Name: Ely Clint M.
Lagrimas difficulties, anxiety, ADHD, and
Date: July 12 behaviors similar to autism such as
Prof. Zenaida L. Plaza flapping of hands, difficulty with
Course: Special and Inclusive Education interactions, difficulty processing
Written Report sensory, and poor eye contact.
Down Syndrome
PART III. Typology of Learners with
Down Syndrome is not a disease or
Special Needs
illness, it is a genetic disorder which
Learners with Intellectual Disability occurs when someone is born with a full,
or partial, extra copy of chromosome 21
What is Intellectual Disability?
in their DNA.
Refers to a condition in which a
Down Syndrome is the most common
person has certain limitations in
genetic chromosomal disorder and cause
intellectual functions like communicating,
of learning disabilities in children.
taking care of him or herself and has
impaired social skills. In the past, experts People with down syndrome can have
and mental health professionals used the a range of common physical and
term mental retardation to describe a developmental characteristics as well as
person with Intellectual Disability. higher than normal incidence of
respiratory and heart conditions.
It is also characterized by an IQ
below 70 and significant difficulty in daily Physical characteristics associated
living such as self-care, safety, with Down Syndrome can include a slight
communication, and socialization. upward slant of the eyes, a rounded face,
and a short stature.
Developmental Delay
Types of Intellectual Disability
A child develops of as slower rate
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS)
compared to other children of the same
FXS is the most common known age, they may have a developmental
cause of an inherited intellectual delay. One or more areas of
disability worldwide. FXS is a genetic development may be affected including
condition caused by mutation in the X their ability to move, communicate, learn,
chromosome. understand, or interact with other
children.
People Born with FXS Syndrome
may experience a wide range of physical, Sometimes children with a
developmental, behavioral, and developmental delay may not talk, move,
emotional difficulties, however the level or behave in a way that’s appropriate for
of severity can be very varied. their age but can progress more quickly
as they grow.
Some Common signs includes
developmental delay, communication Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS)
Is a rare complex genetic disorder amount’ of alcohol that women can drink
which affects around 1 in 10,000 to during pregnancy.
20,000 people. This disability is quite
Environmental and other Causes
complex and it’s caused by an
of Intellectual Disability
abnormality in the genes of chromosome
15.
Problems during pregnancy
One of the most common symptoms Complication during birth
of PWS is a constant and insatiable Exposure to toxins
hunger with typically begins at two years’ Complication from illnesses
age. People with PWS have urge to eat Malnutrition
because their brain won’t tell them that Exposure to alcohol and drugs
they are full, so they are forever feeling Trauma
hungry. And some unknown causes
The symptoms of PWS can be quite
How to treat people with Intellectual
varied, but poor muscle tone and a short
Disability?
stature is common.
Before you give help, ask if the
Someone with distinct facial features
person needs it.
including almond shaped eyes, a
It’s okay to ask friends or
narrowing of the head, a thin upper-lip’
classmates about their illnesses
light skin and hair, and a turned-down
or disabilities. But don’t be
mouth.
offended if your friend doesn’t
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum want to talk about it.
Disorder Don’t be afraid to ask questions if
you’re not sure how to ask.
FASD refers to a number of Avoid parking in places reserved
conditions that are caused when an for people with disabilities.
unborn fetus is exposed to alcohol. When Kids with illness or disabilities can
a mother is pregnant, alcohol crosses the have it tough sometimes. Be
placenta from the mother’s bloodstream friendly and welcoming to them.
into the baby’s, exposing the baby, to As if you see them being bullied,
similar concentrations as the mother. get help.
The symptoms can vary, however,
include distinctive facial features,
deformities of joints, damage to organs
such as the hearth and kidneys, slow
physical growth, learning difficulties, poor
memory, and poor social skills.
It’s not understood what quantity of
alcohol can affect an unborn child, but it
is important that there is no proven ‘safe
