A Project Report of

Vishwakarma Yojana: An approach towards Rurbanization

(Phase III)

Village: Koth District: Ahmedabad

Gujarat Technological University,

Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Vishwakarma Government Engineering College Vishwakarma Yojana: Koth, Ahmedabad

PROJECT REPORT
ON

“Vishwakarma Yojana: Phase-III

An Approach towards Rurbanization
for
Koth Village, Ahmedabad District, Gujarat
Year: 2015-16

Prepared by

NAME ENROLLMENT NO

Nayan R. Kankadiya 120170109013

Nodal Officer:

Prof. K. B. Rathod,
Electrical Department,
Vishwakarma Government Engineering College
Chandkheda, Ahmedabad-382424

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL Vishwakarma Government Engineering

UNIVERSITY College,
2

Chandkheda, Ahmedabad – 382424 Chandkheda, Ahmedabad – 382424

Page

Gujarat Gujarat
heda, Ahmedabad – 382424
Gujarat
Gujarat Technological University, Gujarat
Vishwakarma Government Engineering College Vishwakarma Yojana: Koth, Ahmedabad

CONTENT

List of Content Page No.

1
Cover Page

Certificate 4
Acknowledgement 5
Abstract 6

Index 7
List of Figures 9
List of Tables 9

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Vishwakarma Government Engineering College Vishwakarma Yojana: Koth, Ahmedabad

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work entitled “Vishwakarma Yojana

Phase III (Village – Koth)” is the work done by

1. Nayan Kankadiya (120170109013)

Under my guidance in partial fulfilment of the degree of Bachelor of

Engineering in Electrical Engineering, of Gujarat Technological University,
Chandkheda, Ahmedabad during the academic year 2015-16.

_______________ ____________
Prof. S. P. SAPRE Prof. K. B. Rathod
(Head of Department) (Project Guide)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am highly indented to Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad for providing me such

opportunity to work under Vishwakarma Yojana to get real work experience and applying my
technical knowledge in the development of Villages.

I wish to express our deep sense of gratitude to Dr. Akshai Agrawal, Hon’ble Vice
Chancellor, Gujarat Technological University, for his encouragement and support during
project work. I express our sincere thanks to all the members of Department of Technical
Education for appreciating and acknowledging our work. Especially thanks to Registrar,
Gujarat Technological University and team of Gujarat Technological University for their
support during the project work.

I express my sincere thanks to DDO, TDO, Sarpanch and staff members of Koth village for
providing me with requisite data whenever I approached them. Especially my thanks are to
all villagers and stake holders for their support during Survey.

An act of gratitude is expressed to our guide Prof. K.B.Rathod, Nodal

Officer, Vishwakarma Government Engineering College, Chandkheda for their
invaluable guidance, constant inspiration and his actively involvement in my project work. I
therefore, take this opportunity for expressing mu deep gratitude and sincere thanks to them
without whose help and cooperation, it might not been possible for me to produce this project
work in the present form.

Nayan R. Kankadiya
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Vishwakarma Government Engineering College Vishwakarma Yojana: Koth, Ahmedabad

ABSTRACT

Today world is growing at a great rate and the living standards of society are improving due
to development in each and every field. Due to evolution of new technologies world
has become tiny. Ahmedabad is among the most developed city of Gujarat.

Koth is one of the village of Ahmedabad district. It is essential that development must be
indicated at village level for growth of the state and nation. The preliminary survey was carried
out and data has been collected to assure the problem of the village. It is observed that the
village is facing the problem and basic amenities like street light, energy efficient equipment
product along with lake of important facility like solid waste disposal and drainage facility. The
efforts are made to suggest the solution and design to tackle the problem and household
solution at preliminary level. It is also intended to carry out detailed survey for the betterment
of the village at large scale.

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INDEX

Sr. No. Chapter Page No.

1 Introduction 10
1.1 Introduction of Chapter
1.2 Study justification
1.3 Study Area
1.4 Objectives of the study
1.5 Scope of the Study
1.6 Methodology
2 Literature Review 13
2.1 Electricity in village
2.2 Government Norms (Rules & Regulations)
2.3 Issues identification
2.4 Approach So Far
3 Study Area Profile 18
3.1 Study Area Location
3.2 Physical & Demographical Growth
3.3 Brief history
3.4 Economic profile
3.5 Social scenario
3.6 Electricity infrastructure network
3.6.1. Available sources in village
(For house, irrigation, industry or other)
4 Data Analysis 23
4.1 General

4.2 Gap Analysis

4.3 Data Projection

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5 Planning Proposal 26

5.1 Design Selection

5.2 Design proposal

5.2.1 Sustainable Infrastructure Planning
6 Recommendation & Suggestions 40
7 Conclusion 41
8 Annexure 42
8.1 Survey Form
8.2 Photographs
Base map of Village with respect to electricity distribution
Figures

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List of Figures

Sr. No. Details Page No.

1 Methodology 12
2 Village Map 1 18
3 Village Map 2 18
4 Population 19
5 Electricity Distribution Map 22
6 Legend of Electricity Distribution Map 22

7 Solar Roof Top System 31

List of Tables

Sr. No. Details Page No.

1 Population 19

2 Power Consumption Detail in Panchayat 31

3 Design Parameter (Load don’t vary) 32

4 Design Parameter (Load vary) 32

5 Variation in Load (Monthly) 33,34,35

6 PV Module Specification 35
7 Battery Specification 36

8 Charge Controller Specification 37

9 Inverter Specification 37
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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction of Chapter

Around 70% of the State's population is living in rural areas. People in rural areas
should have the very same quality of life as is enjoyed by people living in sub urban
and urban areas. On account of poverty, unemployment, poor and inadequate
infrastructural facility has caused exodus of the rural people to urban. Hence,
created slum in these region consequently social and economic tension has resulted
in urban areas. Hence, rural Development which is concerned with economic growth
and social justice, improvement in the living standard of the rural people by providing
adequate and quality social services and minimum basic needs becomes essential.

The present strategy of rural development mainly focuses on provision of basic

amenities and infrastructure facilities through innovative program of wage and self-
employment. For economic improvement of local people the above goals will be
achieved by various program being implemented creating partnership with
communities, non-governmental organizations, community based organizations,
institutions.

The Government's policy and program have laid emphasis on poverty, generation of
employment and income opportunities and provision of infrastructure and basic
facilities to meet the needs of rural poor.

As a measure to strengthen the grass root level democracy, the Government is

constantly endeavouring to employ Panchayat Raj Institutions in terms of functions,
powers and finance.
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1.2 Study justification

The basic need of rural development program is to alleviate poverty and unemployment through
 Creation of basic social and economic infrastructure
 Provision of training to rural unemployed youth
 Providing employment to marginal Farmers/ Labourers.

By this Vishwakarma Yojana project government want technical solution of the problem of villages
at the engineering point of view. In this project the common problem of village are solved by the
engineering students.

1.3 Study Area

 Renewable Energy Source Planning

 Primary Energy Audit
 Energy Efficient Technology
 Design of small solar power plant

1.4 Objectives of the study

Rural development aims at improving rural people’s livelihoods in an equitable and sustainable
manner, both socially and environmentally, through better access to assets (natural, physical,
human, technological and social capital), and services, and control over productive capital (in its
financial or economic and political forms) that enable them to improve their livelihoods on a
sustainable and equitable basis.

Main objectives are,

 To suggest the suitable technical solution of problem.
 To suggest improvement of basic facility like solid waste management, drainage
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facility etc. and amenities like street light, solar roof top plant.
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1.5 Scope of the Study

 The study may lead to improvise the scope of region in various front.
 Improve living standard of rural people by helping them develop their skill and subsequently by
assisting them in implementing income generating activities in close coordination and
cooperation with national and international organizations.
 Improve the physical infrastructural facilities, social infrastructural facilities such
as public latrine blocks and garden.
 There is also no availability of non-conventional sources. The village is not so
developed at now and it is the main village of this Taluka, so it requires
development as soon as possible.

1.6 Methodology

Village

Literature Data
Review Collection

Data
Presentation

Available
Gap Analysis
Emenities

Design
Proposal

Recommendation Conclusion
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Figure 1
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2. Literature Survey

2.1 Electricity in village

Rural electrification is the process of bringing electrical power to villages and remote
village areas. Electricity is used not only for lighting and household purposes, but it
also uses for mechanization of many farming operations, such as threshing, milking,
and many other process. In areas facing labour shortages, this allows for greater
productivity at reduced cost

In December 2011, over 300 million Indian citizens had no access to frequent
electricity. Over one third of India's rural population lacked electricity, as did 6% of the
urban population. Of those who did have access to electricity in India, the supply was
intermittent and unreliable. States such as Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, etc. provide
continuous power supply.

India's Ministry of Power launched DeenDayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana

(DDUGJY) as one of its flagship programme in July 2015 with the objective of providing
round the clock power to the rural areas. It focuses on reforms in rural power sector
by separation of feeder lines (rural households & agricultural) and strengthening of
transmission and distribution infrastructure. The scheme for rural electrification viz.
Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) has been renamed in the new
scheme as its rural electrification component.

In Gujarat most of the village get 24/7 electricity supply. But, use of renewable
energy sources is very less.
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2.2 Government Norms (Rules & Regulations)

 The activities to be supported should lead to promotion of sustainable infrastructure

development in rural and agriculture & allied sector.
 The activities should include a component for documentation of experience during
implementation.
 Special push to North-East Regions including Sikkim, Eastern Region and Hilly
Himalayan States of Uttarkhand, Himachal Pradesh and J & K, for creation of
experimental/ promotional infrastructure as also for supporting all other activities.
 The experimental projects/activities to be supported should be prototypes of innovative
nature. Infrastructure assets created should result in improvement or generate
demand for other infrastructures of higher order.
 Under Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana, electricity distribution infrastructure
is conceive to establish Rural Electricity Distribution Backbone with at least a 33/11KV
sub-station, Village Electrification Infrastructure (VEI) with at least a Distribution
Transformer in a village or hamlet, and standalone grids with generation where grid
supply is not feasible.
 This infrastructure would cater to the requirements of agriculture and other activities
in rural areas including irrigation pump sets, small and medium industries, khadi and
village industries, cold chains, healthcare and education and IT. This would facilitate
overall rural development, employment generation and poverty alleviation.
 Subsidy towards total capital expenditure to the tune of 90% will be provided, through
Rural Electrification Corporation Limited, which is a nodal agency for implementation
of the scheme. Electrification of un-electrified Below Poverty Line households will be
financed with 100% capital subsidy at Rs1500/- per connection in all rural habitations.
 The Management of Rural Distribution is mandated through franchisees. The services
of Central Public Sector Undertakings (CPSU) are available to the States for assisting
them in the execution of Rural Electrification projects.
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2.3 Issues identification

 Availability of street lightning in village or rural area

 Availability of regulated power
 Requirement of electricity for farmers for pumping purpose
 Unawareness of villagers in saving electricity
 Incomplete coverage
 Faulty definition/ incomplete data
 Less enthusiastic approach by NGO’S
 Lack of improvement in technology
 No use of renewable energy resources

2.4 Approach So Far

 Kutir Jyoti Program

KJP was initiated in 1988-89 to provide single point light connection (60 w) to all Below
Poverty Line households in the country. KJP provides 100% grant for one time cost of
internal wiring and service connection charges and builds in a provison for 100%
metering for release of grants.The scheme was merged into the Accelerated
Electrification of One Lakh Villages and One Crore Households in May2004 and now
into the RGGVY.

 Accelerated Rural Electrification Program

The AREP operational since 2002, provides an interest subsidy of 4% to states for
rural electrification (RE) programs. The AREP covers electrification of un-electrified
villages and household electrification . The interest subsidy is available to state
governments and electricity utilities on loans availed from approved financial
institutions like the REC (Rural Electrification Corporation), PFC (Power Finance
Corporation) under the Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF).
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 Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojna (PMGY)

The PMGY launched in 2000-2001 provided additional financial assistance for

minimum services by the central government to all states on a 90% loan and 10%
grant basis. These included rural health, education, drinking water and rural
electrification. The PMGY with an outlay of about Rs.1600 crores during the 10th Plan
period was being coordinated and monitored by the Rural Development Division of the
Planning Commission. Under PMGY states had the flexibility to decide on the inter
reallocation of funds amongst the 6 basic services. Thus states could enhance
allocations to expedite the pace of rural electrification.

 Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana

It is earlier known as Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana.
Government of India, in April 2005, launched the scheme Rajiv Gandhi Grameen
vidyutikaran Yojana Scheme of Rural Electricity Infrastructure and Household
Electrification for electrification of un-electrified villages and providing access to
electricity to all rural households in the country, including electrification of un-electrified
habitat population of above 100, providing free electricity connections to BPL
households.

 The Remote Village Electrification Program

Since 2005, the RVE program of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energies
(MNRE) has been supplementing the efforts of the Ministry of Power (MoP) through
complementary measures for the provision of basic lighting/electricity facilities through
renewable energy sources. The Remote Village Electrification program (RVE) is
responsible for electrifying un-electrified remote census villages and remote un-
electrified hamlets of electrified census villages where grid connection is either not
feasible or not economical (because they are located in forests, hills, deserts or
islands) and where DDG projects are not implemented by the RGGVY of the Ministry
of power.
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 The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission

The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission was launched on 23 November 2009 in
a statement to Parliament by the Union Minister for New and Renewable Energies.
This mission is part of the 2008 Indian National Action Plan on Climate Change which
seeks to reduce India’s future reliance on non-renewable energy sources. The
National Solar Mission is a major initiative of the Government of India and State
Governments to promote ecologically sustainable growth while addressing India’s
energy security challenge. It will also constitute a major contribution by India to the
global effort to meet the challenges of climate change.

 Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation

The purpose of Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) is
to ensure that every household has access to a tap with assured supply of water and
a sewerage connection and increase the amenity price of cities by developing
greenery and well maintained open spaces and reduce pollution by switching to public
transport or constructing facilities for non-motorized transport (e.g. walking and
cycling).

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3. Study Area Profile

3.1 Study Area Location

Koth is 65 km away from Ahmedabad city. Dholka is the nearest town which is 20 km far
from village.

Figure 2

Figure 3
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3.2 Physical & Demographical Growth

 Its population is 10439 according to 2011 census.

 Total area of village is 4636.62 hector.
 Approximately 200 hector is the residential area.
 Village has 3 school and 1 PHC.
 Agriculture is the main occupation. Apart from this tourism also provides handsome
share in village economy.

Table 1

Sr. No. Census Population Male Female House Hold

1 2001 9382 4872 4510 1846
2 2011 10439 5453 4986 2173

Population
Male
Female

Female
48% Male
52%

Figure 4
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3.3 Brief history

 Koth is 65 km away from Ahmedabad city. Dholka is the nearest town which is 20 km
far from village. It is one of the big village of the Dholka Taluka.
 Koth is known for lord Ganesh's temple. It is main attraction of the village.
 Koth is old as “Harappa” culture. Archaeologist found some remaining of Harappa
culture in Koth village and Koth- Dhandhuka highway.
 During kingdom of Minal Devi and Siddhraj Jaysinh it was developed in well manner.

3.4 Economic profile

 Main business of village is agriculture. Koth has a market also. Several people of
village run shops and other basic necessary business for daily life like grocery shops,
garage, saloon electrical repairing etc.
 Due to Lord Ganesh Temple it has also income from tourism. Transportation and food
business run successfully and give employment to the many villages.

3.5 Social Scenario

 All the villagers lives with unity. Most of the villagers are from middle class.
 It has 3 school and one ITI is under construction. It has only one primary health centre.
It has 9 working ‘Aaganwadi’.
 It has poor drainage system. Cleanliness is required in the village.
 Most of the road are concrete road and some are pucca road.
 Enrolment ratio in the school is 100%.
 Some industries are also situated in Koth village, near highway.
 Population of women is 4% less than of men. 960 women per 1000 male.
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3.6 Electricity infrastructure network

3.6.1 Available sources in village (For house, irrigation, industry or other)

DGVCL provides electricity in the Koth, Village.

It also provides supply for irrigation and industry.

There is no street light.

Substation Detail

 One substation of 66 KV is at the village. Transformation ratio is 66/11 KV. IT uses

panther type conductors.
 Its capacity is 10 MVA.
 Maximum load in substation is 13.63 MVA. (Year 2012)

Renewable Energy Source

 No renewable energy sources in the village.

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Figure 5

Figure 6
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4. Data Analysis
4.1 General

It is a Technique for determining the steps to be taken in moving from current state to
desired future state. Gap Analysis is formal study of what village condition is currently
and where it wants to be in the future.

4.2 GAP Analysis

Vishwakarma Yojana: Phase III

Facilities Planning Village Name: Koth
Commission/UDPFI Population: 10439
Norms Existing Required Gap
as per
Norms
Social Infrastructure Facilities
Education
Anganwadi Each or Per 2500 12 4 8
population
Primary School Each Per 2500 population 2 4 -2
Secondary School Per 7,500 population 1 1 0
Higher Secondary Per 15,000 Population 1 0 1
School
College Per 125,000 Population 0 0 0
Tech. Training Per 100000 Population 0 0 0
Institute
Agriculture Per 100000 Population 0 0 0
Research Centre
Health Facility
Govt/Panchyat Each Village 1 1 0
Dispensary or Sub
PHC or Health
Centre
PHC & CHC Per 20,000 population 1 0 1
Child Welfare and Per 10,000 population 0 1 -1
Maternity Home
Hospital Per 100000 Population 0 0 0
Public Latrines 1 for 50 families (if toilet is 3 20 -17
not there in home, specially
for slum pockets & kutcha
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house)

Physical Infrastructure Facilities

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Transportation Adequate Inadequate

Pucca Village Each village Adequate
Approach Road
Bus/Auto Stand All Villages connected by 0 1 -1
provision PT (ST Bus or Auto)
Drinking Water (Minimum 70 lpcd) Adequate Inadequate
Over Head Tank 1/3 of Total Demand Adequate
U/G Sump 2/3 of Total Demand Adequate
Drainage Network Adequate Inadequate
open Adequate
cover Adequate
Waste Management System Inadequate
Electricity Network Adequate

Socio- Cultural Infrastructure Facilities

Community Hall Per 10000 Population 1 1 0
community hall Per 15000 Population 0 0 0
cum Public Library
Cremation Ground Per 20,000 population 0 0 0
Post Office Per 10,000 population 1 1 0
Gram Panchayat Each individual/group 1 1 0
Building panchayat
APMC Per 100000 Population 0 0 0
Fire Station Per 100000 Population 0 0 0
Public Garden Per village 0 1 -1
Police post Per 40,000Population 1 0 1

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4.3 Data Projection

Planning & Designing Amenities for Vishwakarma Yojana: Phase-III

(Part-II) from the GAP Analysis.
Amenities Village Name:Koth Amenities Designed by Institute.
Water Supply network
Repairing or Design of Water storage
tanks( U/G sump, overhead tank)
Drainage facility (Low cost sewrage
system, Root zone treatment, other)
Repair & Maintainance of village
Physical Infrastructure
approach road
Repair & Maintainance of Internal
road
Electricity Network and design Energy efficient building & stand alone solar plant
Waste management by bio gas plant,
Vermi composting , ZWM or any waste management by bio gas plant
other
Education facilites (Provision of
School building, repair and
maintainance)
Health facilites (Provision of Health
Social Infrastructure center, repair and maintainance)
Public toilet blocks with rain water
harvsting system and bio gas plant (at
Public toilet blocks
community level) / Ecosanitation/ Dry
toilet
Comunity hall cum public library Community hall
panchayat building (repair &
Repair of panchayat building
maintainance)
Socio Cultural Facilities bus stand (provision or repair &
Provision of bus stand
maintainance)
Park, Beautification of Pond &
recreation area development

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5 Planning Proposal

5.1 Design Selections

In this project I am working in a village on solar based power plant, so while

designing I have to study about solar components. Mainly there are four
components are used in any solar project.

1. Solar Panel

2. Battery

3. Inverter

4. Load

1. Solar Panel

Solar Panel refers to a panel designed to absorb the sun's rays as a source of energy
for generating electricity or heating.

A photovoltaic (in short PV) module is a packaged, connected assembly of typically

6×10 solar cells. Solar Photovoltaic panels constitute the solar array of a photovoltaic
system that generates and supplies solar electricity in commercial and residential
applications. Each module is rated by its DC output power under standard test
conditions, and typically ranges from 100 to 365 watts. The efficiency of a module
determines the area of a module given the same rated output – an 8% efficient 230
watt module will have twice the area of a 16% efficient 230 watt module. There are a
few solar panels available that are exceeding 19% efficiency.
A single solar module can produce only a limited amount of power; most installations
contain multiple modules. A photovoltaic system typically includes a panel or an array
of solar modules, a solar inverter, and sometimes a battery and/or solar tracker and
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interconnection wiring.
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There are three types of solar modules:

1. Monocrystalline

2. Polycrystalline

3. Thin film

Monocrystalline modules have efficiency about 16-20% whereas Polycrystalline

modules has 12-17% and thin film has 6-12%.

Polycrystalline modules occupy more space than Monocrystalline modules.

2. Battery

Deep-cycle, lead-acid batteries are widely used in renewable energy and grid-backup
system, and are ideally suited for these applications because of their long, reliable life
and low cost of ownership.

Deep cycle refers to the fact that in a solar power system, the battery will become
charged during a sunny day, then they may become almost fully discharged with use,
before they are again fully charged.

In stand-alone systems, the power generated by the solar panels is usually used to
charge a lead-acid battery. Other types of battery such as nickel-cadmium batteries
may be used, but the benefit of the lead-acid battery ensure that it is still the most
popular choice. A battery is composed of individual cells; each cell in a lead-acid
battery produces a voltage of about 2 Volts DC, so a 12 Volt battery needs 6 cells. The
capacity of a battery is measured in Ampere-hours.

Days of autonomy is another important aspect while selecting battery. This term refers
to the maximum days for which battery can supply power without being charged. In
India, 3 days are considered as standard days of autonomy.
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3. Inverter

A solar inverter, or PV inverter, or Solar converter, converts the variable direct current
(DC) output of a photovoltaic (PV) solar panel into a utility frequency alternating current
(AC) which can be given into a commercial electrical grid or used by a local, off-grid
electrical network. It is a critical BOS–component in a photovoltaic system, allowing
the use of ordinary AC-powered equipment. Solar inverters have special functions
adapted for use with photovoltaic arrays, including maximum power point tracking and
anti-islanding protection.

Solar inverters may be classified into three broad types:

Stand-alone inverters, used in isolated systems where the inverter draws its DC
energy from batteries charged by photovoltaic arrays. Many stand-alone inverters also
incorporate integral battery chargers to fill up again the battery from an AC source,
when available. Normally these do not interface in any way with the utility grid, and as
such, are not required to have anti-islanding protection.

Grid-tie inverters, which match phase with a utility-supplied sine wave. Grid-tie
inverters are designed to shut down automatically upon loss of utility supply, for safety
reasons. They do not provide backup power during utility outages.

Battery backup inverters, are special inverters which are designed to draw energy from
a battery, manage the battery charge via an on board charger, and export excess
energy to the utility grid. These inverters are capable of supplying AC energy to
selected loads during a utility outage, and are required to have anti-islanding
protection

Solar inverters use maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to get the maximum
possible power from the PV array.

There is another part in inverter known as charge controller.

A charge controller may be used to power DC equipment with solar panels. The charge
controller provides a regulated DC output and stores excess energy in a battery as
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well as monitoring the battery voltage to prevent under/ overcharging. More expensive
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units will also perform maximum power point tracking. An inverter can be connected
to the output of a charge controller to drive AC loads.

4. Load

The solar modules are connected directly to a load which is often a motor. Whenever
the sun is up and shining the motor will work. Unlike electronics a motor can take a
variable voltage and current input without being damaged. A solar powered fan is a
great example of this system type.

Another good example is a water pump. With a water pumping system, instead of
storing energy water is stored. For example, if a rancher is pumping water for cows,
the water is stored in a tank and that tank is used when needed to fill troughs for the
animals. With most modern water pumping systems there is another component
typically in the system between the solar array and the pump that controls the output
of the solar array to better optimize the pumps operation.

DC Loads connected to panels may be LED Street light.

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5.1 Design Proposals

5.2.1 Sustainable Infrastructure Planning

Design Steps for Solar Power PV Module

Benefits of Roof top PV

At national level,

 It reduces requirement of land for solar Power.

 It reduces need for additional transmission infrastructure

For consumers, it reduces

 The dependency on grid power.

 Mitigates diesel generator dependency.
 Long term reliable power source.

Most suitable for commercial establishments

 Max generation during peak usage time.

 Solar power cost is close to the commercial power cost.
 Solar power cost is fixed for 25 years.

As per the requirement of electricity in my village I propose a solar roof top plan
for the Panchayat building in my village.

Figure 10
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Calculations

A single solar module can produce only a fixed amount of power, most installations
contain multiple modules. A photovoltaic system typically includes a panel or an array
of solar modules, a solar inverter, and sometimes a battery.
As per our system requirement we select Monocrystalline PV module For Panchayat
building.

Determine power consumption demands

The first step in designing a solar PV system is to find out the total power and energy
consumption of all loads that need to be supplied by the solar PV system as follows:

Table 5

Component Number of rating Working hour

component
Ceiling fan 4 60W 7

LED Light 4 16W 7

Computer 1 150 7

LED BULB 1 5 1

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Design Parameter
(When Load Do not Vary)

PV Module 9 Parallel 115 Wp, 12 V

Inverter 1 600 W, 12 V
Battery 4 Parallel 390 Ah ,12 V
Charge 1 100 A, 12 V
Controller

When Load Vary

Equipment Quantity Rating

PV Module 7 Parallel 115 Wp, 12 V

Inverter 1 600 W, 12 V

Battery 4 Parallel 234 Ah ,12 V

Charge Controller 1 80 A, 12 V

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Variation in Load

JANUARY

EQUIPMENT NO. POWER USE ENRGY

(W/APP) (HR) (kWh/day)

Ceiling fan 4 60 2 480

LED Light 4 16 7 448
Computer 1 150 7 1050
LED BULB 1 5 1 5

1983

FEBRUARY
EQUIPMENT NO. POWER USE ENRGY
(W/APP) (kWh/day)
Ceiling fan 4 60 3 720

LED Light 4 16 7 448

Computer 1 150 7 1050

LED BULB 1 5 1 5

2223
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MARCH ,APRIL & MAY

EQUIPMENT NO. POWER USE ENRGY

(W/APP) (HR) (kWh/day)

Ceiling fan 4 60 7 1680

LED Light 4 16 4 256
Computer 1 150 7 1050
LED BULB 1 5 1 5

2991

JUNE
EQUIPMENT NO. POWER USE ENRGY
(W/APP) (HR) (kWh/day)

Ceiling fan 4 60 7 1680

LED Light 4 16 5 320
Computer 1 150 7 1050
LED BULB 1 5 1 5

3055

JULY, AUUGUST, SEP. & OCTOBER

EQUIPMENT NO. POWER USE ENRGY

(W/APP) (HR) (kWh/day)

Ceiling fan 4 60 7 1680

LED Light 4 16 7 448
Computer 1 150 7 1050
LED BULB 1 5 1 5

3183
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NOVEMBER & DECEMBER

EQUIPMENT NO. POWER USE ENRGY

(W/APP) (HR) (kWh/day)

Ceiling fan 4 60 2 480

LED Light 4 16 7 448
Computer 1 150 7 1050
LED BULB 1 5 1 5

1983

PV Module Specification

Size 0.527*1.723 (0.91 sq. meter)

No. Of Cell 30

Open Circuit Voltage 18.3 V

Short Circuit Current 8.3 A

Ref. Temp. 25 C

Max. Power Point Voltage 14.8 V

Max. Power 115.4 W

Efficiency 12.7 %
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Battery Specification

Size 5.52*0.22*0.27 meter cube

Type Lead – Acid

No. of Cells 6

Nominal Voltage 12 V

Nominal Capacity (at discharge rate of 10 234 Ah

hours)

Efficiency 97 %

Ref. Temp. 25 C
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Charge Controller Specification

Technology MPPT

Current 80 A

Voltage 12 V

Charging Threshold 13.5/13.1

Discharging Threshold 11.8/12.6

Efficiency 97 %

Solar Inverter Specification

Power 600 W
Input Voltage 12 V DC
Output 230 V AC
Efficiency 95 – 97 %
Frequency 50 Hz
Wave Form Pure Sine
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Costing

Equipment Price Range (INR)

115 W PV panel 6000*7=42000

600 W Inverter 6500

234 Ah– 12 V Battery 35000*4 = 1,40,000

80 A -12 V Charge Controller 9000

Cable 1000

Erection and Installation 5000

2,03,500

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6 Recommendation & Suggestions

 Implement the design of solar roof top plant and solar street light for streets of village.
 Use LED Street Lights in solar power based design.
 Use energy efficient equipment in public building i.e. LED lights, energy efficient fans,
electronic ballast tube lights, lighting voltage regulator etc.
 Try to utilise day light in Panchayat Bhavan, school and bank.
 Use small solar roof top plant in panchayat Bhavan.
 Keep maintenance of electrical equipment i.e. water pump and motor, AC, fan etc.
 Do regular energy audit of public building regularly. It will maintain the bill and
implementation of report may reduce bill.
 Redesign the Panchayat Bhavan and Bank if possible, so they can use daylight and
save energy during day time.
 Use solar power based irrigation system.
 Aware public about energy conservation and let them know about difference between
Less use of energy and energy conservation
 Aware about renewable energy sources and its importance in terms of environment.
Though, such kind of plant are costly initially, they are economic in long run and give
pollution free energy.

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7. Conclusion

As per challenges observed in rural area renewable measures are suggested.

Implementation of improvement will reduce problem in area and improve standard of
living of village people. This can be resulted in improving social and economic effect
of rural area and economy of the country. It will result in efficient use of
infrastructure. By caring out the Vishwakarma Yojana project work, I came to
know that if proper planning and guidance is provided youth can change the scenario
of village.

More use of solar based energy resources in home and small public utility building can
reduce carbon footprint of village as well as reduce electricity cost in long run.
Maximum use of day light in Panchayat Bhavan and bank can reduce electricity bill.
Awareness about energy efficient equipment is important thing in conservation of
energy. Aware village dwellers about solar based power though they are getting 24*7
electricity supply. Because, solar power is the future of electricity and in long time we
will have free energy with one time capital investment and proper maintenance.

Thus, use of renewable energy, energy efficient equipment and proper use of energy
can push Koth village towards “Rurbanization”.

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8.

Annexure
8.2 Photographs

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Base map of Village with respect to electricity distribution

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Figures

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