hazrat Muhammad
upon whom a comprehensive and eternal book was
reveled to enforce a perfect religious system. He is the last
Prophet and Exponent of a perfect Deen (Religion).
QURANIC EVIDENCES:
The religious system brought by Hazrat Muhammad
has cancelled all the previous systems of religion. After
him no Prophet is to be deputed because:
1. Allah Almighty has deputed him as a Prophet for
the guidance of entire mankind. His Prophethood and his
teachings are meant for all the nations and for all the
human beings of all ages till the Day of Judgment.

Say O men! I am sent unto you all, as the Messenger of Allah

Almighty, to Whom belongeth
2. Allah Almighty has completed the revelation of
Deen on him in its perfect form. Therefore, no Prophet is
needed after him.

This day have I perfected your religion for you, completed My

favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your
religion.
Islamiat Inter -41- Ch # 1
3. Allah Almighty has guaranteed the preservation of
the Holy Quran revealed on him and as such, there has not
been any tampering or alteration of a single letter in its
text. The entire text of the Holy Quran is preserved in the
printed form but also preserved in the memory of Huffaz.
The teachings of the Holy Prophet are also available in
their true form, serving as a source of guidance for the
entire world.

Verily, it is We Who revealed this reminder (The Holy Quran)

and verily We are its guardian.
Hence, no Prophet will be sent after him and the
people who wish to follow the right path are required to
have faith in the last Prophet and follow the course of
conduct prescribed by him.
HADITH ABOUT CULMINATION OF PROPHETHOOD
1. In Hadith the Holy Prophet said that the
Prophets sent before him were part of a building which
remained incomplete for want of a brick in one corner.
With his advent the building took its perfect and complete
form because he was the last brick.
2. In another Hadith the Prophet of Allah Almighty
said that among Bani Israel when a Prophet, sent to guide
them, died another Prophet succeeded him. But after him
there was no Prophet.

BELIEF OF THE COMPANIONS

All the companions of the Holy Prophet were

unanimous in the view that no Prophet would follow
Hazrat Muhammad . That is why, the first caliph
Hazrat Abu Bakar Siddique and the companions of the
Holy Prophet fought against those who claimed to be
Islamiat Inter -42- Ch # 1
Prophets.
CONSENSUS OF THE UMMAH:
The belief in the finality of Prophethood is proved
by the Holy Quran, Hadith and consensus of the Ummah.
Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran:

Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but (he

is) the Messenger of Allah Almighty, and the Seal of the
Prophets.
All the exegetists have interpreted the word in
the above verse as the Last Prophet.
ANGELS
The word is plural of which means a
messenger. The word is also used for angels because it
also literally means a messenger. The angels are called
and because they act as messengers between Allah
Almighty and His creatures. It is necessary to believe in the
angles as we believe in Tauheed and Risalat. Allah
Almighty says in the Holy Quran:

But it is righteousness to believe in Allah and the Last Day

and the Angles, and the Books and the Messengers
REALITY OF ANGELS:
The angels are born out of heavenly light and they
are running the world under orders of Allah Almighty. The
number of angels is known to Allah Almighty only. They
can neither be called god or goddesses nor they can be
considered as Allah Almighty's daughters. The commands
of Allah Almighty are transmitted to them through
Islamiat Inter -43- Ch # 1
intuition and they carry out these orders throughout the
universe.
FOUR ARCHANGELS
There are four Archangels who are superior in rank
to others. They are:
Hazrat Gabriel:
He brings Allah's message, commandments and
scriptures to his Prophets. Some other duties are also
assigned to him.
Hazrat Michael:
He is responsible for sending rain and food to
Allah's creatures. He is assisted by a number of other
angels who carry out his commands.
Hazrat Azrael:
He is appointed to draw the souls of the living bodies
at their appointed times.
Hazrat Israfeel:
He will blow the trumpet on the day of Ressurection.
OTHER KNOWN ANGELS
There are some other known angels deputed by
Allah Almighty to perform certain duties. They are:
Kiraman Katibeen.
The angels who are appointed to take down the
deeds of humanbeings are called Kiraman Katibeen.
Nakirain:
The angels deputed to ask questions in the grave are
called Nakirain (Munkir & Nakir)
Guard of Paradise:
Rizwan is the angel appointed as the Guard of
Paradise.
Islamiat Inter -44- Ch # 1

Guard of Hell:
Malik is the Guard of Hell.
DIVINE BOOKS
It has already been explained that faith in all the
Prophets is necessary to become a true Muslim. Faith in
Prophets means that we should accept them and their
teachings as true. The books revealed to the Prophets
contained the teachings and commands of Allah Almighty.
Therefore, faith in Prophets also requires faith in the books
revealed to them. Allah Almighty describes the faithful as
under:

And who believe in the Revelation sent to thee, and before

their time.
Famous Divine Books:
There are many divine books of which the following
four are very famous:
1. The Taurat :
Revealed to Hazrat Musa(Moses) A.S.

Indeed We sent down the Torah wherein is guidance and

light
2. The Zabur :
Revealed to Hazrat Daud (David) A.S.

And We bestowed upon David the Book Zabur.(Psalms)

3. The Injeel :
Revealed to Hazrat Issa (Jesus) A.S.
Islamiat Inter -45- Ch # 1

And We gave to him the Gospel in which there was guidance

and light.
4. The Holy Quran :

Revealed to Hazrat Muhammad

No doubt, the Qur'an guides to a path that is straightest.

Apart from these divine books, Scrolls were
revealed on Hazrat Ibrahim and Adam and others
Prophets.
Teachings of Revealed Books:
In all these books the fundamental articles of relgion
like Oneness of Allah Almighty, His Characteristics,
worship of Allah Almighty, faith in Prophethood, faith in
the Day of Judgment and reward and punishment for
actions were common. However, in view of the changing
demand of different ages separate and different codes of
Shariah were prescribed in these books.
Importance of the Holy Qur'an:
The books following the earlier ones cancelled the
laws prescribed by the previous books. Similarly the Holy
Quran which was revealed last of all cancelled all the
Shariahs prescribed by the previous divine books. Now it is
obligatory to follow only the laws laid down by the Holy
Quran. The faith in the previous divine books means that
those were true books but the laws prescribed to them have
since been superseded by the laws of the Holy Quran.
Islamiat Inter -46- Ch # 1
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LAST DIVINE BOOK
The main characteristics of the Holy Quran are as
under:
1. The Last Book:
The Holy Quran is the last divine book revealed to
the last Prophet Hazrat Muhammad by Allah
Almighty. It will remain a permanent source of guidance
for all mankind till the Day of Judgment.
2. Its Preservation:
As the Holy Quran is a permanent source of
guidance for the entire mankind. Till the day of judgment
its preservation has been guaranteed by Allah Almighty.
Allah Almighty says:

We have without doubt, sent down the Message; and We will

assuredly Guard it (from corruption)
That is why even after the passage of fourteen
hundred years every word of the Holy Quran exists in its
original form. Allah Almighty has provided for its
preservation in such a way that it has become safe from
tampering for all times to come whereas other divine books
have been subjected to drastic alteration and tampering.
These books do not exist in their original form but the Holy
Quran is intact without any change and will remain as such
till the day of judgment.
3. Its Living Language:
The Holy Quran has been revealed in Arabic which
is a living language. Arabic is one of the major languages of
the world and is spoken as national language in more than
twenty countries. The languages of the previous divine
books are dead and no longer spoken and scarcely
understood. According to traditions the language of the
Holy Qur'an will be the language of Paradise . The
Holy Qur'an declares:
Islamiat Inter -47- Ch # 1

Surely We have sent down this Qur'an in the Arabic tongue

so that you may understand.
4. Its Universality:
A study of other heavenly books shows that those
were meant for a particular country or a particular nation.
The Holy Quran is a message of guidance for the whole
mankind. The words (O People) indicate that all
the people of the world have been addressed and guided.
This is universal book whose teachings are applicable and
practicable in every age throughout the world.
The teachings of the Holy Quran are natural and
man of every age feels as if these were revealed for him. Its
teachings are rational and are equally beneficial for every
nation, every country and people living in any
environment.

It is not but a message of guidance to all mankind.

5. It is Comprehensive:
Of the previous divine books some consisted of
moral teachings, some were collections of hymns and
prayers, some dealt with matters of religious law only, some
explained beliefs and some related historical events.
However, the Holy Quran is a comprehensive book which
deals with every aspect of life and provides guidance to
man. Its contents pertain to beliefs and actions, morals and
spirituality, descpription of historical events and hymns
and prayers.

And We have not omitted anything in the Book.

6. It is rational and logical:
In the previous divine books there are portions
(presumeably added later on) which contained vulgar and
Islamiat Inter -48- Ch # 1
immoral material. The Holy Quran is free from such
contents and there is nothing in the text which may be
considered irrational or illogical. The Holy Quran teaches
respect for all the Prophets of Allah Almighty who were
very virtuous and pious people. It has been made clear that
any derogatory remarks about the Prophets made in the
previous divine books were false and unsubstantial.
7. It is a miracle:
The Holy Quran is a master piece of eloquence
unmatched by the most eloquent speakers of Arabia and
Persia. The Holy Quran has challenged its opponents to
produce a single verse identical to any Quranic verse but no
one succeeded in doing so. The text of the Holy Quran has
been revealed by Allah Almighty and not composed by any
man. It is therefore, impossible for a man to compose a
single verse equal in worth to any verse of the Holy Quran.

Then bring just one chapter like it

In short the Holy Qur'an is a matchless book. There
is no any book that can be considered its match. Knowledge
of everything is present in this single book. This is a
complete code of life and a perfect guide not only to this
worldly life but also the life hereafter.
THE BELIEF IN THE WORLD HEREAFTER

The belief in the world hereafter is one of the

fundamental beliefs of Islam.
MEANINGS:
The word means anything which happens
afterwards. Opposite to this the word means something
nearby.
DEFINITION:
Islamiat Inter -49- Ch # 1
Technically the belief in the world hereafter means
that a man does not become permanently extinct after his
death. But his spirit remains intact till the time when Allah
Almighty will infuse that spirit in the dead body and will
again revive it to reward or punish him for his good and
bad actions. The virtuous people will be granted a place in
the paradise which is full of gifts and blessings of Allah
Almighty. The evil people will be put in hell which is a
place of torture. Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran:

Is for the Righteous, they will be in Bliss; And the Wicked

they will be in the Fire
SUMMARY OF THE QURANIC TEACHINGS
With reference to the belief in the world hereafter
the teachings of the Holy Quran are summarized as under:
1. The worldly life of man is followed by the life of the
world hereafter. The life in the world is temporary and the
life in the world hereafter is permanent. The consequences
of all the actions of man do not arise completely in this
temporary life of the world. The real consequences are
faced by man in the life in the world hereafter.
2. As every object existing in this world has a fixed age
and expires after its prescribed limit similarly the entire
system of the universe has fixed age after which it will
expire and will be replaced by another system.
3. When the system of this world is destroyed and is
replaced by another system man will again be granted a
new physical life. He will appear before a great court and
will be answerable and accountable for all his actions. He
will be rewarded for good deeds and will be punished for
his misdeeds.
THE DOUBTS OF NON-BELIEVERS:
In the Holy Quran the doubts of non-believers
regarding the world hereafter have been told in a very
logical and convincing manner. Their doubts have been
reproduced in the Holy Quran as under:
Islamiat Inter -50- Ch # 1
Will we be born again?
The heathens of Makkah did not believe in the
world hereafter. They were in doubt that there will be
nothing after death.

And they say "What when we lie, hidden and lost, in the
earth, shall we indeed be in a Creation renewed"?
Who will give new birth?
They were doubtful that no one will be able to
recreate them when they will be in the form of destroyed
bones.

He says “Who can give life to (dry) bones and decomposed

ones (at that)”?
No need of new life:
They do not want to be reborn. They were contented
with one birth.

And they (some times) say: “There is nothing except our life
on this earth, and never shall we be raised up again”.
QUR'ANIC ANSWERS TO THEIR DOUBTS:
To remove their doubts Allah Almighty told them
that He created them out of nothing. Allah Almighty, the
Omnipotent who has the power to create them out of
nothing has also the power to give them fresh life after their
death if He wills to do so.
1.

It is He who begins (the process of) creation, then repeats it.

Islamiat Inter -51- Ch # 1
2.

Says, He will give them life Who created them for the first
time

3.

How can you reject the Faith in Allah? Seeing that you were
without life, and he gave you life; then will he cause you to
die, and will again bring you to life; and again to Him will
you return.
Demand of Reason:
A reasonable and rational thinking on the part of
man leads him to believe in the world hereafter. Every
person admits that a good action is always rewarded and a
bad action results in the punishment of the wrong doer.
However, the consequences of all our action do not appear
in this world. Sometimes a person who spends all his life in
committing evil deeds remains free from punishment in this
world. Sometimes, it happens that pious people were
tortured to death or live a miserable life instead of getting
reward for their good deeds. The criminals go unpunished
for their sins and crimes. Is there no justice proportionate
to the good and evil deeds of human beings in this world
and the world hereafter? Allah Almighty says in the Holy
Quran:

Did ye then think that we had created you in jest, and that ye
would not be brought back to Us (for account)
Islamiat Inter -52- Ch # 1
When we think over this aspect we cannot help
believing that life in the world hereafter is a reality where
people will be rewarded or punished for their good or bad
deeds. The virtuous will be rewarded generously and the
wicked will be punished severely, excepting those forgiven
by Allah Almighty.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE BELIEF
IN THE WORLD HEREAFTER
The belief in the world hereafter is an important
part of the teachings of Islam. Its significance has been
emphasized in the Holy Quran.
The Real Virtue:
To have belief in the World hereafter is a virtue in
reality.

But it is righteousness to believe in Allah Almighty and the

last day
Symbol of the Faithful:
In Sura Baqara the virtuous have been defined as:

4
:

And (in their hearts) have assurance of the Hereafter.

Rule of Law:
Without a faith in the world hereafter a man is
likely to fall a prey to selfishness and self-indulgence,
forgetting altogether the demands of culture, nobility and
justice. This would mean the rule of jungle over human
society.
Sense of Purposeful Life:
The belief in the world hereafter inculcates a sense
of reward and punishment in human beings for their good
Islamiat Inter -53- Ch # 1
or bad deeds. This promotes kindness and discourages
wickedness.
Hatred for Sins:
A person who believes in the world hereafter is
conscious of the consequences of his action in this world as
well as the consequences likely to appear in the next world.
He is as sure of the deadly effects of his sins as he is sure of
similar effects of poison and fire. As food and water are
essential to preserve life similarly good deeds are essential
for his salvation and welfare in the world hereafter.
THE EFFECTS OF THE BELIEF IN THE WORLD
HEREAFTER ON HUMAN LIFE

The belief in the world hereafter exercises deep

influences on the life of a man. Some of these are described
as under:
1. Desire to Do Good:
A person who believes in the life hereafter knows
that all his deeds committed in public or in private are
recorded and preserved. This record will be produced
before Allah Almighty who will dispense justice on the day
of judgment. The record of actions of a man will be
weighed in a balance and the weight of his good deeds and
bad deeds will decide as to whether he will be sent to
paradise or put to hell.
2. Desire to Avoid Sin:
The belief in the world hereafter enables a man to
hate evil deeds because he knows that as a result of
misdeeds he will have to suffer torture of hell such a person
likes to perform good deeds in the hope as generous
reward.
3. Spirit of Courage and Sacrifice:
Fear of mortality makes a man coward. When man
realizes and believes that the life in this world is temporary
which is to be followed by a permanent and eternal life in
Islamiat Inter -54- Ch # 1
the world hereafter he becomes bold and fearless. He is not
reluctant even to sacrifice his life in the way of Allah
Almighty. He knows that death on the right path is not
permanent but is to be rewarded with a successful and
fruitful life in the world hereafter. This belief promotes a
spirit of bravery and sacrifice in the believers and results in
developing peace and goodness in society.
4. Tolerance:
The belief in the world hereafter creates a sense of
tolerance in a man. He knows that Allah Almighty will
ultimately reward him for the hardships borne in the cause
of righteousness. This enables him to face every difficulty
and hardship with patience and forbearance.
5. Monetary Sacrifice:
This belief makes a person indifferent to money and
wealth. He believes that real life of man is the life in the
world hereafter. Therefore, he is not greedy and miserly
and spends his money generously because he knows that
Allah Almighty will reward him for his monetary sacrifice.
He knows that the symbol of the faithful is to spend in the
way of Allah Almighty. As mentioned in the holy Qur’an:

َ ‫َو ِم َّما َر َز ْق ٰنهُ ْم یُ ْنفِقُ ْى‬

)3:‫ن (البقرۃ‬
and spend out of what we have provided for
them;
6. Sense of Responsibility:
This belief develops a sense of responsibility in a
person. A true believer knows that it is a crime to neglect
his duties and he will be penalized in the next world for this
negligence. The sense of responsibility enables the man to
perform his duties honestly. In this way he fulfills his
obligations towards men as well as towards Allah Almighty.
As it is said in the holy Qur’an:
Islamiat Inter -55- Ch # 1

And no person earns anything but it is on his own account;

and no bearer of burden shall bear the burden of another.
7. Sincerity in Worship:
The fear of world hereafter keeps a man away from
show off. His deeds and actions are always sincere. He
avoids materialism and has faith in real piety.


Islamiat Inter -56- Ch # 1

SHORT QUESTIONS
Formatted: Bullets and Numbering
1.1. Write literal meanings of AQEEDAH.
Ans: The word Aqeedah is derived from Aqd that means
to tie a knot and the word Aqeedah means
something knotted.
Formatted: Bullets and Numbering
2.2. Define AQEEDAH.
Ans: The solid and firm ideas of man that become base
for actions are called Aqeedah.
Formatted: Bullets and Numbering
3.3. What was reformed first by the Prophets?
Ans: All the Prophets of Allah Almighty started their
preaching with an effort to reform the basic beliefs.
Formatted: Bullets and Numbering
4.4. Translate the Verse of Virtue.
Ans: But it is the righteous to believe in Allah Almighty
and the last day and the angels and the book and the
messengers.
Formatted: Bullets and Numbering
5.5. Define SHIRK FIL ISTEAANAT.
Ans: Seeking help from any one other than Allah
Almighty is called Shirk fil Isteaanat.
Formatted: Bullets and Numbering
6.6. Write four common characteristics of Divine Books.
Ans: Tauheed, attributes of Allah Almighty, Concept of
Aakhirat and description of morality.
Formatted: Bullets and Numbering
7.7. Write names of three people who falsely claimed
themselves as Prophets.
Ans: Muselma Kadhab, Aswad Ansi, Sujah bint Haris,
and Ghulam Ahmed Qadiyani.
Formatted: Bullets and Numbering
8.8. In which battles angels helped Muslims?
Ans: Badr, Al Ahzab, Hunain.
Formatted: Bullets and Numbering
9.9. Write two impacts of belief in Hereafter on Practical
life.
Ans: Inspiration for doing good, correct use of blessings.
Islamiat Inter -57- Ch # 1
Formatted: Bullets and Numbering
10.10. Define Oneness in Person (Existence).
Ans: To believe Allah Almighty as unique in person is
called Tauheed fil Zat.
Formatted: Bullets and Numbering
11.11. What is Dualism (Thanviat) and whose faith is this?
Ans: It means belief in two gods. This is the belief of
Zartasht.
12.12. Differentiate between Rasool and Nabi. Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Ans: Rasool is granted the book while the Nabi is without

book.
13.13. What is the difference between the Book and the Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Scroll?
Ans: The book contains guidance for the whole life while
the scroll contains only a few commandments.
14.14. What is the literal meanings of SHIRK? Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Ans: It means to join or partnership.

15.15. What is meant by belief in the Culmination of Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Prophethood?
Ans: To believe Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) as
Allah’s last messenger is called Khatam e Nabuwat.
16.16. Write four important characteristics of the Holy Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Qur’an?
Ans: i. Universal Book ii. Preserved Book
iii. Comprehensive Book iv. Its Living Language
17.17. What is meant by belief in the Life Hereafter? Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Ans: It means to believe that this worldly life is not

permanent and everyone will have to die and will be
answerable for his deeds on the day of judgment.
18.18. Define Oneness in worship. Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Ans: It means to worship Allah Almighty only.

19.19. Define Shirk. Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Ans: In terms of religion, Shirk means to believe and

accept someone as the sharer and partner of Allah
Islamiat Inter -58- Ch # 1
Almighty in His entity or His characteristics or the
demands thereof.
Formatted: Bullets and Numbering
20.20. Write the translation of a Qur’anic Verse about the
Existence of Allah Almighty.
Ans: Can there be any doubt concerning Allah, the
Creator of the Heavens and the earth?
21.21. What are literal meanings of Risalat? Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Ans: It means to convey a message.

22.22. Define Belief in Angels. Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Ans: To believe that the angels are the creature of Allah

Almighty created by from heavenly light (Noor).
They abide by the commands of Allah.
23.23. Write down two objections of Non-believers on the Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Life Hereafter.
Ans: Will we be born again?
ii.Who will give new birth? Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

24.24. Write the translation of a Verse about Belief in

Oneness.
Ans: Say Allah is one.
25.25. What is Shirk in Characteristics? Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Ans: This means that the belief that characteristics of

Allah Almighty are possessed by someone else or to
consider that someone else possesses the same
knowledge, power and will similar to Allah
Almighty.
26.26. Write two common characteristics of Prophets. Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Ans: Manhood and Innocence

27.27. Who are Karaman Katebeen? Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Ans: Karaman Katebeen are the angels appointed to

record one’s actions.
28.28. What is Trinity and whose faith is this? Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Ans: Trinity means to believe in three gods and it is the

faith of the Christians.
29.29. What is Oneness in actions? Formatted: Bullets and Numbering
Islamiat Inter -59- Ch # 1
Ans: It means that Allah Almighty possesses power and
characteristics which are found in no one else. He is
unique in his knowledge, power, will, hearing, sight
and all other qualities.
Formatted: Bullets and Numbering
30.30. Write two characteristics of Muhammadan
Prophethood.
Ans: i. Universality ii. Culmination of
Prophethood
31.31. Write the translation of a Qur’anic Verse in Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

condemnation of Shirk.
Ans: False worship is indeed the highest wrong doing.
32.32. What is meant by Aalam e Barzukh? Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Ans: The time span between death and rebirth is called

Aalam e Barzukh.
33.33. How many times the Trumpet (on the day of Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Judgment) will be blown and who will blow?

Ans: The trumpet will be blown twice by Hazrat Israfil.
34.34. To whom the four Divine Books were revealed? Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Ans:
The Taurat : Revealed to Hazrat Musa(Moses) A.S.
The Zabur: Revealed to Hazrat Daud (David) A.S.
The Injil : Revealed to Hazrat Issa (Jesus) A.S.
The Holy Quran:Revealed to Hazrat Muhammad
(PBUH)
35.35. Write down two types of Shirk. Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Ans: Shirk fil Zat (Shirk in The Entity of Allah Almighty)

Shirk fil Siffat (Shirk in The Characteristics of
Allah Almighty)
36.36. What is meant by Open (Jalli) and Secret (Khaffi) Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Shirk?
Ans: Open Shirk means ascribing Partener to Allah
Almighty openly and Secret Shirk means to do the
same secretly.
Islamiat Inter -60- Ch # 1
37.37. Whose title is Jad ul Anbiya (Forefather of Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Prophets)?
Ans: Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S) is called the forefather of the
Prophets.
38.38. What is Bible? Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Ans: Combination of Torat and Injil is called Bible.

Formatted: Bullets and Numbering
39.39. What does the word Adam mean?
Ans: It means wheat coloured.
40.40. Whose title is Malk ul Mot (The Angel of death)? Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Ans: Hazrat Izrael is also called Mal ul Mot (The angel of

death).
41.41. Who was called the son of Allah Almighty by Jews? Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Ans: Hazrat Uzair (A.S) was called the son of Allah

Almighty by Jews.
42.42. What are the literal meanings of Wahee? Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Ans: It means to signal or to suggest something secretly.

43.43. What are the literal meanings of the word Rasool? Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Ans: It means the one who conveys the message.

44.44. Which caliph did fight against false Prophets? Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Ans: Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) fought against false

Prophets.
45.45. Which Prophet is called Abou al Bashar (Father of Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Mankind)?
Ans: It is the title of Hazrat Adam (A.S)
46.46. On which Prophets the scrolls were revealed? Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Ans: Hazrat Adam(A.S) and Hazrat Ibraheem (A.S)

47.47. Who did consider the angels as daughters of Allah Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Almighty?
Ans: Infidels of Makkah called the angels as daughters of
Allah Almighty.
48.48. What is meant by the word Israel and whose title is Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

this?
Islamiat Inter -61- Ch # 1
Ans: It means Allah’s man and Hazrat Yaqoob (A.S) is
called Israel.
49.49. What was the faith of the very first man? Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Ans: Tauheed was the faith of very first man.

50.50. Which sin is called unforgiveable in the Holy Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Qur’an?
Ans: Shirk is called unforgiveable sin in the Holy Qur’an.
Formatted: Bullets and Numbering
51.51. Write down two other names of Aakhirat.
Ans: Other names are: Yom ul Hashr and Yom ul Hisaab
Formatted: Bullets and Numbering
52.52. Write down the translation of the verse about
completion of Din.
Ans: This day have I perfected your religion for you,
completed My favour upon you, and have chosen for
you Islam as your religion.
Formatted: Bullets and Numbering
53.53. Write down the meaning of the word Nabi.
Ans: Literal meanings of Nabi are: The one who brings
news (informer).
Formatted: Bullets and Numbering
54.54. Who is Rooh ul Quds?
Ans: It is the title of Hazrat Gabrail (A.S)
Formatted: Bullets and Numbering
55.55. Define Innocence of Prophets.
Ans: It means that all the Prophets are innocent and free
from sin.
Formatted: Bullets and Numbering
56.56. Which Prophet was elated to the Heavens alive?
Ans: Hazrat Isa (A.S) was elated to the heavens alive.
Formatted: Bullets and Numbering
57.57. Write down the names of Archangels.
Ans: i. Hazrat Gabriel ii. Hazrat Michael
iii. Hazrat Izrael iv. Hazrat Israfeel
Formatted: Bullets and Numbering
58.58. Write down the names of the angels appointed to
ask questions in the grave.
Ans: The angels deputed to ask questions in the grave are
called Nakirain (Munkir & Nakir)
Islamiat Inter -62- Ch # 1
Formatted: Bullets and Numbering
59.59. What would be the result if there were two gods in
this world according to the Holy Qur'an?
Ans: If there were in the heavens and the earth other gods
besides Allah Almighty, there would have been
confusion in both.
Formatted: Bullets and Numbering
60.60. Who was called the son of Allah Almighty by
Christians?
Ans: Hazrat Isa (A.S)

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. The word (belief) is derived from:
(A) AQD (B) QYD
(C) IQD (D) QDH
2. Literal meaning of belief is:
(A) Acceptance (B) True Ideas
(C) To tell Fact (D) Knotted
3. The basic doctrines (pillars) of faith in Islam are:
(A) Three (B) Five
(C) Two (D) Four
4. The first doctrine of faith in Islam is:
(A) Tauheed (B) Shirk
(C) Prophethood (D) Namaz
5. The Last doctrine of faith in Islam is:
(A) Tauheed (B) Shirk
(C) Prophethood (D) Aakhirat
6. Literal meaning of (Tauheed) is:
(A) Uniqueness (B) Trinity
(C) Tetra (D) Hexa
7. One who believes in Allah's Oneness is called:
(A) Muwahid (B) Mushrik
(C) Mutliq (D) Athiest
Islamiat Inter -63- Ch # 1
8. The fundamental teachings of all the Prophets are
based upon:
(A) Tauheed (B) Shirk
(C) Prophethood (D) Aakhirat
9. Basic types of Tauheed are:
(A) 2 (B) 3
(C) 1 (D) 10
10. Belief in Tauheed is comrehensively described in:
(A) Al Kausar (B) Al Ikhlas
(C) Al Qariah (D) Al Maida
11. All divine religions are based upon:
(A) Tauheed (B) Shirk
(C) Prophethood (D) Aakhirat
12. The Creator of the entire universe is:
(A) Allah (B) Angels
(C) Devil (D) Man
13. Literal meaning of Shirk is;
(A) Partnership (B) Oneness
(C) Trinity (D) Reality
14. Basic types of Shirk are:
(A) 2 (B) 3
(C) 1 (D) 10
15. Literal meaning of Prophethood is:
(A) to convey a message (B) to call
(C) to survey (D) to bring
16. Literal meaning of Rasool is:
(A) Messenger (B) News giver
(C) tout (D) Angel
17. Literal meaning of Nabi is;
(A) Messenger (B) Informer
Islamiat Inter -64- Ch # 1
(C) tout (D) Angel
18. The name of the first Prophet of Allah is?
(A) Ibraham (B) Yousuf
(C) Moses (D) Adam
19. Prophethood is bestowed by Allah Almighty as a:
(A) Trust (B) Gift
(C) Mistake (D) food
20. Obedience of Prophet is the obedience of ;
(A) Allah (B) Angels
(C) Man (D) Satan
21. In Arabic language KHATAM means:
(A) Seal (B) Ring
(C) Gift (D) Cloth
22. The best example for life is:
(A) Uswa e Hasana (B) Namaz
(C) Jehad (D) Angels
23. Literal meaning of MALAK is:
(A) Messenger (B) News giver
(C) Tout (D) Angel
24. The work of Hazrat Gebrail is:
(A) to bring food (B) to control death
(C) to bring Wahi (D) to show
25. The name of Death Angel is:
(A) Gebrail (B) Michael

(C) Israfil (D) Izrael

26. The word also used for the angel in the Holy Qur'an
is:
(A) Rasool (B) Sahib
Islamiat Inter -65- Ch # 1
(C) Nabi (D) Scribe
27. Arch Angels of Almighty Allah are:
(A) 4 (B) 3
(C) 11 (D) 10
28. Famous revealed books are:
(A) 4 (B) 3
(C) 11 (D) 10
29. The first revealed book is:
(A) Qura'n (B) Injil
(C) Zubur (D) Torah
30. The second revealed book is:
(A) Qura'n (B) Injil
(C) Zubur (D) Torah
31. The third revealed book is;
(A) Qura'n (B) Injil
(C) Zubur (D) Torah
32. The last revealed book is:
(A) Qura'n (B) Injil
(C) Zubur (D) Torah
33. Almighty Allah Himself has guaranteed to safeguard
the:
(A) Qura'n (B) Injil
(C) Zubur (D) Torah
34. The most comprehensive divine book is:
(A) Qura'n (B) Injil
(C) Zubur (D) Torah
35. Nothing in the Holy Qur'an is:
(A) clear (B) meaningful
Islamiat Inter -66- Ch # 1
(C) true (D) doubtful
36. Literal meaning of (Akhrat) is:
(A) nearby (B) far off
(C) wealth (D) loan
37. After death the soul will:
(A) die (B) destroyed
(C) go to paradise (D) remain in
Barzakh
38. The permanent life is the life:
(A) of this world (B) of world
hereafter
(C) of the poor (D) of the rich
39. Whatever we sow here, shall reap on the:
(A) day of Eid (B) Day of judgment
(C) day of Jihad (D) day of fasting
40. Literal meaning of the word is:
(A) nearby (B) far off
(C) wealth (D) loan
41. The language of the Holy Qur'an is:
(A) Ancient (B) Difficult
(C) Living (D) Dead
42. The angels deputed to take down the deeds:
(A) Hazrat Gabriel (B) Hazrat
Michael
(C) Hazrat Israfeel (D) Karaman
Katebeen

ANSWERS

1. A 2. D 3. B 4. A
Islamiat Inter -67- Ch # 1

5. D 6. A 7. A 8. A
9. B 10. B 11. A 12. A
13. A 14. B 15. A 16. A
17. B 18. D 19. A 20. A
21. A 22. A 23. A 24. C
25. D 26. A 27. A 28. A
29. D 30. C 31. B 32. A
33. A 34. A 35. D 36. B
37. D 38. B 39. B 40. A
41. C 42. D 43.

DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. What are the fundamental Islamic beliefs? Write a
short note on each of them.
2. Briefly describe the arguments in support of the
existence of Allah Almighty as given in the Holy
Quran.
3. Define Shirk and discuss its categories.
4. Describe the characteristics of Prophets.
5. Write short notes on the following:
a. The Angels b. Divine Books
c. The concept of Oneness of Allah Almighty
6. What are the effects of the belief in the Oneness of
Allah Almighty on human life?
7. Describe in detail the characteristics of the
Prophethood of Hazrat Muhammad .
8. Discuss the main characteristics of the Holy Quran.
9. Write a summary of the teachings of the Holy
Quran on the subject of life in the world hereafter.
Islamiat Inter -68- Ch # 1
10. What are the effects of the belief in the world
hereafter on human life?

Islamiat Inter -69- Ch # 1

CHAPTER 2
Islamiat Inter -70- Ch # 1

ORGANS (Pillars) OF ISLAM

Organs of Islam comprise of those basic principles
and actions which support the entire set up of this religion.
The Holy Prophet says thus:

The building of Islam has been raised upon five

pillars; The evidence that only Allah Almighty is fit to
worship and that Hazrat Muhammad is a creature of
Allah Almighty and his last Prophet; observance of Namaz;
payment of Zakat; performance of Hajj and keeping of
Fasts in the month of Ramadhan.
KALIMA-E-SHAHADAT
The most important organ of Islam is Kalma-e-
Shahadat which is given as under:

I bear witness that there is no one fit to worship except Allah

Almighty, He is one and has no partner. I also bear witness
that Muhammad is the Servent and Messenger (of
Allah).
With reference to the belief in Oneness of Allah
Almighty a few points are given below for further
elaboration.
Importance of KALIMA-E-SHAHADAT:
Islamiat Inter -71- Ch # 1
KALIMA-E-SHAHADAT brings a revolution in the
faith of a person. One becomes Muslim by uttering this.
One also becomes clean and upright.
Two Declarations:
There are two declarations in it. One is the
declaration of the Oneness of Allah Almighty and the
second is the declaration of the Prophethood of Hazrat
Muhammad . Without these two declarations, one
cannot become a faithful Muslim.
1. Declaration of the Oneness of Allah:
The first part of Kalma Shahadat i.e.

I bear witness that there is no one fit to worship except Allah.

He is one and has no partner.
Is a declaration and recognition of the belief in the
Oneness of Allah.
2. Declaration of The Prophethood of Muhammad :
The second part of the Kalima-e-Shahadat i.e.

I also bear witness that Muhammad is the Servent and

Messenger (of Allah).
It has been testified that Hazrat Muhammad is
a creature of Allah Almighty and His true Prophet, and
that Din brought by him is true and valid.
Without declaration and affirmation of these two
parts no one can become Muslim.
Freedom from KUFR And SHIRK:
Apparently Tauheed and Risalat (The Oneness of
Allah Almighty and Prophethood) are two separate matters
but actually these are two aspects of the same reality. It is
not possible to have a faith in Allah Almighty without
having a faith in the Prophet and vice versa. A faith in
Islamiat Inter -72- Ch # 1

the Holy Prophet implies a faith in his teachings.

Therefore when a person sincerely reads out Kalima-e-
Shahadat with a belief in its contents he gets rid of all
concepts of Kufr and Shirk.
A REAL TESTIMONY:
The requirements of testimony are fulfillled when a
person accepts that only Allah Almighty is fit to worship
and Hazrat Muhammad is His true and last Prophet.
However, it is necessary that a person who utters Kalma-e-
Shahadat verbally must also sincerely and faithfully believe
its contents and follow the dictates of Allah Almighty and
His Prophet in every day life. All his desires and
demands should be subjected strictly to the teachings of
Islamic Shariah. Hazrat Muhammad says thus:

No one amongst you can be a perfect believer unless all his

desires are subject to my Shariah.
CONCLUSION:
A study of Islamic history shows that when the
Muslims followed the beliefs in the Oneness of Allah
Almighty and Prophethood of Muhammad in letter
and spirit and fashioned their lives in accordance with the
Islamic Shariah they reached the heights of greatness. But
when they paid only lip service to these beliefs they were
ruined and lost their prestige.
May Allah Almighty bless us with true faith!
NAMAZ
Islam is a complete code of life which does not end
with acceptance of certain beliefs by its followers but it lays
down a system of prayers and obligations which consists of
Namaz, Zakat, Fasting, and Hajjj. The first and foremost of
Islamiat Inter -73- Ch # 1
these articles is Namaz. Allah Almighty says in the Holy
Quran:

Establish regular prayers, and be not ye among those who

join gods with Allah Almighty.
In many Hadiths the Holy Prophet has
emphasized the observance of Namaz. In one Hadith the
Holy Prophet says:
The real foundation of Din is submission to Allah
Almighty and His Prophet . Namaz is the pillar of Din.

Meaning and Definition of :

Is an Arabic word which means "to pray" or

"to be near". This is the physical worship that is binding on
the faithful at a certain time five times a day. This is the
second pillar of Islam.
The Emphasis on NAMAZ:
Namaz is the most important part of religious
training. Therefore, it has been made compulsory for every
Ummah. All the Prophets preached the observance of
Namaz to their followers. It has been declared in the Holy
Quran that observers of Namaz will attain welfare and
success in their life and its shirkers will face disgrace and
humiliations.
NAMAZ IN THE LIGHT OF THE HOLY QUR'AN
In the Holy Qur'an more than 700 times offering of
NAMAZ is advised.
1. In a verse of the Holy Quran it has been mentioned
that the angels deputed to torture the dwellers of
hell would ask them the cause of their torture they
would say that one reasons for this punishment is:
Islamiat Inter -74- Ch # 1

They will say, we were not of those who prayed.

2. It is obligatory for all the faithful to offer NAMAZ:

Say to My servants who have believed, that they should

establish regular prayer.
3. To offer prayer with other believers is advised
as:

And establish prayer and pay the Zakat (poor-rate) and bow
down with those who bow down.
4. To offer prayer is for the believers like
providing the witness of faith in Almighty Allah Almighty:

And establish regular prayer for my remembrance.

5. By offering Prayer one seeks the help of Allah
Almighty:

And seek help through patience and prayer.

6. ٰ
Namaz ‫صلىۃ‬ safeguards a person from sins:

Surely prayer forbids (one from) indecency and sin.

NAMAZ IN THE LIGHT OF HADITH

The Holy Prophet repeatedly advised to keep

the Namaz alive. Following are some Hadiths about the
importance of Namaz:
Islamiat Inter -75- Ch # 1
1. After including a belief in Allah Almighty the most
important order to the believer is observance of
Namaz. Therefore, the Holy Prophet has said:
The real foundation of Din is submission to Allah
Almighty and His Prophet and Namaz is the pillar of
Din.
2. It is similar to have a conversation with Allah
Almighty:

The person who offers Namaz in fact indulges in a quiet

conversation with Allah Almighty
3. Namaz is as imporatant for Islam as a pillar for the
erection of a building:
Namaz is a pillar of Din
4. The very first question on the day of judgment will
be about Namaz:

First of all you will have to render the account of Namaz on

the day of judgment
5. Namaz is the differentiating action between the
believers and the non-believers.

The person who deliberately gives up Namaz follows the way

of non-believers
6. The Holy Prophet declared that if he had not
the consideration for their wives and children, he would
have put the houses of people not offering their prayers, on
fire.
THE ADVANTAGES OF NAMAZ
Islamiat Inter -76- Ch # 1
The advantages of NAMAZ are as under:
1. A Sense of Submission to The Will of Allah:
When a man presents himself before Allah Almighty
five times a day to offer his prayers he remains conscious that
he is a believer of Allah Almighty. Regular prayers develop a
sense of submission to the will of Allah Almighty in the heart
of a Muslim. This enables him to lead his life in accordance
with the commands of Allah Almighty.
4
:
Thee do we worship, and Thine aid we seek.
2. Consciousness of Allah's Presence:
During the prayers five times a day a Muslim is
convinced that Allah Almighty is always with him. He never
feels himself alone.

The person who offers Namaz in fact indulges in a quiet

conversation with Allah.
3. Liberty from all kind of Fears:
The consciousness of Allah Almighty's presence
makes him avoid sins and keeps his heart free of all kinds of
fears and sorrows.

Verily those who say, "Our Lord is Allah," and remain firm
(on that path),- on them shall be no fear, nor shall They
grieve.
4. Physical and Spiritual Purgation:
The good effects of Namaz continue during the
intervals between five Namaz. After offering his prayers if a
man thinks of committing a sin, he at once remembers that
he has just prayed to Allah Almighty to save him from sin. If
he commits a sin how he would face Allah Almighty in the
Islamiat Inter -77- Ch # 1
next prayers. This enables him to avoid evil deeds
permanently.

Surely prayer forbids (one from) indecency and sin.

4. Mutual Affection and Intimacy:
The people who meet one another five times a day
during prayers develop mutual affection and intimacy which
is beneficial for all.

The believers are but a single Brotherhood.

5. A Sense of Collective Unity:
Congregational prayers specially Jumma and Eid
Prayers develop a sense of collective unity among Muslims.

And hold fast, all together, by the rope which Allah Almighty
(stretches out for you), and be not divided among yourselves.
6. Practical Demonstration of Equality:
When the Muslims stand side by side in one row
during Salat there is a feeling of equality among them.
Everyone the rich, the poor, the leader and the worker all are
equal near to Allah Almighty.

Verily the Most honoured of you in the sight of Allah is (He

who is) the Most righteous of you.
7. Reward for Congregational Prayer:
The effects of collective actions of a community have
a greater impact as compared with individual actions.
Therefore, the reward for congregational prayer is twenty
seven times more than the Namaz of an individual.
8. Lesson for Piety:
Islamiat Inter -78- Ch # 1
When the Muslims come to mosque to offer their
prayers the defaulters also follow their suits and become
regular in the observance of Namaz.
9. Discipline:
The appointment of an Imam to lead the prayers
ensures collective discipline.
10. Punctuality:
Observation of prayer at a certain time teaches
punctuality and one becomes aware of the value of time.

Prayers are enjoined on believers at stated times.

INEFFECTUAL PRAYERS:
The question arises as to why the above advantages
are not available to us despite observance of Namaz on our
part. As a matter of fact we offer our prayers just as a matter
of routine without being conscious of the meanings of the
verses and prayers uttered during the course of Namaz. We
have no consciousness that we are present before Allah
Almighty and seeking His help and blessings. We do not give
any impression that we are aware of the most important
object of offering prayers:

Surely prayer forbids (one from) indecency and sin.

In fact our prayers are without any purpose. These
are just like a flower without fragrance or a body without
soul.
May Allah Almighty bless us with the real blessings
of NAMAZ!
FASTING
Roza is a fundamental organ of Islam and according
to the Holy Qur'an it was also made compulsory for the
previous Ummahs. Allah Almighty says:
Islamiat Inter -79- Ch # 1

O ye who believed fasting is prescribed to You as it was

prescribed to those before you, that ye may (learn) self-restraint.
The above verse indicates that Roza is compulsory
and its compulsion is to attain piety.
Meaning:
In Arabic language is used for Fasting. The word
means to stop oneself from an action, to abstain or to
control oneself.
Definition:
In religious terms Fasting is to stop oneself from
eating, drinking and all other desires for the whole day
(from dawn to dusk) throughout the month of Ramadhan.
Purpose of Fasting:
According to the Holy Qur'an purpose of Fasting
is to achieve (Taqwa) piety.

That ye may (learn) self-restraint

TAQWA:
Taqwa means piety. It is a state of mind and
heart which prevents a man from evil deeds and persuades
him to perform good actions.
Importance of Fasting:
Fasting is one of the basic pillars of Islam. The
importance of Fasting is as under:
According to the Holy Qur'an:
1. The Holy Qur'an makes it clear that Fasting was
also made compulsory to the previous Ummahs.
Islamiat Inter -80- Ch # 1
As it was prescribed to those before you
2. It is binding upon every Muslim to observe Fast
during the month of Ramadhan.

1
85
:
So whosoever of you comes by the (Holy) month let him fast
for the whole month.
3. Fasting has been made compulsory during the
month of Ramadhan to make a man pious through fasting
and enable him to derive true benefit from the Holy Quran:

The Holy month of Ramadhan in which was sent down the

Glorious Qur'an as a guidance to mankind.
According to Hadith:
The importance of Fasting can be understood
through the following Hadiths of the Holy Prophet :
1. Fasting is more than hunger and thirst:
Fasting does not mean to bear thirst and hunger but
it develops the capacity to restrain a man from all acts,
which violate the Shariah. The Holy Prophet said:

If a person does not shun lying and misdeeds during his

fasting Allah Almighty has no concern with his doing away
with eating and drinking.
2. Safety From the Fire of Hell:
The most important factor to motivate man to follow
the path of goodness or to adopt the evil way is the selfish
desire of man. If desires are subjected to the commands of
Allah Almighty man's individual as well as collective
Islamiat Inter -81- Ch # 1
welfare is promoted. In case human desires violate the will
of Allah Almighty a man is degraded to animal level. The
real object of fasting is to make man pious by subjecting his
desires to the dictate of Allah Almighty. Even if a person
arranges for the Iftar of a FAST will be rewarded with
forgiveness as the Prophet said:

A person who arranges Iftar of a keeper of fast will ensure

forgiveness of his sins and safety from the fire of Hell. He
will get a reward equal to the reward of the keeper of fast in
addition to his own reward.
3. Reward for Fasting:
The Holy Prophet said, fasting when restored
to with faith in Allah Almighty and seeking His pleasure
will be fitly rewarded as is evident from the following
Hadith.

Allah Almighty rewards for the good deeds of a man tenfold

to seven hundred fold but reward for fasting is of a special
nature. Allah Almighty says that keeping a fast is exclusive
for Him and He would Himself decide its reward.
BENEFITS OF FASTING
When a man maintains a complete check over his
desires for eating, drinking and worldly pleasures
throughout the month of Ramadhan, and avoids other
moral evils and spends most of his time in prayers and good
Islamiat Inter -82- Ch # 1
deeds he develops a taste for goodness and repulsion for
evil. Roza is not only training for a man to control his
desires but is also an effective cure of his negative egoism.
INDIVIDUAL BENEFITS:
Self Control:
A person who keeps fasts for one month every year
and completes an exercise to control his basic desires he
attains such a power of self control which enables him to
avert every persuasion of the evil (Satan).
Piety:
When a man finds himself incapable of eating and
drinking despite extreme hunger and thirst he becomes
conscious of his helplessness before Allah Almighty, and
when this feeling becomes permanent it enables a man to
avoid every action contrary to Shariah.
Remission of Sins:
The Holy sense of accountability ensures remission of
all previous sins of the believer.
Physical Health:
Fasting for a period of one month and remaining
hungry for the most part of the day is very much beneficial
for physical health.
The Collective Benefits of Fasting:
Although Roza is an individual act of WORSHIP,
yet it has many collective benefits detailed as under:
Feelings for the poor:
When a man remains hungry and thirsty
throughout the month of fasting he becomes conscious of
the hunger and thirst of other people and develops
sympathy for the poor.
Passion for Sacrifice:
A man becomes habitual to the use of less food and
this develops qualities of contentment and sacrifice in a
man. He becomes ready to help the needy.
Sense of Unity:
Islamiat Inter -83- Ch # 1
The entire Muslim Ummah remains busy in fasting
throughout the world. This creates Muslim understanding
and unity. From this point of view the month of Ramadhan
is called the month of Sharing of Sorrows.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF RAMADHAN-UL-MUBARAK:
Following are the points that clarify the significance
of Ramadhan:
A Memorial to the Revelation of The Holy Quran:
The month of Ramadhan is the Holy month in which
the Holy Qur'an was revealed. Allah Almighty has
declared:

Ramadhan is the month in which was sent down the Quran.

Laila-tul-Qadr:
Ramadhan is the moth in which there is a night
equal to 1000 months.

The Laila-tul-Qadr (Night of Power) is better than a

thousand months.
Three Decades:
The Holy month of Ramadhan can be divided into
three decades. According to a Hadith, the First decade is
called REHMAT, the second decade is called
MAGHFIRAT and the third decade is called Liberty from
the fire of Hell.
RAMADHAN AND PAKISTAN:
Ramadhan-ul-Mubarak is a month of blessing and
forgiveness for Muslims throughout the world but this
month is significant for the Muslims of Pakistan that Allah
Almighty blessed us with the gift of freedom during one
blessed night of the month of Ramadhan. The formation of
Pakistan on the twenty seventh night of the Ramadhan
guides us to the fact that a system of life based on the
Islamiat Inter -84- Ch # 1
teachings of the Holy Quran should be enforced in this
country. We demanded Pakistan for the object of enforcing
Islamic system of life in the country. From this point of
view the month of Ramadhan provides us an opportunity to
celebrate the anniversary of Pakistan and also renew our
pledge made with Allah Almighty to make it an Islamic
state in the real sense.
INEFFECTUAL FASTING:
Now a days our fasting does not produce the
blessings and benefits indicated above. The reason is that
we are indifferent to the real objective of fasting, i.e. self
control. We do not observe the important condition of
fasting as well as lack true faith and sense of accountability.
CONCLUSION:
In short, Fasting is a matchless Islamic institution
which teaches man the principle of sincere love to Allah
Almighty. Fasting teaches man a creative sense of hope,
devotion, patience, unselfishness, moderation, willpower,
wise saving, sound budgeting, mature adaptability, healthy
survival, discipline, spirit of social belonging, unity and
brotherhood.
May Allah Almighty bless us with real blessings of
Roza and Ramadhan!
ZAKAT
[The Poor Rate] (The Obligatory Charity)
The economic system is basic to the formation of
human society. Therefore, Allah Almighty has laid down
the best guideline to run an economic system as in the case
of social system. Economic justice can be maintained
following these guidelines: If these are ignored injustice
takes roots which give rise to many other evils. Zakat is of
primary importance in the economic system prescribed by
Allah Almighty.
Islamiat Inter -85- Ch # 1
Meaning:
The Arabic word has been derived from
which means "to purify". By giving Zakat, the giver's heart
is purified from the love of wealth.
Definition:
The Holy Prophrt described Zakat as wealth
taken from the rich and given to the poor. Zakat, the
backbone of the economic system of Islam, is also called
poor-rate or poor-tax. It is really a welfare tax.
IMPORTANCE OF ZAKAT
Zakat was made compulsory in the SECOND year
of Hijrat and its detailed were told in Nineth year of Hijrat
.The importance of Zakat is as under:
IN THE LIGHT OF THE HOLY QURAN:
We may have an idea of the importance of Zakat
from the fact that in the Holy Quran payment of Zakat has
been emphasised along with observance of Namaz at most
places.

And be steadfast In prayer; practise regular charity;

Zakat is a kind of prayer through spending of
money where Namaz is a prayer where a man experiences
physical exertion.
PURGATION OF HEART AND PURIFICATION OF SOUL:
Zakat means to purify. A person who make payment
of Zakat not only purifies his wealth but purifies his heart
and gets rid of the greed for wealth. Love for money is
replaced by love for Allah Almighty. He sacrifices wealth at
the command of Allah Almighty. When he pays Zakat he
realizes that he is not the owner of wealth earned by him.
In fact his wealth is a trust granted by Allah Almighty. This
consciousness saves him from monetary irregularities and
Islamiat Inter -86- Ch # 1
all his actions are subjected to the commands of Allah
Almighty. So it was advised to the Holy Prophet .

Of their goods take alms, that so thou mightest purify and

sanctify them.
FORGIVENESS OF SINS AND INCREASE IN
WEALTH:
When a man spends his wealth at the commands of
Allah Almighty such wealth is treated as a loan to Allah
Almighty and Allah Almighty commits to return this loan,
increasing it many fold and also forgives sins. Allah
Almighty says in the Holy Quran:

If ye loan to Allah, a beautiful loan,He will double it to your

(credit) and He will grant you Forgiveness: For Allah is most
ready to appreciate (service) most forebearing.
PENALTY FOR NON-PAYMENT OF ZAKAT:
The people who do not pay Zakat are described by
Allah Almighty as under:

And there are those who bury gold and silver and spend it not
in the way of Allah; announce unto them a most grievous
penalty.
A SOURCE OF ALLAH'S BLESSINGS:
According to the Holy Quran the payment of Zakat is
a source of acquiring blessings of the world hereafter and
salvation from the torture of hell. This is indeed a great
blessing.
Islamiat Inter -87- Ch # 1
Those who believe, and do deeds of righteousness, and
establish regular prayers and regular charity.
RIGHT OF THE POOR AND THE NEEDY:
Allah Almighty has declared Zakat as a right for the
poor and the needy as it is said in the Holy Quran:

And those in whose wealth is a recognised right. For the

beggar and the destitute.
IMPORTANCE OF ZAKAT IN THE LIGHT OF
HADITH:
According to the Holy Prophet economic
matters are an important part of the religion. He
emphasized on the payment of Zakat as under:
1. ZAKAT AS A TREASURE OF ISLAM:
The Prophet declared Zakat as the treasure of
Islam as he said:

Zakat is the treasure of Islam

Zakat is the treasure that is spent for the welfare of
mankind not for the luxuries of the rulers.
2. ZAKAT SAFEGUARDS THE PROPERTY:
By the payment of Zakat one gets his property safe
from all sorts of dangers as the Prophet said:

Safeguard your wealth by paying Zakat

3. PUNISHMENT FOR THE NON-PAYMENT OF ZAKAT:
The Holy Prophet announced a painful
punishment for the people who store their wealth and do
not pay (poor-rate) Zakat. He said:
Islamiat Inter -88- Ch # 1
"The people who store wealth and do not pay Zakat,
on the day of judgment their wealth will become a
poisonous snake and will bite them saying:

I am your wealth, I am your treasure"

ZAKAT AND THE FIRST CALIPH OF ISLAM:
In view of the importance of the Zakat Hazrat Abu
baker Siddique (R.A) carried out Jehad against the
defaulters of Zakat, although they were believers. Hazarat
Abu Bakar (R.A) declared that he would ensure strict
observance of Namaz and Zakat during his life time.
MINIMUM LIMIT OF WEALTH FOR PAYMENT OF
ZAKAT :
The payment of Zakat is compulsory for people who
are in possession of a certain quantity of gold, silver, money
or trade goods, This specific quantity is called Nisab. The
Nisab of different articles is as under:
1. Gold: 7½ Tolas
2. Silver: 52½ Tolas
3. Money or trade goods:
Equivalent to the value of Nisab prescribed in the
case of gold or silver.
Ratio for deduction of Zakat is 2.5 % means 40th
part.
4. Goats or Sheep: 40 in numbers
5. Cows or Buffalows: 30 in numbers
6. Camels: 05 in numbers
Zakat is due on the Nisab when it remains in the
possession of the owner for one year.
LEGITMATE HEADS OF ZAKAT
Islamiat Inter -89- Ch # 1
Allah Almighty has determined the legitimate heads
for distribution of Zakat. Allah Almighty says in the Holy
Quran:

Alms are for the poor and the needy, and those employed to
administer the (funds); for those whose hearts have been
(recently) reconciled (to Truth); for those in bondage and in
debt; in the cause of Allah Almighty; and for the wayfarer:
(thus is it) ordained by Allah Almighty, and Allah Almighty is
full of knowledge and wisdom.
1. THE DESTITUTE:
The people who are totally poor, who have neither
material possessions nor means of livelihood are called
destitute .
2. THE NEEDY:
The people who are with insufficient means of
livelihood to meet basic needs are called the needy.
3. ZAKAT COLLECTORS:
Payment of salaries to the staff who are appointed to
collect Zakat.
4. NEW MUSLIMS:
Aid to the people who are newly convert to Islam to
console them.
5. SLAVES AND PRISONERS:
To assist slaves and to meet the expenses to liberate
the people who are undergoing imprisonment.
6. THE INDIGENT:
Islamiat Inter -90- Ch # 1
One who is in debt; for the clearance of loans of
indigent people.
7. IN THE WAY OF ALLAH:
To meet the expenses of Jehad and assist the people
who undertake the preaching of Islam.
8. TRAVELERS:
To aid the traveler who needs money during the
journey although at home he is capable of paying Zakat.
The payment of Zakat at collective level is
compulsory in an Islamic State. However, if Muslims are
living under an un-Islamic government the Zakat should be
paid through organizations or other cooperative bodies.
SOME PRINCIPLES OF PAYMENT OF ZAKAT:

1 Zakat is payable only by the Muslims.

2. Members of the family who are dependents e.g.
mother, father, son, daughter, wife etc, are not
eligible to receive Zakat. However, Zakat may be
preferably distributed among the far relatives in
preference to other.
3. Generally Zakat collected from a town should be
distributed among the deserving inhabitants of that
town, However, if there are no deserving recipients
in that town or there exists any emergency condition
e.g., flood, earthquake, famine etc. Zakat can be
distributed outside that town.
4. The distribution of Zakat, should be made to the
deserving after full satisfaction about there
eligibility.
5. The requisite goods can also be purchased out of
Zakat for distribution amongst the needy.
6. The deserving recipient need not be told that the
money or goods given to him pertain to Zakat.
Islamiat Inter -91- Ch # 1
The blessing and benefits of Zakat can materialize
only when the will of people keep in view the blessing and
approval of Allah Almighty as their basic guideline. An
effort should be made to perpetuate the collective system of
recovery and distribution of Zakat for all times to come.
BENIFITS OF ZAKAT

Zakat is the pillar of Islam. It is in fact the foundation

of Islamic economic system. It helps the society to become a
welfare society. Some of its advantages are as under:

(A) ECONOMIC BENEFITS

DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH:
In the economic system based on interest, capital has
more utility than labour. As a result, the workers become
poorer and the capitalist deprives them of their wealth
through different tactics. In this way, the economic system
is paralysed. Zakat is the best solution of this problem.
Through this system a sizeable portion of wealth is
transferred from the rich classes to the poor classes. The
economic condition of the poor is improved. This fact is
described by the Holy Quran thus:

That it become not a commodity between the rich among you

ERADICATION OF USURY (Interest on Loan):
Zakat helps in eradicating usury as the gulf between
the rich and the poor decreases and social co-operation
increases.
Islamiat Inter -92- Ch # 1
Allah Almighty will deprive usury of all blessing, but will give
increase for deeds of charity.
ECONOMIC GROWTH:
Distribution and division of wealth decreases the
gulf between the rich and the poor thus the result is
economic growth. As the rate of Zakat is only 2½% the
wealthy person pays it willingly and honestly as compared
to the payment of other heavy taxes. Zakat promotes
investment whereas heavy taxes result in the concealment
of capital and weakness of national economy.
INCREASE IN INVESTMENT:
The wealthy person is compelled to invest his wealth
in some profitable business to make up for the deficiency on
account of Zakat. In this way, investment grows.
(B) SOCIAL BENEFITS
LOVE BETWEEN THE RICH AND THE POOR:

Distribution of Zakat among the poor by the rich

creates passion of love among the poor for the rich.
END OF SOCIAL EVILS:
Wealth in a society is like blood in the human body.
If all the blood is concentrated in the heart (i.e. the rich
classes) all other organs in the body (i.e. people) will be
paralysed and ultimately damage the heart. If the poor
classes suffer from poverty, the rich classes will fall a victim
to moral diseases like luxury, love for comfort and
ignorance to the life hereafter. Obviously both these classes
will develop jealously and hatred for each other. The
tension will grow gradually with the passage of time and
produce undesirable consequences. Payment of Zakat
reduces all these dangers and purifies not only the wealth
but also the heart of faithful.
PASSION FOR SACRIFICE:
Islamiat Inter -93- Ch # 1
Payment of Zakat produces passion of sacrifice and
welfare among the masses. Thus, a society becomes a real
human society.
ETERNAL SUCCESS:
Payment of Zakat is a source of eternal success. As it
is delared in the Holy Qura'n:

Who are active in deeds of charity…

In view of all these individual as well as collective
benefits, the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad
Mustafa was directed immediately after the establishment
of Islamic state in Madina.

Of their goods take alms, that so thou mightest purify and

sanctify them.
THE ROLE OF ISLAMIC GOVERNMENT:

An Islamic government immidiately after its

establishment is bound to establish a complete system of
Zakat. All the Muslims have to pay Zakat to the collectors
of the government. If, however, the Muslims are under non-
Muslim rule, they should pay Zakat to organizations or
institutions, which operate on the basis of mutual co-
operation.
CONCLUSION:
Zakat has a deep humanitarian and social-political
value; for example, it frees society from class warfare, from
ill feelings and distrust and from corruption. Although Islam
does not hinder private enterprise or condemn private
possession, it does not tolerate selfish and greedy capitalism.
Islam adopts a moderate but positive and effective course
Islamiat Inter -94- Ch # 1
between individual and society, between the citizen and the
state, between capitalism and socialism, between materialism
and spiritualism.

HAJJ
Muslims from all walks of life, from every corner of
the globe assemble in Makkah in response to the call of
Allah Almighty. There is no royalty, but there is loyalty of
all to Allah Almighty, the Creator. It is to commemorate
the Divine rituals observed by the Prophet Abraham
and his son Ismael , who were the first
pilgrims to the house of Allah Almighty on earth: the
Ka'abah. It is also to remember the great assembly of the
Day of Judgement when people will stand equal before
Allah Almighty.
LITERAL MEANING:
The literal meaning of the word Hajj is the will
and desire to visit.
DEFINITION:
"In the terminology of Shariah, it means the will to
visit the Holy Ka'abah which was the first structure built
by Hazrat Adam (A.S) for the worship of Allah Almighty."
Hajj is a pilgrimage to Makkah, at least once in a
lifetime and it is obligatory upon every Muslim male and
female who is mentally, physically and financially fit. It is
the largest annual convention of faith on earth.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPORTANCE OF HAJJ:
Hajj is one of the fundamental institutions of Islam.
Its significance is as under:
IN THE LIGHT OF THE HOLY QUR'AN
1. A COMPULSORY RELIGIOUS DUTY:
According to the Holy Qur'an Hajj is compulsory
only on those who are sound of mind, adults and have the
provision of travel as it is said:
Islamiat Inter -95- Ch # 1

Pilgrimage thereto is a duty owe to Allah Almighty, those who

can afford the journey;
2. PUNISHMENT FOR REFUSAL TO PERFORM HAJJ:
All those Muslims who fulfill the obligation and yet
abstain from performing Hajj once in their life time give a
lie to their being Muslims. It is said:

And if anyone deny faith; Allah Almighty stands not in need

of any of His creatures;
It means that this comprehensive prayer has been
made compulsory for the sake of Allah Almighty. Allah
Almighty has such a right over His creatures but He wants
to shower blessings and benefits to human beings through
this prayer.
3. PROHIBITION OF FIGHT AND QUARREL:
Peace is the dominant theme of Hajj. Peace with Allah
Almighty, with one's soul, with one another, with all living
creatures. To disturb the peace of anyone or any creature in
any shape or form is strictly prohibited.

Let there be no obscenity, nor wickedness, nor wrangling in

the Hajj.
4. THE BEST PROVISION FOR HAJ:
It is allowed to fetch necessities alongwith while
going to Hajj yet it is also declared that the best provision is
piety:

And take a provision (With you) for the journey, but the best
of provisions is right conduct.
Islamiat Inter -96- Ch # 1
IN THE LIGHT OF HADITH
1. REMISSION OF SINS:
The greatest benefit of the performance of Hajj is
the total remission of sins. The Holy Prophet has
declared;

Anyone who performs Hajj in compliance with the command

of Allah Almighty and shuns evil deeds during Hajj returns
as innocent as a newly born child.
This arrangement to cleanse and chastise the sinners
in this world is a token of the mercy and blessing of Allah.
2. PUNISHMENT FOR REFUSAL TO PERFORM HAJJ:
It is the height of ingratitude and misfortune if we
do not avail ourselves of this opportunity. The Holy
Prophet says:

If a person, who can afford to perform Hajj and there is

nothing to obstruct his way e.g., a pressing need, a tyrant
king or a disease, fails to perform Hajj and dies, dies not as a
Muslim but will die as Jew or a Christian.
3. REWARD OF HAJJ:

The Holy Prophet , about the reward of

performing Hajj said:
Islamiat Inter -97- Ch # 1
Hajj accepted and approved by Allah Almighty is rewarded
with paradise

RITES OF HAJJ
The rites of Hajj centre on complete submission and
devotion to Allah Almighty. At the same time, they serve as
an example of total submission and obedience of Prophet
Ibrahim , especially his willingness to sacrifice what
he loved most in the world, his son Ismail , at Allah's
Command. The main RITES of Hajj are as follow:
MEEQAAT:
It is the place beyond where from no one can
proceed to Makkah to perform Hajj and Umra without
putting on THE EHRAM otherwise he shall have to offer
sacrifice.
THE EHRAM:
Ehram, two white sheets of unsewn cloth is the
prescribed dress of Hajj.
TAWAF:
The literal meaning of the word TAWAF is
to go round (to move round). The pilgrims walk seven times
around the Ka'abah. This is called Tawaf. One circle
around Ka'abah during Tawaf is called Shaut . There
are three major types of Tawaf:
Tawaf-e-Qadoom:
It is Sunnat and is performed on entering
Masjid-Haram.
Tawaf-e-Ziarat:
It is also called "Tawaf-e-Rukn". It is a Rukn or
obligatory component of Hajj and must be performed
between the dawn of 10th and 12th of Zil-Hajj.
Tawaf-e-Widaa:
Islamiat Inter -98- Ch # 1
This is performed at the time of departure and is
WAJIB for all those performing Umra.
SAYI:
Sayi is running seven times between the SAFA
and MARWA . These two hills are close to the well of
ZAM ZAM . It was between these two hills that Hazrat
Hajra , wife of Hazrat Ibrahim , ran
in search of water for her infant son, Hazrat Ismail .
This ritual expresses respect for maternal love and
gratitude to Allah Almighty Who made the sacred spring of
ZAM ZAM appear.
JOURNEY TO MINA:
On the 8th Zil-Hajj the Pilgrims journey to Mina, a
plain which lies between Arafat and Makkah.The Pilgrims
must reach there before noon so that the Zuhr prayer may
be performed there.
WUQUF-e-ARAFAT:
On the 9th of Zil-Hajj which is called Yaum-e-
Arafah the pilgrims should leave Mina after the Fajr
prayer and move on to the plain of Arafat. The stay in the
plain of Arafat is called WUQUF-e-ARAFAT
(The Assembly at Arafat). This stay at Arafat is the
supreme experience of Hajj and is also the most important
part of Hajj, without it Hajj would be incompete.
RAMI OF JAMARAT:
Rami is the symbolic ceremony of stoning the Satan
held at Mina. Rami is performed on 10, 11 and 12 Zil-
Hajj.
SACRIFICE:
On the 10th of Zil-Hajj at Mina the pilgrims offer a
sacrifice in memory of Hazrat Ibrahim who was
Islamiat Inter -99- Ch # 1

willing to sacrifice his son Hazrat Ismail at the

command of Allah Almighty.
HALQ (Head Shave):
After the sacrifice, the male pilgrims should shave
his head and a female pilgrim may clip a lock of hair only.
After this the pilgrims are no longer in EHRAM.
IT IS COMPREHENSIVE
Hajj is such a prayer as contains the essence of all
other prayers. From the point of departure for Hajj till his
return a Muslim offers his Namaz regularly and gets closer
to Allah Almighty. When he spends money for Hajj it is
similar to payment of Zakat. When he controls his sensual
desires and avoids moral evils he undergoes a state of
fasting. Leaving his home enduring the hardship of travel
are similar to the efforts of Jehad. Hazrat Ayesha
Siddiquah (R.A) quotes the Holy Prophet as under:
"The greatest Jehad is the performance of Hajj”
Keeping in view the saying of the Holy Prophet
Hazrat Umer (R.A) used to say:
"Be prepared for Hajj because it is also a kind of Jehad"

THE FEELINGS OF THE VISITORS OF KAA'BA

If we consider the rites of Hajj we will appreciate that

every step implies a moral and spiritual training of a Hajji.
When a person leaves his nears and dears, shuns worldly
pursuits, covers himself with two unsewn sheets, and presents
himself with two unsewn sheets, and presents himself at the
Bait Ullah Sharif raising the cries of this journey becomes a
journey towards the world hereafter.
While performing the rites of Hajj in a pure
atmosphere he experiences strange feelings. In Medan-e-
Islamiat Inter -100- Ch # 1
Arafat he remembers the tidings of Allah Almighty that in
the form of Islam he had perfected their religion as a great
gift. He also remembers the unique commands of the Holy
Prophet uttered during his last address that the
Muslims should uphold the Holy Quran and Hadith to
remain on the right path. When offering sacrifice, he
remembers the great sacrifices of Hazrat Ibrahim. He
realizes that his petty sacrifices cannot be a match to those
great sacrifices. He realizes that he should live and die for
the sake of Allah Almighty. He recites the following verse of
the Holy Quran:

Say: Truly, my prayer and my service of sacrifice, my life and

death, are (all) for Allah the Cherisher of the Worlds. No
partner hath He: This am I commanded, and I am the first of
those who bow to His Will.
At Mina he throws pebbles at his eternal enemy
Satan with the intention that if Satan would try to mislead
him from the right path, he would not be led astray. When
he reaches Bait Ullah he is in a state of ecstasy. He is over
whelmed with the joy of looking at the long cherished Bait
Ullah Sharif. After circling round the Khana Kaa’ba he
runs between Safa and Marva. Here he makes a resolution
that he would developed all the powers and energy
bestowed upon him by Allah Almighty in the service of
Islam and he would always following path prescribed by
Hazrat Muhammad . He expresses his desire in the
following prayers:
Islamiat Inter -101- Ch # 1

O Allah; keep me on the path of thy Prophet and call me for

Hajj and enable me to avoid evil lapses.
BENEFITS
The real benefit of Hajj is that one remembers Allah
Almighty throughout the process of Hajj and comes nearer
to Allah Almighty. Apart from this Hajj has many other
social and moral benefits like other organs of Islam.

1. PURIFICATION:
On this occasion people coming from different
regions all over the world are purified and chastised.
2. REFORMATION OF SOCIETY:
These people are inspired with the power of faith
and piety and become a source of reforms and
improvement of their respective community.
3. GRANDEUR OF MUSLIM UMMAH:
The grand congregation of Hajj reflects the glory
and grandeur of the Muslim Ummah.
4. SIMPLICITY AND EQUALITY:
Muslims in pilgrimage meet in one place, Makkah,
dressed in one uniform, worshipping Allah Almighty, the
One God, and performing the same rites during the fixed
period of Hajj. There is no discrimination between them
since all are Allah's bondsmen. No white man has
preference over a black man, neither the rich over the
poor.The people who come from different parts of the
world repeat the same Kalma irrespective of their colour,
race, nation or country.
5. DEVOTION TO THE CAUSE OF ISLAM:
Islamiat Inter -102- Ch # 1
In this way, Muslims are acquainted with one
another, cooperate one with the other, and they remember
the day when they will be resurrected and gathered before
Allah Almighty who will account them for their deeds.
Thus, they prepare themselves for the Hereafter and do
their best to obey Allah Almighty, their Lord. They are
overwhelmed with a spirit of submission to Allah Almighty
and appear to be an army of soldiers devoted to the causes
of Islam.
6. ECONOMIC GROWTH:
Hajj has an important commercial and economic
benefit. Pilgrims Hajj is coming from different countries
exchange their goods and obtain profit.
CONCLUSION:
Hajj is one of the fundamental religious institutions
of Islam. It is the greatest of all acts of worship. It is, in fact,
the culmination of worship. It is an exhibition of
brotherhood, equality, punctuality and discipline. It
provides an opportunity to Muslims from various countries
of the world to become acquinted with one another and of
discussing common problems facing the Muslim
community. The chief importance lies in the fact that it
strengthens one's faith in Islam.
The Hajj Accepted and Approved by Allah:
The above mentioned collective and individual
benefits of Hajj can be fruitful only when our object is to
seek the blessings of Allah Almighty. The center of our all
activities should be to gain the spiritual objects of Hajj.
Only then our Hajj can be accepted and approved by Allah
Almighty.
JEHAD
When we accept Allah Almighty as sovereign of this
world, it is expected that we should follow the dictates of
Allah Almighty in all matters of our life. We should not yield
Islamiat Inter -103- Ch # 1
to the command of any other authority. If some power other
than Allah Almighty tries to become sovereign and enforce its
law we should fight against it at the risk of our lives. All the
prayers of Islam lead to the inculcation of this spirit of
devotion and sacrifice. Without this spirit we can neither
survive nor flourish.
LITERAL MEANINGS:
The word 'Jehad' is derived from the root juhd,
which means 'to strive' or 'to struggle'. It denotes the
exertion of oneself to the utmost, to the limits of one's
capacity, in some activity or for some purpose.
DEFINITION:
In religious terms, it means a struggle which is made
to preserve and promote Din and to defend the Muslim
Ummah.
"Jehad means "struggle" and "strive" against evil
thoughts, evil action and aggression against a person,
family, society or country."
The Holy Qur'an uses the verb of "Jehad" in its
generic meaning of "exerting the best efforts against
something"
TYPES OF JEHAD:
Some types of Jehad are described as under:
1. JEHAD AGAINST SELFISH DESIRES:

The first power to obstruct man from total

submission to Allah Almighty is the selfish desires. These
desires are always active in his heart and mind and he has
to remain all the time vigilant to keep them under control.
Therefore, the Holy Prophet has declared that Jehad
against selfish desires is Jehad-e-Akbar (The greatest
struggle) . Without this Jehad it is impossible to
undertake any other Jehad.
Islamiat Inter -104- Ch # 1

2. JEHAD AGAINST SATAN:

After overpowering one's self, it is necessary to
resist Satan and his agents who always persue one to accept
their domination. The Holy Quran describes Satan as
Taghut . It is said in the Holy Quran:

Those who believe fight in the cause of Allah Almighty, and

those who reject Faith fight in the cause of Evil
DIFFERENT WAYS OF JEHAD AGAINST SATAN

In Muslim Society forces of the Taghut exist in the

form of false customs and traditions. Outside Islamic
Society these powers take the form of supremacy of un-
Islamic countries. We can deal with these forces of Taghut
in different ways. The following saying of the Holy Prophet
provides us the best guidance:

When you find evil fight against it If you are not able to fight
speak against it and if not consider it wicked in your heart
and mind. The mere consideration is the weakest degree of
faith.
In the light of above mentioned Hadith following
would be the ways of Jehad against TAGHUT :
JEHAD BY SPEECH:
Some times we use our power of speech to fight
against Satan. In this respect the Holy Quran gives us a
comprehensive direction;
Islamiat Inter -105- Ch # 1

And argue with them in the best of manner

JEHAD BY WRITING:
Some times we use our power of writing against
satan. This type of Jehad is called Jehad by Writing (Pen).
JEHAD BY SPENDING MONEY:
Sometimes we struggle against Satan by spending
our wealth in the cause of Allah Almighty. This type of
Jehad is called .
If we are inspired with the true spirit of Jehad our
insight always guides us towards the right path.

And strive and struggle, with your goods and your persons, in
the cause of Allah.
JEHAD BY SWORD (Armed jehad):
There comes a time during the conflict between the
right and the wrong, when the evil forces resort to an open
war instead of a cold war to obstruct and obliterate the right.
The Muslims have to fight with these forces to preserve their
community and their religion. This fight is of two kinds.
1. The Defensive Jehad:
If any non Muslim power attacks a Muslim country
the Muslims of that country are under obligation to carry
out Jehad for the protection of their din, faith, life,
property and honour. Any effort to make the Islamic
country and Islamic communities safe the domination of
non-Muslim will be considered Jehad. If Muslims living in
a non-Muslim country are being persecuted it is binding on
all the Muslim countries to make an effort to liberate those
Muslims. This is also a kind of defensive Jehad. The Holy
Qura'n guides us:
Islamiat Inter -106- Ch # 1

Fight in the cause of Allah those who fight you

2. Jehad for Reformation:
A person who reads out Kalma Tayaba and accepts
the sovereignty of Allah Almighty and promises to obey the
Holy Prophet he is bound to carry out the struggle to
enforce the sovereignty of Allah Almighty and the Shariah
of Holy Prophet all over the world. An important
object of the deputation of the Holy Prophet is to set
up the true Din in the world. It is said in the Holy Quran:

It is he who hath sent His Messenger with Guidance and the

Religion of Truth, to make it shine above every other religion,
even though the Pagans may detest (it)

In addition to this Allah Almighty says:

And fight them on until there is no more Tumult or

oppression, and there prevail justice and faith in Allah
altogether and everywhere;
WAR AND JEHAD

The opponents of Islam accuse that this religion was

spread by the force of sword. This is not the fact. There is a
Islamiat Inter -107- Ch # 1
great difference between the sword of a Muslim and the
sword of a non believer.

WAR:
The sword of a non believer is to capture either a
territory or to enslave a nation to satisfy the urge for political
or economic supremacy. To achieve this object the non
believers resort to utmost cruelty, terrorism and barbarism. In
case of success, the victims are deprived of their life and
property.
JEHAD:
As against this, the object Islamic Jehad is always to
liberate the people from the tyranny of evil satanic forces and
restore their respect and freedom. To achieve this object the
Muslims follow the code of war prescribed by Allah Almighty
without any personal or selfish consideration. The Islamic
Jehad carried out in the battle field and after victory the
defeated nation is not subjected to any revenged activities.
Every effort is made to create an atmosphere of peace and
security so that the people may enjoy and the human rights as
guaranteed by Islam. When the non-Muslim finds the Islamic
system of social justice, morality and administration, he
simplyhave no defence against it and embrace Islam. This
change was not brought about by sword but by the Islamic
teaching and high character of Mujahedin. The sword was
used to uproot the secular forces which prove an obstruction
in the way of Islamic system of life.
If Islam was spread by the sword, it was the sword
of intellect and convincing arguments. It is this sword that
conquers the hearts and minds of people.
THE BLESSINGS OF JEHAD
Many blessing have been attributed to Jehad, the
Holy Quran and books of traditions.
1. Love of Allah Almighty:
Islamiat Inter -108- Ch # 1
Allah Almighty loves the people who perform Jehad
in His way. It is said in the Holy Quran:

Surely Allah loves those who fight in His way in ranks as if

they were a firm and compact wall.
2. Jehad is a Duty:
Jehad is a duty binding upon the believers. It is said in
the Holy Quran:

And strive in His cause as ye ought to strive

3. Respect of Martyres:
The people who sacrificed in the way of Allah
Almighty, are given a valuable place by the Holy Qur'an. It
is said in the Holy Quran:

And say not of those who are slain in the way of Allah: "They
are dead." Nay, they are living, though ye perceive (it) not.
3. Hazrat Muhammad says that a journey
undertaken in the way of Allah Almighty in the morning or
in the evening is superior to all the worldly gifts. The
reward of facing the enemy in the name of Allah Almighty
is more than the reward of seventy prayers performed at
home.
4. Jehad is helpful for the grant of paradise as it is said
by the Holy Prophet :

Paradise lies under the shadow of swords.

Islamiat Inter -109- Ch # 1
No doubt it was the spirit of Jehad and the urge for
martyrdom which enabled the Muslims to dominate the
whole world in the early period of Islam.

LOVE FOR ALLAH AND HIS RASUL

AND THEIR OBEDIENCE
Blessings of Allah
Allah has not only given life but He has granted us all
the necessities of life. His blessings are in-numerable and His
mercy is infinite. It is said in the Holy Quran:

But if ye count the favours of Allah, never will ye be able to

number them.
How is it possible not being feel a sense of love and
gratefulness for the abundance of gifts and blessings of
Allah? It is said in the Holy Quran:

But those of Faith are overflowing in their love for Allah.

Blessing of the Holy Prophet
After Allah the object of our love is the Holy
Prophet Hazrat Muhammad . It is due to him that we
are blessed with the great wealth of Din. The Holy Prophet
says that no other Prophet has suffered as much pain
and hardship as was inflicted on him. The Holy Prophet
bore all the hardship to save the Ummah from
hardships in the world hereafter. About the love for the
Holy Prophet he says:
Islamiat Inter -110- Ch # 1

No one among you can be a true believer unless he loves the

Prophet more than he loves his parents, his offspring, and
other people

LOVE FOR THE PROPHET REQUIRES

TOTAL OBEDIENCE
Allah has enjoined the obedience of the Holy
Prophet at many places in the Holy Quran: Allah says:

If ye do love Allah, follow me: Allah will love you

The condition of obedience to the Holy Prophet
is not specific to him. It is said in the Holy Quran that the
purpose of deputing Prophets to the world was that people
could obey them.

We sent not an Apostle, but to be obeyed, in accordance with

the will of Allah
In a hadith it is said that the people who did not
follow the commands of the Holy Prophet will not be
able to see the Prophet at Hauz-e-Kausar. In another
hadith the Holy Prophet says :
Islamiat Inter -111- Ch # 1
All my followers will go to paradise except the one who
denies. When asked about him the Holy Prophet said
that a person who obeys him will go to paradise and who
disobeys him will be the one who denies.
RIGHTS OF HUMAN BEINGS

The difference between Islam and other religions is

that they are limited to worship only, while Islam is a
complete discipline of life and that is why it demands total
submission. Allah Almighty said that, "embrace Islam
completely". This clearly shows that it is not possible to
embrace only a few teachings and leave the remaining
behind. However, under various constraints permission is
granted for some exceptions. When you are free of those
constraints then the permission for exceptions is lifted. The
life style expected by Islam covers all aspects of life. The
Holy Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) has
also given practical teachings himself, as a role model of
Islam.
Human Rights means rights of human
beings. Allah Almighty has provided guidance to mankind
about human rights also as if genuine rights of every
individual are granted to all the individuals they can devote
their talent and energy for the uplift of society with perfect
peace of mind. In this way a homogeneous social
environment is created. In case the rights of people are
usurped, a feeling of discontent and unrest arises which
damages the social orders and destructive tendency,
paralyses the constructive capability of the members of the
society. Therefore, a true Muslim is always concerned with
the rights of human beings particularly as the rights of
Allah Almighty. He considers himself equally accountable
for the rights of human beings before Allah Almighty.
(A)THE RIGHTS OF THE PARENTS
Islamiat Inter -112- Ch # 1
(Duties of Children)
Among worldly relations, the relations between
parents and children have the highest status. In a Society, a
person gets maximum help and assistance from his parents.
Parents are not only responsible for bringing a person in this
world but they are also responsible for his upbringing and
education. Only parents sacrifice their comforts and
belongings for the sake of their children. Their love and
affection is a heavenly shelter for their offspring who grow
up, protected from the hardships of life. After Allah
Almighty, the existence of human beings is indebted to the
kindness of parents.
Following are the major Rights of Parents:
(1) Right to be respected and obeyed
(2) Right to scold and rebuke
(3) Right to be looked after
(4) Right to be helped
(5) Right to kind words/good behaviour
Therefore, Allah Almighty has exhorted us to
discharge the rights of parents in the Holy Quran at many
places. Allah Almighty says:

Thy Lord hath decreed that ye worship none but Him, and
that ye be kind to parents. Whether one or both of them
attain old age in their life, say not to them a word of
contempt, nor repel them, but address them in terms of
Islamiat Inter -113- Ch # 1
honour. And, out of kindness, lower to them the wing of
humility, and say: My Lord! Bestow on them thy Mercy even
as they cherished me in childhood!
In the light of the above mentioned Verse following
are the important points regarding rights of the parents:
1. Great Importance:
Kindness and respect to parents is placed only next
to belief in Oneness of Allah Almighty.
2. Gentle Treatment :
Gentle Treatment with the parents is clearly
ordered.
3. Look After in Old Age :
It is ordered to look after the parents in their old
age.
4. Polite Conversation :
Gentle and polite conversation is advised.
5. Praying for Them :
Praying for their life hereafter is also mandatory.

SAYING OF THE HOLY PROPHET :

The Holy Prophet has greatly emphasized that
we should serve our old parents because they have spent
the energy and capability of their life in the upbrining of
their children. It is therefore, obligatory for the offspring to
support the parents in old age.
1. Once the Holy Prophet declared he is
degraded! "He is degraded", "he is degraded". The
companions of the Holy Prophet asked about this
person. The Holy Prophet explained "he is the person
who failed to win paradise because he did not serve his
parents in old age."
2. Hazrat Muhammad has declared,
Islamiat Inter -114- Ch # 1
"A person who is disobedient to his parents will be
deprived of the fragrance of paradise."
(B) RIGHTS OF THE OFFSPRING
(Duties of Parents)
Before the advent of Islam, there was an age when
people killed their offspring. Islam revived the love and
affection of man for his offspring. The practice of murder of
offspring was eliminated and love of the parents for their
children was restored.
Murder of the offspring is prohibited:
Murder of the offspring is prohibited in Islam and
its arguments are:
1. In the Holy Quran the murder of the offspring has
been prohibited in the following words:

Kill not your children for fear of want; We shall provide

sustenance for them as well as for you. Verily the killing of
them is a great sin.
2. Once a companion of the Holy Prophet asked
him about the greatest sin, He replied, "Shirk". He asked
about the sin of lesser degree after Shirk. The Holy Prophet
declared that after Shirk, the disobedience of the
parents and then killing of the offspring due to the fear that
they would share your food resources are great sins.
According to the teaching of Islam, the offspring has
following rights:
 Right to live
 Provision of basic needs like food, accommodation
and medical treatment
 Right to get education
Islamiat Inter -115- Ch # 1
It is the duty of parents that in addition to making
their children earn their livelihood, they should also
inculcate in them a concern for life in the world hereafter
and commission of good deeds. Allah Almighty points out
the responsibility of parents in this respect in the following
words:

O ye who believed save yourselves and your families from a

fire
(1) Right to Basic Need.
(2) Right to education.
(3) Right to love and affection
(4) Right to be well provided (materially)
If parents discharge these rights well they not only
win the blessings of Allah Almighty but also get the service
and help of their offspring in old age. If they ignore the
rights of their children they are left unprotected in their old
age.
If the parents discharge the right of their offspring
according to Allah Almighty and the Holy Prophet , it
will not only become a source of comfort for them in this
world but also win for them their salvation.
Islam sees that if parents fulfilll their duties towards
all their children in terms of providing them with necessary
training, educational backing, moral, ethical and religious
education, this will definitely lead to a more caring child, a
better family atmosphere and a better social environment and
awareness. On the other hand, any negligence in those
parental duties can lead to the loss of a child or ill treatment
of the parents at a later age.
(C) MUTUAL RIGHTS OF HUSBAND AND WIFE
The basic unit of society is home and the peace and
prosperity of a home depend on cordial relations between
husband and wife. This happy relationship only guarantees
Islamiat Inter -116- Ch # 1
the happiness of two individuals and of two families. The
deterioration in this relationship weakens many other
relations. Allah Almighty says about the rights of husband
and wife in following words:

And women shall have rights similar to the rights against

them, according to what is equitable; but men have a degree
(of advantage) over them
1. RIGHTS OF HUSBAND (Duties of Wife):
The main obligation of the wife as a partner in a
marital relationship is to contribute to the success and
blissfulness of the marriage as much as possible. She must
be attentive to the comfort and well-being of her mate. She
may neither offend him nor hurt his feelings. Perhaps
nothing can illustrate the point better than the Qur'anic
statement which describes the righteous people as those
who pray saying:

"Our Lord! Grant unto us wives and offspring who will be

the joy and the comfort of our eyes, and guide us to be models
of righteousness."
Allah Almighty describes the qualities of a good wife
as under:

Therefore, the righteous women are obedient, and guard in

(the husband's) absence
A man is responsible for the provision of needs of
his wife and children as well as their protection. The
women have been bound to remain faithful and obedient to
their husbands. The following sayings of the Holy Prophet
Islamiat Inter -117- Ch # 1

indicate the status of husband before his wife, "If I

had ordered to bow before any one other than Allah
Almighty I would have ordered a wife to bow before her
husband."
This is the basis on which all the wife's obligations
rest and from which they flow. To fulfilll this basic
obligation:
1- The wife must be faithful, trustworthy, and honest.
It is related by Anas (R.A) that the Prophet
said
"If a woman offers five times daily prayer, keeps the
fasts of Ramadan, guards her honour and obeys her
husband, then she will enter Paradise by whichever gate
she pleases."
2- She must not deceive her mate by deliberately
avoiding conception lest it deprive him of legitimate
progeny.
3- She must not allow any other person to have access
to that which is exclusively the husband's right.
4- She must not receive anyone in his home whom the
husband does not like.
5- She may not accept their gifts without his approval.
This is probably meant to avoid jealousy, suspicion,
gossip, etc., and also to maintain the integrity of all
parties concerned.
6- The husband's possessions are her trust. If she has
access to any portion thereof, or if she is entrusted
with any fund, she must discharge her duty wisely
and thriftily. She may not lend or dispose of any of
his belongings without his permission.
7- With respect to intimacy, the wife is to make herself
desirable; to be attractive, responsive, and
cooperative.
8- A wife may not deny herself to her husband, for the
Qur'an speaks of them as a comfort to each other.
Islamiat Inter -118- Ch # 1
Due consideration is, of course, given to health and
decency.
9- Moreover, the wife is not permitted to do anything
that may render her companionship less desirable or
less gratifying. If she neglects herself, the husband
has the right to interfere with her freedom to rectify
the situation and insure maximum self-fulfilllment
for both partners. She is not permitted to do
anything on his part that may impede her
gratification."
The Prophet has said
"A woman who dies in the state that her husband is pleased
with her, shall go to Paradise."
2. RIGHTS OF WIFE (Duties of Husband):
This superior status of man is for the purpose
conducting house hold affairs in a courageous better way
and not to inflict cruelty on woman. Islam the only religion
which restored self respect of women.
Men were entrusted with the responsibility to
protect women and not to rule over them. It was emphasis
that wives should be well treated. The Holy Prophet
emphasized good treatment of wives. He says:

He is better among you who is good to his wife

Once a companion of the Holy Prophet asked
him, "What is the right of a wife on her husband?" The
Holy Prophet replied, "A husband should provide to
his wife the same food and the same clothes as he chooses
for himself. He should not slap her abuse her". The Holy
Prophet was so conscious of the rights of wives that in
his Khutba Hijjat-ul-Wadda he greatly emphasized decent
treatment with them. The husband has been advised not to
Islamiat Inter -119- Ch # 1
misuse his powers and refrain from maltreating his wife.
He should ignore her minor defects and appreciate her
good points. In this context Allah Almighty says:

On the contrary live with them on a footing of kindness and

equity. If ye take a dislike to them, it may be that ye dislike a
thing, and Allah Almighty brings about through it a great
deal of good.
This has been further explained by the Holy Prophet
in the following tradition,
"Do not hate your wives for their defects. If you try to
find out any good point in them you will surely find it."
1- Consort with his wife in an equitable and kind
manner. Allah Almighty says, "… and consort with them in
kindness." (An-Nisa': 19)
2- Have responsibility for the full maintenance of the
wife, a duty which he must discharge cheerfully, without
reproach, injury, or condescendence. Allah Almighty says:
"Let him who hath abundance spend of his abundance, and
he whose provision is measured, let him spend of that
which Allah Almighty hath given him. Allah Almighty
asketh naught of any soul save that which He hath given it.
Allah Almighty will vouchsafe, after hardship, ease." (At-
Talaq: 7)
Components of Maintenance:
Maintenance entails the wife's incontestable right to
lodging, clothing, nourishing, and general care and well-
being.
1- The wife's residence must be adequate so as to
provide her with the reasonable level of privacy,
comfort, and independence. The welfare of the wife
and the stability of the marriage should be the
ultimate goal.
Islamiat Inter -120- Ch # 1
2- What is true of the residence is true of clothing,
food, and general care. The wife has the right to be
clothed, fed, and cared for by the husband, in
accordance with his means and her style of life.
These rights are to be exercised without
extravagance or miserliness.
Non-Material Rights:
A husband is commanded by the law of God to:
1- Treat his wife with equity.
2- Respect her feelings, and to show her kindness and
consideration.
3- Not to show his wife any aversion or to subject her
to suspense or uncertainty.
4- Not to keep his wife with the intention of inflicting
harm on her or hindering her freedom.
5- Let her demand freedom from the marital bond, if
he has no love or sympathy for her.
In short the significance of marriage and the aims
and advantages that are associated with it are self-evident.
Peace of mind and a happy life are greatly dependent on
the mutual relationship that develops between husband and
wife.
(D) RIGHTS OF RELATIVES
After the rights of parents, offspring and wives
Islam emphasizes the rights of relatives. In Islamic terms,
'Silah-Rahimi' is used to denote good treatment
towards the relatives'. In social life a man mostly deals with
his relatives after the members of his family. If members of
a family discharge their mutual rights properly a happy
atmosphere of love and affection will prevail. Other wise
hatred and estrangement will poison the atmosphere. The
peace and harmony of the family will be destroyed. In the
Holy Quran as well as in the Hadiths decent treatment with
relatives has been repeatedly emphaised. Allah Almighty
says in the Holy Quran:
Islamiat Inter -121- Ch # 1

And render to the kindred their due rights

MONITORY HELP:
The Muslims have been ordered to look after the
needs of their relatives so that they may not be forced to
beg from others. The Muslims have been called upon to
give priority to their relatives while spending on account of
charity.
CONSOLATION IN SUFFERINGS:
They should not make their relatives suffer from a
sense of loneliness or a sense of inferiority. They should
share the sorrows and joys of their relatives. Assistance
through relatives does not injure the self respect of a person.
If a man begs others for help he as well as his family is
degraded.
KIND TREATMENT:
Basically, there are two ways of being kind and
considerate to relatives. One is by giving them monetary
assistance, when needed, and the other is by devoting a part
of one's time and energy at their service.
REGARD OF RIGHTS:
Family quarrels, which generally arise from the
disregard of the relatives' rights, affect a man's health and
make it difficult for him to concentrate in his work. Those
who treat their relatives well and are helpful to them are
free from tensions of this kind and they are happier and
more peaceful.
SAYINGS OF THE PROPHET ABOUT
RELATIVES:
1. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) has said:

"Whoever violates the rights of relatives shall not go to

Paradise.”
Islamiat Inter -122- Ch # 1
This Hadith, alone, should be enough to make us
realize the importance of Silah-Rahimi'. It shows that the
violation of the relatives' rights is so detested by Allah
Almighty, that with its filthiness, no one can enter Paradise.
It is only when a person (believer) has received his
punishment or has been forgiven, that the gates of Paradise
will be opened for him.
2. If we take care of the rights of our relatives
according to the teachings of Allah Almighty and the Holy
Prophet society will be safe from many evils.
It is related by Anas (R.A.) that the Prophet
Muhammad (PBUH) said,
"Whoever wants an increase in his sustenance and
that the marks of his feet remain for a long time in the world
(i.e. to live long) - he should be kind and helpful to his
relatives."
3. Often, there are people who care little for the bonds
of relationship and are ruin and unjust in this respect.
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) has enjoined to continue
to treat them well and fulfilll the obligations, irrespective of
what they do and how they behave. Abdullah ibn Umar
(R.A.) relates from the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH),
"He does not fulfilll the claim of Silah-Rahimi who
shows no kindness in return for the kindness shown to him.
The person who really fulfills the claim is he who treats his
relatives well even when they are mean and unjust to him.
In short, when the violation of the rights of relatives
is returned in a similar manner, the evil will spread in the
society -- while if it is returned with kindness, it may lead to
their correction and it will assist in the promotion of Silah-
Rahimi, in the life of the community.
(E)THE RIGHTS OF TEACHERS
Islam has made acquisition of knowledge compulsory
for the Muslims and the teachers have been assigned the
Islamiat Inter -123- Ch # 1
highest position to ensure the prestige of knowledge and
mankind.
Importance of Teachers:
The prestige of the profession of teaching becomes
sublime when we find that it has a special relationship with
the mission of the Holy Prophet . The Holy Prophet
says:

I have been sent as a teacher

Teachers reform the thought and action of the new
generation by imparting proper guidance and instruction.
The new generation grows up under their prescribed
moulds and models.
DIGNITY OF TEACHERS:
The Holy Prophet says about the dignity and
respect of a teacher,
"You have three fathers. First is responsible for
your birth, the second who engaged his daughter with you
and the third who imparted knowledge to you".
RIGHTS:
 Respect
 Obedience
 Submission to Orders
 Following the Instructions
The teacher saturates the students with the rain of
knowledge. It depends on the students how much
knowledge they can absorb and enrich their character and
personality. A teacher like the parents is never jealous of
his student. There is a custom among the Muslims that
students adopt the name of their teacher to show their
respect and sense of gratitude for him. In this way, the
name of the teacher becomes immortal through his able
students.
Islamiat Inter -124- Ch # 1
(F) THE RIGHTS OF NEIGHBOURS
In daily life, a person has to deal with his neighbour.
Therefore, the rights of neighbours have been greatly
emphasized. There are three kinds of neighbours who
deserve special treatment:
THREE KINDS OF NEIGHBOURS:
According to the Holy Qur’an Neighbours are of
three kinds:

Neighbours who are near, neighbours who are strangers, the

companion by your side, the wayfarer (ye meet),
i. Neighbours who are relatives
ii. Non-relative neighbours even if they are non Muslims
iii. Temporary relationship with colleagues or during
journey together.
RIGHTS OF NEIGHBOURS ACCORDING TO HADITH
(sayings of the Prophet )
Some of the traditions regarding the rights of
neighbours are presenteded below:
a. A person who eats while his neighbour is hungry is
not a believer.
b. A person who is good and kind to his neighbours
holds a superior position among you.
c. If a neightbour needs your help, help him; If he asks
for a loan, give him; if he is a destitute, give him
financial assistance; if he falls ill, arrange for his
treatment and if he dies accompany his funeral to
the grave yard and look after his children; if he wins
an honour, congratulate him; if he suffers a
hardships, sympathise with him; do not raise your
wall so high as to obstruct his light and air; if you
bring sweets or fruits send him a share.
d. Hazrat Mujahid says that the Holy Prophet
emphasized the rights of neighbours to such an
Islamiat Inter -125- Ch # 1
extent that we thought as if they might be entitled to
a share in the inheritance.
e. Once the Holy Prophet was told about a woman
that she was very pious, regular in prayers, kept fast
and offered Tahjud prayer but persecuted her
neighbours. The Holy Prophet declared that she
would go to hell. Then another woman was
mentioned who offered compulsory prayers but the
Holy Prophet declared that she would go to
paradise.
Nevertheless, these traditions and teachings explain
clearly the importance of good and kind treatment to
neighbors and they are a clear admonition to those who
remain indifferent to the needs and difficulties of their
neighbors and care nothing for them.
(G) THE RIGHTS OF NON-MUSLIMS
Allah Almighty has made it clear in the Holy Quran
that the non-believers could never be the friends of
Muslims. Inspite of this it has been instructed to accord a
decent treatment to the non-Muslims. It is the great quality
of Islam that non-Muslims have been granted equal rights.
Islam is a religion of mercy to all people, both
Muslims and non-Muslims. The Prophet was described as
being a mercy in the Quran due to the message he brought
for humanity:

"And We have not sent you but as a mercy to all the worlds."
CLASSIFICATION OF NON-MUSLIM:
1. Permanent Residents
Muslim jurists use the term ' People of the Covenant
' (Arabic 'dhimmi' or 'Ahl ul-Dhimma' ) to refer
to non-Muslim residents. It is not a derogatory term, as
Islamiat Inter -126- Ch # 1
some have made it seem. In Arabic language the word
'dhimma' means a treaty of protection for non-Muslims
living in Muslim territory. A similar term, 'Ahl ul-
Dhimma' , means 'People of the Covenant ,' because they
are protected under the covenant extended to them by
Prophet Muhammad and the Muslims.
2. Temporary Residents
This category includes two types:
i. The residents of non-Muslims countries who are at
peace with Muslims through specific peace agreements,
international treaties, or other mechanisms, who
temporarily come to Muslim countries for work, education,
business, diplomatic missions, and so forth.
ii. The residents of non-Muslims countries with whom
Muslims do not have a pact of peace, or who may be at war
with Muslims, who temporarily come to Muslim countries
for work, education, business, diplomatic missions, and so
forth.
All classes have general rights common to them, and
exclusive rights specific to each group.
THE GENERAL RIGHTS OF NON-MUSLIMS
1. FREEDOM OF FAITH :
Islam does not compel people of other faiths to
convert. It has given them complete freedom to retain their
own faith and not to be forced to embrace Islam. This
freedom is documented in both the Quran and the Prophetic
teachings known as Sunnah. The people of other religions be
free to practice their own faith, only accepting the guidance
offered by Islam by their own choice. God says in the Quran:

"There is no compulsion in religion…"

Allah Almighty has also forbidden Muslims from
speaking ill of the gods and deities worshipped by non-
Muslims so that they do not speak ill of the One, True God.
Islamiat Inter -127- Ch # 1

"Do not revile those whom they call upon besides Allah, lest
they out of spite revile Allah in their ignorance".
2. KIND TREATMENT :
Not only does Islam demand their freedom to
practice religion, but also that they be treated justly as any
other fellow human. The Muslims have been urged to treat
the Muslims kindly. Warning against any abuse of non-
Muslims in an Islamic society, the Prophet stated:
"Beware! Whoever is cruel and hard on a non-Muslim
minority, curtails their rights, burdens them with more than
they can bear, or takes anything from them against their free
will; I (Prophet Muhammad will complain against the
person on the Day of Judgment." (Abu Dawud)
3. RIGHT TO JUSTICE:
Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran:

And let not the hatred of others to you make you swerve to
wrong and depart from justice. Be jus: That is next to piety
and fear Allah.
4. FREEDOM OF SOCIAL LAWS:
Islam also permitted non-Muslims to observe their
civil law in matters such as marriage and divorce. Regarding
criminal justice, Muslim jurists would pass sentences on non-
Muslims in issues considered sinful in their religion such as
theft, but exempted them from issues they held to be
permissible such as drinking wine and eating pork. Allah
Almighty says,
Islamiat Inter -128- Ch # 1

"…If they do come to you, either judge between them or

decline to interfere…"
5. PROTECTION OF HONOUR:
Non-Muslims have the right that their honour be
protected. This right is extended not only to non-Muslim
residents, but also to visitors. They all have the right to be
secure and protected. Allah Almighty says:

"And if any one of the polytheists seeks your protection, then

grant him protection so that he may hear the words of God
(the Quran). Then deliver him to his place of safety. That is
because they are a people who do not know."
In short, Islam desires that its followers should treat
the non-Muslims as a doctor treats his patients. Due to this
decent treatment, the Muslims have always been able to win
the hearts of non Muslims.
Islamiat Inter -129- Ch # 1

SOCIAL OBLIGATIONS

A. Good Morals
Islam aims at making human society happy and
prosperous. Therefore, morals and good conduct have been
accorded great importance. It has been declared the religious
duty of the Muslims to uphold moral values. A believer
adheres to these moral values because his nature, fortified by
faith, induces him to do so, and because the religion he
believes in commands him with them and promises him a
reward for them in the Hereafter. A few of the moral values
are described as under:
1. HONESTY
(Trustworthiness)
Meaning and Definition:
Honesty means doing the right thing in the right way
at the right time. Honesty means objectivity in judgment,
objectivity in evaluation, and objectivity in decisions of all
types. Honesty implies the right selection of personnel and the
right promotion of personnel, i.e., selection by merit and
promotion by merit, not by temper or favouritism or personal
relations.
Honesty in words implies telling the truth in all
cases and under all conditions. Honesty also implies
fulfillling the promise, whether written or given orally, in
text and spirit. Honesty also implies giving the right advice
to the one who asks for it. Honesty also implies doing one's
work as sincerely and as perfectly as possible. Honesty also
implies carrying out duties as fully as possible whether the
person is supervised or not. Honesty means giving every
person his due rights without his asking for these rights.
Thus, Honesty is the basic requirement of the proper
maintenance of economic and social relations. If there is no
honesty in a society the business matters as well as private
Islamiat Inter -130- Ch # 1
relationship is deteriorated beyond reforms. Mutual trust is
ruined.
HONESTY IN THE LIGHT OF THE HOLY QURA'N:
Islam urges its followers to observe honesty to save
themselves from the above harmful effects.
1. Allah Almighty says:

Allah Almighty doth command you to render back your

Trusts to those to whom they are due
2. While describing the qualities of people who are
successful in this world as well as in the world
hereafter it has been declared:

Those who faithfully observe their trust and their covenants

3. It is ordered in the Holy Qura'n to be honest and to
render back the Trusts.

Let him who is trusted deliver up that which is entrusted to

him
HONESTY IN THE LIGHT OF HADITH:
1. Honesty is necessary for Faith:
The Holy Prophet has declared that a person
without honesty is a person without faith.

2. Dishonesty is the symbol of a Hypocrite:

Once the Holy Prophet pointed out three
characteristics of a hypocrites to identify him:
Islamiat Inter -131- Ch # 1
 When he speaks he tells lies.
 When he makes a promise, he never keeps it.
 When he is given a trust he misappropriates it.
3. Conversation in company is Amanat (Trust):
The Holy Prophet has declared that the
contents of a conversation in company are also Amanat
(Trust). It means that it is dishonesty to convey the talk
heard at one place to the other.

4. Deceitfulness Leads to Hell:

The Holy Prophet said:
"He who cheats is not of us. Deceitfulness and fraud are
things that lead one to Hell."
USWA-E-HASANAH :
It is well known that even before his induction as
Prophet Hazrat Muhammad was called "Al-Ameen"
i.e. Most Honest in the dishonest society of Arabia. He
was conscious of his obligations as an honest person. So
much so that at the time of migration from Madina he
ensured the return of trusts in his charge to those people
who are out to murder him.
EFFECTS:
1. Love and Respect
2. Social Co-operation
3. Social Peace
4. Economic Progress
5. Unity
6. Blessings of Allah Almighty
In Islam, honesty is not confined only to business
dealings but includes the discharge of all obligations
Islamiat Inter -132- Ch # 1
pertaining to rights of people. The Muslims have been
urged that they should consider all their physical and
intellectual capabilities as a trust from Allah Almighty.
They should exercise these faculties keeping in mind that
they are accountable for their use and misuse before Allah
Almighty. In view of this definition of honesty it is
impossible for a Muslim to be dishonest.
2. FULFILLLMENT OF PROMISES

In human relationship Fulfilllment of promise is of

great significance. Most of our dealings are conducted on
the basis of promises. If promises are kept all matters are
disposed of smoothly. If promises are broken all matters
are spoiled.
Meaning:
Promise means to make a commitment or to make a
prediction about; tell in advance
Definition:
It is verbal or non verbal commitment by one person
to another agreeing to do (or not to do) in future.
Fulfilllment of Promises in the light of The Holy Qura'n:
Therefore, Islam emphasizes the fulfilllment of
promises. Following are some quotations from the Holy
Qur'an:
1. Sign of a Faithful:
To fulfilll the promise is the sign of a faithful as
Allah Almighty says:

Those who faithfully observe their trust and their covenants

2. Duty of a Faithful:
To fulfilll the promise is the duty of a faithful as
Allah Almighty says:
Islamiat Inter -133- Ch # 1

O ye who believe! fulfilll (all) obligations.

In the Verse of Virtue, it is clearly commanded as a
part of real Virtue:

And to fulfilll the contracts which ye have made

3. Enquiry on the Day of Judgment:
One shall be answerable about one's promises on the
Day of Judgment as Allah Almighty says in the Holy
Quran:

For every Engagement will be enquired into (On the Day of

Reckoning)
4. Faith is also a Promise:
Among the promises made by man, the greatest
pledge is his submission before Allah Almighty as his
creator since the day of creation. In the Holy Quran, man
has been reminded thus:

And fulfilll the covenant of Allah. Thus doth He command

you, that ye may remember.
In another place it has been emphasized that mutual
pacts and collective relations may be upheld and honoured
thus:
Islamiat Inter -134- Ch # 1
Those who fulfilll the covenant of Allah and turn not after
entering into a covenant. And those who join what Allah has
commanded to join
Fulfilllment of Promises in the light of Hadith:
1. Necessary for Faith:
It has been narrated by Hazrat Ans that the Holy
Prophet often said in his addresses;

A person who does not keep a promise is without Din

2. The symbol of a Hypocrite:
Once the Holy Prophet pointed out three
characteristics of hypocrites to identify him:
 When he speaks he tells lies.
 When he makes a promise, he never keeps it.
 When he is given a trust he misappropriates it.
USWA-E-HASANAH :
The Holy Prophet always remained true to his
word under the most difficult circumstances.
The Treaty of Hudaibiya:
When on the occasion of Sulah Hudaibiya Hazrat
Abu Jandal appeared in chains before the Holy Prophet
and showed the signs of torture on his body inflicted
by Makkans, and requested the Holy Prophet that he
might be take to Madina, the Holy refused because it was a
violation of the terms of Hudaibiya pact. The companions
of the Holy Prophet were in a state of unrest when they
saw the pitiable condition of Hazrat Abu Jandal but they
remained patient in honour of the Hudaibiya pact.
EFFECTS:
Islamiat Inter -135- Ch # 1
 Love and Respect
 Social Co-operation
 Economic Progress
 Unity
 Blessings of Allah Almighty
 Prosperity
 Social Peace
All the matters regarding business dealings and
discharge of mutual rights are part of Fulfilllment of
promises. It is therefore, a part of our faith that we should
keep and uphold our pacts and promises.
3. Truth
Truth is a universal fact which cannot be denied.
Without truth, we cannot remain in peace.
Meaning and Definition:
The Arabic word Sidq means to tell the truth
and to be straightforward in Talk.
Types:
Sidq can be catagorized in three types:
i. Truth in Talk
ii. Truth in Action
iii. Truth in Thoughts
In The Light of Qur'an:
1. In the Holy Quran Allah Almighty has declared His
truthfulness, thus:

And whose word can be truer than Allah!

2. Allah Almighty has commanded the faithful to be
truthful:
Islamiat Inter -136- Ch # 1
O ye who believe! fear Allah and be with those who are true
(in word and deed).
3. The truth is the Sign of Piety:

And he who brings the truth and He who confirms (and

supports) it - such are the men who do right.
In The Light of Hadith:
1. The Holy Prophet has described this matter
comprehensively.

Truth saves man from all peril and lying kills him
2. Once the Holy Prophet pointed out three
characteristics of a hypocrites to identify him:
 When he speaks he tells lies.
 When he makes a promise, he never keeps it.
 When he is given a trust he misappropriates it.
3. Once the Holy Prophet was asked as to which
action took us to paradise. He replied that speaking
the truth is a good act which enforces our faith and
this enforcement of faith guarantees our entry to
paradise.
In the Holy Quran, the quality of truthfulness of all
the Prophet has been highlighted. The source of all truth is
Allah Almighty.
All the Prophets derived truth from Allah Almighty
and spread it all over the world. A person who denies truth
follows falsehood and lies all his life and is ultimately
destroyed. In the Holy Quran, truth not only means truth
in speech but also includes the truth in ones action and
thought. A person is true who not only speaks truth but
also acts and thinks truthfully.
4. Justice
Islamiat Inter -137- Ch # 1
Adl is an Arabic word meaning 'justice'.
In Islamic theology, it is defined as, “Put something on its
right place” while Insa’af means even distribution.
Justice demands that every person should get his rightful
dues. In a system based on justice all the social matters are
dealt with smoothly but injustice paralyses every part of
society. Before the advent of the Holy Prophet there
was absolutely no concept of justice. The powerful and
mighty considered the pursuit of persecution as their right
and the weak had to suffer it as their fate. Due to
introduction of Islam, this chapter of persecution and
tyranny was closed and a high standard of justice was
established in the world which eliminated all distinctions
based on colour, race, nation, and country. The barrier of
hatred between different classes and groups of mankind
was demolished by Islam and all human beings became
equal to one another.
Teachings of the Holy Qur’an:
Islam as a religion called for an equality among all
mankind without any distinction in accordance with the
demand of justice. Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran:
.1

O Ye who believe! Stand out firmly for Allah, as witnesses to

fair dealing, and let not the hatred of others to you make you
swerve to wrong and depart from justice. Be just; that is next
to piety‫۔‬
.2
Islamiat Inter -138- Ch # 1

And be fair: for Allah loves those who are fair (and just).
The concept of justice in Islam gives no importance
to high position or office. The sayings of the Holy Prophet
uttered in response to the recommendations of certain
people to let off a woman named Fatima of Qabila Banni
Makhzum who had committed theft, highlights the Islamic
Concept of Justice. The Holy Prophet said, “The
nations before your time were ruined because they punished
the weak and let off the powerful. By Allah! If Fatima
daughter of Muhammad had committed theft I would
have cut off her hands.”
The main characteristic of an Islamic Government
has always been to administer justice without any fear or
favour. In fact the real object of an Islamic Government is
the establishment of a system of justice.
As such the Holy Prophet has declared a just ruler as
the shadow of Allah.
5. Respect for Law
As the system of universe is bound by certain natural
laws, similarly the establishment and existence of human
society is based on social, moral, and religious laws and
orders. Every body realizes the need for law and its
observance but very few people fully abide by the law in letter
and spirit. In the present day, world individuals as well as
nations are unwilling to follow the laws and rules in the
conduct of public and private affairs. This tendency for
lawlessness has destroyed peace and harmony in the world.
Causes of Violation of Law:
The question arises as to why man violates law although
he realizes its usefulness. There are two important causes of
this attitude:
Islamiat Inter -139- Ch # 1
i. Selfishness
ii. Considering oneself above law
Islam has eradicated these causes and has made
Muslims strict followers of law. On the one side, Islam
teaches them submission to Allah Almighty and inculcates
in them a spirit of sacrifice and generosity. On the other
side, Islam makes them conscious of accountability in the
world hereafter. It has been made clear that even if a
person escapes from law due to influence or fraud he will
not be able to escape from the judgement of Allah
Almighty. This sense of accountability compels people in
Islamic society to appear before the courts of law to get
punishment for their misdeeds in this world so that they
may not suffer from torture in the world hereafter.
To create a true spirit of respect for law among the
people it is necessary that the ruling class should uphold
law and should not use their influence to escape from law.
In the world of today every body talks of equality before
law but in practice all the constitutions equality before law
but in practice al the constitutions in the world provide
special privileges to the ruling class.
Islamic History:
In Islamic history, it is narrated that once the zarha
(Armour) of Hazrat Ali (R.A) was lost which was later on
recovered from a Jew. Although Hazrat Ali was caliph, yet he
took this case to court of a Qazi. The Qazi refused to accept
the evidence of his son and slave because of their close
relationship with him. As a result, he withdrew his claim. The
Jew was so impressed by this example of respect for law that
he embraced Islam.
6. Earning of Rightful Livelihood

Lawful earning is a binding duty of every Muslim.

Lawful earning means earning in the right ways told by the
Islamiat Inter -140- Ch # 1

Prophet of Allah Almighty. Livelihood earned through

right ways not only brings prosperity but also causes the
social peace.
About the earning of rightful livelihood Allah
Almighty says in the Holy Quran:

O ye Messengers! Enjoy (All) things good and pure, and

work righteousness

O ye people! Eat of what is on earth, lawful and good;

O ye who believe! Eat of the good things that we have

provided for you
In Islam, earning of livelihood has been accorded
great importance with reference to prayers and mutual
dealings. A prayer is not acceptable in the eyes of Allah
Almighty if the worshipper does not earn his livelihood by
fair means Allah Almighty says:

And do not eat up your property among yourselves for

vanities.
Different Malpractices:
A Society is doomed where evils like dishonesty,
injustice, corruption, theft, robbery, hoarding, fraud, and
lottery are rampant. Islam teaches us to avoid all these
unfair means to earn livelihood. The people indulging in
these malpractices will go to hell.
Hadiths about Lawful Earning:
1. The Holy Prophet says:
Islamiat Inter -141- Ch # 1
“A person fed on Haram sources of income should go to
hell.”
2. A person earning a rightful livelihood is beloved of Allah
Almighty:

A person who believes in Allah Almighty and the

Day of Judgment will never resort to unfair means and will
never give up fair means. Only that person would adopt
Haram means who suffers from an evil misunderstanding
that he could earn more than his share fixed by Allah
Almighty.
How to Avoid:
To avoid malpractices it is necessary that instead of
hankering after a high standard of life we should exercise
simplicity austerity, moderation and contentment.
7. Sacrifice
Love of the world makes man selfish and love of Allah
Almighty creates a sense of sacrifice. When a man suffers
hardship to make the life of fellow human beings comfortable
he is blessed by Allah Almighty in this world and world
hereafter.
USWA-E-HASANAH:
In addition to other qualities, the Holy Prophet
was an embodiment of sacrifice and generosity. Although
he was the head of the state, yet he led a life of extreme
poverty and hardship. For weeks, no food was cooked in his
house but no needy person was turned out unattended. If
he did not possess any thing, he borrowed to fulfilll the
need of a person. Once he slaughtered an animal and sent
its meat home for distribution. After sometime, he came
and asked how much mean has been distributed and how
much was left. He was told that good meat had been
distributed and bad kind of meat was left. The Holy
Islamiat Inter -142- Ch # 1

Prophet declared that the meat distributed was really

left and the undistributed portion was actually destroyed.
Sacrifice of The Sahaba:
The companions of the Holy Prophet were also
inspired by a sense of sacrifice and always preferred the
needs of others to their own needs.
1. Once the Muslims were urged to contribute in cash
and kind to raise an army against the Romans. Hazrat Abu
Bakkar Siddique brought all his house hold belongings for
the purpose. Once Hazrat Usman purchased food grain
paying manifold profit and distributed it free of cost during
famine.
2. A moving incident about the sense of sacrifice of the
companions of the Holy Prophet is often quoted. Once
a hungry and thirsty person appeared before the Holy
Prophet . The Holy Prophet could not offer him
anything but water. As usual, an Ansari companion took
that person to his house. There he found that the available
food was sufficient only for the children. The companion
advised his wife who made the children sleep without the
food. He further advised his wife to put off the lamp at the
time of serving the food so that the guest may not know that
they were not sharing the food. It was done accordingly.
The guest ate to his heart's content and the whole family of
the Ansari companion remained hungry. In the morning
when this companion appeared before the Holy Prophet
he conveyed him the blessing of Allah Almighty for his
act of sacrifice. Allah Almighty praises such sacrificing
people in the following words:

But give them preference over themselves, even though

poverty was their (own lot)
Sacrifice at the Time of Migration:
Islamiat Inter -143- Ch # 1
At the time of migration of Madina, the Ansar of
Madina made great sacrifice for the refugees migrating
from Makkah. Their sacrifices are unprecedented in the
history of the world.

B. BASE MORAL
Good morals make man successful and happy in this
world as well as in the world hereafter. Similarly, there are
certain bad and base morals which turn man into an
animal and he is deprived of the blessing of Allah Almighty
in the world hereafter. The Muslims are expected to adopt
good morals and avoid base morals which damage the
character and personality of man. Some of the base morals
are described as under:
1. Lie
Lying in itself in an evil but it causes many other
moral evils also. Lying has been very strongly condemned
in Islam.
Condemnation of Lie
A. In the Holy Qur’an:
1. Order to avoid Lie:

And shun the word that is false

2. Curse of Allah Almighty:
A liar deserves the curse of Allah Almighty:

The curse of Allah on those who lie

3. A Lier is not guided:
Allah Almighty does not bless the lier with guidance.

But Allah guides not such as are false and ungrateful

Islamiat Inter -144- Ch # 1
Teachings of Hadith:
1. Once the Holy Prophet was asked as to which
action took us to paradise. He replied that speaking
the truth is a good act which enforces our faith and
this enforcement of faith guarantees our entry to
paradise. The Holy Prophet was further asked
as to which carries us to hell. He replied when a
person lie committed sin. This sin would lead him to
Kufr (loss faith), and he would go to hell.
2. Lie is on of the signs of a hypocrite.
3. The truth saves the human beings from every
trouble and the falsehood results into their
destruction.

Different Forms of Lie:

Lying does not mean merely telling of lies. Many
other undesirable acts are also treated as lies, e.g. to
capture goods belonging to other person by unfair means,
giving short measures, taking bride and exercising
hypocrisy etc. The Holy Prophet has also declared
ostentation as a kind of lying. Lying puts an end to mutual
trust and confidence and makes social life very
complicated. The Muslims should avoid all kinds of lying.
2. Backbiting
Among social evils, backbiting is the worst but
unfortunately, it is very common in our society. Only a few
people are free from this evil. Allah Almighty calls upon the
Muslims to avoid this evil;
Islamiat Inter -145- Ch # 1
Nor speak ill of each other behind their backs. Would any of
you like to eat the flesh of his dead brother? Nay ye would
abhor it.
Backbiting has been compared to the eating of the
flesh of one's dead brother. As a matter of fact the victim of
backbiting cannot defend himself. Back biting promotes
mutual hatred and enmity. A backbiter considers himself
free from all evils and the victim who is exposed through
back biting becomes obstinate. In short back biting
destroys socials peace and harmony. In a tradition the Holy
Prophet , describing the experience of Meraj Sharif,
told that he saw a group of people who had nails of copper
and who were scratching their faces and chests with these
nails. When the Holy Prophet asked the Jabrael about
these people he replied that these people ate the flesh of
fellow human beings and degraded them (i.e., they were
indulging in back biting).
Allowed Cases of Backbiting:
In Islamic Shariah, backbiting has been allowed in
two cases only, first, to convey the petition of an oppressed
against the tyrant and, second to inform the people of the
cheating of a fraudulent person. Certain scholars have
included mimicry and degrading gestures in back biting.
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BACKBITING AND
SLANDER:
It is necessary to differentiate between backbiting and
slander. Backbiting means to speak ill of a person in his
absence. In this case only those short comings are mentioned
which actually exist. Slander means to ascribe an evil to a
man which is not there, his character and in this way his
personality is tarnished.
3. HYPOCRISY
Meaning:
Islamiat Inter -146- Ch # 1
Hypocrisy means a feigning to be what one is not or
to believe what one does not; especially: the false
assumption of an appearance of virtue or religion. And a
person is hypocrite when a person who pretends to have
virtues, moral or religious beliefs, principles, etc., that he or
she does not actually possess, especially a person whose
actions belie stated beliefs.
Two Kinds of Hypocrites:
The scholars have described two kinds of hypocrites.
Aiteqadi Hypocrites:
First are those who are not convinced of the
truthfulness of Islam. They try to damage both the Muslims
and Islam out of mischief or expediency. These are called
Aiteqadi hypocrites.
Practical Hypocrites:
Second kind of hypocrites is those who sincerely
believe in Islam but do not know its teaching practically due
to laziness or indifference. These are called practical
hypocrites.
The first kind of hypocrites are worse than non
believers whereas the hypocrites of the second kind are
faithful but they need preaching and training for their
proper orientation. They need the guidance of scholars or
saints to put them on the right path.
The most dangerous trick of the hypocrites:
The most dangerous trick of the hypocrites against
the Muslims is that they create a rift among the Muslims in
the name of religion. For this purpose, they constructed
Masjid-e-Zarar opposite to Masjid-e-Nabvi in Madina.
However, the Holy Prophet got this mosque
demolished under the orders of Allah Almighty and foiled
the conspiracy of the hypocrites Allah Almighty says;
Islamiat Inter -147- Ch # 1
O Prophet Strive hard against the unbelievers and the
hypocrites, and be firm against them. Their abode is Hell.
Signs of Hypocrites:
Once the Holy Prophet pointed out three
characteristics of a hypocrite to identify him:
 When he speaks he tells lies.
 When he makes a promise, he never keeps it.
 When he is given a trust he misappropriates it.
A person who has these characteristics is a hypocrite
even if he offers prayers and keeps fasts. According to the
Holy Quran the hypocrites would be consigned to the
lowest and the most painful part of the hell.

The Hypocrites will be in the lowest depths of the Fire

4. PRIDE
Meaning:
Pride means to give oneself a false sense of superiority
and supremacy. Or an excessively high opinion of oneself;
conceit.
First one to be Proud:
It is revealed in the Holy Quran that Satan took
pride first of all and declared that he was superior to
Hazrat Adam. He therefore, refused to bow before Hazrat
Adam. In reply Allah Almighty said, thus:

(Allah) said "Get thee down from this; it is not for thee to be
arrogant here; get out, for thou art of the meanest (of
creatures)"
And the Qur’an also says:
Islamiat Inter -148- Ch # 1
For Allah loveth not the arrogant, the vainglorious;
Ever since then pride has always a fall. And according
to Allah Almighty the proud would be sent to hell.

Is there not in Hell an abode for the Haughty?

Hadith:
The Holy Prophet has condemned pride. He
said, “A person having a mite of pride will never enter
paradise”.
A proud and arrogant person looks down upon
fellow human beings and persecutes them and never thinks
that he could be punished for his sins. Therefore, he lacks
tolerance, sense of sacrifice and fraternity and many other
good qualities.
5. JEALOUSY
Meaning and Definition:
“Jealosy means resentment against a rival, a person
enjoying success or advantage.”
It is one of the demands of humanity that we should
feel happy to see a fellow human being prosperous and
blessed by Allah Almighty. However, jealousy does not
allow us to see another person peaceful and prosperous. A
jealous person keeps a grudge and remains uneasy and
disturbed at the favourable circumstances, of a fellow
human being. This feeling damages a jealous person and
has no effect on the other one. Jealousy is a moral evil
which creates many other evils in man. A jealous person
can not tolerate the happiness of the others and cuts himself
off from his nears and dears. A jealous person is never
contented and he always feels sorry for his low status as
compared to others. He has no time for self improvement
and uses all his talent and energy to degrade others. A
jealous person burns himself in a fire of his own making.
Islam calls upon its followers to treat others with love and
kindness but a jealous person has nothing but hatred and
Islamiat Inter -149- Ch # 1
frustration for others. He wants that people should remain
degraded and defamed instead of enjoying respect and
prosperity in society. But in the long run he suffers from
defame and degradation in society. To avoid this Holy
Prophet has urged the Muslim to avoid jealousy.

Look! Avoid jealousy because jealousy devours your good

deeds as fire burns dry wood
If a man wishes to avoid jealousy he should take a
lesson from the historical examples of our elders. He should
keep in view the evils created due to wealth and power.

Islamiat Inter -150- Ch # 1

SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Define Pillars of Islam.
Ans: Those basic actions on which Islam is based are
called pillars of Islam.
2. What is meant by SHAHADATAIN?
Ans: It means two witnesses: the witness of Tauheed and
the witness of Risalat.
3. Mention number and names of the Pillars of Islam.
Ans: There are five pillars of Islam:
1. Shahadat 2. Salat 3. Saum

4. Zakat 5. Hajj
4. What are literal meanings of SALAT?
Ans: It means blessing, prayer, forgiveness
5. Write the names of the three decades of
RAMADHAN?
Ans: First: Blessing
Second: Forgiveness
Third: Liberty from the fire of Hell
6. What is Silla-e-Rehmi?
Ans: It means to maintain relations and to keep it.
7. Define piety.
Ans: It is a state of mind that inspires a man to do good
and avoid sins.
8. Define Backbiting.
Ans: Backbiting is to tell one’s bad habit in his absence.
9. Write translation of a Hadith about Jealousy.
Ans: Avoid jealousy because jealousy devours your good
deeds as fire burns dry wood.
10. What are hollow prayers?
Islamiat Inter -151- Ch # 1
Ans: One’s prayer is called hollow prayer when the
performer is to be unaware of the meaning of Salat
and has no presence of heart.
11. Write all the legitimate heads of ZAKAT.
Ans: These are following:
The Destitute
The Needy
Zakat Collectors
New Muslims
Slaves and Prisoners
The Indigent
In The Way Of Allah
Travelers
12. What is meant by MEEQAT?
Ans: The place wherefrom wearing of Ihram is necessary
for a pilgrim is called Meeqat.
13. What is the difference between War and Jihad?
Ans: War is for worldly purposes while Jihad is for Allah.
14. What are JAHRI Prayers?
Ans: The prayer in which Imam recites aloud is called
Jahri Prayer.
15. What is TAlbeeh?
Ans: To say is called Talbeeh.
16. What are the two types of Jihad Bil Saif?
Ans: There are two types: Jihad for reformation and
Jihad for Defence
17. What is Haq Mahr (alimony)?
Ans: The amount of money fixed to be paid by the
husband to wife at the time of Nikah is called Haq
Mahr (alimony)
18. What are three signs of hypocrites?
Ans: Three signs of a hypocrite are:
Islamiat Inter -152- Ch # 1
When he speaks, he tells lies
He never keeps his promise
Misappropriates the trust
19. What is meant by Nisab e Zakat?
Ans: The particular amount of wealth which is liable for
Zakat is called Nisab e Zakat.
20. What is Hajj-e-Mabrur?
Ans: The Hajj which is accepted by Allah Almighty is
called Hajj-e-Mabrur.
21. Write down translation of a Qur’anic Verse about
the importance of Jihad.
Ans: Surely Allah loves those who fight in his way in
ranks as if they were a firm and compact wall.
22. What is meant by Jiziyah?
Ans: Jiziyah is the tax which a non-muslim pays to the
Islamic State.
23. What is meant by Akhlaq e Hasanah?
Ans: Good Morals are called Akhlaq e Hasanah.
24. Which companion presented the whole goods of
house for the battle of Tabuk?
Ans: Hazrat Abou Bakr (R.A)
25. What is meant by Khaffi (Silent) prayers?
Ans: The Salat in which Imam does not recite aloud is
called Khaffi prayer.
26. Write down the meaning and definition of Zakat.
Ans: Literally Zakat means to purge, to grow and in
terms the monitory worship that is binding upon
every well to do citizen for a specific amount of
wealth after a period of one year.
27. What amount of silver is liable for Zakat?
Ans: 52 and half Tolas of Silver are liable for Zakat.
28. Which companion bought wheat and distributed it
free at the time of famine.
Islamiat Inter -153- Ch # 1
Ans: Hazrat Usman (R.A)
29. Which mosque did the hypocrite construct against
Masjid-e-Nabvi?
Ans: Masjid-e-Zarar
30. How many types of neighbours are mentioned in
Qur’an?
Ans: i. Relative neighbours
ii. Non-relative neighbours
iii. Temporary mates
31. What is the difference between Zakat and Tax?
Ans: Zakat is economic worship while tax is
administrative. Ratio and limit of Zakat is fixed by
Allah Almighty while not in Tax.
32. Write down the meanings and definition of Hajj.
Ans: Hajj means to intend and in terms from 8th Zil Hajj
to 13th ZilHajj pilgrimage of Ka’aba.
33. What is the major ritual of Hajj?
Ans: Major ritual of Hajj is stay in Arafat.
34. What is Rami e Jamrat?
Ans: Rami is throwing stones at Jamrat at Mina.
35. Write two rights of children.
Ans: i. Fosterage ii. Education and Training
36. Who showed pride for the first time among
creatures?
Ans: Iblis was the first of the creatures who commited
pride.
37. Write down any two benefits of Fasting.
Ans: i. Self-control ii. Purgation of sins iii. Health
38. Write down any Qur’anic Verse about rights of
parents.
Ans: And be kind to parents.
39. What is Qasr Prayer and who performs this?
Ans: The prayer offered during journey is called Qasr
Prayer. It is decreased by half.
Islamiat Inter -154- Ch # 1
40. When the treaty of Hudabiya was signed and
between whom?
Ans: The treaty of Hudabiya was signed in 6 A.H between
Makkans and Muslims.
41. What is Salat al Kasuf?
Ans: The prayer which is offered at the time of solar
eclipse is called Salat al Kasuf.
42. What is the significance of Shab e Qadr?
Ans: The worship during the night of Qadr is equal to the
worship of thousand months.
43. What are Halq and Qasr?
Ans: Halq is head shave and Qasr is haircut during Hajj.
44. Write down the name of the caliph whose armor was
lost?
Ans: Armor of Hazrat Ali (A.H) was lost.
45. Write down the translation of a Hadith about
keeping Promise.
Ans: Fulfilll your promise for every promise will be
inquired into (on the Day of Judgment).
46. Which caliph fought against non-payers of Zakat?
Ans: Hazrat Abou Bakr Siddique fought against the Non-
payers of Zakat.
47. What is Hujat ul Widaa?
Ans: The Holy Prophet’s (PBUH) last Hajj was Hujat ul
Wida.
48. What is fosterage and whose duty is this?
Ans: It is to feed newly born baby on breast milk and it is
the duty of mother.
49. Write down two rights of non-Muslims.
Ans: Religious freedom, right of safety of life and wealth
50. Write translation of a verse about Lawful earnings.
Ans: O people! Eat of what is on earth lawful and good.
Islamiat Inter -155- Ch # 1
51. Write down any three rights of neighbours.
Ans: i. Good treatment ii. Exchange of gifts
iii. Right of pre-emption
52. Write down the translation of any Qur’anic Verse
about killing of offspring.
Ans: And kill not your children for the fear of want.
53. Define Kasuf prayer.
Ans: The prayer offered at the time of Lunar eclipse is
called Kasuf prayer.
54. What is the nisab e Zakat on agriculture
production?
Ans: 10% of the product of arid land and 5% of the
product of irrigated land is paid as Zakat on
agricultural production.
55. Define Istelaam.
Ans: To kiss Hajre Aswad during Tawaf is called
Istelaam.
56. Define Jihad Bil Nafs.
Ans: It is to stop one’s innerself from bad deeds.
57. What is the difference between backbiting and
Slander (accusation)?
Ans: Backbiting is to speak ill of a person in his absence
and accusation is false blame.
58. Write down two types of hypocrites.
Ans: i. Aiteqadi Munafiq (Hypocrite in faith)
ii. Amli Munafiq (hypocrite in actions)
59. Define Aiteqadi Munafiq.
Ans: One who had not accepted Islam by Heart and is
only Muslim apparently is called Aiteqadi Munafiq.
60. What is the difference between Ihram of Male and
female?
Islamiat Inter -156- Ch # 1
Ans: Ihram of males is to unsewn cloth sheets while for
female it is sewn.
61. Define Ayyam e Tashriq.
Ans: 11, 12 and 13 ZilHajj are Ayyam e Tashriq.
62. Write down translation of a Hadith in condemnation
of divorce.
Ans: The most unliked of lawful things by Allah Almighty
is divorce.
63. What is the difference between Jihad and Qital?
Ans: Jihad has vast meanings; every endeavor for the
glory of Islam is called Jihad while Qital is Jihad by
sword.
64. Define SAEE and whose Sunnah is this?
Ans: To go between Safa and Marwa seven times is called
SAEE and it is the Sunnah of Hazrat Hajra.
65. Write down the words used in the Holy Qur’an for
Zakat.
Ans: The word used for Zakat in the Holy Qur’an are,
Sadqa, defined right and Zakat.
66. On which times offering of Prayers is prohibited?
Ans: At the sunrise, at noon and at the sunset offering of
prayer is prohibited.
67. Which two eyes will not be touched by the fire of
Hell?
Ans: The eye that weeps for the fear of Allah Almighty
and the eye that is on the guards in the battlefields
of Jihad will not be touched by the fire of hell.
68. Write down four bad morals.
Ans: i. Lie ii. Jealousy iii. Backbiting
iv. Hypocrisy v. Pride
69. In the Holy Qur’an who are called garments of each
other.
Islamiat Inter -157- Ch # 1
Ans: Husband and wife are called garments of each other
in the Holy Qur’an.
70. What is the promise of Alast?
Ans: The promise made by souls with Allah Almighty
regarding his worship is called the promise of Alast.
71. Write down the translation of a Qur’anic verse in
Condemnation of unlawful earning.
Ans: And do not eat one another’s possessions unlawfully.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. The building of Islam is on:
(A) 5 pillars (B) 4 pillars
(C) 7 pillars (D) 3Pillers
2. Qatae Rehmi means:
(A) Making a relation (B) breaking a
relation
(C) Extending a relation (D) to be harsh
3. He is not a faithful Muslim:
(A) Coward (B) Lier
(C) Miser (D) Weak
4. Sermon of Hajj is delivered in:
(A) Arafat (B) Mina
(C) Muzdalfa (D) Madina
5. Meaning of the word Hatab is:
(A) Stone (B) Iron
(C) Tree (D) Wood
6. The leader of hypocrites was:
(A) Abu Jahl (B) Abu Lahb
(C) Marhab
(D) Abdullah Bin Ubae
7. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) used to fast on:
(A) Monday & Tuesday
Islamiat Inter -158- Ch # 1
(B) Friday and Saturday
(C) Wednesday & Thursday
(D) Monday & Thursday
8. Hajre Aswad means:
(A) Beautiful stone (B) The Black stone
(C) Stone of Paradise (D) White Stone
9. The civil suit of Hazrat Ali R.A was presented in the
court of:
(A) Qazi Shureh (B) Qazi Abu Yusuf
(C) Hazrat Muaaz (D) Hazrat
Sa’ad
10. Salat e Qasr is:
(A) Long Prayer (B) Brief Prayer
(C) Prayer in Hurry
(D) Prayer offered most
11. The word Qantra means:
(A) Camel (B) Gold
(C) Silver (D) Treasure
12. The true purpose of Jehad is:
(A) To kill enemies
(B) Glory of divine religion
(C) To fight a war (D) to be
superior
13. Lawful earning is:
(A) Leave unlawful (B) Less eating
(C) To earn lawful (D) to eat
lawful
14. Salat ul Istisqa is offered at the time of:
(A) Lunar eclipse (B) Solar eclipse
(C) On Friday (D) For Rain
15. Tawaf means:
(A) To perform Hajj (B) To perform
Umra
Islamiat Inter -159- Ch # 1
(C) To go round (D) To sacrifice
16. Masjid Zarar was constructed by:
(A) Non-believers (B) Hypocrities
(C) Christians (D) Muslims
17. Meanings of FIZZAH are:
(A) Iron (B) Stone
(C) Gold (D) Silver
18. Sacrifice is the Sunnah of:
(A) Hazrat Ismael AS (B) Hazrat Adam AS
(C) Hazrat Ibrahim AS (D) Hazrat Fatima
RA
19. Meanings of the word Mutammedan ً are:
(A) With belief (B) knowingly
(C) Forgetting (D) With Kindness
20. Yom ul Arfa is:
(A) on 10 Moharram (B) on 9 Moharram
(C) on 10 Zul Hajj (D) on 9 of
Zul Hajj
21. Zakat cannot be given to:
(A) Neighbours (B) Parents
(C) Enemies (D) Friends
22. Walidat means:
(A) Women (B) Children
(C) Mothers (D) Girls
23. The term GHARMIN means:
(A) People of Cave (B) People in debt
(C) Wealthy (D) Begger
24. Paradise is in the shadow of:
(A) Clouds (B) Spears
(C) Swords (D) Trees
25. AlZoor means:
(A) Lie (B) Truth
Islamiat Inter -160- Ch # 1
(C) Honesty (D) Dishonesty
26. The reward of congregational prayer is:
(A) 28 times (B) 27 times
(C) 50 times (D) 000 times
27. The Prophet (PBUH) offered Hajj:
(A) 4 (B) 8
(C) 1 (D) 10
28. The Basic Unit of Society is:
(A) Home (B) Masjid
(C) School (D) Alma
29. The telling a lie is lawful when it is told for:
(A) A joke (B) recreation
(C) Reformation (D) Children
30. Salat is:
(A) Basic belief (B) Basic pillar
(C) Bridge of Sarat (D) Door of paradise
31. Hajj is binding upon:
(A) Men (B) Well to do
(C) Women (D) Children
32. Meaning of Zojen is:
(A) Girl and boy
(B) Slave and slave girl
(C) Wife and Husband
(D) Employee and employer
33. Hajj is performed in:
(A) Makkah (B) Mina
(C) Safa and Marwa (D) Arafat
34. Shahadaten means:
(A) Oneness & Prophethood
(B) Prayer and Fasting
Islamiat Inter -161- Ch # 1
(C) Hajj & Zakat (D) Jihad & Qital
35. The word Salat means:
(A) To prostrate (B) Zikrullah
(C) To show humbleness
(D) To pray and Istighfar
36. Purpose of Fasting is:
(A) To remain Hungry & Thirsty
(B) Character building
(C) To attain Piety (D) Saving
37. Literal meanings of Ushr are:
(A) 5th Part (B) 20th Part

(C) 4th Part (D) 10th Part

38. Legitimate heads of Zakat are:
(A) 4 (B) 8
(C) 12 (D) 10
39. The word SAEE means:
(A) Run in Mina
(B) To go round Ka’aba
(C) To go between Safa & Marwa
(D) To sacrifice
40. Hajj became a binding duty in:
(A) 9 AH (B) 5 AH
(C) 10 AH (D) 2 AH
41. The term Aameleen means:
(A) Slaves (B) Zakat Collectors
(C) Scholars (D) Labourers
42. Signs of Hypocrities are:
(A) 3 (B) 7
(C) 6 (D) 2
Islamiat Inter -162- Ch # 1
43. The word Saum ‫ صوم‬means:
(A) To stop (B) To start
(C) To run (D) To sit

ANSWERS
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A
5. D 6. D 7. D 8. B
9. A 10. B 11. D 12. B
13. C 14. D 15. C 16. B
17. D 18. C 19. B 20. D
21. B 22. C 23. B 24. C
25. A 26. B 27. C 28. A
29. C 30. B 31. B 32. C
33. D 34. A 35. D 36. C
37. D 38. B 39. C 40. A
41. B 42. A 43. A
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. What are organs of Islam? What is the role of
Namaz in character building and social life?
2. What are the objective of fasting and what are its
effects on practical life?
3. "Zakat is basic to the economic system of Islam"
discuss and elaborate.
4. What is the philosophy of Hajj? What are its
individual and collective benefits?
5. What is meant by Islamic Jehad? Describe its kinds
and benefits.
6. What are the rights and duties of the offspring in
the light of Quran and Sunnah?
Islamiat Inter -163- Ch # 1
7. Describe the status of woman in society according to
Islam. What are her rights and duties?
8. Write short notes on the rights and duties of the
followings:
Relatives; neighbours; teachers; non-muslims; and
fellow travellers
9. What are the conditions for the formation of an
Islamic society?
10. What are the base morals? Describe five base
morals which adversely affect society?
11. What are moral values? Describe five moral values
which can reform the society.
12. Describe the significance of rightful livelihood.


Islamiat Inter -164- Ch # 1

CHAPTER 3
Islamiat Inter -165- Ch # 1

USWAH OF THE HOLY PROPHET

Hazrat Muhammad is the only messenger and
man in history whose entire life is recorded. All his sayings,
the details of his conduct and character have been
preserved so that the following generations could learn and
get inspiration from his example as he is an ideal and
excellent example for mankind to follow in their daily life.
MEANING:
The word USWA means "PATTERN" or
"EXAMPLE" and the word HASANAH means
excellent .
DEFINITION:
The life of the Holy Prophet has been declared
as an excellent pattern for the entire mankind in the Holy
Qura'n:

Surely you have an excellent example for your guidance in

(the life of) the Messenger of Allah.
MERCY FOR ALL THE WORLDS
The life of the Holy Prophet is perfect and
comprehensive and can serve as an example for men and
women of all ages working in all professions and trades. He
not only preached but also practised what he
preached. He demonstrated love and mercy for all,
even towards his enemies. He was a symbol of love and
affection and a living model of mercy for mankind. He
was sent by Allah Almighty as mercy personified for all
living beings irrespective of creed, colour, race or status. As
it is declared in the Holy Qura'n:
Islamiat Inter -166- Ch # 1

We sent you not, but as a Mercy for all creatures

Following are some of the reflections of the
Prophet's mercy:
MERCY FOR UMMAH:
About Hazrat Muhammad Allah says in the
Holy Quran:

Now hath come unto you a Messenger from amongst

yourselves; it grieves him that ye should perish; ardently
anxious is he over you; to the Believers is he most kind and
merciful.
The Holy Prophet cleared the loans of the
indebted companions. He shortened his Namaz and
Khutba if necessary. Hazrat Aisha has said that
some times the Holy Prophet gave up a desirable act
so that it might not be made compulsory for the Muslims.
For example, he offered Namaz-e-Taravih in the
mosque only for three days and later on avoided this
practice not to make it compulsory for the Ummah. The
Holy Prophet was always considerate not to cause any
hardship to his followers in prayers and conduct of other
matters. For example, he said about MISWAK that
he had not instructed the Muslims to use MISWAK before
every prayers out of consideration for their hardship. Allah
and His creatures are witness to the fact that the Holy
Prophet has been extremely kind to the believers.
Islamiat Inter -167- Ch # 1

The Prophet taught others through his

personal example to be kind and merciful. A companion of
the Prophet reported him as saying:
"Allah will not show mercy to him who does not show mercy
to others."
MERCY ON THE NON-BELIEVERS:

The Holy Prophet is , a symbol of mercy

for all preople even non-believers, those who tried to
dishonour him and his religion. Ummahs of the previous
Prophets were subjected to Azab due to their disobedience
and sins. Sometimes the people of a nation were disfigured,
sometimes they were destroyed by storms and sometimes
their houses were overturned. However, the non-believers
of Makkah remained safe in this world from a great Azab
despite their defiance and disobedience due to the presence
of the Holy Prophet among them. Allah Almighty says:

But Allah was not going to send them a penalty whilst thou
wast amongst them
Once the companions of the Holy Prophet requested
Him to curse upon the non-believers, he replied that he was
not the one to curse but he was sent only as mercy.
"I was not sent on earth to curse; I was sent only as a
mercy"
Hazrat Tufail Ibn Amr Dusi was sent by the Holy
Prophet to preach Islam among the Dusi tribe. On his
return he declared the Dusi tribe was no more because they
had disobeyed and refused to embrace Islam. The people
thought that Hazrat Muhammad would curse the tribe
but he prayed for them.
Islamiat Inter -168- Ch # 1

(O Allah! Guide the Dusi tribe to embrace Islam)

During the battle of Uhad the teeth of the Holy
Prophet were injured and his face was covered with
blood. At the time of the conquest of Makkah the mercy
and forgiveness shown to the pagans is unparalleled.
KINDNESS TO WOMEN:
Before Islam women has no respect in society. They
were subjected to cruelty and torture. Hazrat Muhammad
granted them a place of respect and honour and
prescribed their rights and duties as mothers, daughters
and wives. The Holy Prophet declared:

(Paradise lies under the footsteps of mothers)

The people of Arabia used to kill their offspring and
buried their daughter alive on account of hunger and
poverty. The Holy Prophet abolished this wicked
custom and declared that daughters were a blessing for the
family. He provided a share in the inheritence to the
daughters.
CARETAKER OF THE ORPHANS:
Hazrat Muhammad was an embodiment of
mercy for the orphans and the poor. Before him there was
no body to look after the orphans and widows. The Holy
Prophet raised his fingers and declared the importance
of the looking after of orphans.

"The person who looks after the orphans will be in my

company in paradise"
Islamiat Inter -169- Ch # 1
Hazrat Asma bint Amees (wife of Jaafar
Tayyar ) narrates that the day the Hazrat Jaffar
was martyred in the battle of Mauta the Holy
Prophet came to the house and asked her to bring
Jaffar's children. When these children were presented to
the Holy Prophet he embraced them and wept. Hazrat
Asma asked the Holy Prophet if there was any
news about Hazrat Jaffar . The Holy Prophet
replied that he had been martyred that day.
BEING MASTER OF THE SLAVES:
The slaves were greatly persecuted in that age. The
Holy Prophet urged his followers to treat them with
kindness. He declared that slaves were the brothers of
their masters and Allah Almighty has placed slaves under
them. The Holy Prophet directed that the slaves should
be provided the same food and clothes which were used by
the masters and they should not be over burdened.
MERCY FOR THE CHILDREN:
Hazrat Muhammad treated the children very
kindly. When he came across children he greeted them
and showed them affection. He was especially fond of
children and used to get into the spirit of childish games in
their company. He would have fun with the children
who had come back from Abyssinia and tried to speak in
Abyssinian with them. It was his practice to give lifts on his
camel to children when he returned from journeys
(Bukhari, Sahih Bukhari, Vol. 2 pg.886). He would pick up
children in his arms, play with them, and kiss them. One
day he was expressing his love for Hassan Bin Ali;
Islamiat Inter -170- Ch # 1
Akra Bin Habis Tamimi was present there. He told the
Prophet that he had ten sons but he had never
expressed his love for them in such a way. The Holy
Prophet remarked that a person who did not have
mercy did not deserve mercy for himself.
Hazrat Ibne Abbas reported:
"He does not belong to us who does not show mercy
to our young ones and respect to our old ones."
KINDNESS TO ANIMALS:
The Prophet not only preached to the people to
show kindness to each other but also to all living souls. He
forbade the practice of cutting tails and manes of
horses, of branding animals at any soft spot, and of keeping
horses saddled unnecessarily (Muslim)
1) If He saw any animal over-loaded or ill-fed he
would call up the owner and say, "Fear Allah in your
treatment of animals." (Abu Dawud, Kitab Jihad).
2) A companion came to him with the young ones of a
bird in his sheet and said that the mother bird had
hovered over them all along. He was directed to replace
her offspring in the same bush (Mishkat, Abu Dawud)
3) "During a journey, somebody picked up eggs of some
bird. The bird's painful note and fluttering attracted
the attention of the Prophet , who asked the man to
replace the eggs" (Bukhari, Sahih
Bukhari).
4) As the Muslim army marched towards Makkah to
conquer it, they passed a female dog with puppies. The
Prophet not only gave orders that they should not
be disturbed, but posted a man to see that this was
done. He stated,
Islamiat Inter -171- Ch # 1
"Verily, there is heavenly reward for every act of kindness
done to a living animal."
The mercy of the Holy Prophet was not only
confined to the human beings he was a source of mercy
even for the beasts also. In short his love and mercy
for everyone was beyond measure.

FRATERNITY
One of the strongest links joining people together is
the relationship of brotherhood. People love and
sympathize with each other and share in the delights and
miseries of their fellow brethren. There is the possibility of
occasional differences between them, but soon it is changed
into love and affection through forgiveness. As Islam aims
at solidarity of society and strengthening human relations,
it has fostered this relationship and has declared that all
Muslims and believers are brothers to each other.
MEANING AND DEFINITION OF THE WORD
The word (AKHUWAT) is derived from the
Arabic word that means brother thus the word means
Brotherhood. In Islamic term it means "brotherhood of
Muslim Ummah i.e all the Muslims are one brotherhood".
BACKGROUND:
Before the advent of Islam, the Arab society suffered
from wars and quarrels. People were revengeful and blood
thirsty. Hazrat Muhammad taught them a lesson of
fraternity and affection and revolutionized the society
within a very short time. His moral conduct and character
influenced every one. People forgot their enmity, strangers
became friends and enemies became brothers. About this
transformation Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran:
Islamiat Inter -172- Ch # 1

And remember with gratitude Allah's favour on you, for ye

were enemies and He joined your hearts in love, so that by
His Grace, ye became brethren;
Of course, all this happened due to the great
blessing of Allah Almighty. This blessing was bestowed
upon human beings only due to the mercy of Allah
Almighty. This relationship could not be purchased
through wealth as Allah Almighty says:

And (moreover) He hath put affection between their hearts,

not if thou hadst spent all that is in the earth, couldst thou
have produced that affection, but Allah hath done it, for He is
Exalted, in might, Wise
ESTABLISHMENT OF ISLAMIC BROTHERHOOD
(MUWAKHAT)
Hazrat Muhammad established a relationship
of brotherhood between the Refugees of Makkah
and Ansar-e-Madina When he migrated from
Makkah to Madina. Every refugee became a brother of an
Ansar. In this way a solid relationship of brotherhood and
affection came into being which is unprecedented in the
history of the world. The Ansar made great sacrifices for
their refugee brothers and provided equal share to them
out of their houses, gardens, and fields. On the other hand
the refugees, out of their self-respect asked for the ways to
the market to earn their livelihood through trade or
manual work.
SAYINGS OF THE HOLY QURA'N:
1. Islamic brotherhood was a practical demonstration
of the following verse of the Holy Quran:
Islamiat Inter -173- Ch # 1

The believers are but a single Brotherhood

2. The Holy Qura'n teaches the Muslims to be one unit
by holding fast to the rope of Allah Almighty it is
said:

And hold fast, to the rope of Allah altogether, and do not be

divided.
SAYINGS OF THE HOLY PROPHET :
1. "The believer with respect to another believer is like
a building, one portion strengthening the other."
(Saheeh al-Bukhari and Saheeh
Muslim)
2. Every faithful is brother of the other faithful.
They are like a body; if a part of the body is painful,
he will feel the pain in his whole body. (Saheeh
Muslim)
3. No one amongst you can be a believer unless he
chooses the same thing for his brothers which he
likes for himself. (Saheeh al-
Bukhari)
EFFECTS:
1. Love and Respect
2. Cooperation
3. Social Welfare
4. Unity
5. Social Peace
6. Progress and Prosperity
EQUALITY
Equality means equal opportunity. Islam is
the torch-bearer of equality. According to Islam all the
human beings are equal. There is no difference among
Islamiat Inter -174- Ch # 1
human beings regarding colour, creed, wealth and
poverty. Hazrat Muhammad has taught us a unique
lesson of equality through his words and practice. Hazrat
Muhammad meted out equal treatment to the rich
and the poor, to the king and a beggar and to the master
and his slave. He eliminated the sense of superiority on
the basis of family and tribe. He did away with all
discrimination on account of colour and creed. According
to him Suleman Farsi, Bilal Habshi and Sohaib Roomi
were in no way inferior to the notes of Quraish.
Demonstration of Equality:
Mosque is a practical training ground for teaching
equality to the Muslims. Namaz is the best demonstration
of equality. The poor or the rich, and the great or the small
all offer their prayers in the mosque.
The Last Sermon and Equality:
In Islam, greatness lies in goodness and piety and
not in caste, tribe and family. Hazrat Muhammad has
stated this fact in the Khutba Hajja-tul-Widda in the
following words:

O People! Your Allah is one and all of you are the offspring
of Adam. Therefore an Arab is not superior to a Persian and
vice versa. The red has no precedence over the black and vice
versa, except in (degree of) their virtue.
Allah Almighty says in the Holy Qur'an:

"And made you into nations and Tribes, that ye may know
Each other (Not that ye may despise (each other). Verily the
Islamiat Inter -175- Ch # 1
Most honoured of you in the sight of Allah is (He who is) the
Most righteous of you."
USWA-E-HASANAH:
1. The Holy Prophet set a standard of equality by
marrying his cousin Hazrat Zainab with his
liberated slave Hazrat Zaid .
2. In a company no special seat was reserved for the
Holy Prophet . He sat amidst his companion
without any formality.
3. His dress was as simple as the dress of ordinary
Muslims. His residence was very simple and his food
was ordinary.
4. During the construction of Masjid-e-Quba and
Masjid Nabvi the Holy Prophet worked with his
companions. Similarly on the eve of battle of Ahzab
He participated like ordinary Muslims in the
digging of the trench.
CONCLUSION:
In short, Islam has established the human society on the
basis of equality where each and every individual enjoy
equal rights. No discrimination is allowed. The ruler and
the ruled are equal in sight of Law and equal laws are
imposed on all classes ensuring liberty of faith and
performance.
PATIENCE AND DETERMINATION

MEANING AND DEFINITION:

Patience means to stop oneself, bear and tolerate.
Determination means strength and courage. So the whole
term means to be determined to do something despite
Islamiat Inter -176- Ch # 1
facing difficulties and opposition and bear with all the
torture and persecution.
When a person exercises patience and determination
he overcomes his fears and faces the difficulties and
troubles of life with courage. Patience and determination
reflect the qualities of strength of heart, high moral
standard and fortitude.
ACCORDING TO THE HOLY QUR'AN:
In the Holy Quran patience and determination are
considered great virtues having great importance. Allah
Almighty says:

And bear with patient constancy whatever betide thee; for this
is firmness (of purpose) in (the conduct of) affairs.
In another place Allah Almighty says:

For Allah is with those who patiently persevere

By patience one seeks the help of Allah Almighty:

And seek help through patience and prayer

Allah Almighty has urged man to exercise patience
and resignation at the time of trouble. As Allah Almighty is
the provider of everything to man, a man must resort to
patience at the time of trial.
USWA-E-HASANAH:
When Hazrat Muhammad declared his
Prophethood the non-believers started persecuting him.
1. They belied him and made fun of Islam. Some called
him a magician and some took him for an astrologer
Islamiat Inter -177- Ch # 1
but he remained patient and determined and never
gave up his preaching.
2. One day Hazrat Muhammad was offering
prayer near the Khana Kaaba. A group of non-
believers was present there. Uqba bin Abbi Mueet
put the guts of a camel on the back of the Holy
Prophet when He was in Sajda on the
instigation of Abbu Jehl. They started laughing at
his mischief. Somebody informed Hazrat
Fatima(R.A), daughter of the Prophet , about
this incident. She came running and removed the
guts from his back and cursed the nonbelievers. At
this Hazrat Muhammad advised his daughter to
be patient. The Prophet prayed for their
guidance as they did not know what was good for
them.
3. Abu Lahb was uncle of the Holy Prophet . When

Hazrat Muhammad started preaching, he and

his wife Ume-e-Jamil became enemies of the Prophet
. Abu Lahb often said that the Holy Prophet
(Allah forbid) was a mad person and no
attention should be paid to his words. The wife of
Abu Lahb scattered throns in his way. Many times
the soles of the Holy Prophet bled, Inspite of all
this the Holy Prophet bore these troubles with
great patience and determination and never cursed.
However, Allah Almighty revealed Sura Lahb to
condemn both of them for their insolence.
4. When the enemies of Islam found that the light of
truth was spreading all around despite all their
tactics they declared a boycott of the family of Banu
Islamiat Inter -178- Ch # 1
Hashim in Moharram-ul-Haram in the seventh year
of Prophethood. According to this all the tribes of
Arabia were bound to stop all kinds of dealings and
contacts with Banu Hashim. As a result the family of
Banu Hashim except Abu Lahb remained besieged
in Shaab-e-Abi Tallib for three years. During this
period they suffered untold miseries and troubles.
However, the Holy Prophet , a mercy for the
entire world, faced this situation with great patience,
courage and resolution.
In this way, the Holy Prophet and his faithful
companions remained busy in Jehad to win approbation of
Allah Almighty and bore all the troubles with patience and
steadfastness.

FORGIVENESS
Forgiveness is a great moral virtue. Through this
affections among friends and relatives increases and enmity
and hostility of foes is removed.
MEANING and DEFINITION:
Affwe means to forgive and in terms it means to
forgive when a person can get revenge.
ACCORDING TO THE HOLY QUR'AN:
It has been emphasized in the Holy Quran at many
places. It is one of the qualities desired in believers. Allay
says:

Who restrain anger, and pardon (all) men

USWA-E-HASANAH:
1. In view of the stiff opposition of Quraish Hazarat
Muhammad decided to go to the valley of Taaif
to invite them to embrace Islam. The chiefs of Taaif
Islamiat Inter -179- Ch # 1

misbehaved with the Prophet instead of

accepting his invitation. They threw stones at him
which made his body bleed and his shoes were filled
with blood. On this occasion, Hazrat Jabrael Amin
came and offerd to merge the hills on both sides of
Taaif so that these defiant people should be
destroyed. But the Holy Prophet not only
forgave them but prayed for them that Allah
Almighty might guide them.
2. At the time of the conquest of Makkah all the
Quraish of Makkah were assembled in the
courtyard of Khana Kaaba. These were the people
who had been conspiring to murder the Holy
Prophet , martyred so many Muslims and
inflicted torture upon the Holy Prophet and the
Muslims that they had to migrate from Makkah to
Madina. Now these people were afraid of a severe
revenge. Hazrat Muhammad looked at them
and said, "O Quraish do you know how I would
treat you." They replied, "You would treat us
kindly because you are kind and the son of a kind
brother." The Holy Prophet recited this verse of
the Holy Quran:

He said: This day let no reproach be (cast) on you; Allah will

forgive you, and He is the Most merciful of those who show
mercy!
We should follow the bright Sunnah of the Holy
Prophet .

ZIKR
Islamiat Inter -180- Ch # 1
It is a natural phenomenon that the creature owes
much to the creater. All the human beings should be
grateful to Allah Almighty for the blessings He has
bestowed upon them. To be a grateful creature Zikr-e-
EIahi is the proper way.
MEANING and DEFINITION:
Zikr means to remember someone. In terms of
religion it means to remember Allah Almighty.
ZIKR in the Holy Qur'an:
1. In the Holy Quran Zikr-e-Elhai has been
emphasized at many places. Allah Almighty says:

O ye who believe! Celebrate the praises of Allah and do this

often.
2. The believers who indulge in Zikr-e-Elahi have been
praised in the Holy Quran, thus:

By men whom neither Traffic nor merchandise can divert

from the Remembrance of Allah
3. At another place Allah says:

For without doubt in the remembrance of Allah do hearts

find satisfaction.
The Greatest Form of Zikr:
The greatest form of Zikr is Namaz because it
contains all the three kinds of Zikr i.e. by heart, by tongue
and by action. That is why, among the prayers Namaz was
made compulsory first of all.
Zikr and The Holy Prophet :
Ummul Momeneen Hazrat Aisha(R.A) narrates that
the Holy Prophet offered his prayers standing till late
at night that his feet swelled. Once Hazrat Aisha(R.A)
Islamiat Inter -181- Ch # 1

asked the Holy Prophet why he bore so much rigour in

prayers، when Allah Almighty has guaranteed paradise for
him. The Holy Prophet replied that he wanted to be a
grateful creature of Allah Almighty.
The prayers of the Holy Prophet have been
described in the Holy Quran thus:

O thou folded in garments! Stand (to prayer) by night, but

not all night half of it, - or a Little less,
At another place, Allah Almighty says:

And part of the night, Prostrate thyself to Him: and glorify

Him a long night through
The Holy Prophet indulged in Zikr-e-Elahi in
many ways. He offered Nawafil alongwith compulsory
Namaz. As laid down in the Holy Quran.

And pray in the small watches of the morning: (it would be)
and additional prayer (OR spiritual profit) for thee: soon will
thy Lord raise thee to a station of Praise and Glory!
The Best Zikr:
The Holy Prophet has said:
This means that the best Zikr is:
Tasbeeh-e-Fatima:
Islamiat Inter -182- Ch # 1
After Namaz Zikr-e-Elahi is done by repeating
and thirty three times and thirty
four times. This Zikr is called Tasbeeh-e-Fatima. Apart
from this there are many ways of Zikr ascribed to the Holy
Prophet which can be found in books of Ahadith.

SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Who followed the Holy Prophet (PBUH) during
the migration?
Ans: Saraqa bin Jaasham followed the Holy Prophet
(PBUH).
2. Write the translation of a Qura’nic Verse
about the Prophet (PBUH) as mercy for all worlds.
Ans: We sent you not but as mercy for all worlds.
3. What is meant by Aam ul Huzan?
Ans: The year in whichUmmul Mo’meneen Hazrat
Khadija and the Holy Prophet’s (PBUH) Abou
Talib died is called the year of grief (Aam ul Huzan)
4. What is Afzal ul Zikr?
Ans: The best Zikr is La Ilaha illallah
5. How many days the Prophet (PBUH) offered Traveh
Prayer in Masjid?
Ans: The Prophet (PBUH) offered Traveh Prayer in
Masjid for three days only.
6. Whom the Prophet (PBUH) sent to Dos tribe for
preaching?
Ans: Hazrat Tufail Ibn Amr Dosi was sent to Dos Tribe
for preaching them.
7. What is meant by Tasbeeh e Fatima?
Islamiat Inter -183- Ch # 1
Ans: To say 33 times Subhan Allah and Alhamdu lillah
and 34 times Allah ho Akbar is called Tasbeeh e
Fatima.
8. In which battles the teeth of the Holy Prophet
(PBUH) were martyred?
Ans: The teeth of the Prophet (PBUH) were martyred in
the battle of Uhd.
9. During migration to Madinah in which cave and
how many days did the Holy Prophet (PBUH)
stay?
Ans: The Holy Prophet (PBUH) stayed in the cave of
SAUR for three days.
10. Who threw camel guts on the Holy Prophet
(PBUH) during prayers?
Ans: Aqba bin Abi Moeet threw camel guts on the Holy
Prophet (PBUH) and he was instigated by
Abou Jahl.
11. What is the cause of Hazrat Abou Ayub’s
popularity?
Ans: After migration he was the host of the Prophet
(PBUH) in Madina.
12. In whose condemnation was revealed Surah e Lahb?
Ans: It was revealed in the condemnation of Abou Lahb
and his wife Ume Jameel.
13. What is Harbe Fajar?
Ans: Battles fought during sacred months were called
Harbe Fajar.
14. Write down the meanings and definition of Affwe
(forgiveness).
Ans: Affwe literally means; to forgive and in terms to
forgive if one can get revenge even.
15. Write down a Hadith about love of children.
Islamiat Inter -184- Ch # 1
Ans: “The person who is not merciful to our young ones
and does not respect our old ones is not of us.”
16. Why did the Prophet (PBUH) not command Miswak
before every prayer?
Ans: The Prophet (PBUH) did not command it so that the
Umma may not be indulged in difficulty.
17 Write down literal and figurative meanings of the
word Sabr.
Ans: Sabr means to stop, to bear and in terms it is to
control one’s desire and to bear the hardships.
18. How did the Holy Prophet (PBUH) treat his
enemies on the conquest of Makkah?
Ans: The Prophet (PBUH) declared general forgiveness.
19. Which is the Place of the Practical training of
equality for the Muslims?
Ans: Mosque is the place for practical training of
equality.
20. Write down the literal and figurative meanings of
Istiqlal.
Ans: Istiqlal means firmness and in terms to be firm on
one’s beliefs and decision.
21. Define Tasbeeh, Tahmeed and Tehlil.
Ans: Tasbih means SUBHAN ALLAH, Tahmeed means
Alhamdulillah and Tehlil means LA ILAHA
ILLALLAH.
22. In which battle Hazrat Jaafar(R.A) was martyred?
Ans: In the battle of Mauta he was martyred.
23. Write down the translation of a verse about the
morality of the Holy Prophet (PBUH).
Ans: “Surely you are on the high rank of morality”.
24. Write down the names of three Non-Arab
companions of the Prophet (PBUH).
Ans: i. Hazrat Salman Farsi (R.A)
Islamiat Inter -185- Ch # 1
ii. Hazrat Sohaib Roomi (R.A)
iii. Hazrat Bilal Habshi (R.A)
25. Write down three types of Dhikr.
Ans: i. Zikr by tongue
ii. Zikr by Heart
iii. Zikr through Actions
26. What is Shaib e Abi Talib?
Ans: Shaib e Abi Talib is the mountain valley near
Makkah where the Prophet (PBUH) remained with
Banu Hashim during Boycott.
27. Write down translation of a Qur’anic Verse
about Zikr.
Ans: “For without doubt in the remembrance of Allah do
hearts find satisfaction.”
28. Write down the literal meanings of Zikr.
Ans: Zikr means to remember someone.
29. Write down two types of Equality.
Ans: i. Social Equality ii. Legal equality
30. What was the name of Hazrat Jaffar bin Abi
Talib's(R.A) Wife?
Ans: Hazrat Asmaa Bint Amees was the wife of Hazrat
Jaffar bin Abi Talib (R.A).

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. The Word Tahjud means:
(A) Awakening (B) Interrupting one’s
sleep
(C) Offering Prayer (D) Keep awaking
2. Number of Cows liable for paying Zakat is:
(A) 40 (B) 5
(C) 30 (D) 10
3. Best way of Zikr is:
Islamiat Inter -186- Ch # 1
(A) Fasting (B) Offering
Prayer
(C) Hajj (D) Sacrifice
4. The First Martyre of Islam is:
(A) Hazrat Hamza (R.A)
(B) Hazrat Haris Bin Abi Hala (R.A)
(C) Hazrat Sohaib (R.A)
(D) Hazrat Musa’b Bin Umair (R.A)
5. Name of Hazrat Khadija’s Father was:
(A) Khawailad (B) Saad
(C) Warqa (D) Talha
6. Opposite of Zikr is:
(A) Dishonesty (B) Ignorance
(C) Patience (D) to memorize
7. Masjid Aqsa is situated in:
(A) Madina (B) Palestine
(C) Makkah (D) Egypt
8. The age of Prophet (PBUH) at the time of
Migration was:
(A) 40 years (B) 50 years
(C) 53 years (D) 63 years
9. Abdul Uza was the name of:
(A Abu Jahl (B) Abu Jandal
(C) Utba (D) Abu Lahb
10. Hazrat Bilal was the slave of:
(A) Abu Jahl (B) Abu Sufiyan
(C) Hazrat Ali
(D) Ummaya Bin Khalf
11. Hazrat Jaffar Tayyar was martyred in the battle of:
(A) Mauta (B) Badr
(C) Tabuk (D) Ditch
12. Umme Jameel was the wife of:
(A) Abu Jahl (B) Abu Jandal
Islamiat Inter -187- Ch # 1
(C) Utba (D) Abu Lahb
13. Steadfastness means:
(A) To become ruler (B) To gether wealth
(C) Toughness and hardness
(D) To be brave
14. Attacked on Ka’aba:
(A) Namrud (B) Pharoah
(C) Abu Jahl (D) Abraha
15. In Hudebiya treaty the representatives of
Makkans was:
(A) Abu Sufiyan (B) Usman bin Talha
(C) Sohail Bin Amr (D) Abu Jandal
16. Payment of Land for Masjid e Nabvi was paid
by:
(A) Hazrat Ali (B) Hazrat Sa’ad
(C) Hazrat Usman (D) Hazrat
Abu Bakr
17. Who did chew the liver of Hazrat Hamza:
(A) Wahshi (B) Wife of Abu
Lahb
(C) Wife of Abu Sufiyan (D) Wife of Utba
18. The Name mentioned in the Holy Qur’an:
(A) Abou Bakr
(B) The Prophet (PBUH)
(C) Hazrat Zaid (D) Hajaj Bin Yusuf
19. The companion Hazrat Sohaib belonged to:
(A) Madina (B) Rome
(C) Habsha (D) Yemen
20. The Prophet (PBUH) was detained in Shaib
Abi Talib for:
(A) 4 years (B) 5 years

(C) 3 years (D) 6 years

Islamiat Inter -188- Ch # 1
21. At the time of Hudebiya treaty was brought tied:
(A) Hazrat Ali (B) Hazrat Usman
(C) Hazrat Jaffar (D) Hazrat Abu
Jandal

ANSWERS

1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B
5. A 6. B 7. B 8. C
9. D 10. D 11. A 12. D
13. D 14. D 15. C 16. D
17. C 18. C 19. B 20. C
21. D

DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Write short notes on the following:
The mercy and kindness of the Holy Prophet
for:
(a) Women (b) Children

(c) Ummah (d) Orphans

2. "The Holy Prophet eliminated discrimination
on the grounds of colour and race and made all the
Muslims brothers to one another under this
command of Allah." Discuss in detail.
3. What is equality? How the Holy Prophet
established equality in Islamic Society.
Islamiat Inter -189- Ch # 1
4. What is forgiveness? What are its effects on human
society? Describe a few incidents where there
Prophet showed the quality of forgiveness.
5. The Holy Prophet was an embodiment of
patience and determination. Explain with the help of
examples.
6. What is Zikr? What are its kinds and benefits?


Islamiat Inter -190- Ch # 1

CHAPTER 4
Islamiat Inter -191- Ch # 1
INTRODUCTION TO QURAN AND HADITH

(A) INTRODUCTION TO QURAN

The Quran-e-Majeed is the last divine book of Allah
Almighty which was revealed upon the last Prophet Hazrat
Muhmmad during the period of approximately 23
years gradually and according to the needs and demands
arising from time to time. This is a very noble and sacred
book containing a message of guidance for all human
beings.
Apart from the Holy Quran, there are other divine
books which were revealed upon the previous Prophets e.g.,
Taurat, Zaboor and Ingil. Besides, there are Sahaif (the
divine books) which were also revealed upon Prophets. All
these divine books contain fundamental teachings like
Oneness of Allah Almighty, rejection of Shirk, morals
obligations and prayers. Except the Quran, all other divine
books were meant for a particular period and a particular
nation. Their teachings were confined to a specific period
and not applicable to other times. Holy Quran is the
comprehensive book which contains guidance for all fields
of life, for all mankind and for all times to come till the day
of judgement. This is the last divine book revealed upon the
last Prophet .
DIFFERENT NAMES OF THE HOLY QURAN
The scholars have discussed different names of the
Holy Quran. In Kitab-ul-Burhan, 55 names of the Holy
Quran, derived from verses of the Holy Quran, have been
discussed. A few of these names are listed below:
1. Al-Kitab: The only book among all the books in the
world which deserves to be called a book is
the Holy Quran.
2. Al-Furqan: Which can distinguish between truth and
falsehood.
Islamiat Inter -192- Ch # 1
3. Noor: Which shows light and guidance
4. Shifa: Which can provide spiritual shifa and a
message of health
5., Tazkira: A source of warning and advice
6. Al-Ilm: A source of knowledge and vision
7. Al-Bian: Which explains every matter
Names of the Holy Qura'n based on its Qualities:
Allah Almighty has described certain qualities of the
Quran. For example;
1. Hakeem: Containing wisdom
2. Majeed: Sublime
3. Mubarak: blessed
4. Al-Aziz: possessing great prestige
5. Mubeen: which educates guidance
6. Karim: Having noble qualities
No one can guess the qualities and blessings of this
book. It has dealt with unlimited subjects and ideas. Any
person who has a true spirit of obtaining guidance can
benefit from its teachings.
REVELATION OF THE HOLY QURAN:
Hazrrat Muhammad was forty years old when
the revelation of the Quran begun upon him. During this
part of his age, he spent most of his time in solitude. He
went to the Ghar-e-Hira (The cave of Hira) for prayers.
THE FIRST WAHEE:
One day when he was busy in his prayers in the
cave. Hazrat Jibril Amin appeared at the cave and asked
Hazrat Muhammad to read. The Holy Prophet
told him that he was illiterate. This question and answer
Islamiat Inter -193- Ch # 1
was repeated three times. The fourth time Hazrat Jibril
Amin seized the Prophet and pressed him and then
released him. After this, he read these five verses of Sura
Alaq:

Proclaim! (Or read) in the name of thy Lord and Cherisher,

Who created. Created man, out of a (mere) clot of congealed
blood. Proclaim! And thy Lord is most Bountiful. He Who
taught (the used of) the Pen. Taught man that which he knew
not.
The beginning of revelation overwhelmed him. He
started shivering and returned home. He told all about this
to his wife Hazrat Khadija-tul-Kubra. She comforted him
with these words,
"Allah will never fail you. You bring the relatives, closer
together. You share the difficulties of other people. You offer
wealth to the beggars and are hospitable."
In fact, these words of Hazrat Khadija serve as a
lesson for all the Muslims. If anyone adopts these qualities,
Allah Almighty will bless him with success in practical life
and free him from all difficulties. Afterwards Hazrat
Khadija fetched him to his cousin Warqa bin Naufil who
was the scholar of Injil.
SURAHS AND VERSES OF THE HOLY QURAN:
The Holy Quran comprises 114 Suras. Every Sura
contains a few verses or Ayat . Ayat means token or
sign. Therefore, every Ayat is a sign of some eternal law of
Allah Almighty. There are 6666 ayats in the Holy Quran.
Except Sura Tauba, every Sura begins with BISMILLAH
.
Islamiat Inter -194- Ch # 1
Sura Baqra is the largest Sura of the Holy Quran
and sura Al-Kausar is the shortest, which has only three
verses. The Holy Quran has been divided into thirty parts.
Each part is called a Para. The Holy Quran has seven
Stations (Manazils). These Manazil have been fixed to
enable a man to complete the recitation of Holy Quran in
one week, if he wishes to do so.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MAKKI SURAHS:
The Holy Prophet spent the first thirteen years
of his Prophethood in Makkah. During this period, he had
to face great difficulties. To people known to him turned
against him and did not care to listen to the message of
Tauheed. They suffered from the evil of shirk. They
decided after long deliberation that they would not accept
his message but will oppose him tooth and nail. They
spread thorns in his way. When the Holy Prophet
recited the Holy Quran they shouted so that the people may
not listen to the Holy Quran. They persecuted the people
who embraced Islam. This period of thirteen years was a
period of great difficulties and troubles. During this period,
the suras of Holy Quran revealed upon the Holy Prophet
contained a message of patience. Beside this, the topics
relating to Oneness of Allah Almighty, Prophethood and
the life in the world hereafter have been dealt with. He was
orderd to migrate to Madina after thirteen years.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MADNI SURAHS:
After Hijrat when the Holy Prophet arrived in
Madina the situation was quite different. A number of
people in Madina had embraced Islam before his arrival.
After Hijrat when a small group of Muslims led by the
Holy Prophet reached Madina, the Holy Prophet
set up an Islamic State with the help of Mahajreen and
Ansars. During this period, the Suras and verses of the
Holy Quran revealed were meant to meet the new needs in
the situation. Those pertain to the social, economic and
Islamiat Inter -195- Ch # 1
political problems. In addition to these topics emphasis was
laid on spending wealth in the way of Allah Almighty,
exercise of justice, business dealing and compulsion of
Jehad. Roza, Zakat and Hajj were made compulsory. The
Holy Prophet spent ten years in Madina. During this
period, many verses and Suras of the Holy Quran were
revealed on different occasions. During this period Muslims
fought many battles with the non-believers. The first battle
with the non believers is called Ghazva-e-Badr and the last
battle was Ghazva-e-Tabook.
THE LAST HAJJ OF THE HOLY PROPHET :
The Holy Prophet performed his last Hajj in 10
Hijrah. This is called Hajja-tul-Vidda. During the last
twenty three years the Holy Prophet had completed his
mission. He had accomplished the Deen and Sharia. He had
discharged his duty of guiding the Muslims by establishing
an Islamic State. During this last Hajj, the Holy Prophet
delivered an address which contains very useful orders
and advice. The Holy Prophet addressed a large
number of his companions and told them that he had
conveyed the commands of Deen. All confirmed this, with
the following words.

They replied in the affirmative and confirmed that the Holy

Prophet had conveyed Risalat and delievered Amanat
and guided the Ummah.
The last address of the Holy Prophet indicated
that he had completed his mission and was about to leave
this world. That is why, he addressed such a large number
of Muslims for the last time. After this address the
following revelation declared the completion of Deen.
Islamiat Inter -196- Ch # 1

This day have I perfected your religion for you, completed My

favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your
religion.
After the revelation of this verse, the Holy Prophet
passed away after some time. Before his demise, the
Holy Prophet urged his Ummah to follow the Holy
Quran steadfastly. Therefore, all the Muslims are bound
not only to show respect to the last divine book of Allah
Almighty but also follow its teachings.
THE PRESERVATION OF THE HOLY QURA'N
Allah Almighty has Himself promised to preserve
the Holy Quran. Allah says:

We have, without doubt, sent down the Message; and We will

assuredly Guard it (from corruption)
In this verse, Allah Almighty has made three points.
‫٭‬ First this book has been revealed by Allah Almighty.
This means that this is not an ordinary book, but
has been revealed by Allah Almighty for the
guidance of mankind.
‫٭‬ Second, this is a book of Zikr, Zikr means advice,
i.e., This book has been revealed to advise the people
with the intention of their welfare.
‫٭‬ Third, it has been declared that Allah Almighty is
responsible for the preservation of this book. This
means that no tampering alternation or suppression
of any portion of this book is possible.
Other divine books have been subjected to
tampering and alterations. However, Quran is intact in its
original form; even after the passage of centuries. Its
Islamiat Inter -197- Ch # 1
language, eloquence and contents exist without any change.
The Holy Quran contains guidance for mankind for all
times to come. It is for all ages and all races of mankind.
The power of government cannot suppress its teachings.
Allah Almighty has fulfilled His promise to preserve the
Holy Quran. This fact has been acknowledged by the
Muslims as well as non-muslims. Allah Almighty says in the
Holy Quran:

Move not thy tongue concerning the (Quran) to make haste

therewith. It is for Us to collect it and to promulgate it. But
when we have promulgated it, follow thou its recital (as
promulgated). Nay more, it is for us to explain it (and make it
clear).
The Holy Prophet ensured that the contents of
the Holy Quran should be committed to memory and
writing. That is why a large number of the companions of
the Holy Prophet learnt the Holy Quran by heart. In
addition to this the contents of the Holy Quran were
recorded on slabs, plain leaves, and the shoulder bone of
the camel.
EDITING OF THE HOLY QURAN
The present order of the Suras of the Holy Quran is
TAUQIFI. This means that the Holy Prophet has
arranged the contents of the Holy Quran according to the
commands of Allah Almighty. When a Sura was revealed
the Holy Prophet himself instructed the scribes to write
the sura in question before or after some particular sura.
When ayat were revealed he directed to record the same in
a particular sura. In view of this practice, the Muslims
believe that editing of the Holy Quran has been made
Islamiat Inter -198- Ch # 1
under the will of Allah Almighty. Among the scribes of
Wahi are included the four caliphs.
THE COLLECTION OF THE HOLY QURAN IN BOOK
FORM DURING THE PERIOD OF HAZRAT ABU
BAKKAR SIDDIQUE (R.A)
During the life time of the Holy Prophet the
Holy Quran did not exist in a single book form. It contents
were recorded on different articles. In the time of Hazrat
Abu Bakar Siddique, the need arose to compile it in book
form. During his caliphate, the Muslims fought a war
(YAMAMA) with Muselima Kazzab who claimed to be a
Prophet. The army sent to crush him consisted of a large
number of Huffaz-e-Quran. A large number of them were
martyred during the war. The Muslims won the war but it
was felt that death of Huffaz-e-Quran might not affect the
preservation of the Holy Quran. Therefore, Hazrat Abu
Bakkar Siddique entrusted the work of the compilation of
the Holy Quran to a famous Qari and Hafiz, Sahabi Zaid
Bin Sabit who also served as a scribe of Wahi during the
period of the Holy Prophet . He completed this task
with great diligence. This manuscript of the Holy Quran
remained with Hazrat Abu Bakkar Siddique (R.A). After
his death, it was in the custody of Hazrat Umar and after
his death, it was passed on to Hazrat Hifsa.
Compilation of Qur'an and Hazrat Usman (R.A):
During the Caliphate of Hazrat Usman it was
observed that Non-Arabs are facing propblems in reciting
the Qur'an because of different Arabic accents. Hazrat
Usman got many copies of the manuscript of Hazrat Abu
Bakr prepared under his supervision according to Qureshi
Accent and sent the same to the different parts of his
empire. That is why he is called Jame Al Qur'an.
Diacritical marks were added for non-Arabs:
The original manuscript of the Qur'an does not have
the signs indicating the vowels in Arabic script. These
Islamiat Inter -199- Ch # 1
vowels are known as tashkil, zabar, zair, paish in Urdu and
as fatah, damma and qasra in Arabic. The Arabs did not
require the vowel signs and diacritical marks for correct
pronunciation of the Qur'an since it was their mother
tongue. For Muslims of non-Arab origin, however, it was
difficult to recite the Qur'an correctly without the vowels.
These marks were introduced into the Quranic script
during the time of the fifth 'Umayyad' Caliph, Malik-ar-
Marwan (66-86 Hijri/685-705 C.E.) and during the
governorship of Al-Hajaj in Iraq.
STYLE OF THE HOLY QURAN:
The style of the Holy Quran is very appealing and
charming. When it is recited, the people are attracted to
listen to it. There is a great effect in its contents. It deeply
touches the heart and mind of its listeners. Its verses
contain vast meanings. People have spent their ages to write
the Tafseer of this book. This process is still going on. The
style of the Holy Quran is quite different from other
worldly books. It addresses man directly and calls upon
him to follow the right path. This book is free from all
kinds of shortcomings. The Muslims have been reciting the
Holy Quran for centuries. This is the proof that this is a
divine book which cannot be changed.
QUALITIES OF THE HOLY QURAN:
The Holy Quran possesses certain qualities which
have made it immortal. It is not possible to enumerate all
the qualities. However, a few qualities are described as
under:
1. The Holy Quran is the true book. Its message and
teachings contain truth. It contains very solid
arguments and proofs. Allah Almighty says:

I.L.R. (This is) a book, with verses basic or fundamental (of

established meaning), further explained in detail, from One
Who is Wise and Well-Acquainted (with all things)
Islamiat Inter -200- Ch # 1
The arguments are very solid and convincing and
lead us to truth. These are free from any contradiction.
There is a consistency in the topics dealt with in the Holy
Quran. Allah Almighty says:

Had it been from other than Allah; they would surely have
found therein much discrepancy
2. This book guarantees the success of those
individuals and nations who believe in it truly and
sincerely and who follow its commands. Through
this book, they can win prestige and distinction in
the world. Hazrat Umar has expressed this fact in
these words:
"Through this book Allah Almighty Taala will
ensure the rise of many nations as well as the down fall of
some."
Under the influence of the Holy Quran, the life of
Hazrat Umar was changed altogether. Hazrat Umar
belonged to the middle class section of the Quresh and he
used to attend the goats of his father as a shepherd. After
embracing Islam, Hazrat Umar displayed great qualities of
leadership. He was the founder of an empire greater than
the empires of Rome and Iran. He has laid down guiding
principles of State craft which is a source of pride for the
entire world. Although he was the head of a great state yet
he was extremely pious and noble. It is a fact that a person
who closely follows the Holy Quran will be blessed with
prestige and honour. On the other hand, a person who
ignores the teachings of the Holy Quran will face
degradation and destruction. In his famous poem entitled
"SHIKWAH" Iqbal has also expressed similar feelings and
views.
Islamiat Inter -201- Ch # 1
Allama Iqbal is of the view that the only cause of the
prevailing deterioration of Muslims is their separation
from the Holy Quran. If the Muslims follow the commands
of the Holy Quran, they can win back their prestige and
honour.
3. The Holy Quran has great influence on human heart
and mind, feelings, desires and tendencies. It
performs a vital rule in the reformation and
chastisement of human character and personality.
The recitation of the Holy Quran creates tendencies
in our hearts as well as develops the blessings of
determination and conviction.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE HOLY QURAN:
As the Holy Quran has been revealed upon the
Prophet by Allah Almighty it contains great effectiveness as
mentioned in the following verse of the Holy Quran:

Had We sent down this Quran on a mountain, verily, thou

would have seen it humble itself and cleave as under for fear
of Allah
It is due to this effectiveness that when a believer
recites the Holy Quran he feels a strange condition in his
heart and mind. This condition is a reflection in his faith
and conviction. The believer gets closer to Allah Almighty
and absorbs Quranic teachings. A study of a Hadith shows
that the Holy Prophet asked his companions to read
out the Holy Quran to him. On such occasions, the Holy
Prophet felt great tenderness and ecstasy. The
following Hadith is narrated in this connection.
Hazrat Abdullah bin Masood narrates that the Holy
Prophet asked him to read out the Holy Quran. He
replied how he can read out the Holy Quran to him as it
was revealed upon him. The Holy Prophet told that he
Islamiat Inter -202- Ch # 1
preferred to listen to the Holy Quran read out by other
persons. Therefore, Hazrat Abdullah bin Masood started
reciting Sura Nisa. When he recited the following verse:

How then if We brought from each People a witness, and We

brought thee as a witness against these People!
The Holy Prophet told him to stop. Hazrat
Abdullah bin Masood saw that there were tears in the eyes
of the Holy Prophet Mufasir Ibne Kaseer writes in his
commentary thus: "They neither cried nor showed
affectation. They were so distinguished in calmness, respect
and submission that no one could match them in these
qualities. At the time of the recitation from the Holy Quran
a reader experience a condition of shivering as well as state
of peace." The feelings of tenderness indicate that the
reader is being blessed by Allah Almighty. It is established
by Quran and hadith that recitation from the Holy Quran
brings the blessings of Allah Almighty. A listener can share
this blessing if he listens to the recitation with silence and
attention. Allah Almighty says:

When the Quran is read, listen to it with attention, and hold

you power that receive Mercy.
This means that those people get the blessings of
Allah Almighty who listen to the Holy Quran attentively so
that they may absorb the meanings of the Quran property.
B. INTRODUCTION TO HADITH
The Holy Quran is the last divine book revealed
upon Hazrat Muhammad . He was the preacher
Islamiat Inter -203- Ch # 1

and the teacher of the Holy Quran. Therefore, he read

out the entire Holy Quran to the people. He made
them write it and learn it by hear. He explained the
meanings of the Holy Quran and himself followed the
orders and teachings of the Holy Quran to serve as a model
for the Ummah. The life of the Holy Prophet is in fact a
practical interpretation of the Holy Quran. The sayings
action and statements of the Holy Prophet are called
Hadith.
MEANINGS OF HADITH:
The Arabic word Hadith means conversation or
sayings. In terms it means the sayings, the doings and the
advice of the Holy Prophet .
TYPES of HADITH:
The Holy Prophet communicated the teachings
of the Holy Quran through his conversation or actions.
Hadiths are of three types:
1. Hadith-e-Qoli :

He explained the contents of the Holy Qur'an.

These sayings are called Hadith-e-Qoli.

2. Hadith-e-Faeli :

Sometimes He acted upon these teachings for

the guidance of his followers. These actions are called
Hadith-e-Faeli.

3. Hadith-e-Taqreeri :
Islamiat Inter -204- Ch # 1
Sometimes his followers expressed their ideas or
perform certain actions and the Holy Prophet
remainded silent and made no comments. In this way these
actions also became a part of Deen because they were not
objected to by the Holy Prophet .
The collection of all this is called Hadiths.
The Religious Status of Hadith:
What is the religious status of Ahadith? To
understand this, the following positions of the Holy Prophet
must be kept in view which have been highlighted in
the Holy Quran.
1. A PERFECT MODEL:

The Holy Prophet is a perfect model of human

behaviour for all the believers:

Ye has indeed in the Messenger of Allah a beautiful pattern

of (conduct) for anyone whose hope is in Allah and the Final
Day, and who engages much in the praise of Allah.
2. WORTHY TO BE FOLLOWED:
His obedience is compulsory:

So believe in Allah and His Messenger, the unlettered

Prophet, who believed in Allah and His Words.
Islamiat Inter -205- Ch # 1
3. COMPULSORY TO FOLLOW:
If the Holy Prophet gives us something we
should take it and if he forbids something we should shun
it.

So take what the Messenger assigns to you, and deny

yourselves that which he withholds from you
4. COMPULSORY OBEDIENCE:
It is compulsory for all the Muslims to obey the Holy
Prophet .

O ye who believe! obey Allah and obey the Messenger

5. GUIDE TO RIGHT PATH:
The right path can be found obeying the Holy
Prophet .

If ye obey him, ye shall be on right guidance

The above verses of the Holy Quran show that all
instructions given by the Holy Prophet to his followers,
all explanation made by him to interpret the Holy Quran,
the things declared Halal and Haram by him and the
decisions made by him to settle disputes all pertained to
relgion or Shariah. Apart from this his whole life is the best
model for the Ummah to follow. It is compulsory for every
believer to follow his orders. In short obedience of the
Prophet is in fact the obedience of Allah Almighty.
Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran:
Islamiat Inter -206- Ch # 1

He who obeys the Messenger obeys Allah

This means that as it is compulsory to obey Allah
Almighty it is also compulsory and necessary to obey
Hazrat Muhammad . Obviously orders regarding Deen
are contained in the Holy Quran but explanation of these
orders, details and practical observance can be made only
with the help of the sayings, action and model of the Holy
Prophet . Without this knowledge proper obedience of
the Holy Prophet is impossible.
PRESERVATION OF THE HADITH
The Holy Quran contains all the fundamental
teachings of Islam, all beliefs and all orders on different
issues. Every word of the Holy Quran was committed to
memory, by the people. Further reliable scribes were
engaged by the Holy Prophet to write down the
contents. Similarly, Hadith Sharif which contains all the
details of beliefs and practical details were committed to
memory by the companions of the Holy Prophet and
they started following the practical part of Hadith very
carefully.

The Holy Prophet himself dictated necessary

orders and instructions on different occasions. These
writings are mentioned in the standard books of Hadith. In
addition, these are the written instructions to the tribes,
replies to letters, the record of first census of Madina,
invitation to famous kings and rulers, contracts,
declaration of amnesty and many different writing which
were got written by the Holy Prophet from time to
time. It is said that after the battle of Badar the Muslims in
Madina learnt to write and the scribing of Hadith was
Islamiat Inter -207- Ch # 1
formally started. Although the Arab nation was illiterate
prior to Islam but after embracing Islam they took interest
in reading and writing and there were a number of persons
who took down every word uttered by the Holy Prophet
to learn the same by heart. This shows that the
companions of the Holy Prophet were very keen to
learn the Ahadith and collect them. That is why the Holy
Prophet often said, "May Allah Almighty keep that
person happy who listened to my Hadith, learnt it by heart
and then passed it on as he had heard it."
COMPILATION OF HADITH
This is an established fact that certain companions
of the Holy Prophet had recorded the Hadith of the
Prophet . As we know that the Holy Prophet
himself dictated many orders and instructions. It is clear
that the work of compilation of Hadith had been taken up
during the life time of The Holy Prophet and not in 2
(A.H) as the orientalists say.
THE FIRST PHASE OF COMPILATION OF HADITH:
In the early period of Islam, many collections of
Hadith were available. Among these collections, Saheefa
Sadiqa of Hazrat Abdullah bin Ammer Bin Al-Aas is very
famous. Similarly, the Sahifa compiled by Hazrat Ali
contained many orders and issues. The most important is
the Sahifa of Hazrat Abu Huraira as it has reached us as
quoted and compiled by his pupil Hamam bin Munaba.
This Sahifa was traced and verified when a few years
before two identical manuscripts were found one in Berlin
and the other in Damuscus. Further this Sahifa has been
reproduced without any change in Masnad of Imam
Ahmad. Most of the Hadith of this Sahifa are included in
different chapters of Sahih Bukhari. In this way modern
Islamiat Inter -208- Ch # 1
research has brought to light many letters and documents
of Hazrat Muhammad . Among these the invitations of
Maquqas of Egypt and Nijashi are famous.
THE SECOND PHASE OF COMPILATION OF HADITH:
As a matter of fact compilation of Hadith was taken
up in the first century A.H. However, it is also a fact that
the people of Arabia kept the record of every matter
through their memory and did not like to keep written
records. The reason for this was the Arabs had a very
sharp memory and they wrote only to refresh their
memories.
COMPILATION of HADITH and Umer bin Abdul Aziz:
At the close of the century in the year 99 A.H.
Khalifa Umar bin Abdul Aziz realized that most of the
companions of the Holy Prophet had passed away. He
was concerned that this might not adversely affect the
knowledge and subject of Ahadith. Therefore, he issued an
order to all the scholars in different countries to collect and
compile the Ahadith of the Holy Prophet . In
compliance with this order Imam Shaibe of Kufa, Imam
Zahri of Madina and Imam Makhool of Syria collected
Hadith. Similarly, at the end of the first century great
Aaimma, Ta'been, fully participated in the collections and
compilation of Ahadith.
In the second century A.H. this process further
flourished. Along with Ahadith the descriptions of Fatawa
and sayings of the companions, Ahl-i-Bait and Tabeen were
collected and compiled. The most renowned books among
these are Al-asar of Imam Abu Hanifa, Mowta of Imam
Malik and Aljamay of Imam Sufian Suri. During this
century, Fiqah Hanfi and Fiqah Malki were compiled in
the light of these Ahadith and descriptions which were
followed by the companions and Ta'been.
Islamiat Inter -209- Ch # 1
THE THIRD PHASE OF COMPLIATION OF HADITH:
In the third century Ilm-e-Hadith made much
progress. Mohadeseen reached every corner of the world in
search of Ahadith. They separated reliable Ahadith from
the unreliable ones. The accurate reference to the narrator
of Ahadith was established. Isma-ul-Rijal was compiled:
Cross examination and scrutiny to establish authenticity of
Hadith became an art. During this period valuable books
like Sihah-i-Sitta were produced. Following is a list of Siha-
i-Sitta and their authors:
SIHA-I-SITTA
1. SAHIH BUKHARI
Imam Abou Abdullah Muhammad Ben Ismail
Bukhari
(d. 256 A.H)
2. SAHIH MUSLIM
Imam Muslim Ben Hajaj Ben Muslim Qasheri
(d. 261 A.H)
3. JAMI TIRMAZI
Imam Abou Issa Muhammad Ben Issa Al Tirmazi
(d. 279 A.H)
4. SUNAN-E-ABE DAUD
Imam Abou Daud Suleman Ben Ashas (d. 275
A.H)
5. SINAN-E-NISAE
Imam Abou Abdurehman Ahmed Ben Ali Al Nisae
(d. 303 A.H)
6. SUNAN-E-IBNEMAJA
Imam Abou Abdullah Muhammad Ben Yazed Ibne
Maja Al Qazveni (d. 273 A.H)
ASOOL-E-ARBA
Islamiat Inter -210- Ch # 1
The following four books contain the most
authenticated Ahadith pertaining to Fiqa Jafaria. These are
called Asool-e-Arba:
1. AL KAFI
Abou Jafar Muhammad Ben Yaqoob Alkulini. (d. 339 A.H)
2. MAN LA YAHZURHU ALFAQIH
Abou Jafar Muhammad Ali Ben Babveh Qummi
(d. 381 A.H)
3. AL ISTIBSAR
Abou Jafar Muhammad Ben Al Hassan Al Toosi
(d. 460 A.H)
4. TAHZEEB AL-AHKAM
Abou Jafar Muhammad Ben Al Hassan Al Toosi
(d. 460 A.H)

SELECTED VERSES OF THE

HOLY QUR'AN

(1)

O you who believe! Guard your duty to Allah Almighty, and

always be true and straight forward in speech. Then He will
set right your deeds and will forgive you your sins. And he
who obeys Allah Almighty and His Messenger, it is he who
achieves a mighty success.
(2)

Surely you have an excellent example for you guidance in

(the life of) the Messenger of Allah.
(3)
Islamiat Inter -211- Ch # 1

And hold fast, to the rope of Allah altogether, and do not be

divided.
(4)

Surely the most honoured of you in the sight of Allah is (he

who is) the most pious of you.
(5)

Verily In the creation of the heavens and the earth, and in the
alternation of night and day there are indeed signs for men of
understanding.
(6)

By no means shall you ever attain true virtue unless you

spend of those things that you hold dear.
(7)

And what the Holy Messenger gives you, take it and what he
forbids you, abstain from it.
(8)

Surely prayer forbids (one from) indecency and sin.

(9)
Islamiat Inter -212- Ch # 1
And no person earns anything but it is on his own account;
and no bearer of burden shall bear the burden of another.
(10)

Surely Allah commands justice in all matters and doing good

(to everybody).
(11)

Verily, it is We Who revealed this reminder (The Holy Quran)

and verily We are its guardian.
(12)

O you who believe! Fasting is enjoined upon you.

SELECTED HADITHS

(1)

Verily, our actions depend on our intentions. No doubt man

will get what he intends.
(2)

Verily, I have been sent as a Prophet to bring the high morals

to perfection.
(3)
Islamiat Inter -213- Ch # 1

No one amongst you can be a believer unless he holds me

dearer than his own parents, his offspring and other people.
(4)

No one amongst you can be a believer unless he chooses the

same thing for his brothers which he likes for himself.
(5)

A Muslim is one whose tongue and hands do not injure other

Muslims.
(6)

Allah does not take pity on the one who does not take pity on
people.
(7)

All possessions of a Muslim are forbidden to the other, his

blood, his belongings his honour.
(8)

The one who adopts the middle way will never be a beggar.
(9)

One who pursues the path of knowledge is led by Allah to one

of the paths leading to paradise.
(10)
Islamiat Inter -214- Ch # 1

Every faithful is brother of the other faithful. They are

like a body; if a part of the body is painful, he will feel the
pain in his whole body.
(11)

The Paradise is under the feet of the mother.

(12)

The truth saves the human beings from every trouble and the
falsehood results into their destruction.

SHORT QUESTIONS
1. What is meant by the Tarteeb-e-Nazooli(order of
revelation)?
Ans: The order in which the Holy Qur'an was revealed to
the Prophet (PBUH) is called Tarteeb-e-Nazooli
2. What is meant by Ashra-e-Mubashira?
Ans: Ten fortunate companions of the Prophet (PBUH)
who were given the good news of Jannah in their
lifetime are called Ashra-e-Mubashira.
3. What is Tuqeefi Order?
Ans: The arrangement of the Holy Qur'an prescribed by
Allah Almighty to the Prophet (PBUH) is called
Tuqeefi Order.
4. Define Haroof e Muqateaat.
Ans: These are the singular words in the beginning of
certain Surahs of the Holy Qur'an. Their meanings
are not known to anyone except Allah Almighty and
the Prophet (PBUH).
Islamiat Inter -215- Ch # 1
5. Whose selection of Hadith is called Sahifa-e-
Sadiqah?
Ans: This is the collection of Hazrat Abdullah bin Amer
bin Al-Aass (R.A)
6. Write down names of four Qur'anic Surahs named
after animals.
Ans: i. Al Baqarah ii. Al Nahl
iii. Al Naml iv. Al Fil
7. Write down two characteristics of Madni Surahs.
Ans: i. Length ii. Description of worships
iii. Commandment of Jihad
8. What is meant by Mutafaq Aleh (totally agreed
upon)?
Ans: Hadith accepted by both Bukhari and Muslim is
called Mutafaq-Aleh.
9. Define Madni Surahs and how many are they?
Ans: The Surahs revealed after migration and these are
twenty eight in number.
10. What is meant by SAHIHAIN?
Ans: Two authentic books of Hadith Sahih Bukhari and
Sahih Muslim are called Sahihain.
11. What and how many are basic sources of Islamic
Law?
Ans: There are four sources: Qur'an, Hadith, Concensus
and inference. Qur'an and Hadith are the Primary
Sources and are the most important.
12. How many prostrations are in the Holy Qur'an?
Ans: There 14 prostrations in the Holy Qur'an.
13. Whose title is Jame-ul-Qur'an and why?
Ans: Hazrat Usman (R.A) is called Jame ul Qur'an
because he collected the Holy Qur'an on one Qiraat
and got it bound in a book form.
Islamiat Inter -216- Ch # 1
14. Write down the names of any four scribes of
Revelation.
Ans: Hazrat Zaid bin Sabit, Hazrat Abi bin Ka'ab,
Hazrat Abu Bakr and Hazrat Ali (R. A)
15. Write down four names of the Holy Qur'an.
Ans: i. Al Zikr ii. Al Furqan
iii. AL Kitab iv. Al Hakim
16. Where did Hazrat Khadijah fetch the Prophet
(PBUH) after the first revelation?
Ans: She (R.A) Fetch him (PBUH) to her cousin Warqa
Bin Naufal.
17. Write down three names from Siha-e-Sitta.
Ans: Sahih Bukhari Sahih Muslim Jame Tirmizi
18. Write down two means of preservation of the Holy
Qur'an.
Ans: i. writing ii. Acting upon iii. Learning by
Heart
19. Define Hadith e Taqreeri.
Ans: The actions performed before the Prophet (PBUH)
and he did not forbid them are called Hadith
Taqreeri.
20. Which was the first revelation? Write number of
verses and name of the Surah.
Ans: The first revelation contains the first 5 verses of
Surah Al Alaq.
21. Define Hadith-e-Qudsi.

Ans: The Hadith which Holy Prophet (PBUH)

related to Allah Almighty is called Hadith Qudsi.
22. What is Fatrat ul Wahee?
Ans: It means the gap between two revelations.
Islamiat Inter -217- Ch # 1
23. Write down the literal and figurative meanings of
Sunnah.
Ans: The word Sunnah means; the way or style and in
terms it is the way of Prophet (PBUH).
24. Write down the name of the compiler of Sahih
Bukhari and also mention the year of his death.
Ans: Imam Abou Abdullah Muhammad Bin Ismael
Bukhari and he died in 256 A.H.
25. What is meant by Surah and what is the total
number of Qur'anic Surahs?
Ans: Surah means a part or a fortress and these are 114
in number.
26. Write down the complete name of the compiler of
the Sahih Muslim.
Ans: Imam Muslim Bin Hajaj Qashiri.
27. On which Qiraat hazrat Usman (R.A) collected the
Holy Qur'an?
Ans: He collected the Qur'an on Qureshi style of reciting.
28. Who was appointed to compile the Holy Qur'an by
Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A)?
Ans: Hazrat Zaid bin Sabit R.A was appointed.
29. Who ordered the scholars to compile Hadiths?
Ans: Hazrat Omer Bin Abdul Aziz (R.A).
30. Write down the name of the compiler of Sunnan-e-
Abi Dawood.
Ans: Imam Abou Dawood Salman Bin Ashaas.
31. Define Asmaa al Rijal.
Ans: It is the knowledge about the narrators of Hadith.
Islamiat Inter -218- Ch # 1
32. On which the Holy Qur'an was written in the days
of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)?
Ans: The Holy Qur'an was written on Palm Leaves,
Wood, Leather and Slabs of stones.
33. Write down three types of Hadith.
Ans: i. Hadith Qouli ii. Hadith Faeli
iii. Hadith Taqreeri
34. Who is the compiler of Kitaab Al Aasaar?
Ans: Imam Abou Hanifa Noman, Bin Sabit is the
compiler of Kitaab Al-Aasaar.
35. Whose book is Al Mowata?
Ans: Al Mawata is the book of Hadith compiled by Imam
Malik Bin Anas.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. The honour in the light of Qur’an depends upon:
(A) Colour and Creed (B) Age
(C) Beauty (D) Piety
2. Before the announcement of Prophethood the
Prophet (PBUH) used to go to:
(A) Jabal e Rahmat (B) The cave of Saur
(C) The cave of Hira (D) Bait ul Maqdas
3. Annotated the Holy Qur’an:
(A) Abou Bakr
(B) The Prophet (PBUH)
(C) Hazrat Zaid (D) Hajaj Bin Yusuf
4. Ravi is:
Islamiat Inter -219- Ch # 1
(A) Narrator of Hadith (B) Learner of
Hadith
(C) Scribe of Hadith
(D) Translator of Hadith
5. The First book of Hadith is:
(A) Sahih Bukhari (B) Sahih
Muslim
(C) Jame Tirmizi
(D) Mautaa Imam Malik
6. Taba’i is:
(A) The follower
(B) The faithful companion of the Prophet
(PBUH)
(C) The Pious one
(D) The faithful being in the company of Sahahbi
7. Number of Makki Surahs is:
(A) 80 (B) 100
(C) 86 (D) 114
8. Name of Imam Shafa’I is:
(A) Muhammad Bin Ismael
(B) Nauman
(C) Muhammad Bin Idrees
(D) Anas
9. Hamam Bin Munaba was the pupil of:
(A) Hazrat Ali (B) Hazrat Sa’ad
(C) Hazrat Abu Huraira (D) Hazrat Abu Bakr
10. Bismillah comes twice in:
(A) Surah Al Naml (B) Surah Maryam
(C) Surah Tauba (D) Surah Jumma
Islamiat Inter -220- Ch # 1
11. Rijal means:
(A) Women (B) Men
(C) Slaves (D) Children
12. Sahifa Sadiqa was compiled by:
(A) Imam Bukhari
(B) Hazrat Abi Huraira
(C) Hazrat Abdullah Bin Amr
(D) Hazrat Haroon
13. Mother of Prophet PBUH was died at:
(A) Abwa (B) Madina
(C) Tai’f (D) Makka
14. Hazrat Jibrael used to come in the guise of:
(A) Hazrat Dahya Kalbi
(B) Hazrat Umer Farooq
(C) Hazrat Muaaz
(D) Hazrat Abbas
15. The Present order of the Qur’an is:
(A) Tauqifi (B) Nazuli
(C) Tofiqi (D) Tosifi
16. Battle against Muselma kadhab was:
(A) Mauta (B) Yamama
(C) Hunain (D) Tabuk
17. Compilation of Hadith began in the era of:
(A) Companions (B) Tabi’in
(C) Prophet(PBUH) (D) Banu Abbas
18. Number of Stations in the Holy Qur’an is:
(A) 114 (B) 7
(C) 14 (D) 10
19. Kitaab al Aasaar consists of the sayings of:
(A) Imam Abou Hanifa
Islamiat Inter -221- Ch # 1
(B) Imam Ahmad Bin Hanmbal
(C) Imam Shafa’i (D) Imam Malik
20. The poet of the Prophet (PBUH) was:
(A) Hazrat Usman
(B) Hazrat Saad Bin Abi Waqas
(C) Hazrat Hassan (D) Hazrat
Umer
21. The Holy Qur’an was revealed in the month of:
(A) Moharram (B) Shiwal
(C) Rabiul Awal (D) Ramadhan
22. Total number of Surahs in the Qur’an is:
(A) 114 (B) 110
(C) 30 (D) 14
23. Meaning of are:
(A) Straightforward talk (B) True talk
(C) Last Words (D) Clear Talk
24. means:
(A) I love (B) you Love
(C) I hate (D) I Become beloved

25. means:
(A) Rope of Allah (B) Order of Allah
(C) Hand of Allah (D) Will of
Allah

ANSWERS
1. D 2. C 3. D 4. A
5. D 6. D 7. C 8. C
9. C 10. A 11. B 12. C
13. A 14. A 15. A 16. B
Islamiat Inter -222- Ch # 1
17. A 18. B 19. A 20. C
21. D 22. A 23. A 24. D
25. A

DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Which are the names of Qur'an? Write down the
incident of the First revelation.
2. Write down the characteristics of Makki and Madni
Surahs.
3. Describe HUJATULWIDA in detail.
4. Write short note:
i. Preservation of The Holy Qur'an
ii. Order of the Holy Qur'an
iii. Ompilation of the Holy Qur'an in the era of
Abu Bakr (R.A)
iv. Style of Qur'an
5. Give meaning and definition of Hadith and what is
the religious status of Hadith?
6. Describe in detail the three phases of compilation of
Hadith.
7. Write down the names of Sihah Sitta with the names
of compilers and their death year.
8. Write down the names of Usool e Arba' with the
names of compilers and their death year.
