Religious consincence
Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia was a mix of polytheism, Christianity, Judaism, and Iranian
religions. Gods and goddesses were worshipped at local shrines. such as the Kaaba in Mecca.
Monotheism
They believe in the teachings of previous prophets and are waiting for the final prophet.
Polytheism
Before the rise of Islam, most tribes practiced polytheism. They believe that every non-human
entities (animals, plants, and inanimate objects or phenomena) possess a spiritual essence.
Judaism
Jews believe that God appointed the Jews to be his chosen people, they regards Hazrat Uzair
(AS) as the son of God.
Christianity
Christians regard Hazrat Isa (AS) as the son of God, Both religions also reject atheism and
polytheism.
Atheism
They are the extreme one, their believe in science and they rejects the exsistence of God.
Sabians
They are the star worshippers.
Belief in the one-ness of God.
Islam tells us that God, Who created the whole of universe, is One. His personal name is Allah.
The term has no plural gender, this shows it uniqueness as compared to the term “god” which
can be plural or feminine, goddess Islam considers associating any deity or personality with God
as a deadly sin, which God will never forgive, despite the fact that He may forgive all other sins
Belief in the Existence of a supreme being
To a Muslim Allah is the Almighty, Creator and Sustainer of the universe, Who is similar to
nothing and nothing is comparable to Him
Important attributes of God
God depends on none but everything else, which exists, dep ends on Him; neither has He
begotten any child nor is He Himself the child of anyone. He isthe first, and He is the Last.
Features of Makki Surah
86 surahs
Talks about oness of Allah
They refude Kufar
They talks about prayer
They talks about previous nations
They are shorter in length
Have discussion of unseen
Talks about faith
Features of Madani Surah
24 surahs
Talks about oness of Allah
They refude Kufar
They talks about prayer
They talks about previous nations
They are shorter in length
Have discussion of unseen
Talks about faith
Article of Faith
Allah, Angles, Revealed Books, Messanger/ Prophet, Day of Judgement, Faith, After Life.
Pillars of Islam
Namaz, Roza, Zaqqat, Hajj
Belief System
Aqeeda -e- Tauheed, Aqeeda-e-Risalat, Aqeeda-e-Akhirat
History of Quran
The Quran is core to Islam. It is guidance, comfort, beauty for the believing muslims. It is the last
testament in a series of devine revelations from GOD. It comprises the unaltered and direct words of
GOD, revealed throuh the Angel Gibrael, to the final Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) some 1400 years ago.
Quran was revealed at a time, when the Arabs excelled in oral poetry. Poetry competitions were held at
market place.
The Quran openly declared that Muhammad (pbuh) as unlettered. He was unable to read or write.
Muhammad (pbuh) recitations stunned its listeners. Many converted just by listening to it but many
refused to believe that the Quran is the word of GOD. There for od challenged them to prduce the rival
text. Offcourse the unable to do so.
Content of Quran
Quran is the GOD greatest book to the humanity. It is a book like no other it is not a history book a story
book or scientific book although it contains all the geners
Jurisdiction When you read Quran, there are certain verses who gives you order that
these are “Do’s and Don’t”.
Debates There are logical arguments in Quran
Signs, Creation and Attributes How universe was created ex: BigBang.
Histories, Stories, Reward, Punishment You will find stories of past Prophets their
nations and there are Surah’s in Quran on Prophets name.
Death and After Life The process of life and death, whats going to happened after life.
Revelation of Quran
When Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was around forty years of age he started to spend time in deep
reflection. According to his beloved wife Aisha (RA). He would go to the cave known as Hira to worship
the One God. One night during Ramadan an angel came to him and asked him to read. The angel then
related to him the first words of Quran “Recite”.
Revelation of Devine Inspiration
Aisha (RA), the wife of the Prophet Muhamamd (PBUH), narrates that when she asked him about how
the divine inspirations were revealed Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) replied, “Sometimes it is like the
ringing of a bell, this form of inspiration is the hardest of all. Sometimes the angel Jibrail appeared in the
disguise of Dahya Kalbi (the famous sahabi). Dhiya kalbi was the most beautiful person among all the
companion.
Preservation of Quran
Preserving the divine revelation was paramount; therefore trustworthy and knowledgeable people
memorised and wrote down the words of Quran. A man named Zayd ibn Thabit, who would be
instrumental in the preservation of Quran for the many generations to follow. Writing materials were
difficult to obtain and in these very early days portions of Quran were written onto animal skins, thin
light coloured stones, bones, and even bark.
Revealed books in Islam
Being Muslims, we are familiar to four Revealed books: i) The Taurah; ii) Psalms of David; iii)
The Bible & iv) The Holy Quran. These four books were revealed to four different prophets.
Taurah was revealed to Moses (PBUH); Psalms to David (PBUH); Bible to Jesus Christ (PBUH).
and The Holy Quran was revealed to Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
Compilation of Quran
The need for compilation of the Quran arose during the caliphate of Abu Bakr Siddiq (RA)
when several companions of the Prophet (PBUH), who had memorized the Quran, were
martyred in the battle of Yamama. That created a cause for concern for Muslims because the
loss of those companions also meant the loss of the Quranic content. As a result, Umar bin
Khattab (RA) suggested the idea of the compilation of the Quran to Abu Bakr Siddiq (RA), who
was hesitant at first, seeing as the Prophet (PBUH) himself had not taken any such measures
during the course of his life. However, upon recognizing the rising need of it, he appointed Zayd
ibn Thabit to supervise the project of compilation. Thus, the Quran was written during
Muhammad's lifetime, while its compilation was done during the caliphate of Abu Bakr and it
was copied during the caliphate of Uthman.
Causes of the decline of the Mughal Empire:
1. Wars of Succession:
The Mughals did not follow any law of each time a ruler died, a war of succession
between the brothers for the throne started. This weakened the Mughal Empire.
2. Aurangzeb’s Policies:
Aurangzeb failed to realise that the vast Mughal Empire depended on the willing
support of the people. He lost the support of the Rajputs who had contributed greatly to
the strength of the Empire. The wars with the Sikhs, the Marathas, the Jats and the
Rajputs had drained the resources of the Mughal Empire.
3. Empty Treasury:
Shah Jahan’s zeal for construction had depleted the treasury. Aurangzeb’s long wars in
the south had further drained the exchequer.
4. Invasions:
Foreign invasions sapped the remaining strength of the Mughals.The invasions of Nadir
Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali resulted in further drainage of wealth. These invasions
shook the stability of the empire.
Sufi Movement
The Ulema and sufis played a dominant role in preservation of Islam in India. In the
cities the ulema were the custodians(protector) of the religion. In the remote(far-off)
places the sufis played an important role. The sufis preserved the inner spirit of Islam
among the Muslims. They also mixed up with the masses of low caste Hindus.
Shaikh Ahmad Sarhindi
He was commonly known Mujadid-e-Alfsani which means reformer of second
millennium.
Services: Mughal emperor Akbar had promulgated(introduce) Deen-e-Illahi in place of
Islam.After his death emperor Jehangir sat on the throne.
Shaikh Ahmed Sarhindi wrote letters to Jehangir and his nobleman refuting (disproving)
the Deen-e-Illahi and asking them to follow Islam. Jehangir was misguided by his
advisers and he imprisoned the Shaikh. In jail all the fellow prisoners were grealty
impressed by Shaikh Sarhindi and hundreds of non-Muslim prisoners embraced Islam.At
last emperor Jehangir felt sorry and released Shaikh Ahmad. He also requested the
Shaikh to meet him after maghrib everyday. The Shaikh in these meetings talked about
religious affairs.
Shah Waliullahs
Shah Waliullahs father Shah Abdur Rahim was a saint and a great scholar. He had
opened a big Madrassah named Madrssah Rahimia Shah Waliullah was educated in this
Madrassah where his father was teaching. For higher studies he went to Madina.
He believed that by simply reading Quran in Arabic people cannot understand the
message of Allah which is a complete code of life. He therefore translated Quran in
Persian which was the national language of India at that time. His two sons translated
the Quran in Urdu.
