A PAT T E R N B O O K F O R N E I G H B O R LY H O U S E S H O U S I N G PAT T E R N S

Housing Patterns
This section of the Pattern Book provides an outline of typical Neighborly
Habitat House types, allowing for appropriate selection according to
neighborhood location. Six housing types are illustrated: single-family
detached houses, single-family attached houses, mansion apartments,
townhouses, apartment buildings, and mixed-use buildings. The basic
elements of each type are reviewed here. The Architectural Patterns sec-
tion should be consulted when designing a new house or transforming an
existing plan.
Strategies for green building, visitability and accessibility, and ancillary
structures and parking are also addressed in this section. These recom-
mendations apply to all housing types.

12
 The six building typologies presented in this section are found
throughout American neighborhoods. In many older neighborhoods,
styles were adapted over time as certain patterns became popular. The
following inventory of building types reflects various architectural
styles and vocabularies. While there are many variations on house
types, those illustrated here appear to dominate the most lasting and
H o u s i n g Ty p e s successful neighborhoods.

Single-Family Detached Houses

Single-Family Attached Houses

Mansion Apartments

Townhouses and Stacked Flats

Apartment Buildings

Mixed-Use Buildings

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A PAT T E R N B O O K F O R N E I G H B O R LY H O U S E S H O U S I N G PAT T E R N S

Components of a Neighborly House

Main Body Porches

Most traditional houses are dis- Porches are important ele-
tinguished by a Main Body ments in the neighborhood and
that is always the most impor- find expression in almost every
tant form. Additional space is architectural style or vocabulary.
created through secondary Setting the appropriate column
additions to this Main Body. types, porch cornices, railing,
The first step in designing a and balustrades is key to estab-
house is to determine the Main lishing the character of the
Body Massing Type. This will house. The Pattern Book
guide the development of a new offers options found within a
house plan or the modification particular style complete with
of an existing house. sample profiles that illustrate
the correct dimensions and
components.

Wings Doors and

In general, additions are treated Windows
as Wings . Side wings can be Windows and doors are avail-
either one, or one-and-one-half able today from a wide range
stories, set back from the front of manufacturers and come in
facade of the Main Body. almost any shape and size.
Two-story additions can be Correctly proportioned and
added to two-story Main detailed Doors and
Bodies, but should be set back Windows are critical in rein-
from the front facade and forcing the style of the house.
limited in width to a maximum The Pattern Book illustrates
of one-third the width of the standard window and door
Main Body. Side wings and rear types used for each architectural
wings can be added in many style and special windows and
combinations. doors used as accents.

Door and Window Final Assembly

Composition The Final Assembly of
Once the massing and the the various components should
floor-to-floor heights are deter- produce a house of recognizable
mined, various Door and character and quality no matter
Window Compositions can what the size. Appropriate
be explored. Most styles have materials are discussed in the
very definite patterns that were Appendix. A series of illustrat-
used to produce balanced or ed possibilities within each style
picturesque compositions. section demonstrates the effec-
Window proportions, location, tive application of the Pattern
and spacing are all important Book guidelines.
and were well understood by
early house builders.

More than building new affordable

houses, the mission is to help people
build new lives. H A B I TAT F O R H U M A N I T Y

14
Designing a Single-Family House

Step 1:
Analyze Historic Context
Observe and photograph existing houses in the appropriate neigh-
borhood. Existing houses provide a wealth of information about the
composition and make-up of neighborly houses. Record dimensions,
bay spacing, and common patterns. Step 4:
Compose Building
Design the more detailed elements of the house,
such as the eaves and the types of windows and
doors, using the Architectural Patterns section.

Step 2:
Determine Building Placement
Use the setbacks of neighboring houses
to determine the appropriate setback
Typical Arts & Crafts Side Wing Elevation
for the new house. Place parking and
and Wall Section
accessory buildings to the rear of
the lot.
Step 5:
Apply Building Elements
Review the building elements: the porch, windows, doors,
and details, considering the whole composition of the house.
The building elements should come together in a harmo-
nious way.

Step 3:
Determine Massing and
Facade Composition
Choose an appropriate massing
for the house based on the
Architectural style. Consider
different window and door com-
positions that create a public
facade for the house.
Door and Window Compositions

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A PAT T E R N B O O K F O R N E I G H B O R LY H O U S E S H O U S I N G PAT T E R N S

Designing a Single-Family Attached Building

Single-Family Attached Houses, Mansion Apartments, and Townhouses

Step 1:
Analyze Historic Context Regional Differences
Observe, photograph, and measure the historic buildings in the area. Attached housing is more complex than single-
New building details should relate to traditional building patterns. family housing. This building type has many
Take note of the building massing and profile, bay spacing, cornice flexible arrangements and has been interpreted
details, windows, doors, and materials. Often historic patterns can be to meet the needs of different cities. Regional
abstracted and simplified to become more affordable. examples are often eclectic and vary greatly
from one style to the next. The most successful
designs draw from historic regional context.

DESIGN
TIPS
I Model mansion apartments on existing
large houses in your neighborhood.
I Use setbacks and bay spacings to make a large
multi-family building in scale with its context.
I Select materials and colors based on historic
Step 2: examples and those available locally.
Determine Building Placement
Buildings should be placed on their sites as guided by the setbacks
of adjacent buildings and as is appropriate for specific zones.
Landscaped front yards and gardens provide privacy for ground floor
residents. Parking should be located behind the building. Parking
spaces may be integral to the building (tuck-under), housed in
separate garage structures, or open with structured or landscaped
screening.
Alley

Attached and Detached Garages

Plan Drawing of Mansion Apartment Placement on Lot

Site Axonometric Drawing

of Mansion Apartment
Placement on Lot

Tuck-Under Parking
16
Step 3:
Determine Massing and
Facade Composition
Single-family attached buildings
are treated as either “big houses”
within single-family detached
neighborhoods or as attached,
narrow houses in more urban
settings.

2-Story Townhouse and Single-Family Attached Building Massing of Mansion Apartment

3-Story Townhouse

Apartment Units Expressed

as Separate Entities

Step 4:
Compose Building a b
Large apartment houses are often composed in bays with repeating
elements to create a rhythm and give scale to the building. Ground
floor entrances to different residences are articulated and the compo-
sition of openings relates logically to the interior building plans.
Special elements such as chimneys and bays may also enhance the
composition. Townhouses may use compositional techniques similar
to large apartment houses, but the rhythm of bays is usually deter-
mined by the size of one townhouse unit. Two Bay Composition

a b a b

Townhouses Equal Bay Spacing Illustrative Plan of Mansion Apartment

Step 5:
Shed Roof Apply Building Elements
Large-scale buildings should be
Dormer
articulated to create an effective
Gable Roof
urban space and to relate to
F ro n t P o rc h
Entrance
smaller-scale buildings in the
P o rc h e s adjacent neighborhoods. Roof
Upper Story Gallery Flat Roof forms can vary from parapet
expressions to sloped and
mansard roofs. Balconies,
Balcony
porches, and galleries give the
Dormer
C o m m e rc i a l S t o re f ro n t building a human scale, create
2-Story Gallery
shade, and provide outdoor
F ro n t P o rc h
spaces that contribute to the
quality and character of the
Gallery surrounding neighborhood.

Roof and Porch Options Building elements such as dormers and

entrance porches

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A PAT T E R N B O O K F O R N E I G H B O R LY H O U S E S H O U S I N G PAT T E R N S

Designing a Multi-Family Building

Apartment Buildings and Mixed-Use Buildings

Step 1:
Analyze Historic Context Regional Differences
Observe, photograph, and measure the historic buildings in the area. Apartment buildings and large multi-family
New building details should relate to traditional building patterns. buildings are much more complex than single-
Take note of the building massing and profile, bay spacing, cornice family houses. This building type has been
details, windows, doors, and materials. Often historic patterns can be interpreted in many different forms throughout
abstracted and simplified to become more affordable. the United States. Regional examples are often
eclectic and vary greatly from one style to the
next. The most successful designs draw from the
historic regional context.

DESIGN
TIPS
I Photograph historic details and compare to
available products and proposed designs.
I Measure buildings, setbacks, and bay spacing.
I Select materials and colors based on historic
examples and palettes.

Historic building with bay spacing, base, and windows identified

Step 2:
Determine Building Placement Architectural details from
historic neighborhoods
Buildings should be placed on their sites to
create a continuous active street frontage.
Buildings with ground-floor residential uses
should be set back from the sidewalk to pro-
vide a landscaped front yard or garden.
Ground-floor retail and public uses most often
open directly to the sidewalk. Parking should
be located behind the building. Parking spaces
may be integral to the building (tuck-under),
housed in separate garage structures, or open
with structured or landscaped screening.

Residential Neighborhood Mixed-Use Neighborhood

Placement Placement

18
 a a a a a a

Step 3:
Determine Massing and
Facade Composition
Multi-family buildings can
have a variety of forms and
compositions. Buildings can be
articulated by changes in the
roof or cornice profile, changes
in the plane of the facade, or in
window and door placement.
Repetitive Equal Bay Spacing

a b b b a a b b b a

Step 4:
Compose Building
Large apartment houses and mixed-use buildings traditionally are
composed of a base, middle, and top. The ground floor is often taller
or raised to contribute to the quality and feeling of the street and to
relate to the surrounding buildings. The base of the building is often
of a different material than the upper floors. The upper floors are
typically simple with a regular pattern of windows. The top of the
building is expressed with a cornice or roof form. These details vary
greatly from one region to the next.
Large-scale buildings also need to be articulated into bays that
create a rhythm consistent with the surrounding historic buildings. Emphasis on Center Bays Emphasis on End Bays

This facade rhythm also contributes to the quality of the pedestrian

experience and helps to give a human scale to large buildings.

Cornice

Wall

Base

Facade Rhythm Facade Rhythm

Step 5: Step 6:
Apply Building Elements Optional Retail Elements
Large-scale buildings should be Ground-floor public or retail
articulated to create an effective uses are often found in urban
urban space and to relate to locations and provide the neigh-
smaller-scale buildings in the borhood with daily amenities.
adjacent neighborhoods. Roof Historic building types tend to
forms can vary from parapet have a very regular pattern of
expressions to sloped and large storefront openings, where
mansard roofs. Balconies, wood trim frames large glass
porches, and galleries give the storefronts and double doors.
building a human scale, create
shade, and provide outdoor
spaces that contribute to the
quality and character of the
surrounding neighborhood.

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A PAT T E R N B O O K F O R N E I G H B O R LY H O U S E S H O U S I N G PAT T E R N S

D e s i g n i n g a S t o re f ro n t f o r a
Mixed-Use Building
Step 1:
Analyze Historic Context
and Nearby Retail
Storefronts
Observe, photograph, and measure
the historic buildings in the area.
New building details should relate
to traditional building patterns.
New development should respect
traditional ground-floor, floor-to-
ceiling heights, shopfront cornice
and string coarse heights, glazing
patterns, material palettes,
and detailing.

Architectural details from

a historic mixed-use
neighborhood

Step 2:
Select Storefront Typology
Chose the storefront option from below that best works for the site
and program and most closely resembles the regional precedents
documented in Step 1. Arcades, galleries, and awnings all provide
The process of documenting and recording
shade and shelter from inclement weather. The shopfront typology helps establish the desired character
can be further articulated using recessed entries, display windows, or of the streetspace.
french doors.

Shopfront Gallery Colonnade or Arcade

20
Step 3:
Determine Storefront Materials and Detailing
Cornice
Storefronts are typically designed using millwork columns or mason-
ry piers to trim large windows. Transom windows, recessed entrance
doors, and french doors are all glazing elements traditionally used to
articulate the storefront. The scale and alignment of these elements
should be consistent with historic precedents and the surrounding
context.
Frieze/
Signage Band
A Frieze/
Signage Band

Transom

Transom

Storefront
Pier/Column Window
Expression

Paneled Base

Storefront
Window

Paneled Base

Typical Storefront Construction Assembly

A Typical storefront wall section
(section through A-A)

Step 4:
Apply S ignage and Lighting
There are a variety of signage types including blade signs, signage
bands, windows with etched or painted lettering, plaques, awnings,
and banners. Signs should convey the identity of the retail tenant as
well as enhance the character of the neighborhood. Exterior lighting
should be designed so as to avoid excessive glare yet illuminate signs
and provide a sense of security at night.

Signage Band

Postal
Sign/Address

Blade Sign

Window Sign

Plaque

Awning Sign

Elements of Commercial Signage Signage

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A PAT T E R N B O O K F O R N E I G H B O R LY H O U S E S H O U S I N G PAT T E R N S

S t r a t e g i e s f o r B u i l d i n g G re e n
Building green is extremely important for the health of our environ-
ment, the strength of our communities, and the financial and personal
health of those who live in the buildings.
Building green does not have to increase the cost of a house. Many
strategies are low- or no-cost solutions. Resource-efficient construction
techniques can even lower the cost of construction while also reducing A.
maintenance and utility life-cycle costs to the resident and increasing Passive Design Strategies
the durability and value of the house. Higher first costs can often be Passive Design employs non-mechanical,
offset by incentive programs, alternative funding, and new financing climate-responsive techniques to create com-
strategies. fortable indoor temperatures, provide natural
Green design strategies can be considered through the lifetime of day-lighting, and encourage natural ventilation
a house, from design through construction, and for long-term mainte- without the need for electricity and fossil fuels.
nance. The methods included below can be utilized in any housing Passive heating, cooling, lighting, and ventila-
stage. Four basic strategy categories are discussed: Passive Design, tion should be considered early in the design
Material and Construction Efficiency, Energy and Resource Efficiency, process as they have a significant impact on the
and Livability. design of mechanical systems and the con-
The strategies are recommendations for best practices. For more struction process.
information on building green, consult the Resources page in the
Application section. Many of these green building strategies are also
discussed in the Landscape Patterns section.

Typical Angle:
Summer Sun

Shutters

Deep overhangs for shade Operable windows and shutters

Double-Hung
A sensitively oriented house
Window Opened for
will take full advantage of
Air Circulation
passive solar energy bene-
fits. This south-facing
house has a broad porch
that provides shade and a
cooling effect during the
mid-day heat.

Wall Section Partial Front Elevation

Correctly proportioned overhangs and shutters provide shade, decreasing heat

gain. Double-hung windows allow cooler air to enter through the raised bottom
sash, while hot air escapes through the lowered upper sash. High ceilings allow
hot air to rise above the occupied areas, increasing human comfort.

22
1 Site Selection and Solar Orientation 9 High Ceiling Heights Minimize Air Leaks
Select a site with good solar exposure and airflow. Ceiling heights of nine or ten feet provide space for Properly seal around all wall penetrations, win-
Orient the long side of the house to within 22.5° of hot air to rise above the living zone. This also dows, and doors with foam insulation or caulk,
south when possible. allows for taller windows, which provide more nat- while still allowing for adequate air exchange to
ural ventilation and lighting. maintain indoor air quality.
2 South-Facing Windows
Place windows on the southern facade for heat 10 Foundation Plantings Reduce Mechanical Heat Gain
gain during cool months. Plant small shrubs and groundcover around the Reduce the amount of heat gain from light
house to shade pavement and keep the house and bulbs, ovens, and other sources inside the house
3 Natural Ventilation outdoor spaces cooler by reducing reflected heat. during the warm months. Use compact fluores-
Locate operable windows to allow for natural ven- cent light bulbs in place of incandescent bulbs.
tilation and airflow as a means of efficiently cooling 11 Shutters
the house. Operable shutters can shade windows from the hot
sun while allowing for cool natural ventilation.
4 Vegetated Shading They also protect windows from harsh weather.
Establish deciduous trees, shrubs, or trellised plants
to shade the house during the warmer months and 12 Natural Daylighting
allow sunlight in during the cooler months. Place windows to provide natural light throughout
5 Porches and Architectural Shading the day. Sunlight is free and energy-efficient; it cre-
Correctly size and proportion porches and over- ates a healthy, enjoyable indoor environment.
hangs to shade windows on the heat-intensive
southern and western facades. Thermal Mass
Walls and floors of significant mass (concrete or
6 Evergreen and Landscape stucco) should be placed, sized, and surfaced to
Windscreens receive and absorb sunlight. Some of the light
Protect the house from prevailing winter winds reaching these surfaces is converted to heat energy,
with coniferous trees and shrubs. which is stored in the mass and then released into
the house when the temperature drops. Correctly orienting the house on the site can provide
passive solar energy to warm the house in the cool
7 Light-Colored Roof
months when the sun is lower in the sky.
Use a light-colored roof to minimize heat gain dur- Appropriately placed and sized porches and overhangs
ing the warmer months. will help to protect the house from heat gain in the
warmer months when the sun is higher in the sky.
8 Insulation
Insulate the house well to help retain comfortable
indoor temperatures. To protect the insulation from
moisture, install a vapor barrier. 6 3

12

7 4
8
11

9
2
5

N E
10

W S
1

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A PAT T E R N B O O K F O R N E I G H B O R LY H O U S E S H O U S I N G PAT T E R N S

C 1 Utilize Existing Topography

Minimize the need for cut and fill site grading and
expensive, energy-intensive site preparation.
7 High Quality Materials
Use high quality materials with longer lifecycles.
The greater initial cost is made up for in higher
energy performance and reduced maintenance.
2 Preserve Existing Vegetation
Select well-established trees, shrubs, and plants on 8 Minimize Paving
site to maintain or transplant, reducing the need to Minimize the amount of paved surfaces to reduce
plant new vegetation. construction costs, materials, and runoff while
increasing groundwater replenishment and the
3 Recycled Materials area for vegetation.
Specify renewable, reclaimed, and local materials
when possible. This decreases the amount of energy Minimize Size of House
needed to produce and transport materials. Minimizing the size of the house inherently low-
ers the amount of material resources and energy
4 Optimum Value Engineering Framing needed for construction.
Use OVE framing to reduce the amount of lumber
B. needed for construction and to allow for more effi- Minimize Construction Waste
Material and Construction cient insulation. Design and construct the house to avoid excess
Efficiency Strategies material waste. When possible, recycle materials
5 Mechanical System Placement that are not used during or are left over from
Efficient design and construction decreases
Design mechanical systems to make efficient use of construction.
and diverts construction waste, saves energy,
materials. For example, place the bathroom near or
and preserves valuable material resources. With Use Engineered and Certified Lumber
above the kitchen to minimize the need for extra
proper design and planning, the following Use engineered (non-formaldehyde) and Forest
plumbing.
techniques can decrease construction time and Stewardship Council certified lumber to decrease
costs while saving residents considerable 6 Mechanical System Design the environmental impact on old-growth forests.
money over the life of the house. Resource effi- Size the mechanical systems appropriately,
ciency techniques should be considered in the taking into consideration the size, insulation,
design, construction, and landscaping of and passive solar design of the house.
Neighborly Habitat Houses. Design the mechanical systems efficiently to
reduce material inputs.

3
6 2

5
4

1
8

24
1 Day and Task Lighting 4 Well Sealed Ductwork 7 HVAC System
Make use of natural sunlight and task lighting Seal the ductwork to reduce air leakage into Size HVAC equipment appropriately by
as a means of conserving energy. unconditioned spaces. considering the size, insulation, and passive
design strategies above. This reduces the cost
2 Insulation 5 Efficient Appliances and and energy required to operate an over-
Proper insulation reduces air leakage and preserves Plumbing Fixtures sized system.
indoor air temperatures, thereby decreasing the Reduce energy and water consumption by
amount of energy consumed by mechanical specifying Energy Star rated appliances. 8 Water Catchment and Greywater
systems and decreasing energy bills. Use greywater or water collected from the roof
6 Efficient and Insulated Water Heater in a rain barrel to irrigate landscaping. This
3 Ceiling Fans and Plumbing reduces the need for freshwater and minimizes
Utilize fans to circulate air and reduce the need Reduce the energy used to heat water by the impact on wastewater systems.
for energy-intensive air conditioning. insulating the water heater and hot water pipes.
Solar water heaters drastically reduce energy 9 Xeriscaping
consumption. Utilize this method of landscaping to avoid
supplemental irrigation.
C.
Energy and Life-Cycle
Efficiency Strategies
When inter-related mechanical and natural
systems are designed in conjunction, higher
efficiency levels for water, electricity, and fuels
usage can be achieved. These strategies are
most effective when used in partnership with
passive design strategies.

2
3

10
5
11 4

10 Native or Edible Landscape

6 Plant native plants suited to the local climate
7 and soil to decrease water and chemical inputs
and provide animal habitat. Edible plants supply
local, inexpensive food.

11 Energy-Efficient Windows
Install double-pane, insulated, and Low-E
9 coated windows to mitigate radiant heat gain
in the warmer months and reduce heat loss
in the cooler months.
D.
Living Environment
People spend an average of 65% of their lives
indoors, making indoor air quality extremely Note: Refer to the Landscape Patterns section for information on sustainable landscape principles.
important to the health of residents. Natural
ventilation, natural lighting, and comfortable Natural Light Indoor Plants
outdoor spaces add to the health benefits of Large, thoughtfully placed windows create a light- Select indoor plants known for their beauty and
Habitat houses. filled room without the use of electric lighting. ability to purify air.
Studies have shown that people thrive in naturally
lit environments. Landscaping
Select vegetation and landscaping to avoid the
Low-Toxicity and Natural Materials Garage need for toxic chemicals, fertilizers, pesticides,
Choose building materials, furnishings, and Detach the garage from the house, or provide and herbicides.
finishes to affordably avoid PVC, formaldehyde, adequate sealing and use separation to prevent
arsenic, chromium, and other toxic chemicals. toxic exhaust fumes from entering the house. Outdoor Spaces
Design the porch and landscape to provide
Ventilation, Humidity, and Mold Natural Building Techniques comfortable outdoor living spaces and transitions
Install operable windows and mechanical ventila- Consider natural building techniques and materials to the outdoors.
tion/moisture control to improve indoor air as a way to improve indoor air quality and avoid
quality and discourage mold growth. toxic materials.

25
A PAT T E R N B O O K F O R N E I G H B O R LY H O U S E S H O U S I N G PAT T E R N S

Designing for Visitability

and Accessibility
Houses, like neighborhoods and public buildings, should be accessible
for persons with physical disabilities. This requires careful thought
when faced with areas of varying topography. Different conditions call
for different solutions.
For sites where the first floor must be 1'-0" to 4'-0" above grade,
visitability and accessibility can best be achieved through the use of site H
grading and one-grade level entry. Keeping site grades to 5% or less will
reduce or eliminate the need for ramps. On steep sites, it is often pos-
sible to provide access without steps at the side or rear from an adjoin-
ing driveway or sidewalk. Where ramps are necessary, accessibility
L
codes require that they have an 8.33% maximum grade and railings on
both sides. In extreme cases, mechanical means such as small personal
elevators, chair lifts, and porch lifts may be necessary. Cross-Section with Zero-Step Entry No ramps or railings need-
If H = 2’ then L = 40’ ed if a walk or driveway
Inside the house, visitability—the most basic level of accessibility— If H = 4’ then L = 60’ can provide access from
includes circulation on the entry floor and into one bathroom accessi- one end of the house.
ble by a person in a wheelchair, with doorways offering a minimum 32
inches clear passage. When carefully planned, there is rarely a need to
add space to the floor area of a house to provide visitability or accessi-
bility. Visitability costs even less than accessibility, usually adding, at
most, about $200–500 to the construction cost of a single-family house.
It is a feasible strategy for all housing.

Sloping Site

Interior Stair Lift

Exterior Ramp

Interior Chair Lift

Embedded Ramp

Small Internal Elevator

Shared Ramp Elevator

26
D e s i g n i n g A n c i l l a r y S t r u c t u re s
and Parking
Parking for Single-Family Houses and
Single-Family Attached Buildings,
as may be required by local conditions
In some cases, a single-family house may be front-loaded or rear-
loaded with a covered parking pad or a garage. When front-loaded,
the garage is best placed back from the main face of the house,
allowing for the main body and entrance of the house to remain
prominent.
When rear-loaded, the parking pad or garage should remain at
the back of the lot close to the alley or access lane, preserving a
backyard. Garages should complement the main building in
appearance and color. In general, single-family attached buildings An alley provides access to parking for these
are rear-loaded. single-family attached buildings.

A front-loaded A rear-loaded Single-Family Attached

In this example the garage
garage is set garage is buildings with rear-loaded When possible use existing
is placed forward of the
back from the placed in the garages changes in topography to
main body of the house,
front facade of back of the lot. address parking.
House obscuring the front door.
the house.
Parking Pad
Parking Garage

Parking For Multi-Family Buildings Ancillary Structures

Parking for multi-family buildings is best handled in small parking Ancillary structures, such as garden or storage sheds, should be
lots at the rear of the buildings. Incorporate garages to give scale to placed in much the same way as parking structures, toward the back
residential parking lots. of the lot. They should complement the main building in appear-
When planning a mixed-use building, explore shared parking ance and color.
strategies. On-street parking is an integral part of a comprehensive
parking strategy in mixed-use environments.

Shared parking for multi-family

buildings is located off-street at
the rear of buildings.

Integrate larger garages

into residential parking in
the rear of lots.

27