Contents

Chapter Page
SCADA Master Plan Executive Summary ............................................................................... ES-1
Introduction........................................................................................................................ES-1
Recommendations .............................................................................................................ES-1
Existing Facility Control Systems....................................................................................ES-2
Network Architecture .......................................................................................................ES-2
Collection System Network ................................................................................ES-3
WWTP Networks .................................................................................................ES-3
Operations Data/Control Center and Operations Network..........................ES-3
Business Network.................................................................................................ES-4
Implementation..................................................................................................................ES-4

1 Alternatives Evaluation and Recommendations .......................................................... 1-1

1.1 Introduction............................................................................................................. 1-1
1.2 Recommendations .................................................................................................. 1-1
1.2.1 Controllers ................................................................................................. 1-1
1.2.2 Collection System Communications Recommendations .................... 1-2
1.2.3 WWTP Communications Recommendations ....................................... 1-2
1.2.4 Operations Data Collection Network Communications
Recommendations .................................................................................... 1-2
1.2.5 Local Operator Interface .......................................................................... 1-2
1.2.6 Collection System Control Center Recommendation.......................... 1-3
1.2.7 WWTP Control Center Recommendation............................................. 1-3
1.2.8 Operations Data/Control Center Recommendation ........................... 1-4
1.3 Evaluation................................................................................................................ 1-5
1.3.1 Controllers ................................................................................................. 1-5
1.3.2 Collection System Communications Evaluation.................................. 1-9
1.3.3 WWTP Communication Evaluation .................................................... 1-12
1.3.4 Operations Data Network Communication Evaluation ................... 1-12
1.3.5 Local Operator Interface Evaluation.................................................... 1-12
1.3.6 Collection System Control Center Evaluation.................................... 1-13
1.3.7 WWTP Control Center Evaluation....................................................... 1-14

2 Implementation Plan ......................................................................................................... 2-1

2.1 Introduction............................................................................................................. 2-1
2.2 Recommendations .................................................................................................. 2-1
2.3 Design Criteria ........................................................................................................ 2-2
2.4 Standard Pump Station Design Documents ....................................................... 2-2
2.5 Procurement ............................................................................................................ 2-2
2.5.1 Collection System Request for Proposals Content............................... 2-2

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 CONTENTS, CONTINUED

Chapter Page
2.5.2 Collection System RFP Scope of Work .................................................. 2-3
2.5.3 WWTP Request for Proposals Content.................................................. 2-3
2.5.4 WWTP RFP Scope of Work ..................................................................... 2-3

Appendixes
A Block Diagrams
B Design Criteria
C Pump Station Facility Design Criteria
D WWTP Facility Design Criteria
E Pump Station Design Spreadsheet
F WWTP Design Spreadsheet
G Standard Loop Specifications

Exhibit
1-1 Controller Comparison.......................................................................................................1-5
1-2 Communication Alternatives Comparison ...................................................................1-10

2-1 SCADA Life-Cycle Cost Considerations..........................................................................2-1

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Acronyms and Abbreviations

API Application Programming Interface

CDMA/FDD Code Division Multiple Access with Frequency Division Duplex
COTS commercial off-the-shelf
C-P City of Baton Rouge/Parish of East Baton Rouge
DCS Distributed Control System
DCS distributed control system
DPW Department of Public Works
ETL Extract, Transform and Load
FES Fixed-End Service
HMI Human Machine Interface
I/O input/output
IP Internet Protocol
KVM Keyboard, Video Mouse
LCD liquid crystal display
LED light emitting diode
mpbs million bits per second
MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching
MS-ADO Microsoft ActiveX Directory Objects
NAT Network Address Translation
NTG Network Technology Group
PLC programmable logic controller
RFP request for proposal
RSS received signal strength
SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
VPN Virtual Private Network
WiMAX Wireless Mobile Access
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
WWTP wastewater treatment plant

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SCADA Master Plan Executive Summary

Introduction
The City of Baton Rouge/East Baton Rouge Parish (C-P) Department of Public Works
(DPW) requires an integrated Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system
that provides for monitoring and control of each wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) as
well as the collection system. The SCADA system will provide management and operational
access to data for all facilities to meet the needs of facility operations and maintenance staff,
managers, and engineers.
DPW operates a network of more than 400 wastewater collection system pump stations, as
well as three primary and five small WWTPs. The number of collection system pump
stations continues to grow each year, which increases the need for a SCADA system that
will improve operations and maintenance effectiveness and efficiency. The SCADA system
is also needed for use in collecting operations and maintenance information and in
responding to emergencies for all facilities.

Recommendations
For the collection system, CH2M HILL recommends creating a SCADA system that utilizes
programmable logic controllers (PLCs) at the pump stations for local and remote control
and monitoring. CH2M HILL also recommends incorporating the five small WWTPs into
the collection system SCADA system. This recommendation would involve construction of
a secure Collection System Control Center in a DPW facility supported by a secure wireless
communications network, and a connection to the DPW Operations Network. The wireless
network is needed to support communications between the control center, pump stations,
and mobile laptop workstations used by operations and maintenance staff.
As part of the SCADA Master Plan, CH2M HILL also recommends constructing:

• A new control systems at each of the three primary WWTPs to a common network
topology and Distributed Control System (DCS)

• A secure control center at each plant supported by a secure communications network

that both provides high-speed communications for both plant DCS and WWTP
operation personnel anywhere on the DPW Operations Network

• A secure, central Operations Data/Control Center that provides high-speed

communications with plant and collection system control centers
The Operations Data/Control Center will collect, reduce, and archive measurements, alarms
and, status information for use by operators, managers, and engineers. The data center will
also include an information server that allows managers and engineers to view process
graphics and to generate reports using the DCS manufacturer’s visualization application

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 SCADA MASTER PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

software product installed on their business network workstations. The Operations

Data/Control Center can be utilized for centralized control of the system, if it is so desired,
once the collection system and individual WWTP control centers are in place.

Existing Facility Control Systems

DPW has two existing collection system SCADA systems, as well as a stand-alone SCADA
system at each of the three primary WWTPs. The two collection system SCADA systems
combine to provide monitoring and limited control to 51 of the more than 400 pump
stations in the collection system. None of these existing systems are interconnected in any
way. Appendix A includes a simplified block diagram for the three primary plants and the
newer collection system SCADA systems.
The older of the collection system SCADA systems shares a licensed radio system with public
safety, DPW, and other C-P mobile voice users. Originally, this older system provided
monitoring and limited control of 51 pump stations, and has a mix of Aquatrol, Tesco Liquid
4, and Tesco Liquid 5 PLCs. Communications in this system have been unreliable. The system
also has fallen into disrepair and is used occasionally for a few of the 51 pump stations
originally served. Spare parts are also no longer available for the Aquatrol PLCs.
The newer collection system SCADA system provides monitoring and limited control of 14
pump stations. The newer system was installed as part of a project to upgrade the existing
older collection system SCADA system. The 14 pump stations incorporated into this system
are the 13 booster pump stations that did not require replacement control panels, along with
Pump Station No. 3, which was added as an emergency repair to bring that station back on-
line after a failure. This project has been suspended and is being revisited at this time, as
discussed below.
The newer collection system SCADA system uses Verizon digital cellular links to the
Internet for communications between the 14 pump stations and the Human Machine
Interface (HMI) data and web server at the Network Technology Group’s (NTG’s) Baton
Rouge data center. Browser connections over the Internet to the HMI web server are used to
support HMI workstations. Additionally, critical alarms are forwarded from the HMI server
to pump station supervisors’ cell phones.
The C-P is also in the process of upgrading the radio system to newer technology. It is
possible that the new radio system may be able to provide reliable timely communications
to at least some pump stations.
Each of the three primary WWTPs has a standalone SCADA system composed of a pair of
HMI workstations connected to a network of PLCs over a proprietary PLC copper wireline
bus network. All of these systems are out-of-date and are not functioning at this time.

Network Architecture
The proposed SCADA system is composed of the following five components including:
1. Collection System Network
2. WWTP Networks

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 SCADA MASTER PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

3. Operations Network
4. Operations Data/Control Center
5. Existing Business Network
Appendix A includes a simplified block diagram for the proposed network, and a
discussion of all components follows.

Collection System Network

The collection system SCADA system will be used by collection system operators to monitor
and exercise control of collection pump stations in accordance with pump station design
criteria. The monitoring and control system includes the following major components:

• PLCs at each pump station to provide autonomous local automatic control and to
communicate with servers on the Collection System Process Control Network.

• A Collection System Process Control Network housed in an air conditioned

environment with security measures that limit access to HMI servers and network
appliances. The process control network collects collection system data and allows
mobile collection system operators to monitor and exercise control of collection system
pump stations without having to visit each pump station. Additionally, diagnostic
information presented to operators can be used to prioritize maintenance activities and
to plan preventive maintenance. An example of where control can be used is to pump
down certain collection system pump stations in advance of a significant wet weather
event to reduce the peak flows that will be experienced at the WWTPs during the wet
weather event.

• A wireless communications network to provide reliable communications between the

pump stations and the process control network. It is recommended that wireless
communications be accomplished by a digital cellular network at this time.

WWTP Networks
Each WWTP Process Control Network will be used by WWTP operators to monitor and
control WWTP process equipment in accordance with operations procedures. WWTP
networks include the following major components:

• A WWTP Process Control Network housed in an air conditioned environment at each

WWTP with security measures that limit access to network appliances, DCS servers, and
workstation computers. The process control network connects DCS system components,
collects WWTP data and allows WWTP operators to monitor and control WWTP process
equipment. Additionally, diagnostic information presented to operators can be used to
prioritize maintenance activities and to plan preventive maintenance.

• A fiber optic Fast Ethernet local area network (LAN) to provide reliable communications
between DCS controllers and the process control network.

Operations Data/Control Center and Operations Network

An Operations Data/Control Center is required to provide central collection, storage, and
processing of operations data from WWTPs and the collection system. The Operations

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 SCADA MASTER PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Data/Control Center’s applications provide easy access to data for managers and engineers
to support a number of activities, including regulatory reporting, management oversight,
collection system and treatment capacity and quality analysis, and improvements planning.
In the future, centralized control of the collection system and WWTPs can be accomplished
at the Operations Data/Control Center.
CH2M HILL recommends locating the Operations Data/Control Center on a separate
network from both the Business Network and the Process Control Networks to provide
isolation between the networks. By isolating the networks, the availability and integrity of
both the Operations Data Center and the Process Control Networks are improved.
The Operations Network provides reliable communications between each of the four
Process Control Networks and the Operations Data Center. This network will be
implemented using leased lines and digital data services provided by the local telephone
company. The firewall in the Operations Data Center controls traffic between the three
connected networks and serves to “protect” the Operations Network, while still allowing for
future centralized control at the Operations Data/Control Center.
Users connected to the Operations Network have credentials-limited remote monitoring and
control access to any of the three WWTPs and the Collection System. Credential limitations
are used to manage access to prevent unauthorized persons from adjusting parameters,
such as chemical flows at a particular WWTP. Centralized control of the entire system can
be accomplished via the Operations Network, if desired in the future.
Users connected to the Business Network are subject to the same credential limitations and
must also use a virtual private network (VPN) connection through the firewall for direct
monitoring and control. However, operations information is available to Business Network
users directly from servers in the Operations Data Center.

Business Network
The Business Network is an existing network that supports utility management and
engineering activities. The DCS manufacturer’s visualization application software product
installed on existing Business Network user workstations will provide access to the
operations information stored in the Operations Data Center and provide easy access to
operations data for managers and engineers, supporting a number of activities, including
regulatory reporting, management oversight, collection and treatment capacity and quality
analysis, and improvements planning.

Implementation
In order to implement the recommendations, a request for proposal (RFP) process is
recommended. A total of two RFPs are recommended: one for the collection system and one
for all three major WWTPs.
The collection system RFP would be used to select a collection system provider that would
build the Collection System Control Center and the communications network connections,
thereby completing the Collection System SCADA system and encompassing the design,
installation, and maintenance of the collection system SCADA system for 5-years. Design

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 SCADA MASTER PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

criteria included with the RFP, and, therefore, included in price proposals received, will
require that the communications network and control center delivered be capable of
accepting controllers for the existing pump stations that are not to be replaced in the SSO
program. The cost proposal portion of the RFP will only include pump station controllers
for the pump stations that are being replaced as part of the SSO program, since these will be
the only pump stations defined at the time that the RFP is written. Costs for purchasing,
installation, and incorporation of future pump station controllers (including those at
existing stations that are not included in the SSO program) can be added to the contract at
the time they are needed. The RFP will be written for a 5-year period, with the option for
renewal.
A separate WWTP RFP will be written based on a specific DCS that encompasses the design,
installation, and maintenance of the WWTP SCADA system for all three primary WWTPs.
Proposals received in response to this RFP, including costs, will include all elements and
allow the provider to be selected based on a combination of performance and cost
information. The RFP will be written for a five year period, with the option for renewal.
Continuing and long-term support of the SCADA system is recommended to promote
accurate, responsive, and reliable SCADA system performance and to maintain a viable
SCADA system as technology continues to rapidly evolve. Including periodic major
upgrades, migration to newer hardware and software, as well as routine preventive
maintenance and software update installation work in support contracts is recommended.

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CHAPTER 1

Alternatives Evaluation and Recommendations

1.1 Introduction
Several alternatives were evaluated for the entire Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
(SCADA) system. Evaluations included controllers, communications, and control centers for
the collection system, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and for the overall SCADA
system as follows.
• A total of eight programmable logic controllers (PLCs) from five manufacturers and one
Distributed Control System (DCS) were evaluated for pump stations and WWTPs. The
evaluation that follows focuses on differences between evaluated options with a
discussion of common features.

• A total of nine different communication alternatives were considered for the collection
system, WWTPs, and the DPW operations network. The evaluation discussed in the
following sections outlines several options for communications that were considered for
this SCADA Master Plan.

• Local operator interfaces were also evaluated. Local operator interfaces allow operations
and maintenance staff to view process variables, as well as view and adjust setpoints
and other adjustable parameters at either the pump station or at selected locations
within the WWTP.
The pump station control center will house the computer servers that collect information
from pump station PLCs, advise mobile operations and maintenance staff of problems
requiring attention, transmit data to historian servers, and support graphical, interactive
HMI displays on mobile laptop workstations.
The WWTP control centers will house the DCS computer servers and workstation
computers that collect information from DCS controllers. The control centers will also
advise mobile operations and maintenance staff of problems requiring attention, transmit
data to historian servers, and support graphical, interactive DCS workstation displays.
An Operations Data/Control Center will be utilized to house historical database servers that
will collect operations data from treatment facilities and the collection system and place it in a
database. This operations data/control center can also be utilized in the future if centralized
control of the collection system and WWTPs is desired. The database servers should be housed
in a separate room of the operations data/control center for security purposes.

1.2 Recommendations
1.2.1 Controllers
Controller recommendations include:

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1. Continued use of the Tesco L2000 PLC that is currently in use at the pump stations.
2. Installation of the Emerson Ovation DCS at each of the three primary WWTPs.
The method for evaluating the controllers follows.

1.2.2 Collection System Communications Recommendations

Assuming the ownership and upgrading of the Verizon network service contract and
conversion to Ethernet using Internet Protocol (IP) is recommended. Recommended Verizon
network improvements include conversion to a Fixed-End Service (FES), Code Division
Multiple Access with Frequency Division Duplex (CDMA/FDD) radio technology, and
Ethernet digital cellular interfaces capable of providing Network Address Translation
(NAT) and supporting Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections.
The Ethernet interface is ubiquitous, very flexible, supports routing over networks, and can
use combinations of a broad range of communications alternatives. Assuming ownership
and upgrading of the Verizon network service contract will ease obtaining the benefits of
state government rates.
Other advantages of the Ethernet interface include scalability, flexibility, and life-cycle cost
effectiveness. Scalability will allow the network to grow as required to incorporate future
anticipated pump stations and, if desired, integrate with the WWTP network. Flexibility will
reduce the risk of wholesale network replacement, allow the communication network to
adapt to technological improvements, and allow DPW to use several communication
technologies in combination or to migrate the network from one communication technology
to others. Life-cycle cost effectiveness can be achieved by including life-cycle costs when
selecting communications alternatives.

1.2.3 WWTP Communications Recommendations

As shown on the block diagram in Appendix A, the recommended network topology for
each primary WWTP is a redundant fiber optic Ethernet star using Internet Protocol (IP)
that provides continued operation after failure of a single link or switch. This method of
communication is the only method available at this time for the recommended Emerson
Ovation DCS.

1.2.4 Operations Data Collection Network Communications Recommendations

As shown on the block diagram in Appendix A, the recommended operations data
collection network service is digital wireline supporting IP protocol. The planned initial data
rate is 1.5 million bits per second (Mbps) using a service such as Multi-Protocol Label
Switching (MPLS). Advantages of this interface include scalability, flexibility, and life-cycle
cost effectiveness.

1.2.5 Local Operator Interface

For pump stations, two local operator interfaces were considered: liquid crystal display
(LCD) and light emitting diode (LED). Because DPW has experienced reliability problems
with the LCD displays, and the LED type displays provide an adequate operator interface,
the LED type operator interface is recommended for the pump stations. The small Tesco
LED operator interface requires no configuration and is well suited to use with the
recommended Tesco L2000 pump station controller.

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For the WWTPs, panel-mounted, industrially-hardened, corrosion-resistant, touch-screen

LCD display terminals, which can run MS Windows, are recommended. These local
operator interfaces would be located at each DCS controller.

1.2.6 Collection System Control Center Recommendation

Housing the control center in an environmentally-controlled space with physical access
restricted and monitored is recommended. The physical location is only limited by the
requirement that the control center have reliable power and access to reliable digital data
telephone service.
Adding mobile laptop computer workstations to the Verizon digital wireless network is
recommended to provide mobile operators with full human-machine interface (HMI) access
to monitor collection system performance, investigate alarms, and make trouble response
decisions. Like the pump stations, the laptops would use the Verizon private network and
would not have Internet access. The same level of access would also be available any
workstation on the operations data collection network where the HMI client is installed.
DPW is currently using Indusoft HMI application for process monitoring and control.
Continued use of Indusoft with upgrades to extend alarm messaging capabilities is
recommended.
As shown in the block diagram in Appendix A, redundant servers are recommended.
Expanding existing alarm messaging capabilities to provide voice notification to on-duty or
on-call operators and maintenance staff members is recommended.
A separate historical data collection server was included at the Network Technology Group
(NTG) data center in existing pump station SCADA system. Upgrading the existing server
and adding a DCS workstation to collect and transport collection system historical data to
the operations data/control center is recommended. The upgrades will allow the data/
control center to support the mobile laptops and to ease business network access and use.

1.2.7 WWTP Control Center Recommendation

As shown in the block diagram in Appendix A, providing separate control centers and
control rooms at each of the primary WWTPs is recommended. Locating the control center
in an environmentally-controlled space with physical access restricted and monitored is also
recommended. Control centers will house workstation and server computers. A separate
environmentally-controlled control room housing workstation operator interfaces is also
recommended. Each operator interface will include a keyboard, video display, mouse and
speakers connected to the workstation computer in the control center using a single
Category 6 cable and a pair of Keyboard, Video Mouse (KVM) extenders. Separation of the
operator interface from the workstation computer is recommended to limit access to
computer media drives and communications ports. The control center and control room for
each of the three WWTP should be located in close proximity to each other on the WWTP
site, and in a location with reliable power and access to reliable digital data wireline
telephone service.
Multiple workstations and redundant servers are recommended at each WWTP control
center to improve reliability and ease upgrades and patches. Providing alarm messaging

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 CHAPTER 1. ALTERNATIVES EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

capabilities to provide voice notification to roving operations and maintenance staff of

alarms is also recommended to reduce the need for requiring personnel to be physically
located in each WWTP control center.
Combining treatment plant historical data collection with collection system historical data at
a common Operations Data/Control Center is recommended to ease maintenance, access
and use.

1.2.8 Operations Data/Control Center Recommendation

As shown in the block diagram in Appendix A, providing separate central data center with
provisions for a future central control center is recommended. Locating the data center in an
environmentally-controlled space with physical access restricted and monitored is also
recommended. The data center will house historical database and information servers, as
well as future control center workstations. A separate future environmentally-controlled
central control center housing workstation operator interfaces is also recommended. Each
operator interface will include a keyboard, video display, mouse and speakers connected to
the workstation computer in the data center using a single Category 6 cable and a pair of
KVM extenders. Separation of the operator interface from the workstation computer is
recommended to limit access to computer media drives and communications ports. The
control center and control room should be located in close proximity to each other, and in a
location with reliable power and access to reliable digital data wireline telephone service
At WWTPs, historian redundant scanners running on two of the DCS workstations are
recommended to collect historical data and transport it to the historian. Adding a single
DCS workstation at the collection system control center is recommended to collect and
transfer collection system historical data to the historian. Currently, the DCS applications
cannot support the mobile laptops recommended for the pump station monitoring and
control. In the future, it may be possible to phase out the Indusoft software and use DCS
applications to support the mobile laptops. However, at this time, maintaining the Indusoft
servers for support of the wireless laptop is recommended.
Historical data can be transferred from the historical database to the existing DPW Oracle
database. The method and complexity of data transfer between the historical database and
the Oracle database depends on the volume of data being transferred. There are two
possible methods of transferring data: Extract, Transform and Load (ETL) tools or custom
programming. Custom programming would either use either the historian’s Application
Programming Interface (API) and the Microsoft ActiveX Directory Objects (MS-ADO). ETL
tools can be expensive, but should be evaluated further during implementation after a
decision has been reached on the volume of data to be transferred.
As shown in the block diagram in Appendix A, locating the operations data/control center
on a separate network with controlled access from both the DPW Business Network and the
collection system and WWTP process control networks is recommended to provide practical
but effective isolation between the operations network and the business network, thereby
improving the availability and integrity of both the Operations Data/Control Center and the
process control networks.

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1.3 Evaluation
1.3.1 Controllers
Table 1-1 shows the comparison of the eight controllers that were evaluated as part of this
SCADA Master Plan. As shown in Table 1-1, three of the PLC manufacturers (Allen-Bradley,
Modicon and Siemens) share a large portion of the United States PLC market, while two
other manufacturers (Tesco and Emerson) have a much smaller market share. The Tesco
L2000 controller is included because it is well suited for pump station applications and
because it is currently being used successfully by DPW. Two Emerson controllers, the
Bristol Babcock ControlWave PLC and the Ovation DCS, are also included because
ControlWave PLCs are well suited as pump station controllers, and the Ovation DCS is well
suited to treatment plant control.
All of the controller products evaluated except for the Tesco L2000, Emerson ControlWave
PLC and Emerson Ovation DCS are commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products. The Tesco
and Emerson products are only available from the manufacturer and are more sensitive to
manufacturer’s decisions on pricing increases and availability limitations than the other
products, due to the dependence of the entire SCADA system on these products. However,
Tesco and Emerson, as well as their products being evaluated here, have been available and
supported for several decades, and they both have built up loyal customer bases. There is no
reason to suspect that any of that will change, so the recommendation to continue using the
Tesco L2000 for pump stations and to adopt the Emerson Ovation DCS for WWTPs was not
affected by the possibility of limited availability or price increases.

TABLE 1-1
Controller Comparison
Monitoring Operator
Controller Environmental & Control Communications Interface +/-
Allen-Bradley Suitable for Full-featured Ethernet & Async. Wide High cost (-)
Compact- industrial Serial selection
Logix with environment Supports 4 available Large Market Share (+)
PanelViewPlus of the 3rd party
140 degrees F IEC61131-3 MODBUS Can Redundancy only with
400 Operator ControlLogix PAC
Interface languages modules avail. significantly
increase CPUs (-)
Modular Native CIP cost
protocol Separate terminal
blocks (+)
Not hot swappable
modules (-)
Allen-Bradley Suitable for Full-featured Ethernet & Async. Graphical High Cost (-)
ControlLogix industrial Serial HMI RSView
environment Supports 4 Large Market Share (+)
of the 3rd party Can use 3rd
140 degrees F IEC61131-3 MODBUS party HMI’s Redundancy (+)
languages modules avail. Hot swappable
Modular Native CIP modules (+)
protocol Separate terminal
blocks (+)

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 CHAPTER 1. ALTERNATIVES EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

TABLE 1-1
Controller Comparison
Monitoring Operator
Controller Environmental & Control Communications Interface +/-
Emerson Suitable for ControlWave Ethernet Maple Medium cost (+/-)
Control Wave industrial Designer is Systems
with Maple environment fully IEC BSAP Protocol Small market share (-)
Systems, INC 61131-3 6 options,
158 degrees F Modbus, non- Redudancy, but CPUs
graphic compliant in the same rack (+/-)
operator DFI, graphical
interface Hot swappable
CIP modules (+)
DNP3 Separate terminal
blocks (+)
Emerson Suitable for IEC 61131-3 Ovation Network Proprietary High cost (-)
Ovation industrial Compliant Plant wide
environment Ethernet graphical Small market share (-)
Modbus interface Redundancy (+)
50 degrees C
(112 F) DNP3 Hot swappable
modules (+)
Separate terminal
blocks (+)
Windows or Unix based
system available (+)
Modicon M340 Suitable for Full-featured Ethernet & Async. Wide Medium cost (-)
with Magelis industrial Serial selection
XBTGT11 environment Modular available Large market share (-)
Operator Native MODBUS
140 degrees F Full IEC & MODBUS TCP Can Only with Quantum
Interface 61131-3 CPUs (-)
significantly
capability CIP module increase
planned Not hot swappable
cost modules (-)
Separate terminal
blocks (+)
Modicon Suitable for Conforms to Ethernet & Async. Graphical High cost (-)
Quantum industrial IEC 61131-3 Serial HMI Citect
environment Large market share (+)
Full-featured Native MODBUS Can use 3rd
140 degrees F & MODBUS TCP party HMI’s Redundancy (+)
Modular
Modbus plus Hot swappable
modules (+)
Separate terminal
blocks (+)
Siemens S7- Suitable for Full-featured Ethernet & Async. Wide Medium cost (+/-)
300 industrial Serial selection
environment Modular available Large market share (+)
PROFIBUS
140 degrees F Full IEC Graphical Redundancy only with
61131-3 PROFINET HMI WinCC S7-400 Series (-)
capability
Modbus RTU Can use 3rd Not hot swappable
function block party HMI’s modules (-)
Separate terminal
blocks (+)

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TABLE 1-1
Controller Comparison
Monitoring Operator
Controller Environmental & Control Communications Interface +/-
Tesco L2000 Suitable for Full-featured Dual Ethernet & Two sizes of Medium cost (+/-)
industrial Async Serial Tesco
environment Using IEC Operator Small market share (-)
61131-3 Native MODBUS Interface
200 degrees F reduces RTU Not redundant (-)
Available
capability Hot swappable
Non- modules (+)
Tailored for graphical
application Separate terminal
May be blocks (+)
Modular more cryptic
Wide
selection of
3rd party also
available

In the case that the Tesco L2000 were to be subject to pricing increases, lack of availability,
or obsolescence, the C-P can simply choose another, similar product with an Ethernet
interface and acceptable HMI interface software as a replacement for future and failed units.
In the case of the Ovation DCS, which is a vertically-integrated solution that encompasses
the controller, operator interface, and historian functions, replacement of the entire system
would be required if pricing increases, lack of availability, or obsolescence forced the C-P to
select another controller for the WWTPs.

1.3.1.1 Collection System Controllers

Seven of the eight controllers listed in Table 1-1 are suitable for use as controllers at
collection system pump stations. A mix of all seven suitable controllers could be used.
However, to ease support, reduce spare parts, and reduce HMI application complexity,
standardizing on a single manufacturer and model PLC is recommended.
The Allen Bradley ControlLogix and Modicon Quantum PLCs are larger and more
expensive. The greater expense is unlikely to be justified for any but the largest pump
station application. Eliminating these leaves the Allend Bradley CompactLogix, Bristol
Babbcock ControlWave, Modicon M340, Siemens S7-300, and Tesco L2000.
Of these, all but the CompactLogix and L2000 provide full IEC 61131-3 compliance with all
five programming languages. IEC 61131-3 programming languages can produce more
intuitive program documentation that is easier to understand and troubleshoot. Both the
CompactLogix and L2000 provide some degree of limited IEC 61131-3 support.
All five PLCs can use MODBUS RTU protocol. Maintaining MODBUS RTU capability may
be useful if asynchronous serial communications are used in the future.
Third party modules are required to use MODBUS with the CompactLogix. Using
MODBUS protocol with the L2000 does eliminate some of the communication features, such
as peer communications, available with Tesco’s Data Express protocol. However, none of
the eliminated features are expected to be used.

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 CHAPTER 1. ALTERNATIVES EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Of the controllers considered for pump stations, CompactLogix, ControlWave, M340, and
L2000, only the ControlWave and L2000 have hot swappable input and output (I/O)
modules. This feature is useful because it eases repair. However, care is still required
because all outputs are frozen during module replacement and all I/O on the module with a
failed point will be disconnected during replacement.
As stated above, continued use of the Tesco L2000 controllers is recommended at the pump
stations. The advantages of using the Tesco L2000 include:

• Tesco PLCs are specifically intended for use in remote water and wastewater pump
stations and for communications over unreliable communications networks. Important
features include built in lightning protection; unreliable media communications features;
a maximum operating temperature of 200 degrees F; an adequate, easy-to-configure
operator interface; and data recovery capability.

• DPW has standardized on the modular Tesco L2000 series of controllers for collection
system pump stations.

• Tesco’s support services can and have been leveraged by DPW to supplement their own
staff and available local support, reducing the need to attract and retain additional in-
house support staff. DPW is satisfied with Tesco support received to date.

• Tesco offers two operator interfaces that are tailored to pump station operation and
support both operations and tuning functions, eliminating the need for operations and
maintenance staff to use programmers or learn the programming language.

• The disadvantages of using the Tesco L2000 include:

• Tesco is a relatively small manufacturer with a small share of a niche market. Reliance
on small niche firms is generally considered to increase business risk.

• Having a small user-base reduces the availability of technical support services available
locally, which can reduce support reliability and increase support costs.

• Having Tesco as a single-source-of-supply eliminates the ability to easily obtain

competitive pricing for comparison. However, as long as common process and
communications interfaces are used, DPW could migrate to another PLC manufacturer
at some point in the future, if necessary.

• Tesco’s implementation of IEC 61131-3 programming requires a third party application,

has not been used by DPW and may be difficult to implement. Tesco’s default script or
instruction list programming technique is currently used, but utilizing the lists increases
the time required to program and troubleshoot programs.

1.3.1.2 WWTP Controllers

Four of the eight controllers listed in Table 1-1 are suitable for use as WWTP controllers. Of
those four, all but the Ovation DCS are independent controllers, or PLCs, that are suitable
for use with third party HMI applications. The Ovation DCS is a complete, vertically-
integrated, system that includes the controllers, communications network protocol, the HMI
and the historian application. Ovation systems are able to interface to other systems and
PLCs, but they are designed to work as a complete system.

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 CHAPTER 1. ALTERNATIVES EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The other three controllers suitable for use in treatment plants are the Allen Bradley
ControlLogix, Modicon Quantum, and Siemens S7-300 PLCs. Though not recommended, a
mix of all three of these controllers could be used in a single plant supported by a single
HMI application. However, to ease support, reduce spare parts, and reduce Human
Machine Interface (HMI) application complexity, standardizing on a single manufacturer
and model PLC is recommended.
All but the ControlLogix provide full IEC 61131-3 compliance with all 5 programming
languages. IEC 61131-3 programming languages can produce more intuitive program
documentation that is easier to understand and troubleshoot. ControlLogix provides limited
IEC 61131-3 support.
As stated above, the Emerson Ovation DCS is recommended for use as the WWTP
controller. Using the Emerson Ovation DCS has the following advantages:

• Having a system composed of products from a single manufacturer will simplify trouble
shooting, modifications, and upgrades by eliminating the need to coordinate among a
number of manufacturers.

• DCSs provide a high level of redundancy that significantly improves reliability. This
level of redundancy is not easily implemented with PLC based systems.

• A common spare parts warehouse can be used for all three treatment plants and the
number of spare parts required is reduced because all three plants use the same DCS.

• LAN configurations are based on the DCS manufacturer standards reducing the need
for local network configuration experts.

• DCS controller configurations are generally more intuitive and straight forward than
PLC configurations. Also, DCS configuration trouble shooting and modification by
others than the original configuration author is usually easier than it is for PLC
configurations.
The disadvantages of this approach include:

• The request for proposal (RFP) process required to select a DCS supplier complicates the
Design-Bid-Construct delivery process that is normally utilized by the C-P.

• DCSs are not as widely used in treatment plants as PLCs, which will limit the
availability of local support alternatives.

• DCSs and most DCS repair parts are only available from the DCS manufacturer and are
subject to the manufacturer’s decisions on pricing and availability.

1.3.2 Collection System Communications Evaluation

All of the nine alternatives listed in Table 1-2 are capable of using the recommended
collection system pump station interface and satisfying pump station requirements.
However, the two fiber and the digital wireline alternatives are not considered further in
this evaluation because they are not likely to be cost effective over the life cycle of the
equipment, leaving the five wireless alternatives as well as analog wireline.

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 CHAPTER 1. ALTERNATIVES EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

One major consideration in selecting a communications alternative for distributed facilities

is deciding who will own the communications infrastructure. C-P-owned (private)
alternatives tend to berequire longer to deploy, have higher capital costs, and have lower
recurring costs, though each alternative must be evaluated on its own merits.
The opposite is true for provider-owned alternatives, which offer a pay-as-you-go model,
allowing them to be quickly deployed or expanded for relatively low capital cost budgets.
However, the monthly service fees (not normally required for private networks) are a
recurring cost that must be paid monthly for as long as the service is used.
If the C-P owns the network, it also has better control over all aspects of the communication
network, which can improve service and reliability. However, being in control is a double-
edged sword because the owner is responsible for all support, maintenance, upgrade,
repair, and disaster recovery. Permitting can also delay deployment and increase the costs
for C-P-owned alternatives.
Private point-to-multi-point radio, either licensed or unlicensed, may be life-cycle cost
effective for some portion of the pump station network. However, private radio networks
providing adequate performance and reliability are not expected to be life-cycle cost
effective for large portions of the pump station network. Selection of a frequency, radio
path measurements and analysis, as well as preparations of a cost estimate, would be
required to better evaluate this alternative.
The C-P public safety mobile radio network is being upgraded. The upgraded network may
be able to provide life-cycle cost effective communications for some pump stations once it
becomes available. However, historical issues with latency and availability during civil
emergencies would need to be evaluated before widespread use could be recommended.

TABLE 1-2
Communication Alternatives Comparison
Alternative Owner Cost Hurdles +/-
Private Point-to- City or DPW Capital - High Permitting In control of own destiny (+)
Multi-point Radio
(Licensed or Annual - Low Licensing Low to medium data rate (-)
Unlicensed) Line-of-Site Link reliability (-)
Disaster recovery (-)
Scalability issues (-)
City Radio City Information not Permitting Information not available at
Network available at this time. this time.
Line-of-Site
Digital Cellular Provider Capital - Low Provider coordination Good scalability (+)
Annual - Medium Latency Low to medium data rate (+)
Moving target Disaster recovery probably
better than private (+)
Evolving technology
No SLA (-)

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 CHAPTER 1. ALTERNATIVES EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

TABLE 1-2
Communication Alternatives Comparison
Alternative Owner Cost Hurdles +/-
WLAN 802.11n/s City, DPW or City/DPW owns: City/DPW owns: Good scalability (+)
Provider
Capital – High Permitting Medium to high data rate (+)
Annual – Low Network design SLA if Provider owned (+)
Provider owns: Provider owns: Disaster recovery depend
on implementation (+/-)
Capital – Low Same as for Digital
Cellular
Annual – High
WiMAX 802.16e Provider Capital – Low Same as for Digital Probably Same as for Digital
Cellular Cellular
Annual – High
Dark Fiber City, DPW or City/DPW owns: City owns: Right-of- Good Scalability (+)
Provider way
Capital – V High High data rate (+)
Provider owns:
Annual – Low Coordination Good reliability (+)
Provider owns:
Capital – Low
Annual – High
Other Fiber Shared with Capital - Low Coordination with High data rate (+)
other public users or provider
agencies or Annual - Variable Good reliability (+)
provider Throughput
Depends on owner, SLA,
Privacy maintenance level, and
degree of over subscription
(+/-)
Digital Wireline Provider Capital - Low Provider coordination Good scalability (+)
Annual - High Moving target Medium to high data rate (+)
Evolving technology Disaster recovery (+)
No SLA for DSL (-)
Analog Wireline Provider Capital - Low May not be available Low data rate (-)
Annual - Low Dated technology Reliability (-)
Scalability (-)

The analog wireline alternative, though once common, is no longer considered viable
because of reliability and support limitations. Neither Wireless Mobile Access (WiMAX) nor
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is yet available for pump stations. As either WiMAX
or WLAN become available, they should be considered as expansion and migration
alternatives.
Therefore, improvement, expansion, and assuming ownership of the existing Verizon digital
cellular communication network is recommended. Digital cellular is becoming more
reliable, and technology improvements are improving telemetry performance. Also, digital
cellular coverage is expected to be sufficient to provide coverage on most, if not all pump
stations. Assuming ownership of the Verizon network service contract will ease obtaining
the benefits of state government rates.

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 CHAPTER 1. ALTERNATIVES EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

As stated above, recommended improvements include conversion to a Fixed-End Service

(FES), Code Division Multiple Access with Frequency Division Duplex (CDMA/FDD) radio
technology, and Ethernet digital cellular interfaces capable of providing Network Address
Translation (NAT) and supporting Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections.
Conversion to FES will move the pump station communications network off the Internet
and maintain it on Verizon’s private network. This will drastically reduce the potential
downside effects of the Internet thereby improving reliability and reducing malicious traffic.
Additionally, replacing existing antennas with higher gain antennas and, when required,
adding antenna amplifiers is recommended. Choosing replacement antennas inside the
pump station that maximize the received signal strength (RSS) is also recommended.
Conversion to CDMA/FDD should improve reliability, especially during conditions (such
as storms) that might reduce signal levels. CDMA/FDD also offers drastically higher
channel capacity when compared to the current CDMA technology that it replaces. The
higher channel capacity is not expected to improve pump station communications
performance. Antenna replacement and relocation should also improve signal levels.

1.3.3 WWTP Communication Evaluation

For the WWTPs, the redundant star topology is the only communications alternative
supported by the selected DCS. Although it is somewhat dated, advantages of this interface
include scalability and reliability. Scalability will allow the network to grow as required to
accommodate plant expansions and upgrades. The redundant switches and media
employed in this network will improve reliability by continuing to operate after failure of
any single communications network component.
The only other topology considered was a fiber optic Fast or Gigabit Ethernet loop at each
plant. There may also be plant applications where a wireless LAN (WLAN) alternative is
adequate and cost effective. However, reliability, capacity and security issues will need to be
addressed on a case-by-case basis.

1.3.4 Operations Data Network Communication Evaluation

Five alternatives (WLAN, WiMAX, Dark Fiber, Other Fiber and Digital Wireline) compared
in Table 1-2 are all capable satisfying data collection network requirements. Of these, only
the digital wireline alternative is currently available. Evaluating other alternatives as they
become available is recommended. When an available alternative is found to be superior to
digital wireline, migration to that alternative can begin.

1.3.5 Local Operator Interface Evaluation

Available operator interfaces generally fall into two categories. The most basic operator
interfaces provide one or more lines of LED display and a keyboard for selecting variables
and keys for modifying adjustable parameters. The other type of operator interface has a
graphic Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and either a keyboard or a touch-screen interface.
The LCD display types are more flexible, provide a more comprehensive interface and have
more complex configurations. The LED types are less flexible, less comprehensive, and
require less complex configurations.

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 CHAPTER 1. ALTERNATIVES EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

As stated above, the LED type of operator interface is recommended for the pump stations,
while the LCD type (with a touch-screen display) is recommended for the WWTPs. For
WWTPs, care must be taken to select a location and display terminal that will provide good
display visibility when installed in areas with high ambient light levels, and acceptable
service life. Locating the local operator interfaces in the doors of the DCS controller cabinets
is expected to provide an acceptable environment and good visibility.

1.3.6 Collection System Control Center Evaluation

The control center commissioned in the existing pump station SCADA system is located at
the NTG Tier IV data center in Baton Rouge. Tier IV data centers offer 99.995% reliability.
The control center could be maintained at the NTG facility or relocated to a DPW facility.
Relocation is likely to significantly reduce reliability; but is likely to ease access and
eliminate recurring data center costs. As stated above, relocating the control center to a
DPW facility is recommended.
The InduSoft HMI application also added in the existing SCADA system has a very small
market share when compared to major competitors, such as GE Intellution iFix, Invensys
Wonderware Intouch, Citech and Rockwell RSViews. Also, CH2M HILL does not have any
direct experience with InduSoft. However, InduSoft capabilities have been reviewed and
water and wastewater users found have been interviewed. No significant technical
shortcomings were found with InduSoft. Therefore, the continued use of InduSoft is
recommended.
• Enhancing alarm messaging capabilities will reduce the time that operators must spend
in front of a computer. Some alarm messaging is provided by the existing collection
system HMI servers. However, third-party products are available that work with most
major HMI applications that enhance alarm messaging as follows:
• Alarm voice and text messaging for selected critical alarms to field staff.
• A flexible central interface for assigning alarm groups to specific field staff personnel
depending on staff’s current location and assignment.
• A flexible communication interface that can be reconfigured to use the best available
delivery alternative.
Replacement of the InduSoft HMI application with a DCS workstation was also evaluated.
However, current products available with the recommended DCS do not effectively support
the mobile laptops needed by the collection system operations and maintenance staff, so it is
recommended to continue to use the InduSoft HMI application at this time.
A separate historical data collection server was included at the NTG data center in the
existing SCADA system. Upgrading the existing server to bring it up to current product
versions will support mobile laptop graphic displays and historical data access. Adding a
DCS workstation to collect and transport collection system historical data to a common data
center will provide comprehensive historical data access for operations and maintenance
staff as well as planning and engineering staff..

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 CHAPTER 1. ALTERNATIVES EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

1.3.7 WWTP Control Center Evaluation

Locating workstation computers in each WWTP control center along with the servers will
limit access to media drives and communications ports, thereby reducing the opportunity to
mis-use the DCS servers and workstations. The workstations can be connected to keyboards,
video displays, mice and speakers several hundred feet away by a single cable using KVM
extenders.
Alarm messaging capabilities reduce the need for an operator to be in front of a computer.
Third-party products such as Win911 are supported by Ovation and provide for alarm
messaging as follows:
• Alarm text and voice messaging for selected critical alarms to roving or on-call
operators.
• A flexible central interface for assigning alarm groups to specific field staff personnel
depending on staff’s current location and assignment.
• A flexible communication interface that can be reconfigured to use the best available
delivery alternative.

1.3.7.1 Operations Data/Control Center Evaluation

There are two options for collecting and transferring collection system data from the
InduSoft servers (for the collection system SCADA) to the historical database. One option is
to use the InduSoft server to provide an interface to the DCS client on the Engineering
workstation at the Collection System Control Center. A historian scanner running on the
workstation would collect historical data and transport it to the Ovation historian. The
other option is to interface the Engineering workstation communications in parallel with
Indusoft HMI and with the PLC using MODBUS protocol. A disadvantage to the second
option is the doubling of wireless network traffic. Also, the recommended DCS doesn’t
currently have a workstation application that is well suited for deployment on the digital
cellular network since the currently available browser product doesn’t support alarm
handling. However, in the future it may be possible to phase out the Indusoft servers and to
support the mobile laptops on the Digital Cellular Network via the DCS servers. While the
current recommendation is for Indusoft to be maintained, the recommendation should be
reevaluated as technology advances and the cost of bandwidth becomes more cost effective.
As stated above, it is recommended that the operations data/control center be located on a
separate network with controlled access from both the DPW Business Network and the
collection system and WWTP process control networks to provide isolation between the
networks This separation allows for future centralized control at the operations
data/control center, while also protecting the collection system and WWTP networks from
possible mis-use via the Business Network.

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CHAPTER 2

Implementation Plan

2.1 Introduction
The implementation plan describes how the SCADA system will be designed, delivered,
and supported. The plan is broken down into two modules, collection system and WWTPs,
because the two are expected to be implemented separately.

2.2 Recommendations
CH2M HILL recommends using an RFP process to provide selection of a single qualified
collection system SCADA provider and a WWTP SCADA provider for 5 years. This will
allow the C-P to select the most qualified provider and include needed maintenance, support
and future collection system or WWTP work in a single contract, thereby assuring critical
component and overall design consistency across all pump stations or WWTPs for 5 years.
After 5 years, the contract of the selected Contractor can be renewed for another 5 years, or
another RFP can be used to select a provider for ongoing support and upgrade of the
existing collection system or WWTP SCADA system, and for any additions to the SCADA
system.
Long-term SCADA support is critical to its success. Therefore, recommended design and
delivery approaches are structured to facilitate long-term support. In addition to
maintaining, and providing routine preventive maintenance and software update
installation, support is intended to include upgrade and migration to maintain a viable
SCADA as technology continues to rapidly evolve. Table 2-1 shows some typical cost
considerations for SCADA components.

TABLE 2-1
SCADA Life-Cycle Cost Considerations
Component Annual Costs

Computers (Workstations and Servers) Replacement Every 3 Years

Network Appliances Replacement Every 5 Years

DCS Controllers, PLCs and RTUs Replacement Every 10 Years

Software 15-20% Per Year + Periodic New Releases

Control System Support 5-15% Per Year

Telco Services 12 x Monthly Bill + Services Outside SLA

Procurement of critical components is another important element of the plan. Critical

components are defined as those that, if not consistent from site-to-site and from project-to-

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 CHAPTER 2. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

project, will significantly and negatively impact DPW’s ability to maintain the SCADA long-
term. Therefore, the delivery of critical components is separately addressed for each of the
two major SCADA systems: collection system and WWTPs.

2.3 Design Criteria

SCADA Design Criteria addressing pump stations and plants are included in Appendixes C
through H for use in preparation and review of RFPs, design instructions, and/or
documents. Before each use, update Design Criteria as required to keep current, incorporate
missing elements, and make corrections.

2.4 Standard Pump Station Design Documents

The purpose of the standard pump station design documents is to provide pump station
design guidance for developers for a range of pump stations expected to be included in
development projects. For development projects likely to have pump stations not addressed
by the standard pump station design documents, include a current version of the Design
Criteria document and specific design instructions for the nonstandard pump stations.
In general, the standard pump station design documents should be updated to bring them
into compliance with the Design Criteria in the appendices. The existing standard pump
station drawings should be updated to create standard control system drawings for each
type of pump station likely to be included in developer projects. Also, the existing standard
pump station specifications should be updated to create standard control system
specifications for each type of pump station included in developer projects.

2.5 Procurement
As stated above, an RFP process is recommended for procurement (including design,
installation, and maintenance) of the collection system SCADA and the WWTP SCADA
components. Two separate RFPs will be written for each system, since the systems can be
implemented separately.

2.5.1 Collection System Request for Proposals Content

Inclusion of the following design instructions in the collection system RFP is recommended:
1. A narrative describing the work and expected delivery schedule. In the narrative,
include a SCADA overview including monitoring and control requirements, network
communications and communications interfaces. Use references to included design
criteria and standard design documents to clarify requirements and reduce duplication.
2. Scope of Work.
3. Project schedule
4. SCADA Block Diagram
5. Pump Station Design Criteria

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 CHAPTER 2. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

6. Pump Station Standard input/output (I/O) list

7. Standard Loop Specifications
8. When applicable, standard pump station SCADA design documents for the standard
pump station(s) with monitoring and control system(s) that most closely resembles the
monitoring and control system(s) for the pump station(s) that will be designed along
with narrative describing required deviations from the standard documents, if any.

2.5.2 Collection System RFP Scope of Work

Provide a comprehensive summary of the scope of work including:
1. List all tasks to be performed by the provider. Clearly define important deliverables and
sequencing requirements. Also, include coordination requirements, a list of
communications service provider and utility contacts and ample references to the design
criteria.
2. Define programmable logic controller (PLC) and human machine interface application
programming requirements, including instructions on how to use the Standard Loop
Specifications.
3. Define coordination requirements for any other work expected to be in progress during
construction
4. Define pump station outage restrictions and coordination requirements
5. Define support requirements

2.5.3 WWTP Request for Proposals Content

Inclusion of the following in design instructions in the WWTP RFP is recommended:
1. A narrative describing the work and expected delivery schedule. In the narrative,
include a SCADA overview including monitoring and control requirements, network
communications and communications interfaces. Use references to included design
criteria and standard design documents to clarify requirements and reduce duplication.
2. Scope of Work
3. Project schedule
4. SCADA Block Diagram
5. WWTP Design Criteria
6. WWTP Standard input/output (I/O) list
7. Standard Loop Specifications

2.5.4 WWTP RFP Scope of Work

Provide a comprehensive summary of the scope of work including:

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 CHAPTER 2. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

1. List all tasks to be performed by the provider. Clearly define important deliverables and
sequencing requirements. Also, include coordination requirements, a list of
communications service provider and utility contacts and ample references to the design
criteria.
2. Define distributed control system (DCS) controller, workstation and server application
programming requirements, including instructions on how to use the Standard Loop
Specifications
3. Define coordination requirements for any other work expected to be in progress during
construction
4. Define equipment outage restrictions and coordination requirements
5. Define support requirements

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 Appendix A
Block Diagrams
GNV310133631747(APPA).DOC/081640017 A-1
GNV310133631747(APPA).DOC/081640017 A-2
 Appendix B
Design Criteria
1.0 Introduction and Overview
1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this technical memorandum is to define City of Baton Rouge-East Baton
Rouge Parish (C-P) Department of Public Works (DPW) Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition System (SCADA). Major SCADA components covered by this document
include:

• Collection Pump Stations.

• Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs).
• The Collection System Control Center.
• WWTP Control Centers.
• The DPW Operations Data Center.
• The DPW Operations Network.
• The Collection System wireless communications network.
Criteria provided include the following:

• SCADA Background and Overview.

• Terminology and acronym definitions.
• Standards and codes list.
• Physical design criteria.
• Network and other communications requirements.
• Functional requirements.
• Applications programming requirements.
• Documentation requirements.
• Testing requirements.
• Support requirements.
• Pump station specific criteria.
• WWTP specific criteria.
• Collection Control Center specific criteria.
• WWTP Control Center specific criteria.
• Operations Data Center specific criteria.
• Operations Network specific criteria.
• Collection wireless network specific criteria.

1.2 Background & Overview

The SCADA system project for the C-P DPW will upgrade the existing wastewater
collection pump station SCADA system and replace the SCADA systems at the three major
WWTPs. The following is a list of the major SCADA system goals and the basis for the
design:

• Increase Operational Reliability of Collection and Treatment: Collection system

SCADA improvements are expected to reduce the chances of pump station spillage and
overflow. Treatment plant SCADA improvements are expected to improve treatment
performance and effluent quality.

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-1
• Ease of Access: Managers and engineers will have easy access to real-time and historical
data including regulatory reporting, management oversight, collection system and
treatment capacity and quality analysis and improvements planning.

• Improve Collection System and Treatment Facility Planning: Existing SCADA systems
have limited data archiving ability. The upgraded SCADA systems will provide more,
easily accessible and organized data to support planning efforts. The improved data
archives can be used by DPW to improve collection and treatment systems
understanding thereby allowing DPW to make better informed decisions regarding
upgrading and expanding the water and wastewater systems.

• Reduce Operating Costs: Once Pump Station and WWTP staffs have gained confidence
in the upgraded SCADA systems, labor savings will occur because of improved plant
operations efficiencies and a reduction of the number of visits to each pump station.

• Support Facilities Information Management (FIM) Tasks: The upgraded SCADA

systems will provide information in a format that is easily transferred to maintenance
management or asset management software. As an example, the elapsed run time of
process equipment can be downloaded from the SCADA system to a FIM system. These
data can be used by the FIM system for scheduling maintenance activities.

• Network Isolation: Isolating the Operations Data Center on a separate network with
controlled access from both the Business and Operations Networks provides isolation
and protection of the Operations Network and the four control center networks thereby
improving the availability and integrity of both the Operations Data Center and Process
Control Networks.
The following additional general design criteria have been established for design and
construction of the SCADA systems:

• Routine Maintenance Requirements: The SCADA systems must be capable of being

maintained on a day-to-day basis by DPW staff. Day-to-day activities are not expected
to include any applications programming or system configuration work. Someone with
a working knowledge of computer operating systems, computer networks and the
applications being used will be required to periodically [probably monthly] review
security, event and activity logs, and perform maintenance. Also, periodic [probably
quarterly] maintenance by someone with detailed knowledge of SCADA applications
and computer operating systems will be required to install software upgrades and
patches, to review system logs, to groom files, and perform other system-level activities.

• Additional Staff Needs: Either training of existing staff members or adding staff will be
required to perform the day-to-day duties listed above and other SCADA System O&M
activities. SCADA system designers are expected to work with DPW to be identify
specific skill requirements during design. The monthly and quarterly maintenance
activities are expected to be provided as part of a renewable annual service agreement.

• Training Requirements: Training requirements, including course identification and

training source, are expected to be identified during design.

• Application Programming Templates: SCADA system designs are expected to include

templates to ease the amount of custom programming required to add pump stations or
common plant equipment such as pump stations.

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-2
• Environmental Design Provisions: Equipment, such as RTUs and panels, are expected
to be located to reduce environmental impacts and hazards; and designed to withstand
environmental conditions and mitigate hazards present.

• Communications Reliability: Reliable wireless and network communications, as well as

ample, easy to access and use communications diagnostics including statistics are
required, as is the ability to effectively continue operation during temporary
communications failures. Design wireless communications links to work reliably during
abnormal weather conditions such as heavy rain, high wind and temperature inversion.

• User Access Tailored to Job Responsibilities. Tailor each users access to job
responsibilities. Work with DPW to determine user access requirements. Managers will
generally have broad view only access. Supervisors are expected to have monitoring,
control and preset parameter adjustment access for areas they are responsible for and
view only access to associated areas. Operators will generally have monitoring and
control Maintenance workers will have access tailored to their needs and responsibilities
including the ability to modify configurations and applications programming.

• Network Security Provisions: Reasonable network and communications security

controls in compliance with the current version of the National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST) Special Publication (SP) 800-82 are required. Security controls
include, but are not limited to, access control, intrusion detection and virus protection.

• Modular Design, Common Components for All Sites: Use the same manufacturer and
model number components for all similar applications.

• Alarm Segregation, Categorization, Prioritization and Conditioning: Segregate [i.e.

Collection/Treatment], categorize and prioritize alarms. Alarms will be conditioned to
eliminate nuisance and all but critical unavoidable alarms. For example: Pump station
alarms, except for LOW BATTERY, INTRUSION and HIGH HIGH LEVEL will be
disabled during pump station power outages. Develop specific alarm conditioning rules
during design and finalize them during construction. Route some alarms [i.e. pump
station pump fail] directly to maintenance personnel with operations receiving a follow-
up alarm if the original alarm is not acknowledged within a preset interval. Prevent
communications failure alarms from being repeated each time the failed link is accessed.

• Physical Security: Work with DPW to establish physical security requirements for
pump stations and plants. For control centers and data centers, locate all computers
[servers and workstations] in locked adequately air conditioned rooms with reliable
conditioned electric power. Limit access to those responsible for the maintenance of the
control centers. Use Keyboard, Video Mouse (KVM) extenders to support a keyboard,
dual monitors, a mouse, and dual speakers in the control room for each workstation.

1.3 SCADA System Overview

The simplified SCADA block diagram in Appendix A shows an overview of the complete
SCADA system. Major elements include the following:

• DPW Business Network: This is an existing network used by DPW for management,
administration, and general purpose computing and is expected to include an existing
interface through an Internet Service Provider (ISP) to the Internet. Users on this

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-3
 network including managers, planners and engineers need access to SCADA data to
fulfill their responsibilities. Interface the business network to the SCADA system as
follows:
1. Connect the business network to the firewall in the DPW Operations Data Center.
2. Except for virtual private network (VPN) traffic, limit business network traffic to the
DPW Operations Data Center located on demilitarized zone (DMZ) network
established by the Firewall connecting the Business Network, the DPW Operations
Data Center and the DPW Operations Network.
3. Other than VPN traffic block all traffic between the business network and the DPW
Operations Network.
Provide SCADA historian and information server clients on business network
workstations requiring access to SCADA data. Provide VPN clients on business network
workstations that will be used for direct connection to the SCADA system. Authenticate
VPN users on the SCADA network.

• Operations Data Center: On the DMZ network established by the firewall, provide an
Operations Data Center for central collection, storage and processing of near real-time
and historical operations data from wastewater treatment plants and pump station
collection systems, and for presenting up-to-date process information to users on the
business network.
Locate the Operations Data Center in a physically secure location with access limited to
those responsible for operation and maintenance of the data center. Provide both
adequate, reliable temperature and humidity control and reliable, quality electric power.
Also, provide uninterruptible power supply (UPS) capacity for maintaining control
center operation for one hour.
Locate the following SCADA system components in the Operations Data Center:
1. The historian servers which collect information from scanners installed on operator
workstations in each of the three control centers, store the information, and retrieve
and reduce information for presentation to operators at operator workstations and to
business network users via historian clients installed on business network
computers. On historian servers, also provide applications programming to reliably
and efficiently extract selected historical information and load the historical
information into C-P’s Oracle relational database.
2. Information servers which collect up-to-date process information from each of the
four control centers for presentation to operators at operator workstations and to
business network users via information server clients installed on business network
computers.

• The DPW Operations Network: Establish an Operations Network for interconnecting

the four control centers and the Operation Data Center. Provide a network that allows
adequately credentialed users connected to any of the four process control networks full
monitoring and control access to all four control systems, and that supports VPN access
to users connected to the business network.

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-4
 Use wireline services, such as Multi-Protocol-Label-Switching (MPLS), provided by
telephone companies with a minimum of 1.5 million bits per second (Mbps) symmetric
capacity for each connection. Work with C-P in selecting the service and establishing a
Service Level Agreement (SLA). Coordinate this work with the digital cellular network
required for the collection system to both ease service management by C-P and take
advantage of any available price reductions that might be available when both networks
are provided by a single provider.

• The WWTP Distributed Control Systems: Provide an autonomous, self-sufficient

Distributed Control System (DCS) for each of the three major WWTPs. Each DCS
includes the following:
1. Control Center housing DCS servers and workstations. Use KVM extenders to
support operator workstation interfaces in the control rooms. Locate the control
centers in a physically secure location with access limited to those responsible for
operation and maintenance of the control center. Provide both adequate, reliable
temperature and humidity control and reliable, quality electric power. Because,
plants do not have standby electric generators, provide UPS capacity for maintaining
control center operation for one hour.
2. Control Rooms. Locate the keyboard, monitor, mouse and speakers for each
workstation in a plant operations control room. Provide both adequate, reliable
temperature and humidity control and reliable, quality electric power. Because,
plants do not have standby electric generators, provide uninterruptible power
supply (UPS) capacity for maintaining control room operation for one hour.
3. DCS Redundant Controllers. Distribute controllers throughout the plant in
temperature and humidity controlled electrical rooms Because, plants do not have
standby electric generators, provide UPS capacity for maintaining controller
operation for one hour. Select controller locations to provide a balance between
installed cost and signal wire length. Where necessary to control installed costs, use
remote input and output (I/O) for monitoring and control of systems with less
critical monitoring and control requirements. Use the WWTP Design Criteria and
WWTP I/O spreadsheet in appendices E and G in selecting signals for monitoring
and control.
4. Redundant, Star Ethernet Network. Provide a redundant star network in accordance
with DCS manufacturer standards. Locate redundant root switches in data and
control centers. Locate redundant primary fan-out switches as needed in data and
control centers, and controller cabinets.

• The Collection Control Systems: Provide a collection control system that provides local,
autonomous, programmable logic controller (PLC) monitoring and control of each
pump station, as well as remote monitoring and limited remote control from mobile
wireless laptop workstations connected to the central Collection System Control Center.
The Collection Control System includes the following:
1. Local PLC Monitoring and Control. Local control panels housing a PLC and local
human machine interface (HMI) with text and bar-graph displays and four-key
menu-driven keypad data entry. Use the Pump Station Design Criteria and I/O
spreadsheet in appendices D and F in selecting signals for monitoring and control.

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-5
 Also, comply with applicable portions of the DPW Pump Station Design Standards.
Include battery backup power capable of maintaining the PLC and the
communications interface in operation for 4-hours.
2. A Control Center housing HMI Servers and a DCS workstation. Relocate the existing
control center from the Tier IV data center to a physically secure location with access
limited to those responsible for operation and maintenance of the control center.
Provide both adequate, reliable temperature and humidity control and reliable,
quality electric power. Configure the DCS workstation to use the existing HMI
server’s object linking and embedding for process control (OPC) interface to connect
to the active HMI server and provide Collection System monitoring and control from
the distributed DCS system, as well as Collection System historical data collection.
Also, provide UPS capacity for maintaining control center operation for one hour.
3. Mobile Wireless Laptop Workstations. Provide hardened mobile wireless
workstations for use by mobile operators and maintenance staff.
4. Digital Cellular Network. Convert the existing 1xRTT (1 times Radio Transmission
Technology) digital cellular network to CDMA-FDD (Code Division Multiple Access
with Frequency Division Duplex). Also, add a fixed end service (FES) at the control
center to moved the network off the Internet and onto the providers private
network.

1.4 Terminology
Terminology and acronyms used in this Technical Memorandum are shown in Table 1-1.

TABLE 1-1
Terminology And Acronyms
Term Or Acronym Meaning
ADO ActiveX Data Objects
API Applications Programming Interface
APPLICATION SOFTWARE Software to provide functions unique to this project and that are not provided
by standard software alone. Configuring data bases, tables, displays, reports,
parameter lists, ladder logic, and control strategies required to implement
functions unique to this project
City City of Baton Rouge, Louisiana
CMMS Computerized Maintenance Management System
C-P City of Baton Rouge-East Baton Rouge Parish
DCS Distributed Control System
DMARC The point of demarcation for Verizon. It is the interface point where all
facilities on one side are maintained by the Verizon and all facilities on the
other are maintained by the City.
DMZ Demilitarized Zone
DPW City of Baton Rouge Department of Public Works
FES Fixed End Service
FIM Facilities Information Management
HMI Human Machine Interface

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-6
 TABLE 1-1
Terminology And Acronyms
Term Or Acronym Meaning
I/O Input/Output
IP Internet Protocol
ISP Internet Service Provider
KVM Keyboard, Video, Mouse
LAN Local Area Network
Mbps Million bits per second
MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching
OPC Object Linking and Embedding for Process Control
ORT Operational Readiness Test
OWS Operator Workstation
PAT Performance Acceptance Test
PLC Programmable Logic Controller
PICS Process Instrumentation and Control Systems
PROCESS MONITORING Standard software packages, independent of the specific process control
AND CONTROL SOFTWARE project on which they are used, which provide process monitoring, control
and data collection capability.
RTU Remote Terminal Unit
SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System-generally used in reference
to system wide control and data acquisition system
SDT Staging Site Demonstration Test
SERVER Computer specifically designed for remote terminal operation and processing
high volumes of I/O and simultaneous operations
SLA Service Level Agreement
STANDARD SOFTWARE Commercial Software packages that are independent of the project on which
they are used. Standard software includes system software and process
monitoring and control software.
SYSTEM SOFTWARE Application independent software developed by digital equipment
manufacturers and software companies. Includes but is not limited to
operating systems, programming languages such as C++, assemblers, file
management utilities, text editors, debugging aides and diagnostics.
TELEMETRY Communication between central servers and remote facilities; includes such
communication modes as frame relay, dedicated fiber optic or copper cable,
UHF and spread spectrum radio, leased telephone line, autodialers, etc.
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
VERIZON Telephone company providing telephone services including plain old
telephone, cellular, frame relay, Cellular Digital Packet Data [CDPD] or other
telephone services.
VPN Virtual Private Network
WORKSTATION High-end personal computer for use by an operator in monitoring and
controlling remote facilities.
WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-7
1.5 Standards and Codes
The following organizations have generated standards that are to be used as guides in
assuring quality and reliability of components and systems; govern nomenclature; define
parameters of configuration and construction in addition to specific details outlined in this
document.

• ISA, Instrumentation, Systems and Automation Society

• UL, Underwriters Laboratories
• AWWA, American Water Works Association
• NEMA, National Electrical Manufactures Association
• OSHA, Occupational Safety and Health Administration
• ANSI, American National Standards Institute
• NFPA, National Fire Protection Association
• NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology
• SAMA, Scientific Apparatus Manufacturers Association
• IEEE, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
• NEC, National Electrical Code(ANSI/NFPA-70)
• API, American Petroleum Institute RP550 Manual on Installation of Refinery
Instruments and Control Systems (API RP550)

2.0 Physical Design Criteria

2.1 Introduction & Overview
This section defines general SCADA system physical design criteria.

2.2 Control Strategy & Naming Conventions

CONTROL STRATEGY
Specific control strategies will be described in the Appendix H, Standard Loop
Specifications.

TAGS

A shorthand tag number notation is used in the Loop Specifications.

S 10 AFD 05 01 SF
Facility Unit Process ISA Loop Number Unit Clarifying
Code designation of Number Abbreviation
process and
function

Use the clarifying abbreviation to assure that all tags are unique. Use only the underscore
character (_) as a separator to improve “human readability.”

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-8
An example of an AFD tag would be:
S_10_AFD_0501_SF
FACILITY CODES
N North WWTP
S South WWTP
C Central WWTP
XXX Pump Station Facility Number
UNIT PROCESSES
For wastewater treatment plants, use the following unit processes in the tagging convention:
10 Preliminary Treatment
20 Primary Treatment
30 Chlorination and Trickling Filter
40 Final Settling Tanks and Secondary Sludge Pump Station
50 Plant Water and Effluent Pumping
60 Gravity Thickeners and Thickened Sludge Pump Stations
70 Anaerobic Digesters and Control Building
80 Energy Recovery and Sludge Dewatering Building and Support Systems
90 Miscellaneous

2.3 General System Requirements

2.3.1 City Product Standards
LATER. Any City product standards will be adhered to.

2.3.2 Single Point of Failure

In general, single points of failure are to be avoided. This does not mean that all control and
equipment has to be duplicated, but there are specific components for which redundancy is
required for safety or continued operation. Redundancy is required for the following
components:

• HMI I/O Servers.

• DCS Operator Workstations.
• DCS controllers.
• DCS historical data scanners installed on operator workstations.
• DCS authentication servers.
• DCS Historian Servers.
• Switches at each tier in the WWTP star LANs.
• DCS LAN media and network connections.
Components for which redundancy is not required include the following:

• DCS data servers.

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-9
• PLCs and RTUs
• DCS I/O modules.
• Digital cellular communications links
• Instruments.

2.3.3 Color Coding of Pilot Devices

Unless noted otherwise, use the following color code for lenses of indicating lights.
Function Color
On or Open Red
Off or Closed Green
Alarms Amber
Automatic or Remote White
Manual or Local Blue

2.3.4 Nameplates
All individual panels, instruments, and panel mounted devices shall be provided with
nameplates. Use plastic laminate nameplates having black letters on a white background.
Individual control switches and pushbuttons shall have customized legend plates which
indicate function.

2.3.5 Accessibility and Mounting

All control equipment shall be mounted in an easily accessible location. Equipment or
piping shall not have to be removed to access controls. All controls shall be mounted within
five feet of finished floor.
All NEC clearance requirements shall be met for the appropriate voltage level.
All equipment and instrument tubing shall be rigidly installed. It is intended that after
installation a slight to moderate pressure on the installed device shall not move it and in no
circumstance should it sway back and forth if pressure is suddenly removed.

2.4 Field Mounted Instrumentation

2.4.1 General
Provide instruments that return automatically and immediately to accurate measurement
upon restoration of power after a power failure, except where specifically noted.
Use single source manufacturer for each instrument type. Use the same manufacturer for
different instrument types whenever possible.
Provide instrumentation of rugged construction designed for site conditions. Provide only
new, standard, first-grade materials throughout, conforming to standards established by
Underwriter’s Laboratories (UL), Inc., and so marked or labeled, together with
manufacturer’s brand or trademark.

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-10
Instrument enclosures shall be NEMA rated for the environment. In hazardous areas, meet
the NEC Class, Group, and Division as shown or specified. Submergence rated enclosures
shall be provided in areas subject to flooding.
Provide instrument transmitters that produce isolated 4-20 mA dc analog signals. Follow
ISA-S50.1.
Use linear, direct reading indicators unless otherwise specified.
Analyzers must be removable from the process lines without disrupting the process.

2.4.2 Installation
Unless readily accessible for viewing and calibration from floor elevation, do not install
electrical transmitters process piping. Mount equipment on instrument racks, stands or in
enclosures near the sensor at a level that permits viewing from floor elevation.
Install instrumentation and auxiliary devices to be accessible for maintenance. Provide
space between instruments, equipment, and piping for ease of removal and servicing.
Include panel layouts to include ergonomic factors associated with maintaining the
equipment. In general, install instrumentation to be accessible from floor level or grade.

2.4.3 Maintenance and Troubleshooting

The continued, useful operation of a control system depends on effective maintenance and
calibration. The availability of complete system documentation and the installation of
proper test connections greatly assist in maintenance and calibration. During the design of
the I&C system, every effort must be made to make the system as easy to maintain and
troubleshoot as possible.

2.4.4 Pressure Measurement

Pressure and Differential Pressure Transmitter
Diaphragm type pressure transmitters will be used for gauge, differential pressure and
absolute pressure measurement applications. Rosemount “Smart” pressure transmitters will
be used.

Pressure Gauges
For pressure gauges, solid-front, glycerin-filled units will be used. For most pressure ranges,
Bourdon-tube elements will be used. Diaphragm or bellows type elements will be used for
low pressure ranges. Dial size is to be 4 1/2 inches minimum. Accuracy shall be two percent
of span. Scale range shall be such that normal operating pressure lies between 50 and 80
percent of scale range. Dresser/Ashcroft and Ametek U.S. Gauge are the preferred
manufacturers.

Pressure Diaphragm Seals

Diaphragm seals will be sued to protect pressure instruments from corrosion and to keep
solids out of instruments when they are connected to pipelines. Typical manufacturers are
Dresser/Ashcroft and Ametek.
Isolation valves and calibration ports will be provided for pressure instruments.

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-11
Pressure Switches
Units shall be the diaphragm sealed piston actuator type with automatic reset and snap
action switch. Acceptable manufacturers are Ashcroft B Series, or United Electric.

2.4.5 Flow Measurement

Electromagnetic Flow Element and Transmitter
Magnetic flow meters will be used for sludge service. A minimum flow velocity of 5 fps
through the flowmeter will be maintained for primary sludge and 3 fps for secondary
sludge. Magnetic flow tubes require a minimum of five diameters of straight pipe upstream
and two diameters of straight pipe downstream. Typical manufacturers will be ABB/Fischer
& Porter or Rosemount.

Flow Element and Transmitter, Thermal Mass Flow

Airflow measurement for air applications will utilize thermal dispersion technology for flow
measurement. Venturi tubes of orifice plates are not acceptable.The flow element must be
installed through a hot tap assembly to facilitate cleaning flow elements without isolating
the pipe line. A dirt/moisture separator should be installed upstream of the flow element.
The straight approach must be at least 10 diameters upstream and 10 diameters downstream
from the flow element.
Transmitter will be remote (nonintegral) from the meter, and shall be NEMA 4X rated.
Transmitter shall include local LCD display of both the instantaneous flowrate and totalized
flow.
Acceptable manufacturers are Fluid Components (FCI) or Kurz Instruments.

2.4.6 Level Measurement

Ultrasonic type level sensors and transmitters will be used for level measurement, except for
Collection Systems Pump Stations. All ultrasonic level transmitters shall be microprocessor-
based devices with external keypads, LCD display, and shall be programmable without the
use of potentiometers. Transmitter enclosures shall be NEMA 4X rated. Units shall be
temperature compensated. The ultrasonic units will be Siemens/Milltronics, Endress and
Hauser, or STI.
Collection system level measurements will be taken with a Bubbler system. The Bubbler
system shall consist of the following equipment: differential pressure transmitter, air
compressor, air release valve, and a normally closed solenoid valve located just outside the
hazardous area boundary. Chart recorders are not required.
Float and displacer type level switches will be used in sump pump applications and for high
level alarms. Floats shall be watertight and shall have a diameter of at least 4 inches. Floats
shall be internally weighted and mechanically switched. Floats containing mercury shall not
be used. Acceptable manufacturers are Contegra, Siemens or Anchor Scientific.

2.4.7 Analytical Measurement

Dissolved Oxygen Analyzer and Transmitter

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-12
Dissolved Oxygen measurement will utilize luminescent response to emitted light for DO
measurement. Luminescent DO sensors with compatible transmitters will be used for
dissolved oxygen measurement. The Luminescent DO sensors will be Hach sc100 LDO
Analysis System.

pH Analyzer and Transmitter

Unit shall electromechanically measure pH without requiring electrolyte flow. Provide a
complete unit consisting of the following:

• Element
• Transmitter
• Cable
• Junction Box
• Expendables
Units shall have integral temperature compensation. Accuracy shall be better than 0.05 pH
units with 24 hour zero stability of 0.01 pH units. Indicator shall be LCD or LED.
Transmitter enclosure shall be NEMA 4X. Acceptable manufacturers are Hach.

Turbidity Analyzer and Transmitter, Low Range

The unit shall measure turbidity of high quality filtered water. Principle of operation shall
be light scatter detection measurement. Range can be as high as 0-100 NTU, but is usually
set for much lower ranges in clean water applications. The resolution shall be 0.001 NTU.
Unit shall include a bubble trap and vent. Provide a complete unit consisting of the
following:

• Element
• Analyzer/Transmitter
• Cable
• Mounting Hardware
• Lamp Units
• Calibration Kit
• Expendables

Transmitter enclosure shall be NEMA 4X. Acceptable manufacturers are Hach.

Residual Chlorine Analyzer and Transmitter

Unit shall measure continuously the chlorine residual of the sample process stream. Unit
shall measure either free or total chlorine residual, field selectable. Principle of operation
shall be amperometric with pH buffering. Provide a complete unit consisting of the
following:

• Analyzer/transmitter unit
• Mounting hardware
• Sample tubing connectors
• Reagent
• Expendables
• Sample Conditioning System

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-13
Sensitivity shall be better than 0.001 mg/l with a 4-second maximum response time. Unit
shall have integral temperature compensation. Transmitter enclosure shall be NEMA 4X.
Acceptable manufacturers are Hach.

Combustible Gas Detection System

Combustible-gas detectors must be provided in accordance with NFPA 820. Each area
should be analyzed for the types of gases that may be present (heavier-than-air gases or
lighter-than-air gases), with detectors located appropriately. For example, in screen rooms,
combustible-gas detectors should be installed along the ceiling and floor because both
combustible-gas detectors should be installed along the ceiling and floor because both
heavier-than-air combustible gases (such as gasoline vapors) and lighter-than-air
combustible gases (such as methane) may be present. Combustible gas detectors with
silicon/H2S poisoning-resistant cells should be specified.
Combustible gas must be treated as a critical alarm. The alarm must be connected to a local
annunciator and interfaced to the PLC.
Typical manufacturers are MSA and General Monitors.

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Analyzers

TSS measurement will utilize a nephelometric method where light is passed through the
sample and the amount of reflected light is measured. Hach SOLITAX sc sensors and sc100
controllers will be used for TSS analysis.

2.4.8 Temperature Measurement

Temperature Transmitters
Units shall be 3 or 4 wire RTDs with integral two wire transmitters. Elements shall be 100-
ohm platinum conforming to SAMA Standard RC 21-4 accuracy specifications. However,
vibrating can damage this unit. Ten ohm copper RTDs must be used in large motor
windings and thermocouples must be considered for all ranges in vibration applications.
Acceptable manufacturers are Foxboro or Rosemount.

Temperature Indicators and Gauges

The preferred temperature gauge is pressure gauge with a vapor-pressure temperature
element. The long-term stability is better than bi-metal units, but bi-metal may be necessary
in small vessels because of element size. Mercury thermometers are not acceptable.
Dial size shall be 4 1/2 inches minimum. Acceptable manufacturers are Ashcroft, Ametek
and U.S. Gauge Division.

Thermocouples
Thermocouples (T/C) must be used for applications in which the operation temperature is
greater than 300 degrees Fahrenheit. The specific application must be the basis for choosing
the T/C and extension wire used. Thermowells must be used for thermocouple liquid
applications and must be made of 316 stainless steel. Thermowells must not be used for gas
applications unless the line cannot be depressurized easily for T/C maintenance.

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-14
2.5 Control Panels
2.5.1 General
Control Panels located indoors shall be painted steel or fiberglass, NEMA 12, as
manufactured by Hoffman or equal. Enclosures shall be provided with corrosion inhibitors.
Control Panels outdoors will be 316 stainless steel, NEMA 4X, and painted white using
electrostatically applied TGIC polyester urethane powder coating on the inside and outside.
Provide outdoor enclosures with sunshields, thermostatically controlled space heaters, and
corrosion inhibitors.
Control Panels Indoors in hose-down or corrosive areas should be NEMA 4X, fiberglass or
stainless steel.
Provide louvers, forced ventilation, or air conditioners as required to prevent temperature
build-up within the enclosure and maintain equipment within equipment temperature
ratings as required.

2.5.2 Signal Isolation and I/O

Unless otherwise indicated or required for a specific application, all PLC and DCS I/O shall
meet the following:
For pump stations, provide 12VDC discrete inputs. For WWTP, provide 24VDC discrete
inputs.
Provide discrete output modules with dry contact relay outputs rated at 120 VAC.
Provide isolated 4-20 mA analog inputs. Except for 4 wire transmitter loops, provide power
supplies for all 4-20 mA signals from the control panel.
Provide isolated 4-20 mA analog outputs.

2.5.3 Distribute I/O Between Modules

To comply with general philosophy of no single point of failure, terminate I/O for related
equipment on different I/O modules, where practical. For example, if there are 4 high
service pumps, terminate digital inputs for two pumps onto one I/O module, and digital
inputs for the other two pumps on a separate I/O module. When multiple racks are
provided, the I/O modules should be in separate racks with separate power supplies.

2.5.4 Panel Power Distribution, I/O, and Loop Powering Practices

Provide individual fuses for each 4-20 mA signal loop.
Provide individual fuses for each group of discrete inputs for a common piece of equipment.

2.5.5 Termination of Wiring

All PLC I/O wiring shall be terminated on removable terminal strips on the individual PLC
modules that permit removing I/O modules without disconnecting the wiring. Tag and
mark all terminal blocks and individual wiring.
All wiring from the field shall terminate on separate numbered terminal blocks.
Separate groups of terminal blocks shall be provided for the following:

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-15
• Discrete inputs

• Discrete outputs

• Analog inputs

• Analog outputs.

• Each different voltage level. Each different voltage level shall also be on separate tracks
at least 6 inches apart.

• Each different voltage source within the panel.

• All outside voltage sources of a like voltage level should be grouped together, and shall
also be labeled and provided with individual disconnects.

2.5.6 Conduit Entry

Conduit entry into panels will generally be through the top or bottom. Neatly coil and
securely fasten all cabling away from equipment and entrance doors rather than laying in
the bottom of the enclosure.

2.5.7 Pilot Devices and Controls

Provide oiltight/watertight, heavy duty pilot devices and controls. Miniature type devices
are not acceptable.
Where contacts switch 115 volt signals, provide contacts rated 10 amps at 115 volts ac
minimum. Where contacts switch low voltage dc signals, provide contact material of gold or
gold flashing over silver and rated 1 A at 28 Volts dc.
Provide transformer type pilot lights utilizing low voltage lamps. On the panel, provide
either push to test type or a common lamp test button pilot lights. Pilot lights shall allow for
lens and bulb replacement through the front of the unit.

2.5.8 Relays and Timers

Where contacts switch 115 volt signals, provide contacts rated 10 amps at 115 volts ac
minimum.
Where contacts switch low voltage dc signals, provide contact material of gold or gold
flashing over silver and rated 1 A at 28 Volts dc.

2.5.9 4-20 mA Loop Indicators

Indicators shall be of the digital panel mounted type, rather than the analog gauge type.

2.6 Lightening Surge Protection and Backup Power Requirements

2.6.1 Grounding Requirements
Provide ground conductors and ground rods adequately sized and in close enough
proximity to grounded equipment, including surge protectors, to produce an impedance
between the connected equipment and ground of 3 ohms. For alternating current loads,
provide ground and neutral conductors that are no smaller than phase conductors.

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-16
2.6.2 UPS Requirements
In general provide either a UPS or battery power back up for all control panels, PLCs, DCS
components, computers, and communications equipment.
Provide the on-line type UPS that and provides power conditioning to the load and shall
automatically revert to line power after batteries are discharged without requiring manual
reset.
As a minimum UPSs provided for the Data Center, WWTP Control Centers, and Collection
System Control Center will have the capacity for maintaining control center operation for
one hour. For the Collection Control System local PLC monitoring and control, provide
battery backup power capable of maintaining the PLC and communications interface in
operator for four hours.
UPS receptacles to be color coded and identified as for UPS supplied equipment only.
Where generators are provided, the UPS shall be powered by the emergency generator bus
such that in the event of a power failure the UPS is functional for the duration the
emergency generator is operating.
Provide UPS power to communications equipment provided by Verizon and other
communications service providers. Coordinate with provider to determine specific
equipment being provided and power requirements.
It is not intended that printers, copiers, or individual instruments be required to be
connected to the UPS system.
It is not required that auxiliary control panel components such as space heaters, receptacles,
fans, etc. be connected to UPS power.
For facilities with several loads requiring UPS power, a single large facility UPS with power
distribution to loads is preferred over individual UPS located in panels or equipment
enclosures. Consult with DPW to determine acceptable configuration of UPS power
distribution.
For UPSs with distribution panels, provide bypass switches and isolation breakers so that
the UPS can be isolated and taken out of service for maintenance without disturbing the
loads it powers.
UPSs shall provide auxiliary contact outputs connected to the PLCs and DCSs for UPS
alarm, UPS Fail, Main Power Fail, and UPS bypassed.

2.6.3 Discrete Signal Line Protection

Surge protection is not required.

2.6.4 Analog Signal Line Surge Protection

4-20 mA signal circuits with any portion of the circuit traveling outside a building shall be
provided with a surge protective device at each end of the circuit.

2.6.5 Telephone Circuit Surge Protection

Unless DPW considers the protection provided by the Verizon to be adequate, provide
surge protection devices at the DMARC location between Verizon and DPW equipment.

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-17
2.6.6 Power Supply Surge Protection
Provide power surge protection at each source power connection to each power distribution
panel.
Provide power surge protection at the alternating current source power connection to each
instrument and control panel and at each voltage level within a panel.
Provide power surge protection at the source power connection to each UPS.

2.7 Control, Communications, and Power Cabling and Media Requirements

2.7.1 General
Except for designated direct-burial installations, install all cabling [copper and fiber optic] in
conduit. Separate copper and fiber optic cabling. Install fiber optic cable inside innerduct in
conduit. Individual conduit runs shall be kept to a minimum and control cabling may be
combined in common conduits and routed to centralized terminal boxes to the greatest
extent possible. Wherever combined control cables are split out of a common conduit,
provide a terminal box. Note that different control voltages shall not be combined.
To minimize the effects of lightning and surges, underground control and communication
cabling routed outside the building confines shall meet the following requirements:
• Use fiber optic cable where practical for underground or outdoor communication
between PLC components.
• Where individual control or monitoring signals must be routed outside, minimize the
routing lengths. Evaluate cost effectiveness of installing a separate remote I/O cabinet
near the monitored equipment.

2.7.2 Conductor Labeling

Wire labels shall be provided for each individual conductor and multi-conductor cable at all
termination points including termination/junction boxes. Labeling of “through” wiring
[that is conductors not terminated or spliced] at pull boxes will not be required.

2.7.3 Fiber Optic Cable

Install all fiber optic cable with at least 50 percent spare fibers and a minimum of two spare
fibers. Provide 50/125 micron, multi-mode or 9/125 micron single mode fiber optic cable.
Selection between single mode and multi-mode fiber optic cable will be based on data rate
and distance.
Terminate all fiber optic cable(including spares) in fiber optic patch panels and satisfy test
criteria. When any fibers in a cable are terminated in a patch panel, terminate all fibers in
that cable. Use patch cables installed in conduit for connection of transceivers to patch
panels. Provide all patch panels indoors with NEMA 1 enclosures. Provide all panels
outdoors in NEMA 4X enclosures.

2.7.4 Shielded Twisted Cabling

Provide shielded twisted pair or triad cabling for all analog signal circuits. Provide an
appropriate level of spare pairs or triads. For single circuits, spares are not required.

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-18
2.7.5 Multi-conductor Control Cable
Provide multi-conductor control cabling for all discrete signal wiring.
Multi-conductor control cable shall be used over single conductor control cable due to ease
of identifying individual conductors by color as well as individual conductor labeling.
Each multi-conductor control cable should provide at least 25 percent spare conductors.

2.7.6 Local Area Network and Telephone Cable and Components

All Local Area Network [LAN] and telephone cabling and components shall be listed and
rated as “Category 6” and satisfy test criteria. Route LAN and telephone cabling to
minimize proximity to alternating current wiring, transformers and lighting ballast. LAN
cabling shall satisfy test criteria for operation at 100 Mbps.

2.8 Network and Server Rack Construction Requirements

Locate network and computer racks in a physically secure location with access limited to
those responsible for operation and maintenance of the components and applications
housed in the racks. Provide both adequate, reliable temperature and humidity control and
reliable, quality electric power. Also, provide UPS capacity for maintaining operation for
one hour. Provide a minimum 3 feet of clearance both directly in front and behind the rack.
Provide racks with both front and back access for computer and network equipment.

2.8.1 Layout
In general, install heavy equipment near or at the bottom of the rack. However, install UPSs
near the top. For racks that require ventilation, install fans or cooling system at the top and
bottom.
Provide horizontal cable management above patch panels and switches with a minimum of
1 rack-mount unit of cable management for every 2 units of switches and patch panels.
Provide vertical cable management along both sides of the rack. Add power strips as
necessary to ease access and power cable management.
Provide shelves for any equipment that is not rack-mountable. Use shelves that are deeper
than the equipment it is supporting. For heavy equipment, include drawer glides.

2.8.2 Power Supply

Provide one or more, as required, dedicated 120V power circuit for each rack. Locate the
power distribution panel sourcing the power circuits inside the physically secure space
housing the racks served..

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-19
2.9 Security Requirements
2.9.1 Network and Computer Security
Provide SCADA network and computer security as shown, described herein and in
compliance with the current version of NIST SP 800-82. Network and computer security
includes access control, virus protection, and intrusion detection and prevention. Access
controls include controls provided by network appliances such as routers and firewalls, user
authentication and role-based access limitations, as well as appliance and operating system
configuration to disable unnecessary or high risk services, limit access, and establish secure
user names and passwords. Coordinate with DPW to establish secure networks and
computer systems.

2.9.2 Physical Security

Coordinate with DPW to establish physical security requirements for pump stations and
plants. For control centers and data centers, locate all computers, including both servers and
workstations, in a locked temperature controlled room with reliable conditioned power.
Limit access to the control centers to the staff performing maintenance on the system. Use
KVM extenders to support a keyboard, dual monitors, mouse, and dual speakers in the
control room for each workstation.
All control panels are required to be pad-lockable and have door closed switches. Control
panels at collection system locations are to include a panel intrusion alarm. Certain
collection system location panels may be required to be capable of accepting a Gate OPEN,
Door OPEN, INTRUSION (alarm from an intrusion detector), and AUTHORIZED
INTRUDER discrete inputs. Video intrusion alarm assessment, when required, is expected
to be provided separately and not require control panel expansion.
Necessity of video intrusion assessment or intrusion monitoring via discrete inputs will be
determined during design and may significantly impact digital cellular network monthly
costs. When necessary, design video intrusion systems to include local digital video
recorders with the following capabilities:
1. Suitable for installation in industrial, NEMA 4X areas.
2. Capable of storing 30 days of video for each camera at 4 frames per second (fps).
3. Capable of producing event clips which start a preset time before the event and end a
preset time after the event.
Design intrusion detection systems to eliminate false negative and minimize false negative
events. For intrusion alarm assessment provide fixed cameras with manually adjustable
lenses capable of full color operation at 2.4 lux reflected light level and a 50 IRE sensitivity of
0.59 lux. Design lighting systems to provide adequate illumination for proper camera
operation and to maintain a contrast ratio of better than 4:1.

3.0 Network and Other Communication Requirements

3.1 Overview
The following three types of networks are anticipated:

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1. A digital cellular wireless network for connection of the pump stations and wireless
mobile laptops to the collection system process control network.
2. Local area networks (LANs) at each of the WWTP for interconnecting DCS components,
the Collection System Control Center for interconnecting DCS and HMI components,
each pump station for interconnecting the PLC, digital cellular modem, and at the
operations data center for interconnecting DCS components.
3. A digital wireline network for interconnecting the Operations Data Center, the three
WWTP Control Centers and the Collection System Control Center.

3.2 Digital Cellular Network

Work with DPW and Verizon to transfer ownership of the existing Verizon digital cellular
communication network installed in Phase 4 of the on going pump Station SCADA project.
Make site visits to pump stations to determine antenna locations verify received signal
strengths greater than -80 dB. Where signal strengths are lower than -80 dB, add antenna
amplifiers to achieve at least -80 dB. When, -80 dB is not achievable with a signal amplifier,
select another communications method based on available alternatives and the relative
importance of the pump station.
Convert the Verizon service to a Fixed-End Service (FES), Code Division Multiple Access
with Frequency Division Duplex (CDMA/FDD) radio technology, and Ethernet digital
cellular interfaces capable of providing Network Address Translation (NAT) and
supporting Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections.
Work with DPW and Verizon to develop an acceptable SLA and service contract. Include
adequate support to assure reliable operation and timely notification and repair of outages.
Also, verify that any appliance management ports required by Verizon provide adequate
security. If practical, integrate the FES and digital cellular network into a single contract and
SLA with the digital wireline network.

3.3 Local Area Networks

Provide LANs that provide both redundant switches and redundant media for each LAN
connected computer or controller. Use the same network topology for all LANs except the
pump station LANS. Work with the DCS provider to assure that the LAN design satisfies
DCS requirements, can be configured and maintained by the DCS provider, and can be
monitored by the DCS system. For LAN components installed outside the control centers
and data center, use industrially hardened appliances.
For pump stations provide a single industrially hardened switch supporting necessary
protocols and suitable for installation in the pump station environment.
There may also be plant applications where a wireless LAN (WLAN) alternative is adequate
and cost effective. For these applications address reliability, capacity and security issues on
a case-by-case basis.

3.4 Digital Wireline Network

Provide a digital wireline supporting IP protocol. The planned initial data rate is 1.5 million
bits per second (Mbps) using a service such as Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS).
Advantages of this interface include scalability flexibility, and life-cycle cost effectiveness.

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-21
Work with DPW and the data communications network provider to select a product that
satisfies DPW needs including providing adequate capacity, ability to handle internet
protocol (IP) traffic, acceptable reliability and SLA, and reasonable cost. Also, verify that any
appliance management ports required by the provider provide adequate security.

4.0 Functional Requirements

4.1 General Requirements
Requirements for environmental, physical security, reliability and redundancy apply
equally to all computers, communications and network equipment.
Requirements for pump stations and DCS equipment located in electrical rooms and process
areas differ and are addressed individually.

4.2 Monitoring and Control

4.2.1 Local Autonomous Control
At local equipment control panels or motor control centers, provide stand-alone, local
autonomous equipment control such that the equipment is not dependent on
communications links or operator intervention.
It is intended that all automatic control and equipment sequencing be accomplished
through PLCs and DCS controllers. It is intended that all equipment sequencing for motor
restart after a power outage be programmed into the PLC or DCS. Hardwired time delay
relays in individual starters are not required. Since most equipment is controlled in a remote
manual mode, automatic restart generally applies only to restoration of last state after a
power failure.

4.2.2 Hard-Wired Backup Control

Hard-wired backup controls are not required for most equipment, but need to be evaluated
for each piece of equipment.
Specifically, pressure switches on the pump station bubbler systems provide hard-wired
logic to maintain limited pump station operation in the event of a or PLC malfunction.

4.2.3 Local Manual Control

The local control panel or motor control center operator interface will provide for local
manual equipment control that will override PLC or DCS control. It is intended that local
manual control will be used primarily for maintenance functions and not operation. Hard-
wired safety interlocks such as HIGH motor temperature will prevent manual equipment
operation.

4.2.4 Equipment Protection and Safety

In general hardwire protective devices which are required for electrical protection and
personnel safety directly into individual equipment controllers or starters to eliminate
reliance on PLCs or DCS controllers.

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-22
4.2.5 Maintained Versus Momentary Controls
It is intended that all discrete outputs from the PLCs or DCS controllers to individual
equipment controllers be maintained contact outputs such that seal in contacts are not
required in the control circuit.

4.2.6 PLC and DCS Monitoring of Equipment Status

As a minimum, each equipment controller and control station shall provide isolated,
maintained contacts to the PLC to monitor each of the following:

• Equipment Running/Stopped.
• Equipment in Auto and ready to operate.
• Equipment Fail.

4.2.7 Control of Variable Speed Drives

Use Fieldbus interfaces to variable speed drives for speed monitoring and control, status
monitoring, and drive control, as well as for monitoring other useful information such as
motor current and drive diagnostics.
In general, provide local manual control at the drive. However, some critical applications
may require local manual start/stop or even speed control at the equipment.

4.2.8 Local Operator Interface

In general, local operator interface requirements shall be evaluated for each piece of equipment.
However, for pump station applications, provide local operator interfaces that, as a
minimum, include the following indicators and controls:
a) Common FAIL Beacon.
b) Motor Elapsed Runtime Meters.
c) Pump ON, HIGH Moisture, HIGH Temperature Indication.
d) Motor Current Indication with a Phase (A, B, C) selector.
e) Wetwell Level Indication.
f) Wetwell HIGH HIGH and LOW level pressure switch alarm indication
g) Pump Station Discharge Pressure
h) Pump Station Discharge Flow for new or replacement pump stations.

4.2.9 Remote Operator Interface

Remote operator interface requirements include provisions for HAND/OFF/AUTO (HOA)
selectors for remote manual override control and duplication of the indicators and controls
of the local operator interface. Also provide any additional monitoring and control displays
and pop-ups required to support automated sequencing and analog control.

4.3 Alarm Segregation, Categorization, Prioritization, and Conditioning

4.3.1 Alarm Conditioning
Alarm conditioning in addition to that provided by each PLC will be required to account for
conditions external to the plant and to further reduce nuisance alarms and improve alarm
response. For example, suppress FAIL alarms and performance alarms such as LOW FLOW

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-23
should be for equipment for which the power has failed. Provide supervisor adjustable de-
bounce delays to reduce nuisance alarms for analog variables.
Develop specific alarm conditioning rules during design and finalize them during
construction. The goal is that any critical alarm requires immediate attention and that other
alarms require timely action. Log events or low priority alarms that aren’t annunciated for
which a response can be scheduled.

4.3.2 Logical Alarm Summary Displays

A logical alarm summary presentation on alarm summary displays is required to ease the
decision process during emergencies.

4.3.3 Alarm Prioritization

Alarms prioritization is required with only critical and important alarms presented on alarm
summaries. Log other, lower priority, alarms and place them in categories such as Plant
Performance, Plant Capacity, etc to ease performance analysis and maintenance scheduling.

4.4 Trending and Reporting

4.4.1 Historical Trending
Easy access and flexible graphical presentation of historical trend data over the last two
years is required to support operational analysis and maintenance planning. To prevent loss
of data after two years, also provide an automated easy to use process for periodically
archiving historical trend data to removable media.

4.4.2 Plant Historical Data

Provide dual, redundant historical data scanners on two of the DCS operator workstations
in each plant control center to collect plant historical data and transmit it to the historical
data server.

4.4.3 Collection System Historical Data

Provide a DCS workstation and scanner in the Collection System Control Center to collect
collection system historical data. Depending on the digital cellular contract and other issues
use either parallel polling of the collection system PLCs or an the collection system HMI
servers OPC servers to obtain the historical data. Work with DPW in determining what data

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-24
4.4.4 Relational Database Interface
The DCS historical database is expected to be proprietary with both an applications
programming interface (API) and a Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) interface. Either
the API or ADO interface can be used by a custom applications program to move selected
data from the DCS historical database to the C-P Oracle database. Work with C-P and the
DCS manufacturer to develop requirements for and deliver the necessary application
programming. It may be necessary to locate an Oracle database server in the Operations
Data Center to reduce firewall configuration complexity and reduce security risks.

4.4.5 CMMS Interface

It is possible that a computerized maintenance management system (CMMS) or other
information management system interface will be required for the historical data servers to
support preventative maintenance scheduling.

4.4.6 Reporting Application

Provide a single reporting application for producing reports from both the DCS historical
database and the C-P Oracle relational database.

4.4.7 Operation Reports

Work with DPW to determine operational reporting needs and develop an automated
system for producing reports using the DCS historian. Determine which report variables are
measurements and which must be manually entered, for lab analysis for example.
Configure the historian to provide forms for manual data entry and for maintaining the
manual entries in the historical data records.

4.4.8 Regulatory and Performance Reports

Regulatory Reports
Work with DPW to determine regulatory reporting needs and develop an automated
system for producing reports using the DCS historian. For the collection systems regulatory
reports are generally not required. However, internal management reports are needed that
summarize periodic collection system performance to track performance against the consent
decree.

Performance Reports
Monthly performance reports are needed to track system performance, maintenance
activity, significant events, as well as operating and maintenance costs.

4.5 Access for Mobile Operators and Maintenance Staff

4.5.1 Notification of Critical Alarms
Mobile operators and maintenance staff need to receive notification of appropriate critical
alarms.

4.5.2 Critical Alarm Delivery Method

A flexible system that is capable of being reconfigured to use the best available delivery
alternative is required for forwarding appropriate critical alarms to mobile staff.

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Initially, the most likely method of delivery will be text messaging to cell phones. However,
as communications technologies continue to evolve, the delivery system needs to be easily
reconfigured to take advantage of current technologies. The existing DPW cell phone
contract does not support text messaging. So, it’s possible that voice messaging will have to
be used.

4.5.3 Critical Alarm Assignment Method

An easy to use configuration tool is needed for selecting critical alarms for mobile delivery
and assigning those alarms to one or more mobile staff.

4.5.4 Mobile Laptop Workstations

Provide Collection System operators and maintenance staff with hardened mobile laptop
computers and digital cellular wireless cards linking the cards to the private digital cellular
network for use in monitoring collection system performance and in resolving collection
system problems. These laptops will use browser access to the Collection System HMI
servers to display graphics displays, view process trends, and review alarm summaries.

4.6 SCADA System Service, Support, Upgrade and Migration

4.6.1 System, Service, Support, Upgrade and Migration Schedule
Provide a projected schedule of recurring expenses for system service, support, upgrade and
migration to DPW for use in preparing annual budgets. Provide a schedule that can be
easily updated by DPW on a annual basis to make adjustments as necessary expenses and
expense costs vary.
Prepare a draft schedule early in design so that C-P can consider these costs when making
technology and equipment selections. Update the schedule routinely throughout design and
construction of the SCADA system. Include all of the items listed below, as well as any
others that are being considered for the SCADA system.
Work with providers and manufacturers to determine the appropriate service/support
product suites for DPW and in developing SLA covering services provided, performance
parameters, response times and provider penalties for failure to comply with stipulated
performance and response times.

4.6.2 Service
Service fees include monthly fees for items such as out-sourced data centers, ISP, out-
sourced communications links, leased SCADA components, as well as annual hardware and
software service agreements. Except for out-sourced communication link technicians, these
services are generally delivered by remote service provider staff and using service provider
facilities.

4.6.3 Support
Support is needed for repair, upgrade and routine maintenance of specialty SCADA
hardware and software such as computers, DCSs, PLCs and HMI software installed at DPW
facilities and out-sourced data centers. In contrast to the service item, support is routinely
delivered by technicians and engineers that actually visit the site to perform physical
inspection, maintenance, repair and upgrade. Some support services, such as software

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service patch installation, may be delivered by remote technicians under DPW supervision
using secure communications links.

4.6.4 Upgrade
Periodic upgrades are needed to keep hardware and software current. Upgrades are less
frequent, more expensive and better scheduled than system support work. Upgrades
usually require outages and configuration adjustments. To reduce disruption typically one
of several workstations or redundant servers is upgraded, tuned and put back on line before
others are upgraded.

4.6.5 Migration
Migration is needed to allow moving from one application, platform, service, topology or
media to a replacement application, platform, service, topology or media. Migration needs
usually are driven by technological advancement, market conditions or evolving DPW
needs.

5.0 Application Programming Requirements

5.1 General Requirements
Develop detailed control descriptions in accordance with this design criteria and the
Standard Loop Specification document in Appendix H.
Provide for delivery of the following from the DCS manufacturer and/or the SCADA
integrator:
• DCS and PLC application programming.
• OWS Workstations and HMI application programming plant including updates to OWS
software screens including communications, runtime, totalizers, and historian.

6.0 Coordination and Submittal Requirements

Coordinate the work as follows:

• During design, submit and incorporate DPW comments at major design milestones.
• Provide and conduct routine coordination meetings with representatives of all parties
during construction and starting with a pre-construction meeting.
• Facilitate DPW review and adjudicate DPW comments on all submittals.
• Coordinate testing activities.
• Facilitate DPW participation and adjudicate DPW issues in all testing.
• Maintain and coordinate resolution of punch lists for all testing and inspection activities.
Provide the following submittals:

• Design submittals including Schematic Design, Design Development, and Contract

Document.
• Component submittals for all contractor furnished components
• Plans showing equipment layouts and locations
• Assembly submittals for all assemblies

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-27
• Cable plans showing cable routing
• Installation details showing equipment and assemble
• Electronic and hard copies of all O&M information and manuals

7.0 Documentation Standards

7.1 Naming and Numbering Standards
Use the tag numbering and naming standards described in Section 2.2.

7.2 Drawings, Control Strategy Descriptions, Data Sheets and Lists

7.2.1 General
Provide design and construction documentation conforming to the following standards.
Inclusion of detailed PLC and DCS panel drawings in the Contract Documents is intended
to clarify requirements for bidders providing more competitive bids.

When Required Description

Included in Contract Documents Loop Diagrams

Preliminary Construction Submittal Prior to Procurement

Final Prior to Field Testing

Included in Contract Documents. Ladder Logic Diagrams

Preliminary Construction Submittal Prior to Procurement

Final Prior to Field or Factory Testing as applicable

Prior to Field or Factory Testing as applicable Interconnection Wiring Diagrams

Included in Contract Documents Panel Layouts and Schedules

Preliminary Construction Submittal Prior to Procurement

Final Prior to Field or Factory Testing as applicable

Prior to Factory Testing Data Cable Plans

Included in Contract Documents Typical Mounting and Installation Details

Included in Contract Documents Control Strategies/Loop Descriptions

Included in Contract Documents Control System Block Diagram

Preliminary Construction Submittal Prior to Procurement

Final Prior to Field or Factory Testing as applicable

Included in Contract Documents. Programmable Controller I/O/DCS Controller List

Preliminary Construction Submittal Prior to Procurement

Final Prior to Field or Factory Testing as applicable

Prior to Procurement Instrument Data Sheets

Prior to Installation Field Cable and Wire Schedule or Plans

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-28
 When Required Description

Included in Contract Documents Control Room Layout Floor Plans

Preliminary Construction Submittal Prior to Procurement

Final Prior to Field Testing

7.2.2 Drawings
Loop Diagrams
Detailed loop diagrams shall be provided for all control loops. Typical diagrams may not be
used. At a minimum, loop diagrams shall include content required by ANSI/ISA S5.4
Instrument Loop Diagrams. In addition to the minimum standards set by ANSI/ISA-5.4, the
following information must also be included on the loop diagrams.

• Specific location of each device, such as area, panel location, rack number, etc.

• Instrumentation, equipment, and component descriptions, manufacturers, and model

numbers.

• Signal ranges and calibration information, including set point values for switches and
alarm and shutdown devices

• PLC/DCS related items such as Input/Output (I/O) type and address, PLC/DCS rack
number, PLC/DCS slot number, PLC/DCS point number, PLC/DCS number, and
PLC/DCS equipment manufacturer and part numbers.
The loop diagrams must depict the complete wiring of each control loop. References to shop
drawings or manufacturers' shop drawings for continuation of wiring will not be acceptable
except where such reference is to contact inputs or relay outputs. Divide each loop diagram
into areas for PLC/DCS, panel, and field.

Ladder Logic Diagrams

For discrete control and power circuits provide electrical ladder diagrams. Include devices
related to discrete functions that require electrical connections. Show unique rung numbers
on the diagram and depict and identify all terminal connections. Show each circuit
individually and show names corresponding to other drawings or documentation for
circuits entering and leaving an enclosure or panel. Include the following as a minimum:

• Terminals: Location (enclosure number, terminal junction box number, or motor control
center number), terminal strip number, and terminal block number.

• Discrete Components:
– Tag number, terminal numbers and location
– Switching Action, set point value and units, and process variable description

• I/O points: PLC/DCS cabinet unit number, I/O tag number, I/O address, terminal
numbers and terminal strip numbers.

• Relay Coils:

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-29
 – Tag Number and its function
– Contact location by ladder number and sheet number

• Relay Contacts: Coil tag number, function, and coil location (ladder rung and sheet
number)

• Ground wires, surge protectors and connections

Interconnection Wiring Diagrams

Interconnection wiring diagrams for control panels and PLC/DCS enclosures shall be
provided. The interconnection wiring diagrams are to show the control or PLC/DCS panel
internal wiring and the associated interconnections with field elements and equipment.
"Typical" diagrams or "typical" wire lists may not be used; show each circuit individually.
The diagrams must depict the complete interconnection wiring. References to shop
drawings or manufacturers' shop drawings for continuation of wiring will not be acceptable
except where such reference is to contact inputs or relay outputs.
As a minimum, the interconnection wiring diagrams will show the following.

• Panel instrumentation and control components’ tag number, description, terminals,

scale range, and calibration information (such as setpoints).
• Internal terminal strip number and terminal number assignments.
• Internal wire number assignments.
• General location of devices such as field or panel.
• All point-to-point interconnections with identifying numbers of electrical cable or wire.
• Field element tag number, description, terminals, location (e.g. "FIELD", enclosure, MCC
number), and signal range and calibration information (such as setpoints).
• Circuit name or field wire numbers for wires entering or leaving a panel.
• PLC/DCS related items such as Input/Output (I/O) type and address, PLC/DCS rack
number, PLC/DCS slot number, PLC/DCS point number, PLC/DCS number, and
PLC/DCS components part numbers.
• Overall panel power wiring showing primary source of panel power, voltages, branch
circuits, and power connections to panel and field devices.
• Energy sources of devices (field, panel, or otherwise) such as electrical power. Identify
voltage and other applicable requirements. For electrical sources, identify circuit or
disconnect numbers.

Panel Layout and Schedules

Detailed drawings of the construction and layout of all control panels and PLC/DCS
enclosures must be provided. The drawings should show the following.

• Scale Drawings: Show dimensions and location of panel mounted devices, doors,
louvers, and subpanels, internal and external.

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• Construction Details showing panel NEMA rating, enclosure dimensions, panel
configuration (e.g. type of mounting), panel material, internal backplate dimensions,
and other construction details.
• Instrumentation and control components schedule include item number, tag
designations, nameplate inscriptions, instrument scale, and any other special
information and remarks required for clarity.
• Bill of materials indicating item identifier, tag number, description, manufacturer, model
number, and quantity.
• Construction Notes: Panel wire color schemes, wire and terminal block numbering and
labeling scheme.
If possible, the components schedule and bill of materials should appear on the same
drawing as the panel layout.

Data Cable Plans

Provide sufficient documentation to illustrate data cable routing and installation
conformance to cable, PLC/DCS, communication hardware manufacturer installation
specifications and requirements.

Typical Mounting and Installation Details

Typical mounting and installation details shall be developed for all instruments and control
system components. To maintain quality and consistency, these details should be used
whenever possible. Provide enough detailed information to avoid confusion and prevent
field instruments and panels from being improperly mounted, installed, and used. In
general the instrument installation should conform to standard industry practices as shown
in American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice 550 (API RP 550), “Manual on
Installation of Refinery Instruments and Control Systems” and other standard references
such as the “Instrument Engineers Handbook” (B. Liptak, Chilton Book Co) and
“Instrumentation Handbook for Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants” (R. Skretner,
Lewis Publishers).

Floor Plans of Control Room Layout

Develop floor plans for all new and modified control rooms. Location plans shall be
sufficiently detailed so as to allow determination of usability.

Location Plans
Develop location plans which show locations of instruments, panels, and equipment.

Control System Block Diagrams

Provide block diagrams that are more detailed versions of those included in these design
criteria and depict the following:

• Locations, interconnection and physical topology of PLCs/DCSs and computer

workstations. and their in-plant communications networks.
• Data communications cabling. Show type of cable (coaxial, fiber optic) and connections.

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-31
• Individual PLC/DCS configuration including number of racks, power supplies, I/O
cards, etc.

7.2.3 Control Strategies / Loop Descriptions

Develop control narratives from Appendix H, Standard Loop Specifications as well as
existing PLC/DCS programs and operator interface and data processing functions. Provide
two sets of narratives for PLCs/DCSs; one set for use before the SCADA upgrade and
modifications to support the SCADA upgrade. The narrative shall be a concise, easy-to-
follow description of the control sequence, algorithm, and interfaces with other strategies
and equipment. Narrative descriptions may be supplemented by logic diagrams.

7.2.4 DCS and PLC I/O List and Settings

Develop DCS and PLC I/O list using the latest version of Microsoft Excel®. Include all
PLC/DCS I/O list parameters with the exception of the I/O mapping address (PLCADDR);
the PLCADDR, which will be added during application software development.
The PLC I/O list shall include as a minimum the following data fields.

Field Name Field Description

TAG The ISA tag number for the data point (as described under
"Instrumentation and Control Loop Tagging System" heading)

DESCRIPT A brief description of the function and location of the point

SGNLTYPE Input or output signal type. Signal types include:

AI = Analog Input
AO = Analog Output
DI = Discrete Input
DO = Discrete Output
IOADDR The particular input or output address in the PLC/DCS controller.

RACKNO The rack number or address that the I/O point is located.

This field will be left blank when IOADDR is PLC or DCS controller.

SLOTNO The slot number in the rack that the I/O point is located.

This field will be left blank when IOADDR is PLC or DCS controller.

POINTNO The point number in the slot that the I/O point is located.

This field will be left blank when IOADDR is PLC or DCS controller.

PLCNUM The PLC or DCS controller number (or station number) that owns the
I/O address.

PLCADDR Internal PLC or DCS controller address for I/O mapping and
communication between PLC and PMCS

LORANGE For analog point: The lowest value of the data point in
engineering units. This typically
corresponds to a 4 mADC signal.
For discrete point: This field will be left blank.

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-32
 Field Name Field Description

HIRANGE For analog point: The highest value of the data point in
engineering units. This typically
corresponds to a 20 mADC signal.
For discrete point: This field will be left blank.

LOALARM The value in engineering units of the point at which a low value alarm
is initiated.

For discrete points, this field will be left blank.

LOLOALARM The value in engineering units of the point at which a low low value
alarm is initiated.

For discrete points, this field will be left blank.

HIALARM The value in engineering units of the point at which a high value
alarm is initiated.

For discrete points, this field will be left blank.

HIHIALARM The value in engineering units of the point at which a high high value
alarm is initiated.

For discrete points, this field will be left blank.

EU The engineering units that the ranges and alarms are specified in.

For discrete points, this field will be blank.

STATUS For discrete points: A word to describe what the status of the point is
when the data point is set high (true). STATUS words include:
ON
OFF
STRT (Start)
STOP
OPND (Opened)
CLSD (Closed)
FWD (Forward)
REV (Reverse)
AUTO (Automatic)
MAN (Manual)
CASC (Cascade)
REM (Remote)
LOC (Local)
HI (High)
HIHI (High-High)
LO (Low)
LOLO (Low-Low)
FAIL (Fail)
TRBL (Trouble)
ALM (Alarm)
For analog points, this field will be left blank.

7.2.5 Instrument Data Sheets

Provide instrumentation data sheets for all instrumentation and panel components. Data
sheets provided are to be similar to ISA data sheets, ISA standard ISA-S20 Specification
Forms for Process Measurement and Control Instruments, Primary Elements and Control
Valves. Data sheets for instrumentation and control components shall include the following
information, as applicable:

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-33
• Instrument tag number
• Instrument type
• Instrument location or service
• Manufacturer and complete model number
• Size and scale range
• Setpoints
• Materials of construction
• Power requirements
• Mounting type
• Options included

7.2.6 Field Cable and Wire Schedule or Plans

All field wire, cables, and circuits shall be documented either on schedules or drawings. A
field cable and wire schedule should include as a minimum the following information:

• Field cable and wire tag/number. Field cable and wire tagging scheme is outlined under
"Field Cable and Wire Numbering System" heading.
• Indicate the quantity, type, and size of wire or cable (as applicable)
• Indicate origination of circuit
• Indicate destination of circuit
If drawings are used, include the above information, as a minimum, on the drawings.

8.0 Testing Procedures And Test Documentation

8.1 General
Factory Demonstration Tests, Operational Readiness Tests, and Performance Acceptance
Tests are required for all work.
All tests performed may be witnessed by a representative of the City’s staff or their
designee. Coordinate schedules and activities associated with all tests with the City’s staff.
Submittal requirements for each set of tests include draft test procedures, final procedures
reflecting City review comments and completed test documentation including the initials of
the person completing the tests and the signature of the witness.

8.2 Factory Demonstration Test (FDT)

Test fabricated panels, enclosures, or systems at their assembly location (referred to herein
as "factory"). Test and verify panel power wiring, panel internal point-to-point wiring, and
panel functions such as indicating lights, switch operation, and indicator operation.
Simulate inputs and outputs for field primary elements, field final control elements,
PLC/DCSs, and all other equipment excluded from the test to demonstrate that the panel or
system is interconnected and operational. Include PLC/DCSs in the test.
Correct any deficiencies found prior to shipment of equipment and panels to site. Failed
Factory Demonstration Test shall be repeated and may be witnessed by the City.

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-34
8.3 Operational Readiness Test (ORT)
Conduct Operational Readiness Test (ORT) to inspect, test, and document that each system
or subsystem being commissioned is ready for operation. For wellfield panels, test each
panel separately just prior to startup. Test all loop, power, and interconnection wiring for
proper termination and functionality.
Complete loop status reports and component calibration sheets for each component. Use
loop status reports to organize and track inspection, adjustment, and calibration of each
loop and include the following.

• Project name
• Loop number
• Loop description
• Tag number for each component.
• Checkoffs/Signoffs for each component: Tag/identification, installation, termination
wiring, termination tubing, calibration/adjustment
• Checkoffs/Signoffs for the loop: Panel interface terminations, I/O interface terminations
with PLC/DCSs
• I/O Signals for PLC/DCSs are operational: Received/sent, processed, adjusted
• Total loop operational
• Space for comments
Component calibration sheet for each active instrument and panel component (except
simple hand switches, lights, gauges, and similar items) and each PLC/DCS I/O module
shall include the following:

• Project name
• Loop number
• Component tag number or I/O module number
• Manufacturer
• Model number/serial number
• Summary of Operational Readiness requirements, for example:
− Indicators and recorders, scale and chart ranges.
− Transmitters/converters, input and output ranges.
− Computing elements' function.
− Controllers, action (direct/reverse) and control modes (PID).
− Switching elements, unit range, differential (fixed/adjustable), reset (auto/manual).
− I/O Modules: Input or output.
• Calibrations, for example, but not limited to:
− Analog Devices: Actual inputs and outputs at 0, 10, 50, and 100 percent of span,
rising and falling.
− Discrete Devices: Actual trip points and reset points.
− Controllers: Mode settings (PID).
− I/O Modules: Actual inputs or outputs of 0, 10, 50, and 100 percent of span, rising
and falling.
• Space for comments.
Correct any deficiencies encountered during the ORT prior to startup.

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-35
8.4 Performance Acceptance Tests (PAT):
Once ORT has been completed and facility has been started up, perform a witnessed
Performance Acceptance Test (PAT) for each completed system or subsystem to
demonstrate compliance with contract documents. Demonstrate each required function on a
paragraph-by-paragraph, loop-by-loop, and site-by-site basis. For wellfield panels, the PAT
will be conducted immediately following the deficiency correction for the ORT.
Perform local and manual tests for each loop before proceeding to remote and automatic
modes. Where possible, verify test results using visual confirmation of process equipment
and actual process variables. Exercise and observe new and existing devices as needed to
verify correct signals to and from such devices and to confirm overall system functionality.
Test verification by means of disconnecting wires, measuring signal levels, or simulation is
acceptable only where direct operation of equipment is not practical.
PAT forms shall include:

• Project name
• Loop number
• Loop functional requirements
• Brief description of the demonstration test
• Cite required test results which will verify proper performance
• Space for signoff by witness

9.0 Operations and Maintenance Manuals

Provide Operations and Maintenance Manuals in electronic form for all work. Provide
manuals with enough detail to allow operation, removal, installation, adjustment,
calibration, maintenance and procurement of spare parts for each component. Develop
manuals in a stepwise process including manual outline, preliminary manual and final
manual submittals.

10.0 Training
Provide the following training:

• PLC/DCS maintenance and applications programming training for each type PLC/DCS
provided. Provide standard manufacturer’s training classes for five of the City’s staff.
Include all tuition, travel costs from the Baton Rouge area, and per diem costs for all
staff for the duration of the training.

• Application programming training for each computer software application provided.

Provide standard manufacturer’s training classes for five of the City’s staff. Include all
tuition, travel costs from the Baton Rouge area, and per diem costs for all staff for the
duration of the training..

• Operations training of the HMI graphical user interface. Provide application-specific

training in the use of the graphics provided, report production, trending, historical data
collection and storage, and all other custom software and programming associated with
this implementation. Include on-site training for up to 15 of the City’s staff.

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-36
11.0 Spare Parts and Maintenance Service Agreements
Spare parts and maintenance support requirements will be determined during design.

GNV310133631748(APPB).DOC/081640018 B-37
 Appendix C
Pump Station Facility Design Criteria
Pump Station Facility Design Criteria

The following is a list of general pump station process design criteria that will be used in
establishing monitoring and control requirements for all future pump stations:

Pump Station
• All pump stations will be duplex, triplex, or otherwise have an even number of pumps.

• All pumps will be submersible with moisture and temperature monitoring and
protection.

• Duplex and triplex pump stations will have two or three constant speed pumps, as well
as a generator plug and manual transfer switch for connection of a portable generator.

• Pump stations with more than three pumps will have adjustable frequency drives for all
pumps, as well as permanent standby power generators with automatic transfer switches.

• Pump stations with more than three pumps will have divided wetwells including
duplicate level instrumentation.

• Pump stations will not have grinders.

• Instrumentation, monitoring and control will be provided in accordance with the Pump
Station Monitoring and Control Criteria including the following:

− Analog Discharge Flow and Pressure measurement.

− Analog Wetwell and Diversion Structure (if in design): Level measurement in each
wetwell chamber.
− 3-phase power monitors with analog Phase Voltage and Current, and Station Power
measurements (for pump stations with more than two pumps only).
− Discrete HIGH, HIGH HIGH and LOW Level switches.
− Phase Fault contact input.
− Lower explosive limit (LEL) measurements in wetwells.
− Pump runtime, as well as the actual time-of-day when pumps are running will be
derived from the pump ON status input and the programmable logic controller’s
real-time clock.
• Provisions for non-liquid-scrubber type odor control will be provided for all pump
stations. Where, appropriate odor control will be included in the initial pump station
design. Odor control systems will include:

− Modulating flow control dampers.

− Constant speed blowers.
− HIGH Differential Pressure switches.
− Incoming analog Hydrogen Sulfide measurement.
• Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) monitoring and control will be provided in
accordance with the Pump Station Monitoring and Control Criteria.

GNV310133631749(APPC).DOC C-1
• Local operator interface including hard-wired manual override equipment control and
touch-screen monitoring and control of automatic sequencing, setpoints and alarm
conditions.

Generators
• Transfer Switch position switches.

• Generator RUNNING and FAIL contacts.

Storage Tanks
• Tank mixers.

• Instrumentation, monitoring and control will be provided in accordance with the Pump
Station Monitoring and Control Criteria including the following

− Analog Discharge Flow measurement.

− Modulating plug type discharge valves to control return flow from storage to the
pump station compartment for insertion back into the sanitary sewer system
− Tank Structure HIGH HIGH Level switches.
− Tank analog Level measurement.
− LEL measurement.

Facilities
• Pump stations with more than three pumps will have an electrical building.

• Analog panel temperature measurement for facilities without buildings and analog
building temperature measurement for facilities with buildings.

• All pump stations will be fenced to limit physical access to facilities. Where chainlink
fencing is inappropriate, secure, low-maintenance metal or masonry decorative fencing
will be used. Otherwise chainlink fencing will be used.

• Gate drives will not be provided.

• Gate CLOSED switches will be provided.

• For pump stations without buildings, outer control panel door CLOSED switches will be
provided.

• For pump stations with buildings, building door CLOSED switches will be provided.

• Electrical Buildings will be air conditioned to reduce humidity and maintain the
temperature below the high temperature limits of electrical and instrument/control
equipment.

• Ethernet Local Area Network (LAN) pump stations communications which is suitable
for future addition of digital video remote event assessment will be used at all pump
stations. Communication links connecting pump stations to the central Pump Station
Data Servers will not initially have capacity to support the video event assessment traffic
and will require upgrade or replacement when video event assessment is added.

GNV310133631749(APPC).DOC C-2
 Appendix D
WWTP Facility Design Criteria
Wastewater Treatment Plants Facility Design
Criteria

The following is a list of general wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) facility design criteria
that will be used in establishing monitoring and control requirements for future
modifications and upgrades at WWTPs:

Mechanically Cleaned Bar Screens

• Self-contained package control system including differential level measurement and
local control panel.

• At the package system supplier’s discretion, the package control system can include a
programmable logic controller (PLC) and local weatherproof human machine interface
(HMI).

• Instrumentation and controls will be provided in accordance with the Bar Screen
Remote DCS Monitoring and Local Control Criteria including the following:

− Level and Differential Level analog signals.

− HIGH Differential Level and JAM alarm contacts.
− ON status contacts.

Grit Removal
• Self-contained package control system including a local classifier control panel.

• At the package system supplier’s discretion, the package control system can include a
PLC and local weatherproof HMI.

• Instrumentation and controls will be provided in accordance with the Grit Removal
Remote DCS Monitoring and Local Control Criteria including the following:

− General alarm contacts.

− ON status contacts.

Splitter Boxes
• Fixed or manual weirs.

• HIGH level switch contacts when structure can overflow.

Raw Sewage Pump Stations

• All pump stations will have an even number of pumps.

• All pumps will be submersible with moisture and temperature monitoring and
protection.

GNV310133631750(APPD).DOC/081640020 D-1
• Pump stations will generally have adjustable frequency drives for all pumps.

• Pump stations with more than two pumps may have divided wetwells including
duplicate level instrumentation when needed to satisfy reliability requirements.

• Instrumentation, monitoring and control will be provided in accordance with the Pump
Station Monitoring and Control Criteria including the following:

− Analog Discharge Flow and Pressure measurement when required for process
monitoring and control purposes.
− Analog Wetwell Level measurement in each wetwell chamber.
− 3-phase power monitors with analog Phase Voltage and Current, and Station Power
measurements (for pump stations with more than two pumps only). These are
expected to be networked onto a fieldbus network for communications to the DCS
which will provide additional useful information.
− Discrete HIGH, HIGH HIGH and LOW Level switches.
− Lower explosive limit (LEL) measurements in wetwells when required to satisfy
NFPA 820.
− Pump runtime, as well as the actual time-of-day when pumps are running will be
derived from the pump ON status input and the programmable logic controller’s
real-time clock.
• Distributed Control System (DCS) monitoring and control will be provided in
accordance with the Pump Station Monitoring and Control Criteria.

• Local operator interface including hard-wired manual override equipment control,

including speed adjustment, and hard-wired indicators for important conditions such as
ON, FAIL. Larger or critical pump stations may have local HMI.

Primary Settling Basins:

• Self-contained package control system including a local control panel.

• At the package system supplier’s discretion, the package control system can include a
PLC and local weatherproof HMI.

• Instrumentation and controls will be provided in accordance with the Basin Remote
DCS Monitoring and Local Control Criteria including the following:

− HIGH, HIGH HIGH Torque and Fail alarm contacts.

− ON status contacts.
− Sludge pump In Remote, On status contacts.
− Sludge pump Fail alarm contacts.
− Flow paced sludge pump control.

GNV310133631750(APPD).DOC/081640020 D-2
Trickling Filters

Final Settling Basins:

• Self-contained package control system including a local control panel.

• At the package system supplier’s discretion, the package control system can include a
PLC and local weatherproof HMI.

• Instrumentation and controls will be provided in accordance with the Basin Remote
DCS Monitoring and Local Control Criteria including the following:

− HIGH, HIGH HIGH Torque and Fail alarm contacts.

− ON status contacts.
− Sludge pump In Remote, On status contacts.
− Sludge pump Fail alarm contacts.
− Flow paced sludge pump control.

Snail Shell Screens

Chlorine Contact Basin

• Instrumentation and controls will be provided in accordance with the Chlorine Contact
Basin Remote DCS Monitoring and Local Control Criteria including the following:

− HIGH Level alarm contacts.

− Residual Chlorine, pH, Turbidity and Flow Measurement.
− Flow paced disinfectant flow control.
• Possible integration of the Final Effluent and Yard Water Pump Stations

Treated Effluent Pump Stations

• All pump stations will have an even number of pumps.

• All pumps will be vertical turbine.

• Pump stations will generally have adjustable frequency drives for all pumps.

• Pump stations with more than two pumps may have divided wetwells including
duplicate level instrumentation when needed to satisfy reliability requirements.

• Instrumentation, monitoring and control will be provided in accordance with the Pump
Station Monitoring and Control Criteria including the following:

− Analog Discharge Flow and Pressure measurement when required for process
monitoring and control purposes.
− Analog Wetwell Level measurement in each wetwell chamber.

GNV310133631750(APPD).DOC/081640020 D-3
 − 3-phase power monitors with analog Phase Voltage and Current, and Station Power
measurements (for pump stations with more than two pumps only). These are
expected to be networked onto a fieldbus network for communications to the DCS
which will provide additional useful information.
− Discrete HIGH, HIGH HIGH and LOW Level switches.
− Pump runtime, as well as the actual time-of-day when pumps are running will be
derived from the pump ON status input and the programmable logic controller’s
real-time clock.
• DCS monitoring and control will be provided in accordance with the Pump Station
Monitoring and Control Criteria.

• Local operator interface including hard-wired manual override equipment control,

including speed adjustment, and hard-wired indicators for important conditions such as
ON, FAIL. Larger or critical pump stations may have local HMI.

Gravity Thickeners
• Self-contained package control system including a local control panel.

• Instrumentation and controls will be provided in accordance with the Gravity Thickener
Remote DCS Monitoring and Local Control Criteria including the following:

− HIGH, HIGH HIGH Torque and Fail alarm contacts.

− ON status contacts.
− Sludge pump In Remote, On status contacts.
− Sludge pump Fail alarm contacts.
− Flow paced sludge pump control.

Gravity Belt Thickeners

• PLC based package control system and local control panel including a weatherproof
HMI.

• Connection of the PLC to the WWTP DCS to provide integration with supporting
equipment such as sludge and polymer feed pumps, sludge storage levels, and wash
water booster pumps.

• Instrumentation and controls will be provided in accordance with the Local Monitoring
and Control Criteria including the following:

− HIGH, HIGH HIGH Torque, Belt Alignment and Fail alarm contacts.
− ON status contacts.
− Control of remote ancillary equipment including sludge and polymer feed pumps,
and wash water booster pumps.

Anerobic Digesters
• DCS based control with local equipment control panels as needed.

GNV310133631750(APPD).DOC/081640020 D-4
• Instrumentation and controls will be provided in accordance with the Monitoring and
Control Criteria including the following:

− Level, Sludge Temperature and Digester Gas Pressure analog measurements.

− Sludge valve OPEN/CLOSE monitoring and control.
− Sludge heater monitoring and control
− Sludge circulation pump On/Fail status monitoring and Run control.
− Discharge Gas Pressure control valve modulation to maintain Digester Gas Pressure.

Digester Gas Burner

• Self-contained package control system including a local control panel.

• Instrumentation and controls will be provided in accordance with the Burner Remote
DCS Monitoring and Local Control Criteria including the following:

− On status and Fail alarm contacts.

− Natural gas valve train monitoring and control.
− Digester gas valve train monitoring and control
− Burner flame monitoring and control.

Belt Filter Press

• PLC based package control system and local control panel including a weatherproof
HMI.

• Connection of the PLC to the WWTP DCS to provide integration with supporting
equipment such as sludge and polymer feed pumps, sludge storage levels, and wash
water booster pumps.

• Instrumentation and controls will be provided in accordance with the Local Monitoring
and Control Criteria including the following:

− Belt Alignment and Fail alarm contacts.

− ON status contacts.
− Control of remote ancillary equipment including sludge and polymer feed pumps,
and wash water booster pumps.
Generators
• Transfer Switch position switches.

• Generator RUNNING and FAIL contacts.

Facilities
• Analog panel temperature measurement for all control panels containing DCS
components and analog temperature measurement for all electrical rooms.

• Perimeter fencing to limit physical access to facilities. Where chainlink fencing is

inappropriate, secure, low-maintenance metal or masonry decorative fencing will be
used. Otherwise chainlink fencing will be used.

GNV310133631750(APPD).DOC/081640020 D-5
• Automated gate drives with proximity card readers, cameras for remote driver
classification and remote gate control will be provided for employee, visitor and
delivery gates.

• Gate OPEN and CLOSED switches will be provided.

• Building exterior door access control including proximity card readers, door monitoring
and electric door locks will be considered for each WWTP.

• Electrical rooms will be air conditioned to reduce humidity and maintain the
temperature below the high temperature limits of electrical and instrument/control
equipment.

• Fiber Optic Gigabit Ethernet Local Area Network (LAN) WWTP communications which
is suitable for future addition of digital video remote event assessment will be used.
Communication links connecting WWTPs to the central Historical Data Servers will
initially have capacity to support very limited video event assessment traffic and may
require upgrade or replacement if significant video event assessment traffic is expected..

GNV310133631750(APPD).DOC/081640020 D-6
 Appendix E
Pump Station Design Spreadsheet
 Remote HMI Indication
PLC Discrete Output

Local HMI Indication

Remote HMI Control

PLC Analog Output
PLC Discrete Input

Local HMI Control

PLC Analog Input

Remote Alarm*
Local Alarm*
INSTRUMENTS:
Wetwell Level
Measurement 1 X X X X X
LSL1 X X X X X
LSH1 X X X X X
LSHH1 X X X X X
Discharge Flow Measurement X X X
Discharge Pressure Measurement X X X

PUMPS:
On Status X X X
Fail Status X X X X X
In Remote Status X X X
High Moisture X X X X X
High Temperature X X X X X
Run Command X X X
Speed Adjust 1 X X X
Speed Feedback 1 X X X

ODOR CONTROL:
Hydrogen Sulfide Measurement X X X X X
High Differential Pressure Measurement X X X X X
Flow Control Damper
Open Command X X X
Close Command X X X
In Remote Status X X X
Opened Status X X X
Closed Status X X X
Blower
On Status X X X
In Remote Status X X X
Run Command X X X

STORAGE TANK:
Lower Explosive Limit Measurement X X X X X
Discharge Flow Measurement X X X
Level
Measurement X X X
LSL4 X X X X X
LSHH X X X X X
Mixer
On Status X X X
In Remote Status X X X
High Temperature X X X X X
Run Command X X X

GNV310133631751(APPE).DOC/081640025 E-1
 Remote HMI Indication
PLC Discrete Output

Local HMI Indication

Remote HMI Control

PLC Analog Output
PLC Discrete Input

Local HMI Control

PLC Analog Input

Remote Alarm*
Local Alarm*
Storage Outlet Valve
In Remote X X X
Position X X X

GENERATOR5:
Transfer Switch
Utility Position X X X X X
Generator Position X X X X X
Generator:
On Status X X X
Fail Status X X X X X

PUMP STATION POWER:

Phase Voltage 3 X X
Phase Current 3 X X
Phase Fault X X X X X

FACILITIES:
Gate Closed Status X X X
Building Door/Control Panel Door2 X X X X X
Building/Control Panel Temperature3 X X X X
Video Intrusion Alarm Assessment6 X
COLUMN DESCRIPTIONS:
PLC Discrete Input: Two state (ON/OFF) input; Represents status or alarm condition
PLC Discrete Output: Two state (ON/OFF) output; For equipment control or status/alarm condition
PLC Analog Input: 4-20 mA continuous input; Represents process variable such as flow, level, pressure
PLC Analog Output: 4-20 mA continuous output; For equipment control such as pump speed
Local HMI Indication: Operator monitoring of pump station at pump station via operator interface.
Remote HMI Indication: Operator monitoring of pump station remote from pump station via operator interface.
Local HMI Control: Control capability at the pump station via operator interface.
Remote HMI Control: Control capability at the centralized operator station remote from pump station.
Local Alarm*: Visual and/or audible alarm capability at the pump station via local operator interface.
Remote Alarm*: Visual alarm capability remote from the pump station via operator interface screens.

* In 1990, a 10 state standard was enacted requiring both audible and visible alarms. Audible alarm not required for
SCADA.

NOTES:
1
Pump stations with 4 or more pumps have an electrical building housing adjustable speed drives; and are divided into 2
wetwells with duplicate level instruments.
2
Pump stations with electrical buildings will have building door switches. Those without electrical buildings will have door
switches on the control panel outside doors.
3
Pump stations with electrical buildings will have electrical building temperature monitoring. Those without electrical
buildings will have control panel interior temperature monitoring.
4
LSL is for monitoring of transfer pump station wetwell.
5
Pump stations with 2 pumps will have generator plugs and transfer switches for connection of a portable standby
generator. Pump station with 4 or more pumps will have permanent standby generators.
6
Addition of future intrusion detection and remote video intrusion alarm assessment may require increases in
communication link capacity.

GNV310133631751(APPE).DOC/081640025 E-2
 Appendix F
WWTP Design Spreadsheet
 Remote HMI Indication
Nomenclature:

PLC Discrete Output

Remote HMI Control

A - Adjustment

PLC Analog Output

PLC Discrete Input

PLC Analog Input

C - HMI

Local Indication

Remote Alarm*
I - Indication

Local Control

Local Alarm*
S - Local Hand Switch
X - Parameter Present
# - Quantity of Signals per Piece of Equipment

BAR SCREENS:
Level Measurement 1 X I X
Measurement 2 X I X
Bar Screens
High Differential Level Alarms X I X I X
Jam Alarms X I X I X
Overload Alarm 1 X I X I X
OVerload Alarm 2 X I X I X
On Status 1 X I X I X
On Status 2 X I X I X
Motor Drive Reset S

INFLUENT PUMP STATION (GRAVITY TRAIN ONLY):

Pump
On Status X I X
Fail Status X I X I X
In Remote status X I X
High Moisture X I X I X
High Moisture X I X I X
Run Command X S X
Speed Adjust X A X
Speed Feedback X I X
Level
Measurement X I X
LSL X I X I X
LSHH X I X I X
Flow Measurement X I X

WET WEATHER PUMP STATION (GRAVITY TRAIN ONLY):

Pump
On Status X I X
In Remote Status X I X
Fail Status X I X I X
High Moisture X I X I X
High Temperature X I X I X
Run Command X S X
Speed Adjust X A X
Speed Feedback X I X
Level
Measurement X X
LSL X I X I X
LSHH X I X I X

GNV310133631752(APPF).DOC/081640026 F-1
 Remote HMI Indication
Nomenclature:

PLC Discrete Output

Remote HMI Control

A - Adjustment

PLC Analog Output

PLC Discrete Input

PLC Analog Input

C - HMI

Local Indication

Remote Alarm*
I - Indication

Local Control

Local Alarm*
S - Local Hand Switch
X - Parameter Present
# - Quantity of Signals per Piece of Equipment

GRIT BASIN (FORCE MAIN)/GRIT CHAMBER (GRAVITY TRAIN):

Grit Pump On Status X I X
Fail Alarm X I X I X
Grit Classifier On Status X I X
Fail Alarm X I X I X
LSH X X I X
Aerated Grit Removal (Tank/Blowers)**
** - Indicates equipment present in the Gravity Train Main Only

SPLITTER BOX:
LSH X X I X
(1) It is assumed that the hydraulic profile of the top of the source structure wall is higher than that of the splitter box. A
level switch would eliminate the possibility of an overflow.

PRIMARY SETTLING BASIN:

Level Measurement X I X
W3 Control Valve Open Command X S X
Clarifier Mechanism
Fail Alarm X I X I X
High Torque X I X I X
High High Torque Alarm X I X I X
On Status X I X
Discharge Pressure PSH X I X I X
PSL X I X I X
Primary Sludge Pump
Flow Present X I X
In Remote Status X I X
On Status X I X
Fail Alarm X I X I X
Primary Effluent Pump
In Remote Status X I X
On Status X I X
Fail Alarm X I X I X
Run Command X S X
Speed Feedback X I X
Speed Adjust X A X
Primary Effluent Level
Measurement X I X
LSL X I X I X
LSHH X I X I X
It is assumed that there are no
pumps for scum removal.

GNV310133631752(APPF).DOC/081640026 F-2
 Remote HMI Indication
Nomenclature:

PLC Discrete Output

Remote HMI Control

A - Adjustment

PLC Analog Output

PLC Discrete Input

PLC Analog Input

C - HMI

Local Indication

Remote Alarm*
I - Indication

Local Control

Local Alarm*
S - Local Hand Switch
X - Parameter Present
# - Quantity of Signals per Piece of Equipment

TRICKLING FILTERS:
Distributors
Blowers

TRICKLING FILTER RECIRCULATION PUMP STATION:

Level
LSH X I X I X
LSL X I X I X
Pump
In Remote Status X I X
On Status X I X
Fail Alarm X I X I X
Run Command X S X
Speed Feedback X I X
Speed Adjust X A X
Flow Measurement X I X

FINAL SETTLING BASIN:

Level Measurement X X
W3 Control Valve Open Command X S X
Clarifier Mechanism
Fail Alarm X I X I X
High Torque Alarm X I X I X
High High Torque Alarm X I X I X
On Status X I X
Clarifier Scum Pump
Fail Alarm X I X I X
On Status X I X
Cycle Start Status X I X
In Remote Status X I X
Run Command X S X
Discharge Pressure PSH X X I X
PSL X X I X
Secondary Sludge Pump
In Remote Status X I X
On Status X I X
Fail X I X I X
Run Command X S X
Speed Feedback X I X
Speed Adjust X A X

GNV310133631752(APPF).DOC/081640026 F-3
 Remote HMI Indication
Nomenclature:

PLC Discrete Output

Remote HMI Control

A - Adjustment

PLC Analog Output

PLC Discrete Input

PLC Analog Input

C - HMI

Local Indication

Remote Alarm*
I - Indication

Local Control

Local Alarm*
S - Local Hand Switch
X - Parameter Present
# - Quantity of Signals per Piece of Equipment

SNAIL SHELL SCREENS:

Snail Screen
Snail Screen Pump

CHLORINE CONTACT BASIN:

LSH X X I X
Total Chlorine Measurement X I X
Flow Measurement X I X
Plant Effluent Valve
Open Command X S X
Close Command X S X
Opened Status X I X
Closed Status X I X
On Status X I X
Yard Water Pumps
In Remote Status X I X
On Status X I X
Fail Alarm X I X I X
Run Command X S X
Speed Feedback X I X
Speed Adjust X A X
Suction Level X I X I X
PRV Enable X S X

FINAL EFFLUENT PUMP STATION:

Final Effluent Pumps
In Remote Status X I X I X
On Status X I X I X
Fail Alarm X I X I X
Run Command X S X
Speed Feedback X I X
Speed Adjust X A X

COMPOSITE SAMPLERS:
Composite Sampler (Bar Screens and Chlorine Contact Basin)
Flow Rate X S X
System Alarm X X I X

ANALYSIS INSTRUMENTATION:
pH Measurement X I X
Turbidity Measurement X I X
Chlorine Measurement X I X
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) Measurement X I X

GNV310133631752(APPF).DOC/081640026 F-4
 Remote HMI Indication
Nomenclature:

PLC Discrete Output

Remote HMI Control

A - Adjustment

PLC Analog Output

PLC Discrete Input

PLC Analog Input

C - HMI

Local Indication

Remote Alarm*
I - Indication

Local Control

Local Alarm*
S - Local Hand Switch
X - Parameter Present
# - Quantity of Signals per Piece of Equipment

GRAVITY THICKENER:
Gravity Thickener
Enable Status (Local Handswitch) X I X
In Remote Status X I X
On Status X I X
Fail Alarm X I X I X
Run Command X S X
Speed Feedback X I X
Speed Adjust X S X
High Torque Alarm X I X I X
Gravity Thickener Pump
In Remote Status X I X
On Status X I X
Fail Alarm X I X I X
Run Command X S X
Speed Feedback X I X
Speed Adjust X A X

GRAVITY BELT THICKENER:

Intake Flow Measurement X C X
Intake Valve
In Remote Status X C X
Position Adjust X X X
Position Feedback X C X
Polymer Mixer
Differential Pressure X I X
GBT Intake Control Valve
Opened Status X C X
Closed Status X C X
In Remote Status X C X
Open Command X C X
Close Command X C X
Plant Water Flow Measurement X C X
Process Gravity Drain
Opened Status X C X
Closed Status X C X
In Remote Status X C X
Open Command X C X
Close Command X C X
GBT
On Status X C X
Fail Alarm X C X I X
Sludge Flow X C X

GNV310133631752(APPF).DOC/081640026 F-5
 Remote HMI Indication
Nomenclature:

PLC Discrete Output

Remote HMI Control

A - Adjustment

PLC Analog Output

PLC Discrete Input

PLC Analog Input

C - HMI

Local Indication

Remote Alarm*
I - Indication

Local Control

Local Alarm*
S - Local Hand Switch
X - Parameter Present
# - Quantity of Signals per Piece of Equipment

Polymer Flow X C X
Plant Water Flow X C X
Polymer Pump Speed X C X
Sludge Pump Speed X C X
Sludge Pump Call X C X
Polymer Pump Call X C X
Plant Water Pump Call X C X
High High Alarm X C X I X
Plant Water Pump Status X C X
Sludge Pump Status X C X
GBT Polymer Aging Tank
Mixer On Status X I X
In Remote Status X I X
Mixer Run Command X S X
Tank Level Measurement X I X
Discharge Valve Opened Status X I X
Discharge Valve Closed Status X I X
In Remote Status X I X
Discharge Valve Open/Close Command X S X
Close Command X S X
Feed Pumps
In Remote Status X C X
On Status X C X
Fail Alarm X C X I X
Run Command X C X
Speed Feedback X C X
Speed Adjust X C X

ANEROBIC DIGESTERS:
Level
Measurement 2 X
LSH X X I X
Pressure Measurement X I X
Mixing Pump
Run Command X S X
On Status X I X
In Remote Status X I X
Sludge Transfer Valve
Open Command X S X
Close Command X S X
Opened/Closed/In Remote Status X I X
Closed Status X I X
In Remote Status X I X

GNV310133631752(APPF).DOC/081640026 F-6
 Remote HMI Indication
Nomenclature:

PLC Discrete Output

Remote HMI Control

A - Adjustment

PLC Analog Output

PLC Discrete Input

PLC Analog Input

C - HMI

Local Indication

Remote Alarm*
I - Indication

Local Control

Local Alarm*
S - Local Hand Switch
X - Parameter Present
# - Quantity of Signals per Piece of Equipment

Heater
Temperature Measurement 1 X I X
Temperature Measurement 2 X I X
Temperature Measurement 3 X I X
Digester Gas Discharge Valves (Assume 3 valves, one signal per valve)
Opened Status X I X
Closed Status X I X
In Remote Status X I X
Open Command X S X
Close Command X S X
Digester Gas
Foam Separator Intake Pressure X I X
Foam Separator/Digester Discharge Pressure X I X
Foam Separator/Digester Discharge Flow X I X
Gas Burner
On Status X I X
Fail Alarm X I X I X
Burner Intake Flow X I X
Burner Intake Pressure X I X
Gas Burner Intake Control Valve
In Remote Status X I X
Position Adjust X S X
Position Feedback X I X
Digester Building Alarm Panel
Trouble Alarm X I X I X
Warn Alarm X I X I X
High LEL Alarm X I X I X
Recirculation Pumps
Run Command X S X
On Status X I X
Fail Alarm X I X I X
Assumes no gas digester storage

SLUDGE DEWATERING:
BFP Feed Pump
In Remote Status X C X I X
On Status X C X I X
Fail Alarm X C X I X
Enabled Status X C X I X
Run Command X C X
Speed Feedback X C X
Speed Adjust X C X
Flow Measurement X C X

GNV310133631752(APPF).DOC/081640026 F-7
 Remote HMI Indication
Nomenclature:

PLC Discrete Output

Remote HMI Control

A - Adjustment

PLC Analog Output

PLC Discrete Input

PLC Analog Input

C - HMI

Local Indication

Remote Alarm*
I - Indication

Local Control

Local Alarm*
S - Local Hand Switch
X - Parameter Present
# - Quantity of Signals per Piece of Equipment

Polymer Mixer
In Remote Status X C X
On Status X C X
Fail Alarm X C X I X
Speed Adjust X C X
Speed Feedback X C X
Water Booster Pump
On Status X C X
In Remote Status X C X
Run Command X C X
Water Supply Valve
Open Command X C X
Close Command X C X
In Remote Status X C X
Opened Status X C X
Closed Status X C X
Belt Filter Press
Intake Flow Measurement X C X
Intake Valve
In Remote Status X C X
Position Adjust X C X
Position Feedback X C X
Polymer Mixer
Differential Pressure X C X
BFP Intake Control Valve
Opened Status X C X
Closed Status X C X
In Remote Status X C X
Open Command X C X
Close Command X C X
Plant Water Flow Measurement X C X
Process Gravity Drain Valve
Opened Status X C X
Closed Status X C X
In Remote Status X C X
Open Command X C X
Close Command X C X
BFP
On Status X C X
Fail Alarm X C X I X
Polymer Flow X C X
Plant Water Flow X C X
Sludge Pump Speed X C X

GNV310133631752(APPF).DOC/081640026 F-8
 Remote HMI Indication
Nomenclature:

PLC Discrete Output

Remote HMI Control

A - Adjustment

PLC Analog Output

PLC Discrete Input

PLC Analog Input

C - HMI

Local Indication

Remote Alarm*
I - Indication

Local Control

Local Alarm*
S - Local Hand Switch
X - Parameter Present
# - Quantity of Signals per Piece of Equipment

Sludge Pump Call X C X

Polymer Pump Call X C X
Plant Water Pump Call X C X
Cake X C X
Plant Water Status X C X
Sludge Pump Status X C X

GENERATOR:
Transfer Switch
Generator Position X X X X X
Utility Position X X X X X
Generator:
On and Fail Status X X X X X

FACILITIES:
Gate Open Status X X X
Gate Closed Status X X X
Building Door/Control Panel Door X X X X X
Building/Control Panel
Temperature X X X X
Video Instrusion Alarm
Assessment X
COLUMN DESCRIPTIONS:
PLC Discrete Input: Two state (ON/OFF) input; Represents status or alarm condition
PLC Discrete Output: Two state (ON/OFF) output; For equipment control or status/alarm condition
PLC Analog Input: 4-20 mA continuous input; Represents process variable such as flow, level, pressure
PLC Analog Output: 4-20 mA continuous output; For equipment control such as pump speed
Local HMI Indication: Operator monitoring of pump station at pump station via operator interface.
Remote HMI Indication: Operator monitoring of pump station remote from pump station via operator interface.
Local HMI Control: Control capability at the pump station via operator interface.
Remote HMI Control: Control capability at the centralized operator station remote from pump station.
Local Alarm*: Visual and/or audible alarm capabilty at the pump station via local operator interface.
Remote Alarm*: Visual alarm capability remote from the pump station via operator interface screens.
* In 1990, a 10 state standard was enacted requiring both audible and visible alarms. Audible alarm not
required for SCADA.

GNV310133631752(APPF).DOC/081640026 F-9
 Appendix G
Standard Loop Specifications
LOOP SPECIFICATIONS
The Loop Specifications are divided into the following Sections:

• Definitions

This Section defines basic functions and other terms used in subsequent sections
(Global Functions Modular Functions and Unit Processes).

• Global Functions

Global functions are required for all applicable variables and are not listed in the Unit
Process Loop Specifications.

• Modular Functions

Modular functions include extensive references to the definitions and are included by
reference in the subsequent Unit Process Loop Specifications.

• Unit Process Loop Specification

Unit Process Loop Specifications are included for each Unit Process and include
extensive references to Definitions and Modular Functions.

DEFINITIONS
VARIABLE

Any signal (discrete, analog, or pulse frequency), (input, output, or calculated). Pulse
frequency signals are a type of analog signal. Provide the same processing and functions
for pulse frequency signals as are provided for analog signals.

DISPLAY (Tag)

• Display variables on appropriate Human Machine Interface (HMI) displays. Display

status for discrete variables such as ON/OFF/FAIL status for motors and
OPEN/CLOSE/FAIL status for valves. Display value, and totalizer value when
appropriate, for analog variables such as process variables, Set points, drive speeds,
and valve positions. To prevent clutter and to ease operation, some displayed
variables will not normally appear on displays but will be accessible through easily
identifiable point-and-click targets. Runtime and totalizer counters are an example of
variables that might not normally appear.

PRESENT

A discrete signal is present when the contact producing the input is closed or the signal
exceeds its true state value.

GNV310133631753(APPG).DOC/081640027 G-1
 TRUE

A condition is true when it exists. The open/closed (or high/low) state of a discrete signal
representing that condition will depend on the configuration of the device producing the
discrete signal.

ALARM

Sound the alarm tone, indicate the alarm condition on appropriate HMI displays, and add
to the HMI alarm summary display. Upon acknowledgement, silence the alarm tone and
indicate the alarm condition on appropriate HMI displays and the alarm summary
display. Remove acknowledged alarms from the alarm summary once they are cleared.
Log alarm occurrence, acknowledgement, and clearance in the alarm log file. Unless
otherwise noted or shown, provide alarm logic that resets automatically when the
acknowledged alarm condition clears. Display alarms as follows:

• Display flashing yellow when Alarm is present and is Unacknowledged.

• Display steady yellow when Alarm is present and is Acknowledged.
• Display ceases when Alarm clears and is or has been Acknowledged.
ON (RUNNING)

The equipment or adjustable speed motor is ON when the equipment or motor drive ON
status contact is closed. A constant speed motor is ON when a motor normally open
auxiliary motor contact (M-Contact) from the motor is closed. For adjustable speed
motors, use the ON status variable or contact from the drive that is TRUE when the drive
is in operation.

TREND

At intervals appropriate for the variable being trended, place the current value of analog
variable, along with a time and date stamp, into a historical trend file for that variable.
Display the trend on selectable HMI screens with appropriate scaling and units.

CLOSE FAIL

A valve is commanded-to-close, but is not confirmed closed within a preset time. Unless
otherwise noted, a valve is confirmed closed by receiving Close limit switch contact from
the valve.

POSITION FAIL

A modulating valve is commanded to a Set Point position, but the valve is not confirmed
to be within a preset percentage of Set Point within a preset time.

GNV310133631753(APPG).DOC/081640027 G-2
 OPEN FAIL

A valve is commanded-to-open, but is not confirmed open within a preset time. Unless
otherwise noted, a valve is confirmed open by receiving OPEN limit switch contact from
the valve.

RUN FAIL

A motor is commanded-to-run, but is not confirmed running within a preset time. Unless
otherwise noted, running is confirmed by receiving an ON status M-contact from the
motor’s starter.

START

Issue a maintained Run command.

STOP

Cease the maintained Run command.

TOTALIZE

Integrate flow type variable with respect to time. Unless otherwise noted includes
password protected operator reset that sets the totalized value to zero.

ELAPSED RUN TIME

Calculate the total time (in tenths of an hour) that a motor or piece of equipment has been
in operation. For equipment and constant speed motors, use starter M-contacts to detect
when the equipment or motor is running. For adjustable speed motors, use the ON status
variable or contact from the drive that is TRUE when the drive is in operation. For
valves, calculate the time that the valve is open. Unless otherwise noted, include
password protected operator reset that sets elapsed run time to zero.

CYCLE COUNT

Count the number of cycles a piece of equipment, valve, or motor undergoes. For
equipment and motors, one cycle is defined as the transition from OFF to ON. For valves,
one cycle is defined as the transition from CLOSED to OPEN.

SINGLE-ACTION INITIATION

Provide logic to perform a sequence of events after receiving a single initiation

command. For example: Provide logic to complete a backwash sequence upon receiving
a backwash initiation command.

GNV310133631753(APPG).DOC/081640027 G-3
 TWO-MODE FEEDBACK CONTROL

Maintain a process variable at a Set Point value by means of feedback control of a control
variable such as pump speed or valve position using both proportional and integral action.
During startup tune the loop by adjusting proportional band and integral time settings.
Provide a Set Point Deviation Alarm that is activated when the process variable deviates
by more than x percent from Set Point for a sustained time. Provide password protected
access to tuning parameters such as proportional band and reset rate.

Parameters Defined in the Specific Unit Process Loop Description:

Process Variable.

Process Variable Set Point.

Controlled Device.

Set Point Deviation Alarm Set Point.

NETWORK CONNECTED PACKAGE SYSTEMS

Network connect package systems are defined as those package control systems that are
connected to the Ethernet network.

GLOBAL FUNCTIONS
TAGS

Provide unique tags for each variable based on the following specification Format:

10 5 AFD 1 SF
Unit Process Loop Number ISA designation of Unit Clarifying
process and function Number Abbreviation

Refer to Design Criteria for Unit Process number assignments and conventions.

Use the clarifying abbreviation to assure that all tags are unique. Use only the underscore
character (_) as a separator to improve “human readability.”

An example of an AFD Speed Feedback tag would be:

10_AFD_0501_SF

AVAILABLE (for AUTOMATIC/PLC control)

In the PLC, generate an AVAILABLE for automatic control status variable when all of
the equipment’s HAND/OFF/AUTO, ON/OFF/AUTO, or OPEN/CLOSE/AUTO
selectors are in the AUTO position (IN PLC signal present) and no active alarms

GNV310133631753(APPG).DOC/081640027 G-4
 affecting the equipment are present. Disable and reset FAIL TO START/OPEN/CLOSE
alarms when the selector is not in the AUTO position.

AUTOMATIC (PLC) CONTROL

Automatically sequence AVAILABLE equipment in accordance with these loop
specifications.

MANUAL (PLC) CONTROL

For equipment automatically sequenced by a PLC, provide AUTO/MANUAL selection

and remote manual control of AVAILABLE equipment from HMI workstations. Use
manual control pop-up displays to reduce clutter.

For equipment not sequenced by a PLC, provide remote manual control of AVAILABLE
equipment from HMI workstations. Use manual control pop-up displays to reduce clutter.

BUMPLESS TRANSFER
Configure all “software” Manual/Auto switches to provide “bumpless transfer.”

1. Manual to Auto Transition:

a. Once the transition occurs, immediately start the device if the Auto Mode
so commands.
b. For modulating devices, initially maintain the last manual control variable
output value on transition to Auto. After the transition, enable the
automatic control algorithm to commence incrementally from the final
manual value.
3. Auto to Manual Transition:
a. If a device has been running in Auto, configure so it continues to run once
placed in Manual.
b. If a device has not been running in Auto, configure so it does not run once
placed in Manual.
c. If an adjustable speed device has been running at a certain speed in Auto,
configure so it runs at the same speed once placed in Manual.
d. For all modulating devices, maintain the last analog control variable
output value on transition to Manual.

RECOVERY AFTER A POWER OUTAGE

For facilities with generators, provide a Generator Load Display to be used by operators
to manage generator load as follows:

GNV310133631753(APPG).DOC/081640027 G-5
 1. Place each individual load (Pump, etc.) equal to or greater than 75 kW in load on a
separate line with columns for “Load” in kW and “Generator Status.”
2. Lump remaining loads into a single “Base Load” line at the bottom of the table.
3. Use submittal information to determine actual load values.
4. Work with the Owner to establish which loads “Generator Status” will initially be
“Enabled” and which will be “Disabled.” Refer to Section 26 32 13.13, Diesel Engine
Generator Set, Supplement , Table 1 for load enabling priority.
5. Provide password protected HMI editing of Load Entries and Toggling of the
Enabled/Disabled Generator Status for each load. Disallow toggling and permanently
Enable the Status of the “Base Load” line.
6. Calculated and prominently display on each page of the Generator Load Display the
“Total Generator Load” value which is the sum of all currently Enabled Loads.
Use the Generator Status for each load and power source information such as Normal
Power Available, Power Failed, Generator ON, OPEN/CLOSE positions of MAIN, TIE
and Generator breakers from the Generator PLC to manage generator load as follows:

1. Except for the “Base Load,” disable all loads included on the Generator Load Display
on power failure.
2. Once the generator power is available, wait for an adjustable delay set between
15 and 60 seconds. Sequentially Enable loads whose Generator Status is “Enabled,”
waiting for an adjustable delay set between 15 and 60 seconds between enabling
loads. Refer to Section 26 32 13.13, Diesel Engine Generator Set, Supplement Table
1 for load enabling priority.
3. Once utility power is restored, disable all loads except for the “Base Load.” Once the
Tiebreaker OPEN and Main Breaker CLOSED status is confirmed, wait for an
adjustable delay set between 15 and 60 seconds. Sequentially Enable ALL loads
waiting for an adjustable delay set between 15 and 60 seconds between enabling
loads. Refer to Section 26 32 13.13, Diesel Engine Generator Set, Table 1 for load
enabling priority.
Make provisions for easy modification of the power recovery sequence for the addition of
a second utility feed to recover from a power outage for the following scenarios:

1. Utility Source 1 (Bus A) fails. Generator powers loads using future load enabling
table.
2. Future Utility Source 2 (Bus B) fails. Generator power loads using future load
enabling table.

3. Both Utility Sources 1 and 2 (Bus A and B) fail. Generator powers both loads using
future load enabling table.

GNV310133631753(APPG).DOC/081640027 G-6
 Refer to Section 26 32 13.13, Diesel Engine Generator Set for generator monitoring,
control and historical data handling requirements. Coordinate with the generator supplier
in developing generator displays and historical data processing. Make all generator
system displays and data available on the plant process control SCADA network.

Requirements for facilities without generators: [LATER]

DISPLAY (TAG)

Display all discrete and all analog variables.

ADJUSTABLE PARAMETER ACCESS

Provide for HMI operator entry and adjustment of parameters designated as “operator
adjustable” or “operator entry.”

Provide password protected HMI display of and entry/modification of all other adjustable
parameters including, but not limited to, Set Points, tuning coefficients (for example
proportional and integral), timer presets, control sequence presets, and alarm trip points.

Present these parameters in an efficient easily navigated format. Provide adequate

information to allow the facility maintenance staff to easily identify each variable. The
intent is to allow the maintenance staff to tune facility performance and operation without
having to alter the PLC program.

Provide for PLC programmer entry and adjustment of parameters designated as “preset”
or “preset but adjustable.”

NUISANCE ALARM SUPPRESSION

Provide nuisance alarm suppression by conditioning alarm signals. For example disable
all but selected alarms when power is off, and include startup delays, momentary
excursion delays, and contact bounce delays. Suppress dysfunctional alarms during and
immediately following power outages.

ALARM PRIORITIZATION

Prioritize alarms into two levels: critical and noncritical. Provide separate colors and
audible tones for critical and noncritical alarms. Use red for critical alarms and yellow for
noncritical alarms. Log but don’t alarm events that do not require an immediate action.

Categorize alarms into unit process categories.

DISABLE ALARM PROCESSING:

1. Selectable by the supervisor on a point-by-point basis.

2. Does not prevent point status from being shown on graphic process displays.
3. Maintain summary of disabled alarms

GNV310133631753(APPG).DOC/081640027 G-7
 RUN FAIL ALARM

Provide run fail alarms for each motor. Upon motor run fail, remove the run command.

EQUIPMENT OR MOTOR FAIL ALARM

Provide fail alarms for each fail condition. Upon fail, remove the run command.

OPEN FAIL ALARM

Provide open fail alarms for each nonmodulating valve with OPEN position feedback.
Upon open fail, remove the open command.

CLOSE FAIL ALARM

Provide close fail alarms for each nonmodulating valve with CLOSED position feedback.
Upon close fail, remove the close command.

POSITION FAIL ALARM

Provide position fail alarms for each modulating valve with position feedback.

TOTALIZERS

Provide 6-digit totalizers for all flow type variables [flow, chemical feed rate, etc.]. Select
least significant digit values that result in 0.5-2.0 counts per minute at full-scale flow.

ELAPSED RUN TIME INDICATORS

Provide elapsed run time counters for each motor and electrical equipment item. Include
open position for valves with either electric or pneumatic operators.

Increment counters after each tenth of an hour of operation. Maintain a nonresetable

99,999.9 hour cumulative counter that rolls over to zero after 99,999.9 hours. Indicate
runtime counters on appropriate HMI displays. Perform all logic in the PLC.

CYCLE COUNTERS

Provide cycle counters for each motor and electrical equipment. Include OPEN/CLOSE
(non-modulating) valves with either electric or pneumatic operators.

Maintain a nonresetable 99,999 start cumulative counter that rolls over to zero after
99,999 counts. Indicate counters on appropriate HMI displays. Start counter logic will be
performed in the PLC/RTU.

ALARM CONTACT INPUTS

Alarm: Discrete contact inputs representing abnormal conditions or identified as alarms

on the P&IDs.

GNV310133631753(APPG).DOC/081640027 G-8
 HISTORICAL DATA COLLECTION

Trend all analog variables storing an instantaneous value every 10 seconds.

Log each discrete and output change of state.

Maintain storage of trend, log, and alarm summary files for two years.

Provide a procedure for archiving to CD or DVD trend, log, and alarm summary files on
a monthly basis.

Reports: As a minimum, one each of the following reports shall be provided:

1. Monthly Operations Report.

2. Monthly Equipment Runtime Report.
3. Monthly Chemical Use Report.
Reports Content:

1. Report up to thirty process variables per report, as identified by the Owner.

2. Minimum, maximum, and average for each process variable over the time period
identified by the report.
3. Monthly totals in the case of flows or runtimes.
TAPE BACKUP SYSTEM

Configure the tape backup systems to make complete weekly backups on a separate tape
and incremental daily backups for each server. For incremental backups, overwrite the
tape each day and eject after the incremental backup is complete on the day before the
weekly backup is scheduled. For the weekly backup, eject the tape when the backup is
complete.

COMMUNICATIONS WATCHDOG (applies to any PLC or SCADA link).

Create a watchdog function to alarm at the HMI if any of the PLCs do not communicate
within a preset time or when any PLC is unable to communicate with any I/O base. To
avoid nuisance alarming, make the preset at least three times the nominal update period
for the specific device. This nominal update period will be noted during startup. Provide
at the HMI a means of disabling communications alarming for use by the operator during
extreme conditions such as storms or network outages. Additionally, when
communications watchdog alarms is disabled, display a message at the HMI indicating
this condition.

For PLC controlled equipment operating under HMI Manual control, maintain equipment
in the last state following a loss of communications. For PLC controlled equipment under
automatic PLC control, maintain automatic equipment control and sequencing during a
loss of communications.

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 ETHERNET NETWORK MANAGEMENT

Provide a network display for the network showing traffic volumes, unused capacity,
error rates, and the status (using red/ yellow/green stoplight metaphor) of every SNMP
managed device including PLC and I/O Ethernet interfaces.

For unmanaged devices, provide OSI layer 1 heartbeat response and reply status
indication.

ETHERNET NETWORK CONFIGURATION

1. Topology: HIPER-Ring. Disable Rapid Spanning Tree protocol.

2. Flow Control: Enable IGMP snooping.
3. Segmentation:
a) If necessary to maintain I/O and HMI update frequencies, use separate EBNT
modules on separate VLANs for I/O and HMI functions.
b) Keep all messaging, including HMI messaging, on a single VLAN.
4. Access Control:
a) Limit SNMP access to that required for network management displays.
b) Limit HMI server access to that required for supporting HMI functional
requirements.
c) Limit access to Remote I/O bases to that required for supporting I/O functions.
HMI Password/Security:

Provide password protected HMI access to prevent unauthorized users from making
changes from operator workstation(s).

Provide the following Security Levels:

1. Engineer Level: Access to all data parameters.

2. Supervisor Level: Access to alarm limits, alarm inhibit status, scan inhibit status, and
all operator level functions, as well as all adjustable parameters.
3. Operator Level: Set Points, control commands and all operator adjustable parameters.
4. Display Level: No changes allowed.
PACKAGE SYSTEMS HMI AND PLC SOFTWARE INTEGRATION AND
DEVELOPMENT

Fully integrate the monitoring and control of network connected package systems into the
HMI so that I/O, tag numbers, graphic colors, the operator interface including pop up
screens, monitoring and control functions and global functions are, within the package

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 system’s process monitoring and control capabilities, as shown, noted and specified, and
consistent with those provided for the rest of the plant. Fully implement, to the degree
possible, global functions.

AFD MONITORIG AND CONTROL INTEGRATION

Fully integrate the monitoring and control of Fieldbus connected AFDs into the HMI so
that I/O, tag numbers, monitoring and control functions and global functions are as
shown, noted and specified. Fully implement relevant global functions.

FUTURE EQUPMENT

Where future equipment is shown or noted in contract documents, provide all PLC/HMI
code and PLC/HMI tags and graphics for the future equipment. Indicate the unavailable
status of all future equipment on HMI screens by means of distinctive color and text. Set
the HMI tags off scan and disable alarming for all future equipment. Disable PLC logic
for future equipment.

ESS FUNCTIONS

As shown and noted, and in accordance with Electronic Security Systems (ESS)
specifications.

MODULAR FUNCTIONS
ALTERNATION

Change assignments (alternate) a group of controlled equipment in a predetermined

automatic sequence.

Provide a LEAD selector for each controlled equipment group.

When the LEAD selector is in the AUTO position, provide alternation that is triggered
automatically.

See Specific Unit Process Requirements for:

Controlled Equipment Group: <List of equipment groups.>

Group Selection Criteria: <List selection criteria for each group.>

Alternation Trigger: <List alternation triggers for each group.>

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 ANALYSIS ALARM

ALARM: Concentration, High and Low. Disable inappropriate alarms such as low
turbidity.

FLOW ALARM

ALARM: High and Low Flow.

LEVEL ALARM

ALARM: High and Low Level.

CHEMICAL LEAK ALARM

ALARM: [Change-in-Level]/[Elapsed Time While All Pumps Off] > Preset.

Change in Level = [Level] – [Level at Time the Last Chemical Feed Pump Stopped]
Elapsed Time While All Pumps Off = [Time since Last Chemical Feed Pump Stopped]
Disable and Rest the Alarm while any chemical feed pump on.

PRESSURE ALARM

ALARM: High and Low Pressure.

CURRENT ALARM

ALARM: High Current.

SPEED ALARM

ALARM: Low Speed.

TEMPERATURE ALARM

ALARM: High and Low Temperature.

WEIGHT ALARM

ALARM: High and Low Weight.

CHEMICAL SOLUTION MASS FLOW

Use Solution Demand for Chemical Solution Mass Flow.

DOSE CONTROL

Accept operator entry of Dose. Calculate Demand using:

[Solution Demand] = 34.775 x [Dose] x [Treated Stream Flow]/[Solution Strength]
Solution Demand = [lbs/hr] of solution

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 Dose = [mg/l] of chemical
Treated Stream Flow = [mgd]
Solution Strength = [%] by weight of chemical in the chemical solution
Provide for operator entry of Dose and Solution Strength for each chemical.

Calculate Chemical Feed Pump Speed Adjust Output as follows:

[Pump Capacity] = 500.7 x [Density]/[Calibration Factor]
[Chemical Feed Pump Speed Adjust Output] = 100 x [Solution Demand]/[Pump
Capacity]
Density = [g/cm3]
Calibration Factor = [Minutes/Gallon] of Solution
Chemical Feed Pump Speed Adjust Output = [%]
Solution Demand = [lbs/hr] of solution
Pump Capacity = [lbs/hr] of solution
Provide for operator entry of Calibration Factor for each chemical feed pump.
For chemical addition of the finished water (FW) line into the Clearwell, calculate
Treated Stream Flow as follows:
Treated Stream Flow = [Raw Water Flow] x [Recovery Factor]/100
Recovery Factor = [Membrane Filtration System Discharge Flow]/[Raw Water Flow]
Provide for operator adjustment on Recovery Factor. Initially set Recovery Factor at 95%

UNIT PROCESS LOOP DESCRIPTIONS

[USING THE EXAMPLE UNIT PROCESS LOOP DESCRIPTIONS PROVIDED AND

DEFINITIONS IN THE INTRODUCTION TO THE LOOP SPECIFICATIONS, INSERT
INDIVIDUAL UNIT PROCESS LOOP DESCRIPTIONS FOR EACH UNIT PROCESS.]

END OF LOOP SPECIFICATIONS

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